The median age in Vietnam was 31 years in 2020, meaning that half the population was younger than this at the time, and half older. This figure has increased since its low point in 1970, which was likely due to the Vietnam War. The median age is expected to increase to 49.3 years by 2100. Age structure The age structure in Vietnam changes slowly as people get older. This suggests that other demographic indicators are also slow to evolve, which in turn points to stability. This fact is convenient for policy makers, who can then rely on a consistent ratio of pensioners and students to workers. This is helpful in taxation and allocation of government spending. However, it also points to slow inprovement in indicators such as life expectancy. Economic implications Given Vietnam’s Communist government, it is not surprising that a large portion of its gross domestic product (GDP) comes from government expenditures. As such, the country needs a broad tax base. Since people’s earning potential rises with age until they retire, a relatively high median age is necessary to bear this tax burden. A low unemployment rate further bolsters this effect. This implies that the current demographic situation in Vietnam is sustainable.

Vietnam VN: Age Dependency Ratio: % of Working-Age Population: Young data was reported at 33.043 % in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 32.967 % for 2016. Vietnam VN: Age Dependency Ratio: % of Working-Age Population: Young data is updated yearly, averaging 67.118 % from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2017, with 58 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 87.060 % in 1968 and a record low of 32.894 % in 2014. Vietnam VN: Age Dependency Ratio: % of Working-Age Population: Young data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Vietnam – Table VN.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Age dependency ratio, young, is the ratio of younger dependents--people younger than 15--to the working-age population--those ages 15-64. Data are shown as the proportion of dependents per 100 working-age population.; ; World Bank staff estimates based on age distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects: 2017 Revision.; Weighted average;

In 2023, the singulate mean age at marriage (SMAM) was at 27.2 years in Vietnam. In the same year, the SMAM of Vietnamese males stood at 29.3 years, while that of females was 25.1 years. Overall, people tend to get married slightly later over the years in the country.

In 2023, the population density of Vietnam was around 303 people per square kilometer of land area. In that year, Vietnam's total population reached approximately 100.3 million. The country is among those with the highest population density in the Asia Pacific region, ranking 11th in 2020. Population density in Vietnam In comparison, Vietnam’s population density is roughly twice as much as China and Indonesia. The average population density in the world is at 59 inhabitants per square kilometer. The largest population within the country can be found in the Red River Delta and the Mekong River Delta. The most populated city is Ho Chi Minh City with roughly nine million inhabitants. Population growth in Vietnam Vietnam’s total population was forecast to surpass 100 million by 2050. Traditionally, Vietnamese families had an average of six children, while today, the birth rate is at two children per woman. This is due to an improving economy and higher living standards. In 2020, the population growth in Vietnam reached 0.90 percent, down from about three percent in the 1960s.

In 2022, the urban population in Vietnam stood at approximately 37.4 million people. The six largest urban agglomerations include Hanoi, Hai Phong, Da Nang, Bien Hoa, Ho Chi Minh City, and Can Tho. On the other hand, Ben Tre, Thai Binh, and Bac Giang had the lowest rates of urbanization in the country.

Urbanization in Vietnam

The rapid urbanization in Vietnam results in a disproportionate population density between its urban and rural areas. For instance, in 2022, Ho Chi Minh City recorded a population density of 4,481 inhabitants per square kilometer, nearly 15 times the country's average population density in the same year. The urban population is consistently increasing due to the country’s economic reforms and infrastructure development, as well as higher living standards. For example, the monthly income per capita in urban areas is nearly half as much as that in rural areas. Nevertheless, the poverty rate in Vietnam has been consistently diminishing each year, roughly at 4.2 percent as of 2022.

Urban infrastructure in Vietnam

Vietnam has made significant progress in developing its urban infrastructure, especially in major cities like Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. The expansion of highways, seaports, and airports has enhanced domestic and international connectivity, as well as greatly contributed to the country’s logistic industry. For instance, Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City are developing a metro system which is expected to be put into operation in 2024. The country has also invested in modern healthcare facilities, schools, and commercial centers. However, challenges such as traffic jams, limited public transportation services, and environmental pollution still require significant efforts to meet the growing demands of the Vietnamese urban population.

Vietnam VN: Age Dependency Ratio: % of Working-Age Population: Old data was reported at 10.245 % in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 9.892 % for 2016. Vietnam VN: Age Dependency Ratio: % of Working-Age Population: Old data is updated yearly, averaging 9.933 % from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2017, with 58 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 10.596 % in 1970 and a record low of 8.563 % in 1960. Vietnam VN: Age Dependency Ratio: % of Working-Age Population: Old data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Vietnam – Table VN.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Age dependency ratio, old, is the ratio of older dependents--people older than 64--to the working-age population--those ages 15-64. Data are shown as the proportion of dependents per 100 working-age population.; ; World Bank staff estimates based on age distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects: 2017 Revision.; Weighted average;

Vietnam VN: Age Dependency Ratio: % of Working-Age Population data was reported at 43.288 % in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 42.859 % for 2016. Vietnam VN: Age Dependency Ratio: % of Working-Age Population data is updated yearly, averaging 77.155 % from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2017, with 58 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 97.459 % in 1968 and a record low of 42.242 % in 2013. Vietnam VN: Age Dependency Ratio: % of Working-Age Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Vietnam – Table VN.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Age dependency ratio is the ratio of dependents--people younger than 15 or older than 64--to the working-age population--those ages 15-64. Data are shown as the proportion of dependents per 100 working-age population.; ; World Bank staff estimates based on age distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects: 2017 Revision.; Weighted average; Relevance to gender indicator: this indicator implies the dependency burden that the working-age population bears in relation to children and the elderly. Many times single or widowed women who are the sole caregiver of a household have a high dependency ratio.

In 2023, the life expectancy at birth of Vietnamese men was estimated at 71.1 years. Meanwhile, Vietnamese women tend to live longer, around 76.5 years on average. In that year, the general life expectancy of the Vietnamese population was around 73.3 years.

Vietnam VN: Population: Female: Ages 25-29: % of Female Population data was reported at 9.078 % in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 9.083 % for 2016. Vietnam VN: Population: Female: Ages 25-29: % of Female Population data is updated yearly, averaging 8.417 % from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2017, with 58 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 9.083 % in 2015 and a record low of 5.279 % in 1972. Vietnam VN: Population: Female: Ages 25-29: % of Female Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Vietnam – Table VN.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Female population between the ages 25 to 29 as a percentage of the total female population.; ; World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects: 2017 Revision.; ;

This line chart displays median age (year) by date using the aggregation average, weighted by population in Vietnam. The data is about countries per year.

In 2022, the working-age population in Vietnam amounted to approximately 75.9 million people. In that year, the population of Vietnam exceeded 100.3 million inhabitants.

This scatter chart displays male population (people) against median age (year) in Vietnam. The data is filtered where the date is 2021. The data is about countries per year.

In 2023, the working-age population in Vietnam amounted to approximately 77.4 million people. In that year, the population of Vietnam exceeded 101 million inhabitants.

Vietnam VN: Population: as % of Total: Male: Aged 15-64 data was reported at 70.182 % in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 70.399 % for 2016. Vietnam VN: Population: as % of Total: Male: Aged 15-64 data is updated yearly, averaging 56.334 % from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2017, with 58 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 70.730 % in 2013 and a record low of 50.299 % in 1968. Vietnam VN: Population: as % of Total: Male: Aged 15-64 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Vietnam – Table VN.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Male population between the ages 15 to 64 as a percentage of the total male population. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship.; ; World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects: 2017 Revision.; Weighted average;

This scatter chart displays median age (year) against birth rate (per 1,000 people) in Vietnam. The data is about countries per year.

In 2023, the infant mortality rate in rural areas of Vietnam reached 12.8 deaths per one thousand live births, which was almost double that of urban areas. The country's average mortality rate was approximately 11.6 deaths per one thousand live births.

Vietnam: Prevalence of HIV, percent of the population ages 15-49: The latest value from 2022 is 0.3 percent, unchanged from 0.3 percent in 2021. In comparison, the world average is 1.66 percent, based on data from 135 countries. Historically, the average for Vietnam from 1990 to 2022 is 0.29 percent. The minimum value, 0.1 percent, was reached in 1990 while the maximum of 0.4 percent was recorded in 2008.

Tabla de INEbase Población y edad media por sexo y país de nacionalidad. Anual. Comunidades y Ciudades Autónomas. Censo de Población

Abstract

The 1997 Viemam Demographic and Health Survey (VNDHS-II) is a nationally representative survey of 5,664 ever-married women age 15-49 selected from 205 sampling clusters throughout Vietnam. The VNDHS-II was designed to provide information on levels of fertility, family planning knowledge and use, infant and child mortality, and indicators of maternal and child health. The survey included a Community/Health Facility Questionnaire that was implemented in each of the sample clusters included in the women's survey. Fieldwork for the survey took place from July to October 1997. All provinces were separated into "project" and "non-project" groups to permit separate estimates for about one-third of provinces where the health infrastructure is being upgraded.

The primary objectives of the second Vietnam National Demographic and Health Survey (VNDHS-II) in 1997 were to provide up-to-date information on fertility levels, fertility preferences, awareness and use of family planning methods, breastfeeding practices, early childhood mortality, child health and knowledge of AIDS.

VNDHS-II data confirm the patterns of declining fertility and increasing use of contraception that were observed between the 1988 VNDHS-I and the 1994 lntercensal Demographic Survey (ICDS-94).

Geographic coverage

The 1997 Viemam Demographic and Health Survey (VNDHS-II) is a nationally representative survey. Itwas designed to provide separate estimates for the whole country, for urban and rural areas, for 18 project provinces, and for the remaining non-project provinces as well. Project provinces refer to 18 focus provinces targeted for the strengthening of their primary health care systems by the Government's Population and Family Health Project to be implemented over a period of seven years, from 1996 to 2002 (At the outset of this project there were 15 focus provinces, which became 18 by the creation of 3 new provinces from the initial set of 15). These provinces were selected according to criteria based on relatively low health and family planning status, no substantial family planning donor presence, and regional spread. These criteria resulted in the selection of the country's poorer provinces. Nine of these provinces have significant proportions of ethnic minorities among their population.

Analysis unit

• Household
• Women age 15-49

Universe

The population covered by the 1997 VNDHS is defined as the universe of all women age 15-49 in Vietnam.

Kind of data

Sample survey data

Sampling procedure

The Second Vietnam Demographic and Health Survey (VNDHS-1I) covers the population residing in private households in the country. The design for the VNDHS-II calls for a representative probability sample of approximately 5,500 completed individual interviews of ever-married women between the ages of 15 and 49. It was designed principally to produce reliable estimates of demographic rates (particularly fertility and childhood mortality rates), of maternal and child health indicators, and of contraceptive knowledge and use, for the country as a whole, for urban and the rural areas separately, and for the group of 18 project provinces. These 18 provinces are in the following geographic regions:

Six of the 18 project provinces are new provinces that will, in the near future, be formed out of three old provinces: Bac Can and Thai, Nguyen from Bac Thai; Hai Duong and Hung Yen from Hal Hung; Nam Dinh and Ha Nam from Nam Ha.

Northern Uplands: Tuyen Quang, Lai Chau, Lao Cai, Bac Can and Thai Nguyen.
Red River Delta: Hai Phong, Hai Duong, Hung Yen, Nam Dinh and Ha Nam.
North Central: Thanh Hoa and Thua Thien-Hue.
Central Highlands: Dac Lac and Lam Dong.
Mekong River Delta: Dong Thap, Vinh Long, Tra Vinh and Kien Giang.

Since the formation of the new provinces has not been formalized and no population data exist for them, this report will only refer to 15 project provinces out of 53 provinces in Vietnam (instead of 18 project provinces out of 61 provinces).

SAMPLING FRAME

The sampling frame for the VNDHS-II was the sample of the 1996 Vietnam Multi-Round Survey (VNMRS), conducted bi-annually by the General Statistical Office (GSO). A thorough evaluation of this sample was necessary to ensure that the sample was representative of the country, before it was used for the VNDHS-II.

The sample design for the VNMRS was developed by GSO with technical assistance provided by Mr. Anthony Turney, sampling specialist of the United Nations Statistics Division. The VNMRS sample was stratified and selected in two stages. Within each province, stratification was geographic by urban- rural residence. Sample selection was done independently for each province.

In the first stage, primary sampling units (PSUs) corresponding to communes (rural areas) and blocks (urban areas) were selected using equal probability systematic random selection (EPSEM), since no recent population data on communes and blocks existed that could be used for selection with probability proportional to size. The assumption underlying the decision to use EPSEM was that, within each province, the majority of communes and blocks vary little in population size, with the exception of a few communes; i.e., within each province, most communes and blocks have a population size that is close to the average for the province. In each province, the number of selected communes/blocks was proportional to the urban-rural population in the province. The total number of communes/blocks selected for the VNMRS was 1,662 with tbe number of communes/blocks in each province varying from 26 to 43 according to the size of the province. After the communes/blocks were selected, a field operation was mounted by GSO to create enumeration areas (EAs) in each selected commune/block. The number of EAs that was created in each commune/block was based on the number of households in the commune/block divided by the standard EA size which was set at 150 households. The list of EAs for the whole province was then ordered geographically by commune/block and used for the second stage selection. Thirty EAs were selected in each province with equal probability from a random start, for a total of 1,590 EAs. Because of this method of systematic random selection, communes/blocks that were large in size had one or rnore EAs selected into the sample while communes/blocks that were very small in size were excluded from the sample. In each selected EA, all households were interviewed for the VNMRS.

To evaluate the representativity of the VNMRS, EA weights were calculated based on the selection probability at tile various sampling stages of the VNMRS: also, the percent distribution of households in the VNMRS across urban/rural strata and provinces was estimated and compared with the percent distribution of the 1996 population across the same strata. The distribution obtaiued from the VNMRS agrees closely with that of the 1996 population

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VNDHS-II SAMPLE

The sample for the VNDHS-II was stratified and selected in two stages. There were two principal sampling domains: the group of 15 project provinces and the group of other provinces. In the group of project provinces, all 15 provinces were included in the salnple. At the first stage. 70 PSUs corresponding to the EAs as defined in the VNMRS were selected from the VNMRS with equal probability, the size of the EA in the VNMRS being very uniform. and hence sampling with probability proportional to size (PPS) was not necessary. The list of households interviewed for the VNMRS (updated when necessary) were used as the frame for the second-stage sampling, in which households were selected for interview during the main survey fieldwork. Ever-married women between the ages of 15 and 49 were identified in these households and interviewed.

In the group of other provinces, an additional stage was added in order to reduce field costs although this might increase sampling errors. In the first stage, 20 provinces, serving as PSUs. were selected with PPS. the size being the population of the provinces estimated in 1997. In the second stage, 135 secondary sampling units corresponding to the EAs were selected in the same manner as for the project provinces.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face

Research instrument

Three types of questionnaires were used in the VNDHS-II: the Household Questionnaire, the Individual Questionnaire, and the Community/Health Facility Questionnaire. A draft of the first two questionnaires was prepared using the DHS Model A Questionnaire. A user workshop was organized to discuss the contents of the questionnaires. Additions and modifications to the draft of the questionnaires were made after the user workshop and in consultation with staff from Macro International Inc., and with members of the Technical Working Group, who were convened for the purpose of providing technical assistance to the GSO in planning and conducting the survey. The questionnaires were developed in English and translated into and printed in Vietnamese. The draft questionnaires were pretested in two clusters in Hanoi City (one urban and one rural cluster).

a) The Household Questionnaire was used to enumerate all usual members and visitors in selected households and to collect information on age, sex, education, marital status, and relationship to the head of household. The main purpose of the Household Questionnaire was to identify women eligible for the individual interview (ever-married women age 15-49). In addition, the Household Questionnaire collected information on characteristics of the household such as the source of water, type of toilet facilities, material used for the floor and roof,

In 2022, around 8.5 percent of the population in Vietnam was at least 65 years old, indicating an increase from the previous year. In the same year, the share of Vietnamese citizens aged between 15 and 64 years was approximately 67.4 percent.