Rural population (% of total population) in India was reported at 63.64 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. India - Rural population - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on June of 2025.

Over 909 million people in India lived in rural areas in 2023, a decrease from 2022. Urban India, although far behind with over 508 million people, had a higher year-on-year growth rate during the measured period.

While Indians between 12 and 34 years dominated internet use from 2013 to 2019 with about 65 percent of the total market, this was projected to change by 2025. Between 2019 and 2025, it was estimated that age group 35 years and older would make up ** percent of internet usage in India. Gender and internet Among the total internet users in the country, it was found that only about ** percent were female users. While this was expected to change to ** percent male users and ** percent female users by 2020, it still showed a gender gap in internet accessibility in the south-Asian country. While several factors lead to this digital gender gap, economic and socio-cultural barriers stand out as the most compelling reasons. Older Indians part of digitalization The median age of India’s population was around 27 years in 2015, echoing the range of the country’s majority internet user base. The estimated shift, however, in the years to come would be the successful efforts towards digitalizing India. If done right, this would propel older adults to adopt and master new media technologies in their daily activities beyond social media and communication, including the use of financial services.

Abstract

The economic and social importance of domestic tourism in a country like India, endowed with a splendid cultural and historical heritage, hardly needs to be emphasised. However, tourism, by itself, does not constitute any specific industry or sector in the economy. Rather, it is a composite of several traditional sectors like transport, accommodation, etc. Besides, tourism has linkages with distinct patterns of consumption and expenditure. Therefore, the importance of tourism in the national economy is manifold: in generating employment in various industries like hospitality, handicrafts, transport services etc. It also uniquely serves the purpose of maintenance of familial and social bonds, which is a great Indian tradition. Further, in view of the increase in tourism in recent years, tourism-specific development and investment requirements are also on the rise in the national economy.

This schedule is designed to collect detailed information on 'domestic tourism' in India through a nationwide household survey in the 65th round of NSS. This will provide a comprehensive assessment of household characteristics, visitor characteristics, trip characteristics and expenditure characteristics in relation to domestic tourism in India.

Geographic coverage

The survey will cover the whole of the Indian Union except (i) interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond five kilometres of the bus route and (ii) villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which remain inaccessible throughout the year.

Analysis unit

Randomly selected households based on sampling procedure and members of the household.

Universe

The survey used the interview method of data collection from a sample of randomly selected households and members of the household.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Outline of sample design: A stratified multi-stage design has been adopted for the 65th round survey. The first stage units (FSU) are the 2001 census villages (Panchayat wards in case of Kerala) in the rural sector and Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks in the urban sector. For towns with no UFS frame available (to be referred as 'non-UFS towns'), each town has been treated as an FSU. The ultimate stage units (USU) are households in both the sectors. In case of large FSUs, one intermediate stage of sampling is the selection of two hamlet-groups (hgs)/ sub-blocks (sbs) from each rural/ urban FSU.

Sampling Frame for First Stage Units: For the rural sector, the list of 2001 census villages (the term 'village' means Panchayat wards for Kerala) has constituted the sampling frame. For the urban sector, the list of latest available UFS blocks has been considered as the sampling frame. For non-UFS towns, the list of towns as per Census 2001 has been the sampling frame.

Stratification for FSU:

Rural sector: All villages of a district will form a separate stratum.

Urban sector: In the urban sector, strata will be formed within each NSS region on the basis of size class of towns as per Census 2001 town population. This departure has been made in the stratification principle in order to facilitate generation of town-class wise estimates to satisfy the requirements of the user ministries. The stratum numbers and their composition (within each region) are given below.

Stratum Composition (within NSS region) 1 All towns with population < 50,000
2 All towns with population 50,000 - 99,999
3 All towns with population 1,00,000 - 4,99,999
4 All towns with population 5,00,000 - 9,99,999
5, 6, …. Each million plus city

The non-UFS towns, if any, within an NSS region will be grouped together to form separate urban strata as per the size classes (in terms of population).

Sub-stratification: There has been no sub-stratification in the rural sector and for strata corresponding to non-UFS towns.

Total sample size (FSUs): 12928 FSUs for central sample and 13996 FSUs for state sample have been allocated at all-India level.

Allocation of total sample to States and UTs:
The total number of sample FSUs is allocated to the States and UTs in proportion to population as per census 2001 subject to a minimum sample allocation to each State/ UT. While doing so, the resource availability in terms of number of field investigators has been kept in view.

Allocation of State/ UT level sample to rural and urban sectors: State/ UT level sample is allocated between two sectors in proportion to population as per census 2001 with 1.5 weightage to urban sector subject to the restriction that urban sample size for bigger states like Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu etc. should not exceed the rural sample size. A minimum of 4 FSUs is allocated to each state/ UT separately for rural and urban areas. Further the State level allocations for both rural and urban have been adjusted marginally in a few cases to ensure that each stratum gets a minimum allocation of 4 FSUs.

Sampling deviation

There was no deviation from the original sampling design.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Schedule 21.1 is on domestic tourism and consists of ten blocks with two blocks, viz, Block 5 and Block 6, having two sub-blocks each, namely, Block 5.1 & Block 5.2 and Block 6.1 & Block 6.2 respectively.

Block 0: Descriptive identification of sample household Block 1 : Identification of sample household Block 2: Particulars of field operations Block 3 : Household characteristics Block 4 : Demographic and other particulars for all household members Block 5.1: Particulars of overnight trips completed by household members during last 30 days Block 5.2: Particulars of same-day trips completed by household members during last 30 days Block 6.1: Particulars of expenditure ( in Rs.) for latest 3 trips in last 30 days covered in block 5.1 Block 6.2: Particulars of aggregate expenditure ( in Rs.) for all trips in last 30 days covered in block 5.2 Block 7: Remarks by investigator/senior investigator Block 8: Comments by superintendent/ senior superintendent Block 9: Comments by other supervisory officer

The dataset contains Year- and region-wise All India compiled data on various Principal Sources of Drinking Water such as tap, tube well, hand pump, tank, pond, river, canal, lake, etc.and the Number of Households (per thousand) utilizing each Source of Drinking Water. The data is provided independently for both Rural and Urban indian population for the period of 1988 to 2018. The dataset has been compiled from Table nos. 1, 2, 29, 3.1 and Statements 2 and 3.1.1 of 54th, 58th, 65th, 69th and 76th round reports of NSS

Abstract

The economic and social importance of domestic tourism in a country like India, endowed with a splendid cultural and historical heritage, hardly needs to be emphasised. However, tourism, by itself, does not constitute any specific industry or sector in the economy. Rather, it is a composite of several traditional sectors like transport, accommodation, etc. Besides, tourism has linkages with distinct patterns of consumption and expenditure. Therefore, the importance of tourism in the national economy is manifold: in generating employment in various industries like hospitality, handicrafts, transport services etc. It also uniquely serves the purpose of maintenance of familial and social bonds, which is a great Indian tradition. Further, in view of the increase in tourism in recent years, tourism-specific development and investment requirements are also on the rise in the national economy.

This schedule is designed to collect detailed information on 'domestic tourism' in India through a nationwide household survey in the 65th round of NSS. This will provide a comprehensive assessment of household characteristics, visitor characteristics, trip characteristics and expenditure characteristics in relation to domestic tourism in India.

Geographic coverage

The survey will cover the whole of the Indian Union except (i) interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond five kilometres of the bus route and (ii) villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which remain inaccessible throughout the year.

Analysis unit

Household

Universe

All households of India

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Outline of sample design: A stratified multi-stage design has been adopted for the 65th round survey. The first stage units (FSU) are the 2001 census villages (Panchayat wards in case of Kerala) in the rural sector and Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks in the urban sector. For towns with no UFS frame available (to be referred as 'non-UFS towns'), each town has been treated as an FSU. The ultimate stage units (USU) are households in both the sectors. In case of large FSUs, one intermediate stage of sampling is the selection of two hamlet-groups (hgs)/ sub-blocks (sbs) from each rural/ urban FSU.

Sampling Frame for First Stage Units: For the rural sector, the list of 2001 census villages (the term 'village' means Panchayat wards for Kerala) has constituted the sampling frame. For the urban sector, the list of latest available UFS blocks has been considered as the sampling frame. For non-UFS towns, the list of towns as per Census 2001 has been the sampling frame.

Stratification for FSU:

Rural sector: All villages of a district will form a separate stratum.

Urban sector: In the urban sector, strata will be formed within each NSS region on the basis of size class of towns as per Census 2001 town population. This departure has been made in the stratification principle in order to facilitate generation of town-class wise estimates to satisfy the requirements of the user ministries. The stratum numbers and their composition (within each region) are given below.

Stratum Composition (within NSS region) 1 All towns with population < 50,000
2 All towns with population 50,000 - 99,999
3 All towns with population 1,00,000 - 4,99,999
4 All towns with population 5,00,000 - 9,99,999
5, 6, …. Each million plus city

The non-UFS towns, if any, within an NSS region will be grouped together to form separate urban strata as per the size classes (in terms of population).

Sub-stratification: There has been no sub-stratification in the rural sector and for strata corresponding to non-UFS towns.

Total sample size (FSUs): 12928 FSUs for central sample and 13996 FSUs for state sample have been allocated at all-India level.

Allocation of total sample to States and UTs:
The total number of sample FSUs is allocated to the States and UTs in proportion to population as per census 2001 subject to a minimum sample allocation to each State/ UT. While doing so, the resource availability in terms of number of field investigators has been kept in view.

Allocation of State/ UT level sample to rural and urban sectors: State/ UT level sample is allocated between two sectors in proportion to population as per census 2001 with 1.5 weightage to urban sector subject to the restriction that urban sample size for bigger states like Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu etc. should not exceed the rural sample size. A minimum of 4 FSUs is allocated to each state/ UT separately for rural and urban areas. Further the State level allocations for both rural and urban have been adjusted marginally in a few cases to ensure that each stratum gets a minimum allocation of 4 FSUs.

Sampling deviation

There was no deviation from the original sampling design.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Schedule 21.1 is on domestic tourism and consists of ten blocks with two blocks, viz, Block 5 and Block 6, having two sub-blocks each, namely, Block 5.1 & Block 5.2 and Block 6.1 & Block 6.2 respectively.

Block 0: Descriptive identification of sample household Block 1 : Identification of sample household Block 2: Particulars of field operations Block 3 : Household characteristics Block 4 : Demographic and other particulars for all household members Block 5.1: Particulars of overnight trips completed by household members during last 30 days Block 5.2: Particulars of same-day trips completed by household members during last 30 days Block 6.1: Particulars of expenditure ( in Rs.) for latest 3 trips in last 30 days covered in block 5.1
Block 6.2: Particulars of aggregate expenditure ( in Rs.) for all trips in last 30 days covered in block 5.2
Block 7: Remarks by investigator/senior investigator Block 8: Comments by superintendent/ senior superintendent Block 9: Comments by other supervisory officer

In 2024, approximately 67 percent of the total population in China lived in cities. The urbanization rate has increased steadily in China over the last decades. Degree of urbanization in China Urbanization is generally defined as a process of people migrating from rural to urban areas, during which towns and cities are formed and increase in size. Even though urbanization is not exclusively a modern phenomenon, industrialization and modernization did accelerate its progress. As shown in the statistic at hand, the degree of urbanization of China, the world's second-largest economy, rose from 36 percent in 2000 to around 51 percent in 2011. That year, the urban population surpassed the number of rural residents for the first time in the country's history.The urbanization rate varies greatly in different parts of China. While urbanization is lesser advanced in western or central China, in most coastal regions in eastern China more than two-thirds of the population lives already in cities. Among the ten largest Chinese cities in 2021, six were located in coastal regions in East and South China. Urbanization in international comparison Brazil and Russia, two other BRIC countries, display a much higher degree of urbanization than China. On the other hand, in India, the country with the worlds’ largest population, a mere 36.3 percent of the population lived in urban regions as of 2023. Similar to other parts of the world, the progress of urbanization in China is closely linked to modernization. From 2000 to 2024, the contribution of agriculture to the gross domestic product in China shrank from 14.7 percent to 6.8 percent. Even more evident was the decrease of workforce in agriculture.