The United States led the ranking of the countries with the highest military spending in 2023, with 916 billion U.S. dollars dedicated to the military. That constituted over 40 percent of the total military spending worldwide that year, which amounted to 2.4 trillion U.S. dollars. This amounted to 3.5 percent of the U.S. gross domestic product (GDP), placing the U.S. lower in the ranking of military expenditure as a percentage of GDP than for instance Saudi Arabia, Israel, Algeria, and Russia. China was the second largest military spender with an estimated 296 billion U.S. dollars spent, with Russia following in third. Defense budgetAccording to the U.S. Congressional Budget Office, the outlays for defense will rise to 1.1 trillion U.S. dollars by 2033. The largest parts of the budget are dedicated to the Departments of the Navy and the Air Force. The budget for the U.S. Air Force for 2024 was nearly 260 billion U.S. dollars.Global military spendingThe value of military spending globally has grown steadily in the past years and reached 2.44 trillion U.S. dollars in 2023. Reasons for this are the outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine war in 2022, the war in Gaza, as well as increasing tensions in the South China Sea. North America is by far the leading region worldwide in terms of expenditure on the military.

The average for 2022 based on 150 countries was 14.63 billion U.S. dollars. The highest value was in the USA: 876.94 billion U.S. dollars and the lowest value was in Costa Rica: 0 billion U.S. dollars. The indicator is available from 1960 to 2022. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

In 2023, the annual military spending in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region was the highest for Saudi Arabia at about 75.8 billion U.S. dollars. MENA military trends Saudi Arabia was ranked fifth among the top global military spenders in 2019. It is the largest military spender in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Saudi’s military spending reached its all-time high during 2015 when it was the third-largest military spender globally. Saudi Arabia was expected to increase its military spending following tension with Iran after an Iranian missile attacked Saudi’s oil industry in 2019, and with its military operations in Yemen. The MENA region had the highest average military spending as a share of gross domestic product (GDP) compared to other regions. Military spending as a share of GDP in Saudi Arabia in 2019 reached eight percent. The high military burden reflects instability and conflict in the region. MENA budget deficit The military expenditure of the MENA region on average is above their fiscal capabilities as the budgets allocated to operations leave less than the required amounts for the demands of the public. The average public debt as a share of GDP of the MENA region was about 40 percent in 2018. The governments of the region have been favoring using tactics such as having a strong army to delay the involvement of the democratic wave in the governing process, over the option of changing their social approach to accommodate the needs of the public. However, the majority of the public has high confidence in the military and government institutions in the region. The military forces of countries of the MENA region are known to have a strong involvement in the economic matters of the countries such as high levels of military spending post the Arab Spring to dampen any further social mobilization or uprisings. In 2020, Yemen had the highest risk of development deficit and deprivation among conflict countries in the region, followed by Syria.

U.S. military spending/defense budget for 2022 was 876.94 billion US dollars, a 8.77% increase from 2021.

<ul style='margin-top:20px;'>

<li>U.S. military spending/defense budget for 2021 was <strong>806.23 billion US dollars</strong>, a <strong>3.58% increase</strong> from 2020.</li>
<li>U.S. military spending/defense budget for 2020 was <strong>778.40 billion US dollars</strong>, a <strong>6% increase</strong> from 2019.</li>
<li>U.S. military spending/defense budget for 2019 was <strong>734.34 billion US dollars</strong>, a <strong>7.6% increase</strong> from 2018.</li>
</ul>Military expenditures data from SIPRI are derived from the NATO definition, which includes all current and capital expenditures on the armed forces, including peacekeeping forces; defense ministries and other government agencies engaged in defense projects; paramilitary forces, if these are judged to be trained and equipped for military operations; and military space activities. Such expenditures include military and civil personnel, including retirement pensions of military personnel and social services for personnel; operation and maintenance; procurement; military research and development; and military aid (in the military expenditures of the donor country).

Djibouti DJ: Military Expenditure: % of GDP data was reported at 3.729 % in 2008. This records a decrease from the previous number of 4.062 % for 2007. Djibouti DJ: Military Expenditure: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 5.607 % from Dec 1978 (Median) to 2008, with 21 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 7.660 % in 1983 and a record low of 0.018 % in 1979. Djibouti DJ: Military Expenditure: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Djibouti – Table DJ.World Bank.WDI: Defense and Official Development Assistance. Military expenditures data from SIPRI are derived from the NATO definition, which includes all current and capital expenditures on the armed forces, including peacekeeping forces; defense ministries and other government agencies engaged in defense projects; paramilitary forces, if these are judged to be trained and equipped for military operations; and military space activities. Such expenditures include military and civil personnel, including retirement pensions of military personnel and social services for personnel; operation and maintenance; procurement; military research and development; and military aid (in the military expenditures of the donor country). Excluded are civil defense and current expenditures for previous military activities, such as for veterans' benefits, demobilization, conversion, and destruction of weapons. This definition cannot be applied for all countries, however, since that would require much more detailed information than is available about what is included in military budgets and off-budget military expenditure items. (For example, military budgets might or might not cover civil defense, reserves and auxiliary forces, police and paramilitary forces, dual-purpose forces such as military and civilian police, military grants in kind, pensions for military personnel, and social security contributions paid by one part of government to another.); ; Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), Yearbook: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security.; Weighted average; Data for some countries are based on partial or uncertain data or rough estimates.

In 2023, the United States spent around 916.02 billion U.S. dollars on its military. U.S. military spending has been increasing in current dollar terms since 2016. Spending increased dramatically in 2022 after the Russian invasion of Ukraine. After the first year of the war, the U.S. had contributed more than 40 billion euros worth of military aid to Ukraine. What military spending entails Military spending in the United States is the part of the national outlays of the Department of Defense. While the department has over two trillion dollars in budgetary resources, its outlays - money actually paid out - are significantly lower. This budget is designated for the four branches of the United States military, and is used for everything from salaries, trainings, development of new military technologies, and new aircraft and weaponry. The high cost of U.S. spending The United States is well known for spending more on its military than any other country. In 2023, it was estimated that per capita defense spending amounted to 2,220 U.S. dollars. While this figure is extremely high, many Americans may find it worthwhile, as a majority believe the United States to be the number one military power in the world.

Tuvalu: Military spending, percent of total government spending : The latest value from is percent, unavailable from percent in . In comparison, the world average is 0.00 percent, based on data from countries. Historically, the average for Tuvalu from to is percent. The minimum value, percent, was reached in while the maximum of percent was recorded in .

The researcher made in this study an attempt to give a recapitulatory description of the financing of both World Wars. Therefore according to a given definition of war expenditures only those expenditures were taken into account which arose during the war and which were accounted for in the national budget of the German Empire (Reichshaushalt). The so called post-war burdens, which arose after the respective ceasefire, were not taken into account. By comparing the financing methods of both wars, an insight into the background and the respective characteristics (caused by the different economic systems and economic conditions) shall be enabled.

List of data tables (time series data) in the search and download system HISTAT (www.histat.gesis.org):

A. The development of military spending in Germany

A.1 Total and military expenditure of the German Reich in million marks (1910-1919) A.2 The monthly war expenditure in million marks (1914-1919) A.3 Total expenditure and military expenditure of the German Empire (1933-1945) A.4 Expenditure in the national budget in billions of RM (ordinary and special accounts) (1937/38-1944/45) A.5 total expenditure and expenditure on debt servicing (1914-1919, 1938-45)

B. The funding in both wars through tax policies

B.1 The most important tax revenue in million marks (1913-1918) B.2 The development of the customs revenue in Germany, England and France in millions of currency units of each country (1913-1918) B.3 The main groups of ordinary income (1913-1918) B.4 The total expenditure, the ordinary revenues, the need for extraordinary covering funds and the borrowing in million marks (1914-1918) B.5 actual revenue of the empire from taxes and customs duties in million RM (1933/34-1943/44) B.6 total expenditure, total revenue and revenue from taxes and customs duties (1938-1945) B.7 national budget in billions of RM (ordinary and extraordinary income) (1938/39-1944/45) B.8 Floating debt of the German Empire from discounted treasury bills, compared with the proceeds of war bonds (1914-1919)

C. The funding in both wars by credit policy

C.1 Results of the nine German war bonds in million marks (1914-1918) C.2 National debt in million marks (1900-1920) C.3 The bank deposits in billion RM in Germany (1940-1944) C.4 Public and private indebtedness in Germany (1932-1944) C.5A Total outstanding volume of debt securities in million RM (1933-1940) C.5B Total outstanding volume of debt securities in million RM (1933-1940) C.6 National debt in billions of RM (1933/34, 1937/38-1944/45) C.7 The internal debt of various countries (1939-1944) C.8 Development of public debt in various countries in millions of currency units of the country (1913/1920, 1939/45)

D. Financing in both wars by monetary policy

D.1 The Reichsbank, billion marks (1913-1918) D.2 Coverage of circulation of the Reichsbank and of the foreign funds as annual average in percent (1914-1919) D.3 Circulation in million RM (1928-1945) D.4 The sight liabilities of the Reichsbank in million RM (1940-1945)

E. Financing in the two wars by the pricing policies and economic measures

E.1 International wholesale index numbers as annual averages (1913-1922) E.2 General index of prices as an annual average (1928-1944) E.3 The wholesale price index as an annual average (1928-1944) E.4 Index numbers of commodity prices as an annual average (1928-1944) E.5 Import and export values in billions of German marks (1913-1917)

F. The financing of both was from different point of view

F.1 consumer goods production (1939-1944) F.2 The monthly Germany´s armaments production in the First and Second World War (1918, 1944/45) F.3 Empire index numbers for the cost of living as an annual average (1928-1944) F.4 Index number of earnings over the year (1928-1944)

G. G. Further comparison tables other authors

G.1 Defense spending and national income by Blaich (1932-1938) G.2 Share of defense production as a percentage of industrial production in the German Empire (Deutsches Reich) after Rolf Wagenfuhr (1939-1944).

Timeseries are downloadable via the online system HISTAT (www.histat.gesis.org).

In 2024, Poland's defense spending as a share of gross domestic product was **** percent, the highest of all NATO member states, followed by Estonia at **** percent, and then the United States at **** percent. It is a target of NATO that every member country should spend at least two percent of their GDP on defense. As of this year, it is estimated that all but eight of the alliance's 31 member states were meeting this target. The average expenditure on defense expenditure across all NATO member states was **** percent in 2024, compared with **** percent in the previous year. NATO, Trump, and the War in Ukraine Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 shook many European powers out of a creeping complacency that had set in since the end of the Cold War. It led directly to the applications of Sweden and Finland to the alliance in 2022, with the latter joining later that year. The conflict has however also underlined how Europe's security is still underpinned by American military power, with the United States the main contributor of military aid to Ukraine. Furthermore, in overall defense spending, the U.S. spends far more than the rest of NATO combined. The current Trump administration has frequently criticized NATO states that they see as taking advantage of this discrepancy, urging other members to reach and even exceed the two percent threshold. Article 5 triggered in the aftermath of 9/11 While NATO was founded with the aim of deterring the Soviet Union in the Cold War, its central defense clause "Article 5" whereby an attack on one member is considered an attack on all, has only been triggered once; after the 9/11 terrorist attacks on the United States. NATO's involvement in the subsequent War in Afghanistan was a direct result of this, with troops supporting the operation from across the alliance. Although NATO's focus drifted towards counter-insurgency, and the threat from terrorism in this period, its original purpose has become far more important recently.

This map is adapted from the outstanding work of Dr. Joseph Kerski at ESRI. A map of political, social, and economic indicators for 2010. Created at the Data Analysis and Social Inquiry Lab at Grinnell College by Megan Schlabaugh, April Chen, and Adam Lauretig.Data from Freedom House, the Center for Systemic Peace, and the World Bank.Shapefile:Weidmann, Nils B., Doreen Kuse, and Kristian Skrede Gleditsch. 2010. The Geography of the International System: The CShapes Dataset. International Interactions 36 (1).Field Descriptions:

Variable Name Variable Description Years Available Further Description Source

TotPop Total Population 2011 Population of the country/region World Bank

GDPpcap GDP per capita (current USD) 2011 A measure of the total output of a country that takes the gross domestic product (GDP) and divides it by the number of people in the country. The per capita GDP is especially useful when comparing one country to another because it shows the relative performance of the countries. World Bank

GDPpcapPPP GDP per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP) 2011

World Bank

HDI Human Development Index (HDI) 2011 A tool developed by the United Nations to measure and rank countries' levels of social and economic development based on four criteria: Life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling, expected years of schooling and gross national income per capita. The HDI makes it possible to track changes in development levels over time and to compare development levels in different countries. World Bank

LifeExpct Life expectancy at birth 2011 The probable number of years a person will live after a given age, as determined by mortality in a specific geographic area. World Bank

MyrSchool Mean years of schooling 2011 Years that a 25-year-old person or older has spent in schools World Bank

ExpctSch Expected years of schooling 2011 Number of years of schooling that a child of school entrance age can expect to receive if prevailing patterns of age-specific enrolment rates persist throughout the child’s life. World Bank

GNIpcap Gross National Income (GNI) per capita 2011 Gross national income (GNI) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. GNI per capita is gross national income divided by mid-year population. World Bank

GNIpcapHDI GNI per capita rank minus HDI rank 2011

World Bank

NaIncHDI Nonincome HDI
2011

World Bank

15+LitRate Adult (15+) literacy rate (%). Total 2010

UNESCO

EmplyAgr Employment in Agriculture 2009

World Bank

GDPenergy GDP per unit of energy use 2010 The PPP GDP per kilogram of oil equivalent of energy use. World Bank

GDPgrowth GDP growth (annual %) 2011

World Bank

GDP GDP (current USD) 2011

World Bank

ExptGDP Exports of Goods and Service (% GDP) 2011 The value of all goods and other market services provided to the rest of the world World Bank

ImprtGDP Imports of Goods and Service (% GDP) 2011 The value of all goods and other market services received from the rest of the world. World Bank

AgrGDP Agriculture, Value added (% GDP) 2011 Agriculture corresponds to ISIC divisions 1-5 and includes forestry, hunting, and fishing, as well as cultivation of crops and livestock production. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. World Bank

FDI Foreign Direct Investment, net (current USD) 2011 Foreign direct investment are the net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown in the balance of payments. World Bank

GNIpcap GNI per capita PP 2011 GNI per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP). PPP GNI is gross national income (GNI) converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GNI as a U.S. dollar has in the United States. GNI is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. World Bank

Inflatn Inflation, Consumer Prices (annual %) 2011 Inflation as measured by the consumer price index reflects the annual percentage change in the cost to the average consumer of acquiring a basket of goods and services that may be fixed or changed at specified intervals, such as yearly. World Bank

InfltnGDP Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %) 2011 Inflation as measured by the annual growth rate of the GDP implicit deflator shows the rate of price change in the economy as a whole. The GDP implicit deflator is the ratio of GDP in current local currency to GDP in constant local currency. World Bank

PctWomParl % women in national parliament 2010

United Nations

IntnetUser Internet Users, per 100 peple 2011 Internet users are people with access to the worldwide network. World Bank

HIVPrevlnc Estimated HIV Prevalence% - (Ages 15-49) 2009 Prevalence of HIV refers to the percentage of people ages 15-49 who are infected with HIV. UNAIDS estimates. UNAIDS

AgrLand Agricultural land (% of land area) 2009 Agricultural land refers to the share of land area that is arable, under permanent crops, and under permanent pastures. World Bank

AidRecPP Aid received per person (current US$) 2010 Net official development assistance (ODA) per capita consists of disbursements of loans made on concessional terms (net of repayments of principal) and grants by official agencies of the members of the Development Assistance Committee (DAC), by multilateral institutions, and by non-DAC countries to promote economic development and welfare in countries and territories in the DAC list of ODA recipients; and is calculated by dividing net ODA received by the midyear population estimate. It includes loans with a grant element of at least 25 percent (calculated at a rate of discount of 10 percent). World Bank

AlcohAdul Alcohol consumption per adult (15+) in litres 2008 Liters of pure alcohol, computed as the sum of alcohol production and imports, less alcohol exports, divided by the adult population (aged 15 years and older). World Health Organization

ArmyPct Military expenditure (% of central government expenditure) 2008 Military expenditures data from SIPRI are derived from the NATO definition, which includes all current and capital expenditures on the armed forces, including peacekeeping forces; defense ministries and other government agencies engaged in defense projects; paramilitary forces, if these are judged to be trained and equipped for military operations; and military space activities. Such expenditures include military and civil personnel, including retirement pensions of military personnel and social services for personnel; operation and maintenance; procurement; military research and development; and military aid (in the military expenditures of the donor country). World Development Indicators (World Bank)

TFR Total Fertility Rate 2011 The average number of children that would be born per woman if all women lived to the end of their childbearing years and bore children according to a given fertility rate at each age. This indicator shows the potential for population change in a country. World Bank

CO2perUSD CO2 kg per USD 2008 Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring. World Bank

ExpdtrPrim Expenditure per student, primary (% of GDP per capita) 2008 Public expenditure per pupil as a % of GDP per capita. Primary is the total public expenditure per student in primary education as a percentage of GDP per capita. Public expenditure (current and capital) includes government spending on educational institutions (both public and private), education administration as well as subsidies for private entities (students/households and other privates entities). World Bank

ExpdtrSecd Expenditure per student, secondary (% of GDP per capita) 2008 Public expenditure per pupil as a % of GDP per capita. Secondary is the total public expenditure per student in secondary education as a percentage of GDP per capita. World Bank

ExpdtrTert Expenditure per student, tertiary (% of GDP per capita) 2008 Public expenditure per pupil as a % of GDP per capita. Tertiary is the total public expenditure per student in tertiary education as a percentage of GDP per capita. World Bank

FDIoutf Foreign direct investment, net outflows (% of GDP) 2010 Foreign direct investment are the net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown in the balance of payments. This series shows net outflows of investment from the

The global combat support vehicles market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing defense budgets worldwide and the demand for advanced technological capabilities in military operations. While precise figures for market size and CAGR aren't provided, a reasonable estimation based on industry reports and average growth rates in the defense sector suggests a 2025 market size of approximately $15 billion, growing at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of around 5% from 2025 to 2033. This growth is fueled by several key factors, including the rising adoption of armored and unarmored combat support vehicles for diverse applications such as surveillance, logistics, firefighting, and communication. The increasing complexity of modern warfare necessitates sophisticated support systems, driving demand for technologically advanced vehicles. Furthermore, geopolitical instability in various regions worldwide contributes to sustained military spending, further bolstering market expansion. Key players like Tata Motors, General Dynamics Land Systems, Paramount Group, BAE Systems, Rheinmetall MAN Military Vehicles, and China North Industries are actively competing in this market, driving innovation and technological advancements. Regional variations in market share are anticipated, with North America and Europe maintaining significant positions due to established defense industries and higher defense expenditure. However, the Asia-Pacific region is expected to witness substantial growth, driven by modernization efforts and increasing military spending in countries like India and China. While challenges exist, such as fluctuating fuel prices and stringent environmental regulations, the overall market outlook remains positive, underpinned by ongoing technological advancements, evolving military strategies, and global geopolitical uncertainties. The market is segmented by vehicle type (armored and unarmored) and application, offering multiple avenues for growth and specialization within the industry. Future projections indicate sustained growth in this crucial segment of the defense market, largely driven by consistent military modernization and the evolving demands of modern warfare.

According to Cognitive Market Research, the global Explosive Ordnance Disposal market size will be USD 5561.5 million in 2024. It will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.80% from 2024 to 2031.

North America held the major market share for more than 40% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 2224.6 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.0% from 2024 to 2031.
Europe accounted for a market share of over 30% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 1668.4 million.
Asia Pacific held a market share of around 23% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 1279.1 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10.8% from 2024 to 2031.
Latin America had a market share of more than 5% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 278.0 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.2% from 2024 to 2031.
Middle East and Africa had a market share of around 2% of the global revenue and was estimated at a market size of USD 111.2 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.5% from 2024 to 2031.
The Explosive Detectors Equipment Type held the highest Explosive Ordnance Disposal market revenue share in 2024.

Market Dynamics of Explosive Ordnance Disposal Market

Key Drivers for Explosive Ordnance Disposal Market

Global Rise in Terrorism to Increase the Demand Globally

The global rise in the frequency and intensity of terrorist activities has escalated the demand for EOD services to neutralize potential threats. In 2022, terrorist attacks became more lethal, with an average of 1.7 fatalities per attack compared to 1.3 in 2021, marking the first increase in the lethality rate in five years. Sub-Saharan Africa experienced the most significant surge in terrorism-related deaths, which rose by eight percent. This region accounted for sixty percent, or 4,023, of all terrorism fatalities worldwide. Terrorist groups frequently employ improvised explosive devices (IEDs), necessitating specialized disposal techniques.

Modernization of Military Forces to Propel Market Growth

Many countries are modernizing their military forces, including upgrading their EOD units with advanced technologies and equipment to effectively counter new types of explosive threats. Increased defense budgets in several countries facilitate substantial investments in EOD equipment and training, driving market growth. In 2022, global military expenditure rose by 3.7 percent in real terms, reaching a record high of $2,240 billion. Over the decade from 2013 to 2022, global spending grew by 19 percent and has increased every year since 2015. In Europe, defense expenditure of the 27 member states increased for the eighth consecutive year in 2022, totaling €240 billion. As a percentage of GDP, defense expenditure remained at 1.5%, consistent with the past two years.

Restraint Factor for the Explosive Ordnance Disposal Market

High cost to Limit the Sales

Advanced EOD equipment, such as robots, detection systems, and protective gear, are often costly. The high upfront investment required can be a significant barrier for smaller military and law enforcement agencies, especially in developing countries. Maintaining and upgrading EOD equipment to ensure it remains effective against evolving threats also incurs substantial costs. Continuous maintenance and the need for regular updates can strain budgets, especially for countries with limited defense spending. EOD robots and other automated systems sometimes face reliability issues, particularly in harsh or unpredictable environments. Mechanical failures or malfunctions can pose significant risks during operations..

Impact of Covid-19 on the Explosive Ordnance Disposal Market

The pandemic caused significant disruptions in global supply chains, leading to delays in the manufacturing and delivery of EOD equipment. Lockdowns, restrictions on movement, and reduced workforce availability in manufacturing hubs contributed to these delays. The availability of critical raw materials used in the production of EOD equipment was impacted, leading to increased costs and longer lead times. This affected the production schedules of many EOD equipment manufacturers. Lockdowns and travel restrictions limited the ability of EOD personnel to conduct regular training and field operations. This affected the readiness and effectivenes...

In 2024, global government expenditure for space programs hit a record of approximately 135 billion U.S. dollars. The United States Government spent around 79.7 billion U.S. dollars on its space programs in than year, making it the country with the highest space expenditure in the world. The U.S. was followed by China, with government expenditure on space programs of over 19 billion U.S. dollars. The Space Agencies Responsible for civilian space programs, as well space research and exploration, the space agencies have gained in importance over the past decades. Today, there are six government space agencies (NASA, CNSA, ROSCOSMOS, ESA, ISRO, and JAXA) with full launch and extraterrestrial landing capabilities. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is undoubtedly the most renowned of them all. Since its establishment in 1958, NASA has worked with international partners to enable human expansion across the solar system and beyond, bringing new knowledge and opportunities back to our home planet. It is therefore not surprising that most of their budget goes to toward science and exploration. NASA’s requested FY 2024 budget for all sectors is 27.2 billion U.S. dollars.

In 2025, the lowest-ranking soldier in the South Korean military, the private second class, was paid ******* South Korean won per month. This was about half that of what a sergeant became. Military service in Korea Physically and psychologically healthy, South Korean men between the ages of ** to ** are required to serve mandatory military service for around 18 to 20 months. This mandatory service aims to ensure national security and defend against potential military threats from North Korea. Refusing compulsory military service can lead to legal consequences, although there are exemptions and alternatives. Defense industry in Korea The defense industry in South Korea has significantly grown in recent years and is also gaining more importance in the global defense market. South Korea is one of the top ten countries with the highest military spending. Additionally, the value of exports of the South Korean defense industry amounted to about ** billion U.S. dollars. The country continues to invest in research and development (R&D) activities in the defense industry.