The median annual gross salary in the UK's finance and insurance sector showed significant gender differences in 2024. Male full-time workers earned 59,651 British pounds, while their female counterparts earned 43,543 British pounds. The gender pay gap was smaller in the real estate sector, where male full-time employees earned 43,543 British pounds annually, compared to 32,679 British pounds for women.

In 2023, the median annual gross salary in the financial services sector in the United Kingdom (UK) stood at roughly 50,510 British pounds. Among all sectors considered in this statistic, real estate services presented the lowest annual gross salary, with roughly 29,732 British pounds.

The median annual earnings for full-time employees in the financial and insurance activities sector in the United Kingdom was 52,247 British pounds in 2024, compared with 48,197 pounds in the previous year.

In 2024, the average annual full-time earnings for the top ten percent of earners in the United Kingdom was 72,150 British pounds, compared with 22,763 for the bottom ten percent of earners. As of this year, the average annual earnings for all full-time employees was 37,430 pounds, up from 34,963 pounds in the previous year. Strong wage growth continues in 2025 As of February 2025, wages in the UK were growing by approximately 5.9 percent compared with the previous year, with this falling to 5.6 percent if bonus pay is included. When adjusted for inflation, regular pay without bonuses grew by 2.1 percent, with overall pay including bonus pay rising by 1.9 percent. While UK wages have now outpaced inflation for almost two years, there was a long period between 2021 and 2023 when high inflation in the UK was rising faster than wages, one of the leading reasons behind a severe cost of living crisis at the time. UK's gender pay gap falls in 2024 For several years, the difference between average hourly earnings for men and women has been falling, with the UK's gender pay gap dropping to 13.1 percent in 2024, down from 27.5 percent in 1997. When examined by specific industry sectors, however, the discrepancy between male and female earnings can be much starker. In the financial services sector, for example, the gender pay gap was almost 30 percent, with professional, scientific and technical professions also having a relatively high gender pay gap rate of 20 percent.

The change between the original salary and the new salary offer for financial sector professionals on the London job market in the United Kingdom peaked during the third quarter of 2021. During that quarter, professionals securing new jobs in achieved the highest salary increase between their original and the new position, with a 22 percent change. As of the last quarter of 2022, the average salary change when changing positions was 21 percent.

Average weekly earnings at sector level including manufacturing, finance and services, Great Britain, monthly, non-seasonally adjusted. Monthly Wages and Salaries Survey.

Annual gender pay gap estimates for UK employees by age, occupation, industry, full-time and part-time, region and other geographies, and public and private sector. Compiled from the Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings.

Financial leasing revenue is expected to remain flat over the five years through 2024-25, sitting at £16.1 billion, including growth of 5.2% in 2024-25. Financial lessors have navigated a turbulent environment over recent years, responding to aggressive rate hikes from the Bank of England ratcheting up borrowing costs. The regulatory climate has also seen significant changes, with financial lessors seeing their accounting and reporting costs climb following changes to the International Accounting Standards. This involved putting leases of more than one year on the balance sheet of the lessee. A rising base rate environment through 2023-24 amid spiralling inflation has aided interest income despite demand being softened by subdued economic growth. Interest rates remained high in 2023-24 as inflation proved sticky, lifting interest income for each transaction, but softening demand as lessees faced greater interest payments, dampening revenue growth. Making things worse, lessors may choose to bear the brunt of interest rate hikes to sustain demand, threatening profitability. In 2024-25, with inflation contained, interest rates will continue coming down, supporting leasing activity through a reduction in interest payments for lessees. However, regulatory changes related to Basel III introductions and new International Accounting Standards will weigh on the average industry profit margin, though they have benefited the Financial Leasing industry's reputation. Lessors have also been proactive in limiting exposure to changes in the value of the pound, which has been particularly volatile in recent years. Lessors entering into forward contracts to lock in exchange rates for a future date have been better able to fend of fluctuations in the pound, supporting profitability. Financial leasing revenue is expected to grow at a compound annual rate of 4.3% to reach £19.9 billion. The higher base rate environment will become the norm for financial lessors, forcing them to adapt to higher borrowing costs to maintain healthy profit. Compliance with legislative changes related to Brexit will also place pressure on profitability. However, the delay of the Basel III reforms will provide banks with flexibility when lending, feeding into lower borrower costs for lessors and supporting profit. The rise of financial technology will also spur technological innovation related to big data analysis for data collected from asset monitoring systems.

As of the first quarter of 2025, wages in the UK's construction services sector grew by approximately 7.5 percent compared with the same quarter of 2023, with wages growing by 5.3 percent overall.

United Kingdom (FDI) Foreign Direct Investment: Inward: NE: USA: Financial Svcs data was reported at 10,382.000 GBP mn in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 10,556.000 GBP mn for 2015. United Kingdom (FDI) Foreign Direct Investment: Inward: NE: USA: Financial Svcs data is updated yearly, averaging 9,158.000 GBP mn from Dec 2012 (Median) to 2016, with 5 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 10,556.000 GBP mn in 2015 and a record low of 7,904.000 GBP mn in 2014. United Kingdom (FDI) Foreign Direct Investment: Inward: NE: USA: Financial Svcs data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office for National Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s UK – Table UK.O015: BPM6: Foreign Direct Investment: Inward: Net Earnings: By Region and Industry.

Over the five years through 2024-25, revenue is expected to edge upward at a compound annual rate of 1.4%. Demand is affected by disposable income levels, the national savings rate, macroeconomic conditions and demographic trends. The industry has been subject to intense consolidation activity in recent years, with many larger companies acquiring smaller competitors. Several major companies, including Tilney Group and Smith & Williamson, merged in September 2020, creating one of the largest financial adviser companies in the UK, Quilter PLC. Thanks to this consolidation, the industry's market share concentration has ballooned, but the sea of independent advisors has stayed in the game. In 2024-25, revenue is projected to jump by 2.3% to £7.13 billion. Demand for financial advisers has been growing strongly, with more consumers seeking better advice on managing their resources as scars from the income drops of the COVID-19 pandemic and cost-of-living crisis jolted awareness for the need for financial advice. Alongside this, interest rates have jumped up and down, causing consumers and businesses to spring at opportunities to make the most out of turbulent conditions. However, profit is unlikely to recover to pre-COVID-19 levels as intensifying price-based competition and high regulation constrain the average industry profit margin. Inflationary pressures and economic instability that are clouding financial market health slashed demand for financial advisory services, but discretionary spending for advisors follows suit as economic stability approaches. Revenue is forecast to advance at a compound annual rate of 4.1% over the five years through 2029-30 to £8.7 billion. Funds under management will bloom as new businesses take root and downstream markets increasingly realise the importance of carefully managing their resources. The use of technology to provide services will be vital for increasing demand, particularly from younger consumers with data insights at the core of financial advice. However, the emergence of robo-advisers threatens to replace human advisor services unless they can offer better returns for investors. Brexit allows for the review and improvement of industry regulations, offering more confidence and security. Growth could be constrained by regulatory costs and mounting competition as a number of new players enter the industry, with fees continuing to be threatened.

Volatility in financial markets has been high in recent years, which has, at times, benefitted the brokerage industry through greater trading activity as investors look to capitalise on price swings. Most notably, the COVID-19 pandemic, the Ukraine conflict and aggressive interest hikes from Central Banks facing rampant inflation have incited severe volatility. Revenue is expected to grow at a compound annual rate of 2.7% over the five years through 2023-24 to £38.1 billion, including estimated growth of 3.9% in 2023-24. Although volatility can benefit the industry, it can also deter investors, incentivising them to delay investments until economic uncertainty subsides. In recent years, uncertainty has mainly stemmed from the aggressive interest rate hikes and their expected trajectory, hitting stock and bond markets in 2022 and hurting trading activity. Although interest rate uncertainty persisted going into 2023-24, stock markets improved thanks to exceptional growth from large-cap tech stocks and a sharp rally at the end of the year as investors bet on the end of rate hikes. Competition has softened as considerable consolidation activity has occurred between SMEs in the brokerage industry. However, the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive II has ramped up operating costs for brokerage firms, hurting profitability. Continued investment in software to help automate compliance procedures have benefitted margins, although the brokerage industry remains labour-intensive. Revenue is forecast to grow at a compound annual rate of 3.5% over the five years through 2028-29 to £45.2 billion, while the average industry profit margin is expected to reach 24.8%. The market narrative for interest rates is higher for longer, weighing on stock markets and hitting demand for brokers as trading activity slows. However, rate cuts are expected to occur in the second half of 2024-25, supporting bond values and stocks driving revenue growth in the short term. Further regulations related to Basel III are set to come into force in January 2025, adding pressure to brokers' operating costs. Due to Brexit, large international brokers are also shifting employees to overseas domiciles, adding downward pressure to revenue growth.

Pension funds are undergoing a period of change. The past decade has marked a shift from defined benefit (DB) to defined contribution (DC) schemes dominating the industry, due to the financial burden DB schemes place on employers. Growing longevity risk, stemming from rising life expectancy has also been a contributing factor. Revenue is expected to fall by 8.5% over the five years through 2024-25 to £125 billion, including estimated growth of 3.1% in 2024-25, while the average industry profit margin is anticipated to be 32%.

Pension funds were rocked in late 2022, when gilt yields skyrocketed amid the fire-sale of the asset following the September mini-budget. This resulted in pension funds rushing to meet margin calls as the value of their assets plummeted, further contributing to the sale of gilts as they sought to raise funds, feeding into a vicious cycle of plummeting gilt values until the Bank of England stepped in. Capital markets left a lot to be desired going into 2023-24 as rising interest rates and the potential for a recession hit investment income and contributed to revenue growth falling by 9.4%. However, the prospect of rate cuts triggered capital inflows towards stock and bond markets at the tail-end of the year, stemming the drop in revenue somewhat. In 2024-25, the higher interest rate environment will aid investment income and drive revenue growth in 2024-25. Pension funds' revenue is forecast to grow at a compound annual rate of 5.5% over the five years through 2029-30 to reach £163.7 billion, while the average industry profit margin is forecast to reach 34.6%. In the coming years, the higher base rate environment will support a shift towards funding surpluses, resulting in lower contributions and aiding profit. The new Pension Funding code will also allow pension schemes to take on more risk when investing their surplus funds, driving investment income. The gilt crisis that shook the pension market in 2022-23 has had long-lasting effects, with pension funds now better prepared for rising yields from shifting more assets to LDI portfolios. However, with interest rates likely peaking in the term, pension funds will slowly shift back to high-return investments like equity.

Over the five years through 2024-25, revenue has rocketed at a compound annual rate of 14.5% to £2.3 billion. The Online Stock Brokerages industry has gained users quickly, as many investors left their brokers and started trading online. The online space offered a quick and easy way for less knowledgeable people to start investing and experienced traders to get real-time updates. Recovered incomes, volatile stock markets, an increasing number of mobile connections and a growing appetite for online stock trading have fuelled revenue growth. The online stock brokerage industry experienced a rapid upward shift in revenue during the 2020-21 market volatility caused by the pandemic, rewarding commission-free platforms like Trading212. The sector managed to capitalise on surging and declining phases. Innovations became critical, with brokerages like Trading212, FreeTrade and eToro introducing attractive features to win over customers, like replicating other trade moves. Despite the sector's vulnerability during the sharp sink of Bitcoin in 2022, its subsequent rebound in 2024-25 brought renewed prospects. Offering stocks and shares ISAs and SIPPs helped certain brokerages attract more tax-savvy customers. Simultaneously, intense price competition saw various platforms reduce their commissions to lure new users, leading to a climb in revenue of 7.7% in 2024-25. Over the five years through 2029-30, revenue is set to push up at a compound annual rate of 7.9% to £3.3 billion. Investor uncertainty will weaken as macro-headwinds subside and stock markets worldwide stabilise. The value of UK and US stock markets is forecast to strengthen, enticing traders to online platforms. As UK business profits recover due to stability, businesses can manage costs efficiently, leading to increased returns and more trade commissions for online stock brokers. The brokerage industry faces fierce price competition, with companies reducing commissions to attract and retain users alongside developing novel product offerings, like AI insights and advice, ISAs, extended trading hour products and tight cybersecurity. The average profit margin is expected to improve as industry entrants, including eToro (UK) Ltd, become profitable after years of significant losses resulting from investing heavily in R&D and marketing to attract users.

Lucror Analytics: Proprietary Fixed Income Data for Credit Quality & Bond Valuation

At Lucror Analytics, we provide cutting-edge corporate data solutions tailored to fixed income professionals and organizations in the financial sector. Our datasets encompass issuer and issue-level credit quality, bond fair value metrics, and proprietary scores designed to offer nuanced, actionable insights into global bond markets that help you stay ahead of the curve. Covering over 3,300 global issuers and over 80,000 bonds, we empower our clients to make data-driven decisions with confidence and precision.

By leveraging our proprietary C-Score, V-Score , and V-Score I models, which utilize CDS and OAS data, we provide unparalleled granularity in credit analysis and valuation. Whether you are a portfolio manager, credit analyst, or institutional investor, Lucror’s data solutions deliver actionable insights to enhance strategies, identify mispricing opportunities, and assess market trends.

What Makes Lucror’s Fixed Income Data Unique?

Proprietary Credit and Valuation Models Our proprietary C-Score, V-Score, and V-Score I are designed to provide a deeper understanding of credit quality and bond valuation:

C-Score: A composite score (0-100) reflecting an issuer's credit quality based on market pricing signals such as CDS spreads. Responsive to near-real-time market changes, the C-Score offers granular differentiation within and across credit rating categories, helping investors identify mispricing opportunities.

V-Score: Measures the deviation of an issue’s option-adjusted spread (OAS) from the market fair value, indicating whether a bond is overvalued or undervalued relative to the market.

V-Score I: Similar to the V-Score but benchmarked against industry-specific fair value OAS, offering insights into relative valuation within an industry context.

Comprehensive Global Coverage Our datasets cover over 3,300 issuers and 80,000 bonds across global markets, ensuring 90%+ overlap with prominent IG and HY benchmark indices. This extensive coverage provides valuable insights into issuers across sectors and geographies, enabling users to analyze issuer and market dynamics comprehensively.

Data Customization and Flexibility We recognize that different users have unique requirements. Lucror Analytics offers tailored datasets delivered in customizable formats, frequencies, and levels of granularity, ensuring that our data integrates seamlessly into your workflows.

High-Frequency, High-Quality Data Our C-Score, V-Score, and V-Score I models and metrics are updated daily using end-of-day (EOD) data from S&P. This ensures that users have access to current and accurate information, empowering timely and informed decision-making.

How Is the Data Sourced? Lucror Analytics employs a rigorous methodology to source, structure, transform and process data, ensuring reliability and actionable insights:

Proprietary Fixed Income Data Models: Our scores are derived from proprietary quant algorithms based on CDS spreads, OAS, and other issuer and bond data.

Global Data Partnerships: Our collaborations with S&P and other reputable data providers ensure comprehensive and accurate datasets.

Data Cleaning and Structuring: Advanced processes ensure data integrity, transforming raw inputs into actionable insights.

Primary Use Cases

1. Portfolio Construction & Rebalancing Lucror’s C-Score provides a granular view of issuer credit quality, allowing portfolio managers to evaluate risks and identify mispricing opportunities. With CDS-driven insights and daily updates, clients can incorporate near-real-time issuer/bond movements into their credit assessments.

2. Portfolio Optimization The V-Score and V-Score I allow portfolio managers to identify undervalued or overvalued bonds, supporting strategies that optimize returns relative to credit risk. By benchmarking valuations against market and industry standards, users can uncover potential mean-reversion opportunities and enhance portfolio performance.

3. Risk Management With data updated daily, Lucror’s models provide dynamic insights into market risks. Organizations can use this data to monitor shifts in credit quality, assess valuation anomalies, and adjust exposure proactively.

4. Strategic Decision-Making Our comprehensive datasets enable financial institutions to make informed strategic decisions. Whether it’s assessing the fair value of bonds, analyzing industry-specific credit spreads, or understanding broader market trends, Lucror’s data delivers the depth and accuracy required for success.

Why Choose Lucror Analytics? Lucror Analytics is committed to providing high-quality, actionable data solutions tailored to the evolving needs of the financial sector. Our unique combination of proprietary models, rigorous sourcing of high-quality data, and customizable delivery ensures that users have the insights they need to make smarter deci...

The 'gender pay gap' is defined as the difference between men's and women's average hourly earnings for full time workers within financial and insurance industries, as a percentage of men's average hourly earnings. The highest percentage gender pay gap median in 2020 was found in the Activities auxiliary to financial services and insurance activities , at **** percent. On the other hand, the lowest percentage gender pay gap median for financial and insurance activities in 2020 was found to be in social security, at **** percent.

In 2023, women constituted the majority of the employees in the low-paid quartiles at Lloyds Bank plc in the United Kingdom. On the other hand, over 63 percent of the bank's employees in the highest-paid quartile were men.

Over the five years through 2024-25, the festivals industry's revenue is projected to expand at a compound annual rate of 5.7% to £4.8 billion. Immense volatility hit revenue growth due to unfavourable operating conditions during COVID-19. Profitability in 2024-25 is likely to improve due to a solid return to festivals and live music events as the effects of COVID-19 wind down. On-site services, including food and drink sales, have proved a key revenue growth stream as festivals expand their services and overall experience. Moreover, the sector has continued reducing its environmental impact by cutting its carbon emissions and using single-use plastics at festivals. In 2024-25, revenue is anticipated to balloon by 13.7%. The festival industry's strong growth includes a sharp 755.7% spike in revenue in 2021-22 following its near collapse in 2020-21 due to the COVID-19 outbreak. Since the pandemic, the festival industry has experienced vibrant expansion. Festivals have diversified their offerings and increased their capacities to accommodate domestic music enthusiasts and the rising influx of international tourists. However, festival operators are grappling with rising operational costs, particularly a hike in energy prices, weighing on the average profit margin. Escalating cost-of-living pressures have notably burdened grassroots events, leading to numerous cancellations due to rising expenses, which calls for more significant government financial support. Over the five years through 2029-2030, industry revenue is forecast to jump upwards at a compound annual rate of 6.7% to reach £6.6 billion. Improved economic conditions and the introduction of new festivals will support this growth. Additionally, the average industry profit margin is likely to grow slightly, driven primarily by rising sales volumes and easing inflation. Environmental improvements will remain a focal point, with festivals adopting various strategies to mitigate waste and reduce emissions.

The FTSE 100 index refers to the 100 biggest companies listed on the London Stock Exchange Market. In 2019, chief financial officers (CFOs) working in accounting and finance departments in FTSE 100 companies in commerce and industry in London earned on average *** thousand British pounds and more yearly. Over the six year observation period, the average salary increased with 100 thousand British pounds.

This statistic shows the median annual compensation packages, which include both salary and bonuses; offered to risk management professionals in the field of investment banking (financial services sector) in London (UK) as of November 2014, listed in detail for the operations department (credit risk, market or operational risk management) and for the position level (director, VP, associate and analyst). In that time, the compensation packages for professionals working in credit risk management were highest on average, with directors in this department earning approximately 175,000 British pounds annually.