Another dataset is taken from Social & Household Integrated Economic Survey (HIES), conducted in Pakistan during the years 2013-14. This dataset (that contains 46257 households) comprises all urban and rural areas of four provinces of Pakistan, namely Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Balochistan, while excluding FATA and military restricted areas. This dataset of either rural or urban area is first partitioned into provinces, where each province is further partitioned into different enumeration blocks. Here, the province and enumeration block (EB) are taken as PSU and SSU, respectively, whilst the rural and urban areas are two strata. This dataset can be download from the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics web-page via the link: https://www.pbs.gov.pk/content/microdata.

Abstract

This round of the HIES was conducted covering 15807 households. It provides important information on household income, savings, liabilities, and consumption expenditure and consumption patterns at national and provincial level with urban/rural breakdown. It also includes the requisite data on consumption for the Planning & Development Division for estimation of poverty.

The data generated though HIES Survey will be used to assist the government in formulating the poverty reduction strategy in the overall context of MDGs. The indicators will be developed at National/Provincial level in the following sectors. 1. Education 2. Health 3. Water Supply & Sanitation. 4. Population Welfare 5. Income & Expenditure

Universe

The universe of this survey consists of all urban and rural areas of all four provinces. Military restricted and protected areas have been excluded from the scope of the survey.

Sampling procedure

Sampling Frame:

Urban area: PBS has developed its own urban area frame. All urban areas comprising cities/ towns have been divided into small compact areas known as enumeration blocks (E.Bs) identifiable through map. Each enumeration block comprises about 200-250 households and categorized into low, middle and high-income group, keeping in view the socioeconomic status of the majority of households. Urban area sampling frame consists of 26698 enumeration blocks has been updated in 2003. Rural area: With regard to the rural areas, the lists of villages/mouzas/dehs according to Population Census, 1998 have been used as sampling frame. In this frame, each village/mouza/deh is identifiable by its Name, Had Bast Number, Cadastral map etc. This frame is comprised of 50590 villages/mouzas.

Stratification Plan

Urban Areas: Large sized cities having population five laces and above have been treated as independent stratum. Each of these cities has further been sub-stratified into low, middle and high income groups. The remaining cities/towns within each defunct administrative division have been grouped together to constitute an independent stratum. Rural Areas: The entire rural domain of a district for Punjab, Sindh and KPK provinces has been considered as independent stratum, whereas in Balochistan province defunct administrative division has been treated as stratum.

Sample Size and its Allocation:

To determine optimum sample size for this survey, analytical studies based on the results of Pakistan Demographic Survey, Labour Force and Pakistan Integrated Households Sample Survey were undertaken. Keeping in view the variability that exists within the population for the characteristics for which estimates are to be prepared, as well as population distribution, reliability of estimates and field resources available a sample of size 17,056 households distributed over 1217 PSUs (604 urban and 613 rural) has been considered sufficient to produce reliable estimates in respect of all provinces. Out of these 1217 PSUs, 59 PSUs (19 urban and 40 rural PSUs) were dropped and the remaining 1158 PSUs (585 urban and 573 rural) comprising 15807 households were covered.

Sample Design: A two-stage stratified sample design has been adopted for this survey.

Selection of primary sampling Units (PSUs): Enumeration blocks in the urban domain and mouzas/dehs/villages in rural domain have been taken as PSUs. In urban domain sample PSUs from each stratum have been selected by PPS method of sampling scheme; using households in each block as MOS. Similarly in rural areas, the population of each village has been taken as MOS for the selection of sample villages using again the PPS method.

Selection of Secondary Sampling Units (SSUs): Households within PSU have been considered as SSUs. 16 and 12 households have been selected from each sample village and enumeration block respectively by systematic sampling scheme with a random start.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The household income and consumption part of the HIES questionnaire is the same which has been used for the previous rounds since 2001-02 however, some minor improvements have been made for the reference year.

The main structure of the HIES questionnaire used for the survey 2011-12 is as shown:-

Section A: Survey Information Section1: Part-A: Household Information Part-B: Employment & Income Section 2: Education Section 3: Part-A: Darrhoea Part-B: Immunisation Part-C: Malaria & Tuberculosis Section 4: Part-A: Pregnancy History Part-B: Maternity History Part-C Family Planning Part-D: Pre & Post Natal Care Part-E: Women in Decision Making Section 5: Housing Consumption Module Section 6: Household Consumption Expenditure Section 7: Selected Durable Consumption Items Owned/Sold by the Household (During Last One Year) Section 8: Transfers Received and Paid Out (During Last One Year) Section 9: Part- A: Buildings and Land Owned by Members of This Household..... Part- B: Financial Assets And Liabilities, Loans And Credit Section 10: Part A: Agricultural Sheet Part B: Livestock,Poultry,Fish,Forestry,Honey Bee Section 11 :Non-Agricultural Establishment Section 12: Balance Sheet for Income and Expenditure

Data appraisal

Data quality in the HIES Survey has been ensured through a built in system of checking of field work by the supervisors in the field as well as teams from the headquarters. Regional/ Field offices ensured the data quality through preliminary editing at their office level. The entire data entry was carried at the PBS headquarter in Islamabad and the data entry programme used had a number of in built consistency checks

Abstract

The Pakistan Social & Living Standards Measurement Survey 2018-2019 is the main mechanism to provide data for: - Monitoring development plans at district level. - Assessment of programs initiated under Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP). - Planners / Policy Makers, Research workers, Statisticians and National / International Organizations use the data. - Estimation of Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) from PSLM district level survey. - Estimation of consumption based poverty (CBN from PSLM/ HIES Provincial level survey.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

• Households
• Individuals

Universe

The universe for survey consists of all urban and rural areas of the four provinces of Pakistan, excluded military restricted areas. The areas of erstwhile FATA have now been covered in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

For the 2018-2019 Pakistan Social and Living Measurement Survey stratified two-stage sample design has been adopted for the survey.

Sampling Frame The Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (PBS) has developed its own urban area frame. Each city or town is divided into enumeration blocks. Each enumeration block is comprised to 200-250 houses on the average with well-defined boundaries and maps. In urban areas each enumeration block is treated as PSU while in rural areas villages are divided into blocks with well-defined boundaries and maps and each separate block within village is considered as PSU.

Stratification Plan - Urban Domain: For urban domain, each administrative division for all four provinces has been considered as an independent stratum. - Rural Domain: For rural domain, each administrative district in Punjab, Sindh and Khyber Pakhtunkhawa and each administrative division in Balochistan, has been considered as an independent stratum. - Selection of primary sampling units (PSUs): Enumeration blocks in both Urban and rural domains are taken as Primary Sampling Units (PSUs). Sample PSUs from each ultimate stratum/sub-stratum are selected with probability proportional to size (PPS) method of sampling scheme. In both Urban and Rural domains, the number of households in an enumeration block has been taken as measure of size. - Selection of secondary sampling units (SSUs): The households of sample PSUs have been taken as Secondary Sampling Units (SSUs). 12 and 16 households have been selected from urban and rural domains respectively by using systematic sampling technique.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

There are two structured questionnaires (one for males and another one for females). The topics of the questionnaires include: - Demographic characteristics - Education - Health - Population welfare - Household characteristics - Water sanitation and hygiene - Household income, consumption and expenditure - Household assets, household amenities - Saving and liabilities

Incorporated Modules: - Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) - Out of pocket health expenditure

The Malawi Population-Based Survey (PBS) provides a comprehensive assessment of the current status of agriculture and food security in seven districts in the Central and Southern Regions: Mchinji, Lilongwe, Dedza, Ntcheu, Balaka, Machinga, and Mangochi. The PBS was conducted from November 14 to December 22, 2012. The overall objective of the survey is to provide baseline on data living standards, nutritional status, and women's empowerment in agriculture in the Zone Of Influence. A total of 3,397 households in the ZOI were interviewed for the PBS, and these households were spread across 126 rural standard enumeration areas (SEAs) in the seven districts.

Abstract

The PSLM Project is designed to provide Social & Economic indicators in the alternate years at provincial and district levels. The project was initiated in July 2004 and will continue up to June 2015. The data generated through surveys is used to assist the government In formulating the poverty reduction strategy as well as development plans at district level and for the rapid assessment of program in the overall context of MDGs. As such this survey is one of the main mechanisms for monitoring MDGs indicators. It provides a set of representative, population-based estimates of social indicators and their progress under the PRSP/MDGs. For Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), UN has set 18 targets for 48 indicators for its member countries to achieve by 2015. Pakistan has committed to implement 16 targets and 37 indicators out of which 6 targets and 13 indicators are monitored through PSLM Surveys. The PSLM surveys are conducted at district level and at Provincial level respectively at alternate years. PSLM District level survey collects information on key Social indicators whereas through provincial level surveys (Social & HIES) collects information on social indicators as well as on Income and Consumption while in specific sections also information is also collected about household size; the number of employed people and their employment status, main sources of income; consumption patterns; the level of savings; and the consumption of the major food items. However, Planning Commission also uses this data for Poverty analysis.

Another important objective of the PSLM Survey is to try to establish the distributional impact of development programs; whether the poor have benefited from the program or whether increased government expenditure on the social sectors has been captured by the better off. The sample size of PSLM surveys district level is approximately 80000 households and approximately 18000 at Provincial level.

Main Indicators: Indicators on Demographic characteristics, Education, Health, Employment, Household Assets, Household Amenities, Population Welfare and Water Supply & Sanitation are developed at National/Provincial /District levels.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

Households and Individuals

Universe

The universe of this survey consists of all urban and rural areas of all four provinces, AJK and Gilgit Baltistan. FATA and Military restricted areas have been excluded from the scope of the survey.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Sampling Frame: Pakistan Bureau of statistics PBS has developed its own urban area frame. Each city/town is divided into enumeration blocks. Each enumeration block is comprised to 200-250 households on the average with well-defined boundaries and maps .The list of enumeration blocks as updated from field on the prescribed Performa by Quick Count Technique in 2013 for urban and the list of villages/mouzas/dehs or its part (block), updated during House listing in 2011 for conduct of Population Census, are taken as sampling frame. Enumeration blocks and villages are considered as Primary Sampling Units (PSUs) for urban and rural domains respectively. A project to update the rural blocks is currently in hand.

Stratification Plan

Urban Areas: Large sized cities having population five laces and above have been treated as independent stratum. Each of these cities has further been sub-stratified into low, middle and high income groups. The remaining cities/towns within each defunct administrative division have been grouped together to constitute an independent stratum.

Rural Areas: The entire rural domain of a district for Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Punjab, and Sindh provinces has been considered as independent stratum, whereas in Balochistan province defunct administrative division has been treated as stratum.

Sample Size and its Allocation: To determine optimum sample size for this survey, 6 indicators namely Literacy rate, Net enrolment rate at primary level, Population 10+ that ever attended school, Contraceptive prevalence of women age 15-49 years, Children age 12-23 months who are fully immunized and post natal consultation for ever married women aged 15-49 years were taken into consideration. Keeping in view the prevalence of these indicators at different margin of errors, reliability of estimates and field resources available a sample of size 19620 households distributed over 1368 PSUs (567 urban and 801 rural) has been considered sufficient to produce reliable estimates in respect of all four provinces with urban rural breakdown, however data was collected from 1307 PSU’S by covering 17989 household.

Sample Design: A two-stage stratified sample design has been adopted for this survey.

Selection of primary sampling Units (PSUs): Enumeration blocks in urban and rural domains have been taken as PSUs. In urban and rural domains sample PSUs from each stratum have been selected by PPS method of sampling scheme; using households in each block as Measure of size (MOS).

Selection of Secondary Sampling Units (SSUs): Households within PSU have been considered as SSUs. 16 and 12 households have been selected from urban/rural domains respectively by systematic sampling scheme with a random start.

Sampling deviation

Out of 1368 PSUs, of all four provinces 61 PSUs (11 urban and 50 rural PSUs) of Balochistan were dropped due to bad law and order situation and the remaining 1307 PSUs (556 urban and 751 rural) comprising 17989 households were covered.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument

At both individual and household level, the PSLM Survey collects information on a wide range of topics using an integrated questionnaire. The questionnaire comprises a number of different sections, each of which looks at a particular aspect of household behavior or welfare. Data collected under Round IX includes education, diarrhea, immunization, reproductive health, pregnancy history, maternity history, family planning, pre and post-natal care and access to basic services.

Cleaning operations

Data quality in PSLM Survey has been ensured through a built in system of checking of field work by the supervisors in the field and by the in charge of the concerned Regional/Field offices. Teams from the headquarters also pay surprise visits and randomly check the work done by the enumerators. Regional/ Field offices ensured the data quality through preliminary editing at their office level. The entire data entry was carried at the PBS headquarter Islamabad and specially designed data entry programme had a number of built in consistency checks.

Data appraisal

To determine the reliability of the estimates confidence interval and Standard error of important key indicators have been worked out and are attached at the end of each section of the survey report, provided under the 'Related Materials' tab

The Nepal Population-Based Survey (PBS) provides a comprehensive assessment of the current status of agriculture and food security in 20 districts across the western, mid-western and far-western development regions of the country. This dataset is the household member roster file with one record per household member.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

households/individuals

Kind of data

survey

Frequency of data collection

Yearly

Sampling procedure

Sample size:

This dataset describes data about the households that participated in this baseline survey collected for the express purpose of calculating the Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI). The spreadsheet has 233 columns and 4,880 rows. The Malawi Population-Based Survey (PBS) provides a comprehensive assessment of the current status of agriculture and food security in seven districts in the Central and Southern Regions: Mchinji, Lilongwe, Dedza, Ntcheu, Balaka, Machinga, and Mangochi. The PBS was conducted from November 14 to December 22, 2012. The overall objective of the survey is to provide baseline on data living standards, nutritional status, and women's empowerment in agriculture in the Zone Of Influence. A total of 3,397 households in the ZOI were interviewed for the PBS, and these households were spread across 126 rural standard enumeration areas (SEAs) in the seven districts.

Abstract

The Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey PDHS 2017-18 was the fourth of its kind in Pakistan, following the 1990-91, 2006-07, and 2012-13 PDHS surveys.

The primary objective of the 2017-18 PDHS is to provide up-to-date estimates of basic demographic and health indicators. The PDHS provides a comprehensive overview of population, maternal, and child health issues in Pakistan. Specifically, the 2017-18 PDHS collected information on:

• Key demographic indicators, particularly fertility and under-5 mortality rates, at the national level, for urban and rural areas, and within the country’s eight regions
• Direct and indirect factors that determine levels and trends of fertility and child mortality
• Contraceptive knowledge and practice
• Maternal health and care including antenatal, perinatal, and postnatal care
• Child feeding practices, including breastfeeding, and anthropometric measures to assess the nutritional status of children under age 5 and women age 15-49
• Key aspects of family health, including vaccination coverage and prevalence of diseases among infants and children under age 5
• Knowledge and attitudes of women and men about sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV/AIDS, and potential exposure to risk
• Women's empowerment and its relationship to reproductive health and family planning
• Disability level
• Extent of gender-based violence
• Migration patterns

The information collected through the 2017-18 PDHS is intended to assist policymakers and program managers at the federal and provincial government levels, in the private sector, and at international organisations in evaluating and designing programs and strategies for improving the health of the country’s population. The data also provides information on indicators relevant to the Sustainable Development Goals.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

• Household
• Individual
• Children age 0-5
• Woman age 15-49
• Man age 15-49

Universe

The survey covered all de jure household members (usual residents), children age 0-5 years, women age 15-49 years and men age 15-49 years resident in the household.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sampling frame used for the 2017-18 PDHS is a complete list of enumeration blocks (EBs) created for the Pakistan Population and Housing Census 2017, which was conducted from March to May 2017. The Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (PBS) supported the sample design of the survey and worked in close coordination with NIPS. The 2017-18 PDHS represents the population of Pakistan including Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) and the former Federally Administrated Tribal Areas (FATA), which were not included in the 2012-13 PDHS. The results of the 2017-18 PDHS are representative at the national level and for the urban and rural areas separately. The survey estimates are also representative for the four provinces of Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Balochistan; for two regions including AJK and Gilgit Baltistan (GB); for Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT); and for FATA. In total, there are 13 secondlevel survey domains.

The 2017-18 PDHS followed a stratified two-stage sample design. The stratification was achieved by separating each of the eight regions into urban and rural areas. In total, 16 sampling strata were created. Samples were selected independently in every stratum through a two-stage selection process. Implicit stratification and proportional allocation were achieved at each of the lower administrative levels by sorting the sampling frame within each sampling stratum before sample selection, according to administrative units at different levels, and by using a probability-proportional-to-size selection at the first stage of sampling.

The first stage involved selecting sample points (clusters) consisting of EBs. EBs were drawn with a probability proportional to their size, which is the number of households residing in the EB at the time of the census. A total of 580 clusters were selected.

The second stage involved systematic sampling of households. A household listing operation was undertaken in all of the selected clusters, and a fixed number of 28 households per cluster was selected with an equal probability systematic selection process, for a total sample size of approximately 16,240 households. The household selection was carried out centrally at the NIPS data processing office. The survey teams only interviewed the pre-selected households. To prevent bias, no replacements and no changes to the pre-selected households were allowed at the implementing stages.

For further details on sample design, see Appendix A of the final report.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Six questionnaires were used in the 2017-18 PDHS: Household Questionnaire, Woman’s Questionnaire, Man’s Questionnaire, Biomarker Questionnaire, Fieldworker Questionnaire, and the Community Questionnaire. The first five questionnaires, based on The DHS Program’s standard Demographic and Health Survey (DHS-7) questionnaires, were adapted to reflect the population and health issues relevant to Pakistan. The Community Questionnaire was based on the instrument used in the previous rounds of the Pakistan DHS. Comments were solicited from various stakeholders representing government ministries and agencies, nongovernmental organisations, and international donors. The survey protocol was reviewed and approved by the National Bioethics Committee, Pakistan Health Research Council, and ICF Institutional Review Board. After the questionnaires were finalised in English, they were translated into Urdu and Sindhi. The 2017-18 PDHS used paper-based questionnaires for data collection, while computerassisted field editing (CAFE) was used to edit the questionnaires in the field.

Cleaning operations

The processing of the 2017-18 PDHS data began simultaneously with the fieldwork. As soon as data collection was completed in each cluster, all electronic data files were transferred via IFSS to the NIPS central office in Islamabad. These data files were registered and checked for inconsistencies, incompleteness, and outliers. The field teams were alerted to any inconsistencies and errors. Secondary editing was carried out in the central office, which involved resolving inconsistencies and coding the openended questions. The NIPS data processing manager coordinated the exercise at the central office. The PDHS core team members assisted with the secondary editing. Data entry and editing were carried out using the CSPro software package. The concurrent processing of the data offered a distinct advantage as it maximised the likelihood of the data being error-free and accurate. The secondary editing of the data was completed in the first week of May 2018. The final cleaning of the data set was carried out by The DHS Program data processing specialist and completed on 25 May 2018.

Response rate

A total of 15,671 households were selected for the survey, of which 15,051 were occupied. The response rates are presented separately for Pakistan, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, and Gilgit Baltistan. Of the 12,338 occupied households in Pakistan, 11,869 households were successfully interviewed, yielding a response rate of 96%. Similarly, the household response rates were 98% in Azad Jammu and Kashmir and 99% in Gilgit Baltistan.

In the interviewed households, 94% of ever-married women age 15-49 in Pakistan, 97% in Azad Jammu and Kashmir, and 94% in Gilgit Baltistan were interviewed. In the subsample of households selected for the male survey, 87% of ever-married men age 15-49 in Pakistan, 94% in Azad Jammu and Kashmir, and 84% in Gilgit Baltistan were successfully interviewed.

Overall, the response rates were lower in urban than in rural areas. The difference is slightly less pronounced for Azad Jammu and Kashmir and Gilgit Baltistan. The response rates for men are lower than those for women, as men are often away from their households for work.

Sampling error estimates

The estimates from a sample survey are affected by two types of errors: nonsampling errors and sampling errors. Nonsampling errors are the results of mistakes made in implementing data collection and data processing, such as failure to locate and interview the correct household, misunderstanding of the questions on the part of either the interviewer or the respondent, and data entry errors. Although numerous efforts were made during the implementation of the 2017-18 Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (2017-18 PDHS) to minimise this type of error, nonsampling errors are impossible to avoid and difficult to evaluate statistically.

Sampling errors, on the other hand, can be evaluated statistically. The sample of respondents selected in the 2017-18 PDHS is only one of many samples that could have been selected from the same population, using the same design and expected size. Each of these samples would yield results that differ somewhat from the results of the actual sample selected. Sampling errors are a measure of the variability among all possible samples. Although the degree of variability is not known exactly, it can be estimated from the survey results.

Sampling error is usually measured in terms of the standard error for a particular statistic (mean, percentage, etc.), which is the square root of the variance. The standard error can be used to calculate confidence intervals within which the true value for the population can reasonably be assumed to fall. For example, for any given statistic calculated from a sample survey, the value of that

The Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) began in 1948, and continues to provide timely, reliable and affordable access to necessary medicines for Australians today. The PBS is managed by the Department of Health and administered by the Department of Human Services.

The Repatriation Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (RPBS) is subsidised by the Department of Veterans' Affairs (DVA), and can be used by veterans who have a DVA White, Gold or Orange Card.

Under the PBS, which includes the RPBS, the Australian government subsidises the cost of medicine for most medical conditions. Most of the listed medicines are dispensed by pharmacists, and used by patients at home. Some medicines are administered in hospital. Read more about the PBS on their website.

The PBS Schedule is part of the wider Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme and lists all of the medicines available to be dispensed to patients at a Government-subsidised price. The Schedule is updated monthly.

The Patient Category Report: this report contains the number and total benefit amount of PBS and RPBS services by patient category. The patient category determines how much the patient contributes to the cost of their medicine and refers to the patient's eligibility status at the time of supply of the benefit. Patient categories are listed in the file's metadata. Current and historical patient co-payment amounts and safety net thresholds can be found on the PBS website.

Statistics are supplied for both the PBS and RPBS, and are provided in the following formats:

Excel: The human readable data for the current year is located in an individual excel file. Historical data (1992-2014) may be found in the relevant zipped excel file.
CSV: The machine readable data for the current year is provided in an individual csv file. Historical data (1992-2014) may be found in the relevant zipped csv file.

Additional Medicare statistics may be found on the Department of Human Services website and data.gov.au.

Disclaimer: The information and data contained in the reports and tables have been provided by Medicare Australia for general information purposes only. While Medicare Australia takes care in the compilation and provision of the information and data, it does not assume or accept any liability for the accuracy, quality, suitability and currency of the information or data, or for any reliance on the information or data. Medicare Australia recommends that users exercise their own care, skill and diligence with respect to the use and interpretation of the information and data.

Philippines Loans: PBS: Residents: Household (HH) Consumption data was reported at 968.835 PHP bn in May 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 962.341 PHP bn for Apr 2018. Philippines Loans: PBS: Residents: Household (HH) Consumption data is updated monthly, averaging 806.660 PHP bn from Jan 2016 (Median) to May 2018, with 29 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 968.835 PHP bn in May 2018 and a record low of 645.016 PHP bn in Jan 2016. Philippines Loans: PBS: Residents: Household (HH) Consumption data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Philippines – Table PH.KA013: Loans: Philippine Banking System: PSIC 2009.

This dataset describes the mothers in the households that participated in this baseline survey. The spreadsheet has 70 columns and 2,856 rows. The Malawi Population-Based Survey (PBS) provides a comprehensive assessment of the current status of agriculture and food security in seven districts in the Central and Southern Regions: Mchinji, Lilongwe, Dedza, Ntcheu, Balaka, Machinga, and Mangochi. The PBS was conducted from November 14 to December 22, 2012. The overall objective of the survey is to provide baseline on data living standards, nutritional status, and women's empowerment in agriculture in the Zone Of Influence. A total of 3,397 households in the ZOI were interviewed for the PBS, and these households were spread across 126 rural standard enumeration areas (SEAs) in the seven districts.

Abstract

The Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement (PSLM) Survey is one of the main mechanisms for monitoring the implementation of the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP). It provides a set of representative, population-based estimates of social indicators and their progress under the PRSP. These include intermediate as well as 'output' measures, which assess what is being provided by the social sectors - enrolment rates in education, for example. They include a range of 'outcome' measures, which assess the welfare of the population - Immunisation Rate, for example.

An important objective of the PSLM Survey is to try to establish what the distributional impact of PRSP has been. Policymakers need to know, for example, whether the poor have benefited from the programme or whether increased government expenditure on the social sectors has been captured by the better off.

Geographic coverage

National, excluding military restricted areas

Analysis unit

• Individual
• Household

Universe

The universe of this survey consists of all urban and rural areas of the four provinces and Islamabad excluding military restricted areas.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Pakistan Bureau of Statistics has developed its own urban area frame. All urban areas comprising cities/towns have been divided into small compact areas known as enumeration blocks (EBs) identifiable through map. Each enumeration block comprises about 200-250 households and categorized into low, middle and high-income group, keeping in view the socio economic status of the majority of households. Urban area sampling frame consists of 26,698 enumeration blocks has been updated in 2003

Rural area: With regard to the rural areas, the lists of villages/mouzas/deh according to Population Census, 1998 have been used as sampling frame. In this frame, each village/mouzas/deh is identifiable by its Name, Had Bast Number, Cadastral map etc. This frame is comprised 50,588 villages/mouzas

Stratification Plan: A. Urban Domain: Islamabad, Lahore, Gujranwala, Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Multan, Bahawalpur, Sargodha, Sialkot, Karachi, Hyderabad, Sukkur, Peshawar and Quetta have been considered as large sized cities. Each of these cities constitutes a separate stratum and has further been sub-stratified according to low, middle and high-income groups. After excluding population of large sized city (s), the remaining urban population in each district in all the provinces has been grouped together to form a stratum. B. Rural Domain: Each district in the four provinces of Pakistan has been treated an independent stratum.

Sample Size and its Allocation: Keeping in view the objectives of the survey, the sample size for the four provinces has been fixed at 5,438 sample villages / enumeration blocks (PSU’s) comprising 77,764 households (SSU’s), which is expected to produce reliable results at the district level.

Sample Design: A two-stage stratified sample design has been adopted in this survey.

Selection of Primary Sampling Units (PSUs): Villages in rural areas and enumeration blocks in urban areas have been taken as Primary Sampling Units (PSUs). Sample PSUs have been selected from strata/sub-strata with PPS method of sampling technique. Village wise population of 1998 census and enumeration block wise number of households collected in 2002-03 updation of urban sampling frame have been treated as measure of size for selection of sample PSUs in rural and urban strata, respectively.

Selection of Secondary Sampling Units (SSUs): Households within sample PSUs have been taken as Secondary Sampling Units (SSUs). A specified number of households i.e. 16 and 12 from each sample PSU of rural & urban area have been selected, respectively, using systematic sampling technique with a random start.

Sampling deviation

26 PSU’s comprising 396 households of Panjgur district and 01 PSU consisting 16 households in Karachi were dropped from the scope of the survey due to law and order situations.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

At both individual and household level, the PSLM Survey collects information on a wide range of topics using an integrated questionnaire. The questionnaire comprises a number of different sections, each of which looks at a particular aspect of household behaviour or welfare. Data collected under Round VIII includes Education, Health, Water Supply & Sanitation and Household Economic Situation & Satisfaction by facilities and services use.

Cleaning operations

Data quality in PSLM Survey has been ensured through built in system of checking of fieldwork by the supervisors in the field as well as teams from the headquarters. Regional/ Field offices ensured the data quality through preliminary editing at their office level. The entire data entry was carried out at the PBS headquarter Islamabad and the data entry programme used had a number of in built consistency checks

Data appraisal

To determine the reliability of the estimates, Coefficient of Variations (CVs) and Confidence Limits of important key indicators have been worked out and are attached as Appendix B of the survey report.

The Rwanda Population-Based Survey (PBS) provides a comprehensive assessment of the current status of agriculture and food security in almost the entire country, including all four provinces and all of rural Rwanda. The Zone of Influence (ZOI) comprises 27 of the 30 districts in Rwanda, with the exception of the three districts of Kigali City. The PBS, which was conducted from December 22, 2012 to January 11, 2013. The overall objective of the survey is to provide baseline on data living standards, nutritional status, and women's empowerment in agriculture in the ZOI.

The Uganda Population-Based Survey (PBS) provides a comprehensive assessment of the current status of agriculture and food security in 38 districts across eight regions of the country. The PBS was conducted from October 25 to December 30, 2012. The overall objective of the survey is to provide baseline data on living standards, nutritional status, and women's empowerment in agriculture in the Zone Of Influence. This dataset is a household-level file with records for each sampled household with a completed interview.

The baseline survey in Tajikistan captures data in the Feed the Future Zones of Influence (ZOI), comprised of 12 of the 24 districts in Khatlon province. A total of 2,000 households in the ZOI were surveyed for the PBS data collection activity. These households are spread across 100 standard enumeration areas in the targeted districts. The survey is comprised of ten CSV files: a children's file, a household-level file, a household member level file, a women's file, several files describing consumption, and two files used to construct the Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index. This dataset contains variables from Module E, the Household Consumption Expenditures module used to calculate poverty and expenditure indicators.

The Nepal Population-Based Survey (PBS) provides a comprehensive assessment of the current status of agriculture and food security in 20 districts across the western, mid-western and far-western development regions of the country. This file reports household level data from the Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI). The WEAI measures the empowerment, agency, and inclusion of women in the agriculture sector in an effort to identify and address the constraints that limit women’s full engagement in the agriculture sector.

Abstract

The 2012-13 Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey was undertaken to provide current and reliable data on fertility and family planning, childhood mortality, maternal and child health, women’s and children’s nutritional status, women’s empowerment, domestic violence, and knowledge of HIV/AIDS. The survey was designed with the broad objective of providing policymakers with information to monitor and evaluate programmatic interventions based on empirical evidence.

The specific objectives of the survey are to: • collect high-quality data on topics such as fertility levels and preferences, contraceptive use, maternal and child health, infant (and especially neonatal) mortality levels, awareness regarding HIV/AIDS, and other indicators related to the Millennium Development Goals and the country’s Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper • investigate factors that affect maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality (i.e., antenatal, delivery, and postnatal care) • provide information to address the evaluation needs of health and family planning programs for evidence-based planning • provide guidelines to program managers and policymakers that will allow them to effectively plan and implement future interventions

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

• Household
• Ever married women age 15-49
• Ever married men age 15-49

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Sample Design The primary objective of the 2012-13 PDHS is to provide reliable estimates of key fertility, family planning, maternal, and child health indicators at the national, provincial, and urban and rural levels. NIPS coordinated the design and selection of the sample with the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. The sample for the 2012-13 PDHS represents the population of Pakistan excluding Azad Jammu and Kashmir, FATA, and restricted military and protected areas. The universe consists of all urban and rural areas of the four provinces of Pakistan and Gilgit Baltistan, defined as such in the 1998 Population Census. PBS developed the urban area frame. All urban cities and towns are divided into mutually exclusive, small areas, known as enumeration blocks, that were identifiable with maps. Each enumeration block consists of about 200 to 250 households on average, and blocks are further grouped into low-, middle-, and high-income categories. The urban area sampling frame consists of 26,543 enumeration blocks, updated through the economic census conducted in 2003. In rural areas, lists of villages/mouzas/dehs developed through the 1998 population census were used as the sample frame. In this frame, each village/mouza/deh is identifiable by its name. In Balochistan, Islamabad, and Gilgit Baltistan, urban areas were oversampled and proportions were adjusted by applying sampling weights during the analysis.

A sample size of 14,000 households was estimated to provide reasonable precision for the survey indicators. NIPS trained 43 PBS staff members to obtain fresh listings from 248 urban and 252 rural survey sample areas across the country. The household listing was carried out from August to December 2012.

The second stage of sampling involved selecting households. At each sampling point, 28 households were selected by applying a systematic sampling technique with a random start. This resulted in 14,000 households being selected (6,944 in urban areas and 7,056 in rural areas). The survey was carried out in a total of 498 areas. Two areas of Balochistan province (Punjgur and Dera Bugti) were dropped because of their deteriorating law and order situations. Overall, 24 areas (mostly in Balochistan) were replaced, mainly because of their adverse law and order situation.

Refer to Appendix B in the final report for details of sample design and implementation.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The 2012-13 PDHS used four types of questionnaires: Household Questionnaire, Woman’s Questionnaire, Man’s Questionnaire, and Community Questionnaire. The contents of the Household, Woman’s, and Man’s Questionnaires were based on model questionnaires developed by the MEASURE DHS program. However, the questionnaires were modified, in consultation with a broad spectrum of research institutions, government departments, and local and international organizations, to reflect issues relevant to the Pakistani population, including migration status, family planning, domestic violence, HIV/AIDS, and maternal and child health. A series of questionnaire design meetings were organized by NIPS, and discussions from these meetings were used to finalize the survey questionnaires. The questionnaires were then translated into Urdu and Sindhi and pretested, after which they were further refined. The questionnaires were presented to the Technical Advisory Committee for final approval.

The Household Questionnaire was used to list the usual members and visitors in the selected households. Basic information was collected on the characteristics of each person listed, including age, sex, marital status, education, and relationship to the head of the household. Data on current school attendance, migration status, and survivorship of parents among those under age 18 were also collected. The questionnaire also provided the opportunity to identify ever-married women and men age 15-49 who were eligible for individual interviews and children age 0-5 eligible for anthropometry measurements. The Household Questionnaire collected information on characteristics of the dwelling unit as well, such as the source of drinking water; type of toilet facilities; type of cooking fuel; materials used for the floor, roof, and walls of the house; and ownership of durable goods, agricultural land, livestock/farm animals/poultry, and mosquito nets.

The Woman’s Questionnaire was used to collect information from ever-married women age 15-49 on the following topics: • Background characteristics (education, literacy, native tongue, marital status, etc.) • Reproductive history • Knowledge and use of family planning methods • Fertility preferences • Antenatal, delivery, and postnatal care • Breastfeeding and infant feeding practices • Vaccinations and childhood illnesses • Woman’s work and husband’s background characteristics • Infant and childhood mortality • Women’s decision making • Awareness about AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections • Other health issues (e.g., knowledge of tuberculosis and hepatitis, injection safety) • Domestic violence

Similarly, the Man’s Questionnaire, used to collect information from ever-married men age 15-49, covered the following topics: • Background characteristics • Knowledge and use of family planning methods • Fertility preferences • Employment and gender roles • Awareness about AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections • Other health issues

The Community Questionnaire, a brief form completed for each rural sample point, included questions about the availability of various types of health facilities and other services, particularly transportation, education, and communication facilities.

All elements of the PDHS data collection activities were pretested in June 2012. Three teams were formed for the pretest, each consisting of a supervisor, a male interviewer, and three female interviewers. One team worked in the Sukkur and Khairpur districts in the province of Sindh, another in the Peshawar and Charsadda districts in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and the third in the district of Rawalpindi in Punjab. Each team covered one rural and one urban non-sample area.

Cleaning operations

The processing of the 2012-13 PDHS data began simultaneously with the fieldwork. Completed questionnaires were edited and data entry was carried out immediately in the field by the field editors. The data were uploaded on the same day to enable retrieval in the central office at NIPS in Islamabad, and the Internet File Streaming System was used to transfer data from the field to the central office. The completed questionnaires were then returned periodically from the field to the NIPS office in Islamabad through a courier service, where the data were again edited and entered by data processing personnel specially trained for this task. Thus, all data were entered twice for 100 percent verification. Data were entered using the CSPro computer package. The concurrent processing of the data offered a distinct advantage because of the assurance that the data were error-free and authentic. Moreover, the double entry of data enabled easy identification of errors and inconsistencies, which were resolved via comparisons with the paper questionnaire entries. The secondary editing of the data was completed in the first week of May 2013.

As noted, the PDHS used the CAFE system in the field for the first time. This application was developed and fully tested before teams were deployed in the field. Field editors were selected after careful screening from among the participants who attended the main training exercise. Seven-day training was arranged for field editors so that each editor could enter a sample cluster’s data under the supervision of NIPS senior staff, which enabled a better understanding of the CAFE system. The system was deemed efficient in capturing data immediately in the field and providing immediate feedback to the field teams. Early transfer of data back to the central office enabled the generation of field check tables on a regular basis, an efficient tool for monitoring the fieldwork.

Response rate

A total of 13,944 households were selected for the sample, of which

The Rwanda Population-Based Survey (PBS) provides a comprehensive assessment of the current status of agriculture and food security in almost the entire country, including all four provinces and all of rural Rwanda. This is an individual dataset with all women with a completed interview in Module H of the questionnaire.

The Rwanda Population-Based Survey (PBS) provides a comprehensive assessment of the current status of agriculture and food security in almost the entire country, including all four provinces and all of rural Rwanda. This dataset is one of two datasets needed to calculate the WEAI-related measures.