A table listing the average electricity rates (kWh) of all 50 U.S. states as of March 2025.

The electricity rate for deregulated states for residential customers increased from 10.1 U.S. cents per kilowatt hour in 1997 to some 14.8 U.S. cents per kilowatt hour in 2018. Many states that have deregulated their electricity market have implemented retail choice plans that were higher cost at first, but it was predicted that competition between suppliers would then lower rates.

Retail residential electricity prices in the United States have mostly risen over the last decades. In 2023, prices registered a year-over-year growth of 6.3 percent, the highest growth registered since the beginning of the century. Residential prices are projected to continue to grow by two percent in 2024. Drivers of electricity price growth The price of electricity is partially dependent on the various energy sources used for generation, such as coal, gas, oil, renewable energy, or nuclear. In the U.S., electricity prices are highly connected to natural gas prices. As the commodity is exposed to international markets that pay a higher rate, U.S. prices are also expected to rise, as it has been witnessed during the energy crisis in 2022. Electricity demand is also expected to increase, especially in regions that will likely require more heating or cooling as climate change impacts progress, driving up electricity prices. Which states pay the most for electricity? Electricity prices can vary greatly depending on both state and region. Hawaii has the highest electricity prices in the U.S., at roughly 43 U.S. cents per kilowatt-hour as of May 2023, due to the high costs of crude oil used to fuel the state’s electricity. In comparison, Idaho has one of the lowest retail rates. Much of the state’s energy is generated from hydroelectricity, which requires virtually no fuel. In addition, construction costs can be spread out over decades.

United States Electricity: Average Retail Price: EIA: Residential data was reported at 13.300 0.01 USD/kWh in Aug 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 13.130 0.01 USD/kWh for Jul 2018. United States Electricity: Average Retail Price: EIA: Residential data is updated monthly, averaging 8.590 0.01 USD/kWh from Jul 1976 (Median) to Aug 2018, with 434 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 13.300 0.01 USD/kWh in Aug 2018 and a record low of 3.600 0.01 USD/kWh in Jan 1977. United States Electricity: Average Retail Price: EIA: Residential data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Energy Information Administration. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.P002: Energy Price.

The retail price for electricity in the United States stood at an average of ***** U.S. dollar cents per kilowatt-hour in 2024. This is the highest figure reported in the indicated period. Nevertheless, the U.S. still has one of the lowest electricity prices worldwide. As a major producer of primary energy, energy prices are lower than in countries that are more reliant on imports or impose higher taxes. Regional variations and sector disparities The impact of rising electricity costs across U.S. states is not uniform. Hawaii stands out with the highest household electricity price, reaching a staggering ***** U.S. cents per kilowatt-hour in September 2024. This stark contrast is primarily due to Hawaii's heavy reliance on imported oil for power generation. On the other hand, states like Utah benefit from lower rates, with prices around **** U.S. cents per kilowatt-hour. Regarding U.S. prices by sector, residential customers have borne the brunt of price increases, paying an average of ***** U.S. cents per kilowatt-hour in 2023, significantly more than commercial and industrial sectors. Factors driving price increases Several factors contribute to the upward trend in electricity prices. The integration of renewable energy sources, investments in smart grid technologies, and rising peak demand all play a role. Additionally, the global energy crisis of 2022 and natural disasters affecting power infrastructure have put pressure on the electric utility industry. The close connection between U.S. electricity prices and natural gas markets also influences rates, as domestic prices are affected by higher-paying international markets. Looking ahead, projections suggest a continued increase in electricity prices, with residential rates expected to grow by *** percent in 2024, driven by factors such as increased demand and the ongoing effects of climate change.

This dataset, compiled by NREL using data from ABB, the Velocity Suite and the U.S. Energy Information Administration dataset 861, provides average residential, commercial and industrial electricity rates with likely zip codes for both investor owned utilities (IOU) and non-investor owned utilities. Note: the files include average rates for each utility (not average rates per zip code), but not the detailed rate structure data found in the OpenEI U.S. Utility Rate Database.

Pakistan PK: Residential Electricity Price: USD per kWh data was reported at 0.300 USD/kWh in 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.280 USD/kWh for 2019. Pakistan PK: Residential Electricity Price: USD per kWh data is updated yearly, averaging 0.290 USD/kWh from Dec 2014 (Median) to 2020, with 7 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.330 USD/kWh in 2015 and a record low of 0.270 USD/kWh in 2018. Pakistan PK: Residential Electricity Price: USD per kWh data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Pakistan – Table PK.OECD.GGI: Environmental: Environmental Policy, Taxes and Transfers: Non OECD Member: Annual.

India IN: Residential Electricity Price: USD per kWh data was reported at 0.220 USD/kWh in 2019. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.220 USD/kWh for 2018. India IN: Residential Electricity Price: USD per kWh data is updated yearly, averaging 0.220 USD/kWh from Dec 2007 (Median) to 2019, with 13 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.240 USD/kWh in 2015 and a record low of 0.210 USD/kWh in 2009. India IN: Residential Electricity Price: USD per kWh data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s India – Table IN.OECD.GGI: Environmental: Environmental Policy, Taxes and Transfers: Non OECD Member: Annual.

Germany Electricity decreased 51.50 EUR/MWh or 44.50% since the beginning of 2025, according to the latest spot benchmarks offered by sellers to buyers priced in megawatt hour (MWh). This dataset includes a chart with historical data for Germany Electricity Price.

This dataset is restricted, for more information please contact the author. Data were collected from multiple sources:The Electricity & Co-Generation Regulatory AuthoritySaudi Electricity companyWeb news article (2015, December 28). Increase of Fuel, Electricity and Water prices. Retrieved from https://akhbaar24.argaam.com/article/detail/255091accessed on March 22, 2018.In October 1984, the government adopted a Tariff that increased with increasing consumption. The changes of Tariffs started in November 1984.Tariff approved by Council of Ministries 170 and become effective in October 2000. This Tariff remained effective for approximately ten years The residential, agricultural, mosques, and charitable societies remained unchanged till 2018In 2010, a new tariff for government, commercial, and industrial consumption came into force, this was adopted by a decision of ECRA's board, to set tariffs for non-residential consumption with an upper limit of SR0.26/kWh.In 2015, the total value of electricity consumed by the residential sector was worth about 38 billion U.S. dollars.In 2018, the Council of Ministers has approved gradual revision of energy prices in the Kingdom including changes to electricity tariffs effective from Jan. 1. 2018, the Electricity and Cogeneration Regulatory Authority (ECRA) announced that new prices will take effect on January 1st, 2018.source: ECRACitation: Alghamdi, Abeer. 2018. “Changes in Saudi Arabia Electricity Prices.” [dataset]. https://datasource.kapsarc.org/explore/dataset/electricity-prices-in-saudi-arabia/information/.

Thailand Electricity Consumption: PEA: by Tariff: Residential data was reported at 2,775.296 GWh in Aug 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 2,857.325 GWh for Jul 2018. Thailand Electricity Consumption: PEA: by Tariff: Residential data is updated monthly, averaging 1,808.657 GWh from Jan 2002 (Median) to Aug 2018, with 200 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3,233.943 GWh in May 2016 and a record low of 1,023.391 GWh in Jan 2002. Thailand Electricity Consumption: PEA: by Tariff: Residential data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Energy Policy and Planning Office. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Thailand – Table TH.RB002: Electricity Statistics.

Electricity consumption rate in the residential sector per subscriber declined by 0.92 percent in Saudi Arabia in 2021 compared to an increase of 2.68 percent in the previous year.

Malaysia Residential Electricity Price: USD per kWh data was reported at 0.200 USD/kWh in 2019. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.200 USD/kWh for 2018. Malaysia Residential Electricity Price: USD per kWh data is updated yearly, averaging 0.200 USD/kWh from Dec 2010 (Median) to 2019, with 10 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.210 USD/kWh in 2016 and a record low of 0.190 USD/kWh in 2013. Malaysia Residential Electricity Price: USD per kWh data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Malaysia – Table MY.OECD.GGI: Environmental: Environmental Policy, Taxes and Transfers: Non OECD Member: Annual.

Ireland, Italy, and Germany had some of the highest household electricity prices worldwide, as of March 2025. At the time, Irish households were charged around 0.45 U.S. dollars per kilowatt-hour, while in Italy, the price stood at 0.43 U.S. dollars per kilowatt-hour. By comparison, in Russia, residents paid almost 10 times less. What is behind electricity prices? Electricity prices vary widely across the world and sometimes even within a country itself, depending on factors like infrastructure, geography, and politically determined taxes and levies. For example, in Denmark, Belgium, and Sweden, taxes constitute a significant portion of residential end-user electricity prices. Reliance on fossil fuel imports Meanwhile, thanks to their great crude oil and natural gas production output, countries like Iran, Qatar, and Russia enjoy some of the cheapest electricity prices in the world. Here, the average household pays less than 0.1 U.S. dollars per kilowatt-hour. In contrast, countries heavily reliant on fossil fuel imports for electricity generation are more vulnerable to market price fluctuations.

These data underpin an analysis of the time-sensitive impacts of energy efficiency and flexibility measures in the U.S. building sector using Scout (scout.energy.gov), a reproducible and granular model of U.S. building energy use developed by the U.S. national labs for the U.S. Department of Energy's Building Technologies Office.

The analysis applies sub-annual adjustments to U.S. baseline building energy use, cost, and emissions in order to characterize how these metrics vary across hour of the day, season, and geographic region in the U.S. building sector. These adjustments are based on daily energy load, price, and emissions shapes from various data sources and are used to re-apportion baseline energy, cost, and emissions totals from EIA's Annual Energy Outlook (AEO) Reference Case projections across all hours of a year. The resulting sub-annual baselines are specified by building sector, end use, region, and season and can be used in analyses of building efficiency and flexibility measures to quantify their time-sensitive impacts at the national scale. Analyses of these data demonstrate that energy efficiency measures continue to show strong value under a time-sensitive framework while the value of flexibility depends on assumed electricity rates, measure magnitude and duration, and the amount of savings already captured by efficiency.

The data uploaded below include CSV files that show hourly energy use, cost, and emissions totals for the U.S. building sector as well as by end-use, region, and season. An additional CSV includes residential and commercial price intensities (USD/quad) for all hours of the day based on different time-of-use (TOU) rate data from the U.S. Utility Rate Database (URDB). Further detail on each of these CSVs is given below:

'TSV_baseline_totals.csv': this file shows hourly total energy, cost, and emissions estimates for commercial and residential buildings in 2018 and 2030. It presents these estimates in Quads (source), Quads (site), and TWh (site). For the cost totals, it presents two estimates for each year and building sector, including one using the median TOU rate from the URDB and one using the average retail rate for the corresponding building sector. For converting source energy to site, total delivered electricity and electricity-related losses data for the residential and commercial sector are drawn from AEO Summary Table A2.

'TSV_baseline_end-use.csv': this file shows hourly energy, cost, and emissions estimates for commercial and residential buildings in 2018 and 2030 broken out by building end-use. It presents totals in terms of both source and site energy as above and presents cost totals based on the median TOU rate for each building sector from the URDB.

'TSV_baseline_region.csv': this file shows hourly energy, cost, and emissions estimates for commercial and residential space heating and cooling end uses in 2018 and 2030 for each American Institute of Architects (AIA) climate zone. It presents totals in terms of both source and site energy as above and presents cost totals based on the median TOU rate for each building sector from the URDB.

'TSV_baseline_region_season.csv': this file shows a similar disaggregation of the data as ‘TSV_baseline_region.csv’, but it further disaggregates results by season. The seasonal definitions are as follows: 'intermediate' (October to November; March to April), 'winter' (November to February), and 'summer' (May to September).

'TSV_annual_price_intensities.csv': this file presents annual hourly price intensities for the commercial and residential building sectors in 2018 and 2030 based on different TOU rate data from the URDB. Three different rate structures are included for each building sector, and these are the 5th, 50th, and 95th percentile of all existing commercial and residential TOU rates in the URDB in terms of their peak to off-peak price ratio.

France Electricity decreased 6.75 EUR/MWh or 9.66% since the beginning of 2025, according to the latest spot benchmarks offered by sellers to buyers priced in megawatt hour (MWh). This dataset includes a chart with historical data for France Electricity Price.

Non-household electricity prices increased in Hungary, both for large- and small consumers. In the first half of 2023, customers with an annual consumption of 500 to 2,000 megawatt hours paid a 0.3 euro kilowatt hour price. Electricity generation  Hungary’s energy sector is mostly reliant on nuclear electricity generation, coal, and natural gas, as well as importing electricity from neighboring countries, such as Austria, Ukraine, and Slovakia. The total amount of electricity generated in Hungary in 2020 reached 34.6 terawatt hours, marking a slight increase compared to the previous five years. Nuclear energy  The Paks Nuclear Power Plant, Hungary’s only nuclear power station, started operating in 1982 and has played a crucial role in the country’s energy supply ever since. The power plant has four nuclear reactors that generate approximately half of the country’s electricity. With the support of the Hungarian government, a contract has been signed for expanding the power plant with two further nuclear reactors. However, according to the findings of a survey conducted in 2020, over half of the country’s population was against the expansion.