SOCIB Glider Missions - Canales Endurance Line - was initiated in 2011, with in kind collaboration of CSIC (IMEDEA), covering both the Mallorca and Ibiza channel in a semi-continuous operational mode and sampling physical and biogeochemical observations. The Ibiza channel is a well-established biodiversity hotspot and accordingly more intensive monitoring of the Ibiza channel is carried out to capture the mesoscale and submesoscale structures and their relation to the weekly to seasonal and annual/inter-annual variability. On the canales endurance line, ocean gliders making repeated dives from the surface to 1000 m interior of the ocean, repeating the cycle every ~5 hours, and traveling ~5 km in the horizontal during each dive. The canales endurance line is covering both the Mallorca and Ibiza channel in a semi-continuous operational mode. The glider missions typically last about 60 to 90 days, providing 6-10 sections of the Ibiza channel and 2 sections of the Mallorca channel. Since 2011 the Canales Endurance line has completed 108 glider missions, covered 53000 km over the ground, and has more than 97000 physical and biogeochemical profiles.

The Black Sea is a semi-enclosed basin with limited water exchange with the open basins and significant river discharges. These inflows are critical to the Black Sea's hydrology, nutrient availability, and ecosystem biogeochemistry. In the Black Sea, the interaction of atmospheric forcing, river discharges, and mesoscale dynamics contributes to the formation of distinct water masses. The northern part of the Black Sea has a shelf exposed to seasonal hypoxia and eutrophication. In contrast, the southern half is deep and stratified, with anoxic waters below 100 meters. These characteristics made the Black Sea an enormous meromictic sea. In the DOORS project (Developing Optimal and Open Research Support), a glider mission was conducted during the DOORS field campaign from May 6 to June 17, 2023, in the Romanian Exclusive Economic Zone. The mission covered 288 nautical miles and collected 863 physical and biogeochemical profiles down to a depth of 1000 meters. During the glider mission, we performed ten transects to the shelf and close to the Danube Cone. Each transect lasted around four days to complete, allowing us to better understand the temporal and spatial variability.

The project aims at assessing the importance of a new monitoring line across the Algerian Basin between Palma de Mallorca and the Algerian Coast. The Algerian Basin (AB) is located in the south of the Western Mediterranean Sea and is characterized by the presence of fairly fresh surface waters coming from the Atlantic (Atlantic Water- AW) and the more saline waters from the northwestern Mediterranean region interacting at different scales from basin-scale to mesoscale structures. The project aims at assessing the importance of a monitoring line across the AB between Palma de Mallorca and the Algerian coasts. ABACUS project will contribute to data collection in The Southern European Seas, one of the main EU maritime policy objectives, as outlined in the Marine Strategy Framework Directive through a multi-platform study of the mesoscale variability and main physical and biological characteristics of the AC system.

Lagrangian experiment in the Ibiza channel during Autumn 2018, aiming to use the novel CARTHE GPS drifters (low-cost, compact, practical, eco-friendly and able too track currents centered 40 cm below the surface) to validate HF-Radar (new Antenna Pattern Measurement) and WMOP surface velocities, capture all representative spatio-temporal scales of surface circulation, study dispersion of surface particles, perform HFR data assimilation experiment with WMOP.

Through the long-term monitoring program called “Canales”, gliders operated by SOCIB have been deployed in the Ibiza Channel (western Mediterranean) along a semi-continuous endurance line since 2011. During the period 2011-2024, more than 70 glider missions were successfully performed, collecting temperature and salinity profiles from the surface to 950 m depth, from which geostrophic velocities were derived. Following the methodology described in Juza et al. (2025), total and water mass geostrophic transports were then computed for each completed section. The water masses are: recent and modified Atlantic Waters (AWr and AWm, respectively), Western Intermediate Water (WIW), Levantine Intermediate Water (LIW) and Western Mediterranean Deep Water (WMDW). This dataset contains the time series of the northward (positive) and southward (negative) flows for the total, AWr, AWm, WIW, LIW and WMDW transports for each transect in the Ibiza Channel from 2011 to 2024.

This dataset is about: Physical oceanography on standard levels during SOCIB cruise SOCIB_1212. Please consult parent dataset @ https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.831923 for more information.

This data product contains Real-Time (RT) datasets from the two oceanographic campaigns of the FaSt-SWOT project (Fine-Scale ocean currents from integrated multi-platform experiments and numerical simulations: contribution to the new SWOT satellite mission), which were conducted in the Balearic Sea during spring 2023. The FaSt-SWOT experiments were designed to validate the first observations of the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite mission during its fast-sampling phase. The primary objective is to improve the characterization of oceanic fine scales (20-100 km), by integrating multi-platform in-situ observations, satellite observations, numerical models, and innovative computational techniques. The RT datasets integrate measurements from a unique set of in-situ platforms deployed during the two campaigns including data from two Slocum Gliders (owned and operated by SOCIB), data from a total of 40 surface drifters (20 HEREON and 20 CARTHE) and continuous observations from the SOCIB Research Vessel, including the thermosalinograph (sea surface temperature and salinity), weather station, CTD casts (to 500 m depth for FaSt-SWOT leg 1 and 700 m for FaSt-SWOT leg 2) and GPS positioning. All datasets have been standardized in netCDF format following the SOCIB convention and include the corresponding quality control procedures for each platform. This combined dataset aims to assess the actual capability of SWOT to map Sea Surface Height (SSH) variability across these fine-scale ranges in the Balearic Sea. Keywords: FaSt-SWOT, SWOT satellite mission, Balearic Sea, gliders, drifters, research vessel, essential ocean variables, multi-platform in-situ observations.

CTD collection

Data produced in the platform Buoy BahiaDePalma. It's compound by: Conductivity and Temperature Recorder, Current profiler, Currentmeter, Multiparameter probe, Oceanographic Buoy, Status, Waves recorder, Weather Station data

Through the long-term monitoring program called “Canales”, gliders operated by SOCIB have been deployed in the Ibiza Channel (western Mediterranean) along a semi-continuous endurance line. Since 2011, more than 70 glider missions have been successfully performed, collecting temperature and salinity profiles from the surface to 950 m depth, from which geostrophic velocities were derived. Following the methodology described in Juza et al. (2025), total and water mass geostrophic transports were then computed for each completed section. The water masses are: recent and modified Atlantic Waters (AWr and AWm, respectively), Western Intermediate Water (WIW), Levantine Intermediate Water (LIW) and Western Mediterranean Deep Water (WMDW). This dataset contains the monthly climatology of the northward (positive) and southward (negative) flows for the total, AWr, AWm, WIW, LIW and WMDW transports in the Ibiza Channel over the period 2011-2022.

HF RADAR TOTAL - Ibiza _NCProperties=version=2,netcdf=4.9.3-development,hdf5=1.12.2 area=Ibiza Channel calibration_link=FORM: ereyes@socib.es; GALF: ereyes@socib.es calibration_type=FORM: APM; GALF: APM cdm_data_type=Grid citation=These data were collated within the Copernicus Marine Service (In Situ) and EMODnet collaboration framework. Data is made freely available by the Copernicus Marine Service and the programs that contribute to it. These data are collected and processed by SOCIB (Balearic Island Coastal and Observing Forecasting System) with the support of different projects: Jerico-Next, INCREASE, CMEMS-INSTAC phase II and IBISAR comment=HFR is nowadays the unique land-based remote sensing technology providing continuous maps of near-real surface currents (0.9m) over wide areas (out of about 85 km from near shore) whit high-spatial (3 km) and temporal resolution (hourly). Two or mode HFR sites are needed for computing the map of total surface current vectors in the overlapping coverage area. Total velocities are derived using least square fit that maps radial velocities measured from individual sites onto a cartesian grid. The final product is a map of the horizontal components of the ocean currents on a regular grid in the area of overlap of two or more radar stations. Conventions=CF-1.11 Copernicus-InSituTAC-FormatManual-2.0.0 Copernicus-InSituTAC-ParametersList-3.3.0 Copernicus-InSituTAC-AttributesList-1.0.0 data_mode=R doa_estimation_method=FORM: Direction Finding; GALF: Direction Finding Easternmost_Easting=1.400685 format_version=2.0 geospatial_lat_max=39.1067 geospatial_lat_min=38.32299 geospatial_lat_resolution=0.027024482758620662 geospatial_lat_units=degrees_north geospatial_lon_max=1.400685 geospatial_lon_min=0.5038552 geospatial_lon_resolution=0.03449345384615385 geospatial_lon_units=degrees_east history=Data measured from 2026-10-20T05:30:00Z to 2026-10-20T16:30:00Z. netCDF file created at 2026-10-20T16:54:06Z by the European HFR Node. id=GL_TV_HF_HFR-Ibiza-Total_20261020 infoUrl=https://www.hfrnode.eu/ institution=SOCIB - Balearic Islands Coastal Observing and forecasting System institution_edmo_code=3410 institution_references=https://www.socib.es/ https://www.socib.es keywords_vocabulary=GCMD Science Keywords last_calibration_date=FORM: 2020-03-03T00:00:00Z; GALF: 2017-01-26T00:00:00Z manufacturer=FORM: CODAR SeaSonde, GALF: CODAR SeaSonde naming_authority=Copernicus Marine In Situ netcdf_version=netCDF-4 classic model network=HFR_Ibiza Northernmost_Northing=39.1067 platform_code=HFR-Ibiza-Total platform_name=HFR-Ibiza-Total processing_level=3B project=Jerico-Next; INCREASE; CMEMS-INSTAC phase2 references=http://marine.copernicus.eu http://www.marineinsitu.eu http://www.marineinsitu.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/HFR_Data_Model_Reference_Card_v1.pdf sensor_model=FORM: CODAR SeaSonde, GALF: CODAR SeaSonde site_code=HFR-Ibiza source=coastal structure source_platform_category_code=17 sourceUrl=(local files) Southernmost_Northing=38.32299 spatial_resolution=3.0 time_coverage_duration=P0DT11H0M0S time_coverage_end=2026-10-20T16:00:00Z time_coverage_resolution=PT1H time_coverage_start=2019-02-01T00:00:00Z update_interval=void Westernmost_Easting=0.5038552

The Argo observing network is composed of profiling floats which collect information from the ocean surface to subsurface. These floats collect vertical profiles of ocean temperature and salinity, and some also measure biogeochemical ocean properties. These data provide information about the 4-dimensional ocean, helping to understand the oceans’ role in the Earth's climate system and to improve future climate change estimates. As part of the Euro-Argo ERIC (European Research Infrastructure Consortium), SOCIB has contributed to the program in the Western Mediterranean Sea since 2011. Each year, SOCIB deploys three floats to maintain a set of five floats, distributed across the sea with an average spacing of 2 degrees. This ensures continuous observation capability. This dataset compiles SOCIB's contribution to Euro-Argo ERIC since January 2011.

Instantaneous shoreline position dataset from in-situ RTK-GNSS measurements, land-based beach imaging systems and optical remote sensing platforms

The Shoreline product provides time series of instantaneous shoreline positions from five microtidal beaches in the Balearic Islands (Spain), obtained from different observation platforms and using different shoreline extraction methods. The dataset integrates RTK-GPS measurements, shorelines derived from land-based remote sensing platforms (SIRENA and CoastSnap), and multispectral satellite imagery. A total of 3543 shorelines are included in the product.

Data sources

Platforms: human; Landsat-8; Landsat-9; Sentinel-2; CoastSnap and SIRENA video-monitoring stations managed by the Balearic Islands Coastal Observing and Forecasting System (SOCIB).

Instruments: Leica GS10 RTK-GNSS; GEOMAX Zenith60 RTK-GNSS; red de mareógrafos (REDMAR) de Puertos del Estado.

Data quality

• RTK-GNSS-derived shorelines: Accuracy and quality depend on instrument specifications and manual data cleaning. Instrumentation undergoes regular maintenance, and data processing is performed by qualified personnel following quality control procedures. The approximate horizontal and vertical positional accuracy within ±0.05 m.

• Image-derived shorelines (manual digitization): Accuracy is assessed by direct comparison with simultaneous RTK-GPS measurements, focusing on the cross-shore component using distance-based metrics. Accuracy varies depending on the site, imaging system, and distance from the camera. Overall, the approximate Root Mean Square Distance (RMSD) ranges between 1 and 3 m for microtidal sites.

• Satellite-derived shorelines: Accuracy was assessed against concurrent (±24 h) RTK-GPS and manually digitized shorelines. Both Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8/9 achieved sub-pixel accuracy, with RMSD values of approximately 4–8 m for Sentinel-2 and 11–13 m for Landsat 8/9 within the CoastSat pipeline (regionally self-trained models).

• AI-derived image shorelines: Accuracy is assessed against manually digitized shorelines, with MAD values ranging from 2.6 to 3.4 m, approaching the uncertainty associated with expert manual digitization.

Spatial and Temporal coverage

Contact information

For further technical inquiries or additional information about the dataset, please contact mobims@socib.es

Related works

Oliver-Sansó, J., Soriano-González, J., Varona, J., Moyà-Alcover, G., Sánchez-García, E. (2026). Automating shoreline extraction from beach imaging systems for coastal monitoring. Environmental Modelling & Software, 107078, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2026.107078" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2026.107078.

González-Villanueva, R., Soriano-González, J., Alejo, I., Criado-Sudau, F., Plomaritis, T., Fernàndez-Mora, À., Benavente, J., Del Río, L., Nombela, M. Á., and Sánchez-García, E. (2023). SCShores: a comprehensive shoreline dataset of Spanish sandy beaches from a citizen-science monitoring programme, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4613–4629, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4613-2023.

CTD collection

The aim of this experiment was to assess the operational HF radar surface current velocities in the Ibiza Channel in a Lagrangian framework, by comparing against surface drifter derived velocities"

The data set consists of real-time continuous coastal ocean surface current maps in the Ibiza Channel (Western Mediterranean) averaged over a time interval of 1 hour around the cardinal hour, measured by the coastal High-Frequency Radars installed. Surface ocean velocities estimated by HF Radar are representative of the upper 0.9 meters of the ocean for a central frequency of 13.5 MHz. acknowledgement=Ministerio de ciencia e innovacion (http://www.ciencia.gob.es/portal/site/MICINN/). Govern de les Illes Balears (http://www.caib.es/). The network has been designed, implemented and managed through the efforts of SOCIB. The collection of this datasets was partially supported by the Jerico Next (H2020) and CMEMS-SE and INCREASE projects. area=Ibiza Channel calibration_link=FORM: ereyes@socib.es, GALF: ereyes@socib.es calibration_type=FORM: APM, GALF: APM cdm_data_type=Grid citation=These data were collected and made freely available by the EuroGOOS European HFR Node. These data are collected and processed by SOCIB (Balearic Island Coastal and Observing Forecasting System) with the support of different projects: Jerico-Next, INCREASE, CMEMS-INSTAC phase II and IBISAR comment=HFR is nowadays the unique land-based remote sensing technology providing continuous maps of near-real surface currents (0.9m) over wide areas (out of about 85 km from near shore) whit high-spatial (3 km) and temporal resolution (hourly). Two or mode HFR sites are needed for computing the map of total surface current vectors in the overlapping coverage area. Total velocities are derived using least square fit that maps radial velocities measured from individual sites onto a cartesian grid. The final product is a map of the horizontal components of the ocean currents on a regular grid in the area of overlap of two or more radar stations. contributor_email=glopez@socib.es;ereyes@socib.es contributor_name=Guiomar Lopez;Emma Reyes contributor_role=HFR expert; HFR expert Conventions=CF-1.11, EuroGOOS European HFR Node, COARDS, ACDD-1.3 data_assembly_center=European HFR Node data_character_set=utf8 data_language=eng data_mode=R data_type=HF radar total current data distribution_statement=These data are public and free of charge. User assumes all risk for use of data. User must display citation in any publication or product using data. User must contact PI prior to any commercial use of data. doa_estimation_method=FORM: Direction Finding, GALF: Direction Finding Easternmost_Easting=1.400685 format_version=v3 geospatial_lat_max=39.1067 geospatial_lat_min=38.32299 geospatial_lat_resolution=0.027024482758620662 geospatial_lat_units=degrees_north geospatial_lon_max=1.400685 geospatial_lon_min=0.5038552 geospatial_lon_resolution=0.03449345384615385 geospatial_lon_units=degrees_east history=Data collected at 2026-10-21T09:00:00Z. netCDF file created at 2026-10-21T09:54:09Z by the European HFR Node. id=HFR-Ibiza-Total_2026-10-21T09:00:00Z infoUrl=https://www.hfrnode.eu/ institution=SOCIB - Balearic Islands Coastal Observing and forecasting System institution_edmo_code=3410 institution_references=https://www.socib.es/, https://www.socib.es keywords_vocabulary=GCMD Science Keywords last_calibration_date=FORM: 2020-03-03T00:00:00Z, GALF: 2017-01-26T00:00:00Z manufacturer=FORM: CODAR SeaSonde, GALF: CODAR SeaSonde metadata_character_set=utf8 metadata_contact=lorenzo.corgnati@sp.ismar.cnr.it metadata_date_stamp=2026-10-21T09:54:09Z metadata_language=eng naming_authority=eu.hfrnode netcdf_format=NETCDF4_CLASSIC netcdf_version=4.9.3 network=HFR_Ibiza Northernmost_Northing=39.1067 platform_code=HFR-Ibiza-Total processing_level=3B project=Jerico-Next; INCREASE; CMEMS-INSTAC phase2 qc_manual=Recommendation Report 2 on improved common procedures for HFR QC analysis: https://dx.doi.org/10.25607/OBP-944 reference_system=EPSG:4326 references=Recommendation Report 2 on improved common procedures for HFR QC analysis: https://dx.doi.org/10.25607/OBP-944 sensor_model=FORM: CODAR SeaSonde, GALF: CODAR SeaSonde site_code=HFR-Ibiza software_name=EU_HFR_NODE_NRTprocessor software_version=v3 source=coastal structure source_platform_category_code=17 sourceUrl=(local files) Southernmost_Northing=38.32299 standard_name_vocabulary=CF Standard Name Table v70 testOutOfDate=now-1day time_coverage_duration=PT1H time_coverage_end=2026-10-21T09:00:00Z time_coverage_resolution=PT1H time_coverage_start=2018-12-01T00:00:00Z topic_category=oceans update_interval=void Westernmost_Easting=0.5038552

Vessel SOCIB(IMO:9664861,MMSI:225950380). HiFleet

CoreTrustSeal certification

Synthetic particles trajectories were initialized on the model grid, spaced 0.0038 degrees in latitude and 0.0048 degrees in longitude, yielding roughly 400-m resolution. The grid is 527 (longitude) x 462 (latitude) and roughly covers part of the Alboran Sea; 213934 of these locations have valid trajectories, while the rest are launch grid points on land. Particles were advected with a fourth order Runge-Kutta scheme with a 10-minute time step. The position vector was augmented with the strain tensor components. The underlying velocity field was taken from the surface layer of the 3-hourly archive of a 1-month free run of the Western Mediterranean Operational Forecasting System, an implementation of the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) maintained by SOCIB. For the computation, archived velocities were linearly interpolated. Positions and strain tensor components are stored hourly, along with flags indicating when synthetic particles have reached either the model coast or an open boundary cell in the model.

This dataset supports the publication “Conditions for Reliable Divergence Estimates from Drifter Triplets” by Huntley et al (2022). The dataset contains the modeled drifter trajectories and a list of the observed CALYPSO drifter trajectories used in the work to ascertain the usefulness of the results. The full set of CALYPSO drifters can be found at https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/gdp/index.php.

CALYPSO (Coherent Lagrangian Pathways from the Surface Ocean to Interior) is an ONR Departmental Research Initiative that addresses the challenge of observing, understanding and predicting the three-dimensional pathways by which water from the surface ocean makes its way into the deeper ocean. Discovering the routes by which trace substances, phytoplankton, and dissolved gases like oxygen, are transported vertically, as they are also carried horizontally by oceanic currents, is the goal of this research. An innovative set of observational techniques are being used, along with process study models, predictive models, and data synthesis, to identify coherent pathways for vertical transport and to diagnose and predict the physical processes that underlie such subduction.