According to estimates, if President Trump's proposed tariffs go into effect permanently, the United States' GDP would decrease by 0.4 percent. Of this, 0.3 percent would be from the 25 percent tariff on all imports from Canada and Mexico, while 0.1 percent would be from the 10 percent tariff on all imports from China. As of February 10, China imposed retaliatory tariffs on the United States, with a 15 percent tariff on coal and liquid natural gas, and a 10 percent tariff on other exports, including oil, machinery, and large motor vehicles.

This data package includes the underlying data to replicate the charts, tables, and calculations presented in The US Revenue Implications of President Trump’s 2025 Tariffs, PIIE Briefing 25-2.

If you use the data, please cite as:

McKibbin, Warwick, and Geoffrey Shuetrim. 2025. The US Revenue Implications of President Trump’s 2025 Tariffs. PIIE Briefing 25-2. Washington: Peterson Institute for International Economics.

According to new estimations, if the 2025 tariffs were to remain in place, the construction industry would be hit hardest, with estimates showing a decline of *** percentage points.

This data package includes the underlying data files to replicate the data, tables, and charts presented in Why Trump’s tariff proposals would harm working Americans, PIIE Policy Brief 24-1.

If you use the data, please cite as: Clausing, Kimberly, and Mary E. Lovely. 2024. Why Trump’s tariff proposals would harm working Americans. PIIE Policy Brief 24-1. Washington, DC: Peterson Institute for International Economics.

President Trump's tariffs have significantly impacted the U.S. toy market, leading to increased prices and potential shortages, highlighting broader economic challenges.

This data package includes the underlying data to replicate the charts and calculations presented in The International Economic Implications of a Second Trump Presidency, PIIE Working Paper 24-20.

If you use the data, please cite as:

McKibbin, Warwick, Megan Hogan, and Marcus Noland. 2024. The International Economic Implications of a Second Trump Presidency. PIIE Working Paper 24-20. Washington: Peterson Institute for International Economics.

Senator Ted Cruz criticizes President Trump's tariff strategy, warning of economic risks and potential political consequences.

As of March 11, 2025, Canada is expected to be the country most impacted by the planned 25 percent tariffs on U.S. imports of steel and aluminum, with a projected drop in its real gross domestic product (GDP) of around **** percent. Aside from China's real GDP, which is forecast to remain stable in the short-run, all other countries and regions analyzed are estimated to be negatively impacted by the tariffs to some extent.

Discover the potential job losses in South Africa due to Trump's tariffs, impacting agriculture and automotive sectors.

Japan's PM Ishiba and President Trump agree on the importance of productive tariff negotiations, focusing on investment and economic ties while addressing U.S. tariffs on Japanese exports.

In March 2018, U.S. President Trump announced that the U.S. would start imposing tariffs on steel and aluminum imports from most exporting countries around the world. This study explores the impact of introducing these tariffs on the equity return of U.S. defense companies. As the defense industry stands among the largest metal consumers in the U.S., it is expected that these import restrictions have deteriorated the business performance of the U.S. defense industry. For this study, a novel trade uncertainty indicator has been constructed that is based on the key events related to the invocation of Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act. This section empowers the President to impose trade restrictions when the quantity of imports threatens to impair national security. My empirical analysis reveals that investors perceived the introduction of the steel and aluminum tariffs as detrimental to U.S. defense companies. The negative abnormal stock returns in the days around several key tariff-related events evidence this. Already in the period before the Department of Commerce released the findings of its investigation, investors were speculating on the possible introduction of trade barriers. However, the height of the imposed tariff exceeded their expectations since the negative sentiment was further reinforced after the official announcement of the tariff by President Trump.

The sporting goods manufacturing industry has benefitted from rising health consciousness over the past decade, which spurred an uptick in sports participation, driving demand. However, inflationary pressures plagued the industry in the aftermath of the COVID-19 outbreak, resulting in people cutting discretionary spending. Revenue is expected to grow at a compound annual rate of 2.6% over the five years through 2025 to €10.8 billion, including an estimated jump of 1.8% in 2025. Profit is also expected to edge upwards to 12.2% in 2025 as higher interest rates cool inflation and ease input cost pressures. Following the COVID-19 outbreak, pent-up demand and supply chain disruptions incited inflationary pressures, ratcheting up living costs. This resulted in many people’s real household disposable income’s plummeting, forcing them to cut discretionary spending on goods like sporting equipment. Despite central banks across Europe raising interest rates to curb rising prices, inflation persisted in the two years through 2023, hurting demand. However, rising sport participation and health consciousness have supported revenue in recent years, driven by effective government initiatives. This includes the Erasmus+ Sport programme, which supports grassroots sports projects across Europe. According to a 2022 survey from the European Commission, Finland tops the list of countries most likely to exercise at least once a week, at 71% of respondents. Import competition has impacted the industry with consumers opting for cheaper alternatives from low-cost production countries amid the cost-of-living crisis. This forced manufacturers to focus their efforts on premium, performance-focused gear, maintaining revenue growth. Revenue is forecast to swell at a compound annual rate of 5.8% over the five years through 2030 to €14.3 billion. Sporting goods manufacturing will welcome declining costs as inflationary pressures subside in the short term. However, uncertainty surrounding Trump’s tariffs policies will hamper GDP growth due to businesses delaying investment projects which would have potentially aided demand for sports goods manufacturers. This will force manufacturers to diversify into faster-growing or tariff-free markets like Asia. Sport participation will continue to rise, supported by robust funding towards promoting exercise as governments seek to slow down rising obesity across Europe. Yet, countries like France facing budget pressures have slashed funding aimed at promoting sports, hindering demand for sports goods manufacturers.

Taiwan's exports grew significantly in January due to AI demand and strategic orders ahead of Trump's tariff policies, marking a continued uptrend in global trade.

Graph and download economic data for Federal government current tax receipts: Taxes on production and imports: Customs duties (B235RC1A027NBEA) from 1929 to 2024 about receipts, imports, tax, federal, production, government, GDP, and USA.

The sporting goods manufacturing industry has benefitted from rising health consciousness over the past decade, which spurred an uptick in sports participation, driving demand. However, inflationary pressures plagued the industry in the aftermath of the COVID-19 outbreak, resulting in people cutting discretionary spending. Revenue is expected to grow at a compound annual rate of 2.6% over the five years through 2025 to €10.8 billion, including an estimated jump of 1.8% in 2025. Profit is also expected to edge upwards to 12.2% in 2025 as higher interest rates cool inflation and ease input cost pressures. Following the COVID-19 outbreak, pent-up demand and supply chain disruptions incited inflationary pressures, ratcheting up living costs. This resulted in many people’s real household disposable income’s plummeting, forcing them to cut discretionary spending on goods like sporting equipment. Despite central banks across Europe raising interest rates to curb rising prices, inflation persisted in the two years through 2023, hurting demand. However, rising sport participation and health consciousness have supported revenue in recent years, driven by effective government initiatives. This includes the Erasmus+ Sport programme, which supports grassroots sports projects across Europe. According to a 2022 survey from the European Commission, Finland tops the list of countries most likely to exercise at least once a week, at 71% of respondents. Import competition has impacted the industry with consumers opting for cheaper alternatives from low-cost production countries amid the cost-of-living crisis. This forced manufacturers to focus their efforts on premium, performance-focused gear, maintaining revenue growth. Revenue is forecast to swell at a compound annual rate of 5.8% over the five years through 2030 to €14.3 billion. Sporting goods manufacturing will welcome declining costs as inflationary pressures subside in the short term. However, uncertainty surrounding Trump’s tariffs policies will hamper GDP growth due to businesses delaying investment projects which would have potentially aided demand for sports goods manufacturers. This will force manufacturers to diversify into faster-growing or tariff-free markets like Asia. Sport participation will continue to rise, supported by robust funding towards promoting exercise as governments seek to slow down rising obesity across Europe. Yet, countries like France facing budget pressures have slashed funding aimed at promoting sports, hindering demand for sports goods manufacturers.

The sporting goods manufacturing industry has benefitted from rising health consciousness over the past decade, which spurred an uptick in sports participation, driving demand. However, inflationary pressures plagued the industry in the aftermath of the COVID-19 outbreak, resulting in people cutting discretionary spending. Revenue is expected to grow at a compound annual rate of 2.6% over the five years through 2025 to €10.8 billion, including an estimated jump of 1.8% in 2025. Profit is also expected to edge upwards to 12.2% in 2025 as higher interest rates cool inflation and ease input cost pressures. Following the COVID-19 outbreak, pent-up demand and supply chain disruptions incited inflationary pressures, ratcheting up living costs. This resulted in many people’s real household disposable income’s plummeting, forcing them to cut discretionary spending on goods like sporting equipment. Despite central banks across Europe raising interest rates to curb rising prices, inflation persisted in the two years through 2023, hurting demand. However, rising sport participation and health consciousness have supported revenue in recent years, driven by effective government initiatives. This includes the Erasmus+ Sport programme, which supports grassroots sports projects across Europe. According to a 2022 survey from the European Commission, Finland tops the list of countries most likely to exercise at least once a week, at 71% of respondents. Import competition has impacted the industry with consumers opting for cheaper alternatives from low-cost production countries amid the cost-of-living crisis. This forced manufacturers to focus their efforts on premium, performance-focused gear, maintaining revenue growth. Revenue is forecast to swell at a compound annual rate of 5.8% over the five years through 2030 to €14.3 billion. Sporting goods manufacturing will welcome declining costs as inflationary pressures subside in the short term. However, uncertainty surrounding Trump’s tariffs policies will hamper GDP growth due to businesses delaying investment projects which would have potentially aided demand for sports goods manufacturers. This will force manufacturers to diversify into faster-growing or tariff-free markets like Asia. Sport participation will continue to rise, supported by robust funding towards promoting exercise as governments seek to slow down rising obesity across Europe. Yet, countries like France facing budget pressures have slashed funding aimed at promoting sports, hindering demand for sports goods manufacturers.

U.S. wholesale inventories increased in April, driven by stockpiling prescription medications ahead of potential tariffs. This rise, surpassing previous estimates, impacts GDP and trade deficits.

According to Cognitive Market Research, the global Coal Trading market size will be USD 304538.81 million in 2025. It will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.60% from 2025 to 2033.

North America held the major market share for more than 40% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 78630.48 million in 2025 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 2.4% from 2025 to 2033.
Europe accounted for a market share of over 30% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 61629.29 million.
APAC held a market share of around 23% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 51003.55 million in 2025 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.6% from 2025 to 2033.
South America has a market share of more than 5% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 8075.56 million in 2025 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.6% from 2025 to 2033.
The Middle East had a market share of around 2% of the global revenue and was estimated at a market size of USD 8500.59 million in 2025. It will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.9% from 2025 to 2033.
Africa had a market share of around 1% of the global revenue and was estimated at a market size of USD 4675.33 million in 2025. It will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.3% from 2025 to 2033.
Bituminous category is the fastest growing segment of the Coal Trading industry

Market Dynamics of Coal Trading Market

Key Drivers for Coal Trading Market

Economic Growth and Consumer Demand to Boost Market Growth

Economic growth in key regions is a significant driver for increased vehicle production. As economies expand, consumer spending power rises, leading to greater demand for vehicles. Countries with growing middle-class populations, particularly in emerging markets, experience a surge in the desire for personal transportation. Consumers seek vehicles for personal mobility, commuting, and status, contributing to the overall demand. Additionally, increased urbanization often fuels vehicle production as more individuals look to own cars in expanding cities where public transportation options may be limited. As the middle class grows in countries like China, India, and Brazil, so does the demand for vehicles, prompting manufacturers to ramp up production to meet these new needs.

Technological Advancements in Manufacturing To Boost Market Growth

Technological advancements in manufacturing processes are driving the increase in vehicle production. Automation, robotics, and AI integration in production lines have significantly enhanced manufacturing efficiency, reducing production time and cost. These technologies allow for high-precision assembly, consistent quality, and the ability to produce more vehicles in less time. Moreover, innovations such as 3D printing and advanced materials are streamlining the production of vehicle components, making the process more cost-effective and flexible. With these technologies, automakers can meet growing consumer demand while maintaining or increasing profitability. Manufacturers are also able to produce vehicles with improved safety features, better fuel efficiency, and cutting-edge infotainment systems, thus appealing to a broader range of customers.

Restraint Factor for the Coal Trading Market

Regulatory Compliance and Environmental Standards Will Limit Market Growth

Governments worldwide are imposing stricter emissions regulations, fuel efficiency standards, and safety requirements. These regulations often require automakers to invest heavily in new technologies, such as electric vehicle (EV) systems, autonomous driving features, or advanced safety mechanisms, which can increase production costs. Additionally, meeting these stringent standards often requires redesigning existing models or introducing new production lines, which can be a resource-intensive process. For instance, the transition to electric vehicles (EVs) demands extensive investments in battery technology and sustainable manufacturing practices. As a result, automakers may face financial strain and operational delays, making it difficult to scale production quickly while complying with these ever-evolving regulations.

Impact of Trump Tariffs on the Coal Trading Market

The implementation of tariffs under the Trump administration had a significant impact on the coal trading market, particularly on both import and export costs. With...

The sporting goods manufacturing industry has benefitted from rising health consciousness over the past decade, which spurred an uptick in sports participation, driving demand. However, inflationary pressures plagued the industry in the aftermath of the COVID-19 outbreak, resulting in people cutting discretionary spending. Revenue is expected to grow at a compound annual rate of 2.6% over the five years through 2025 to €10.8 billion, including an estimated jump of 1.8% in 2025. Profit is also expected to edge upwards to 12.2% in 2025 as higher interest rates cool inflation and ease input cost pressures. Following the COVID-19 outbreak, pent-up demand and supply chain disruptions incited inflationary pressures, ratcheting up living costs. This resulted in many people’s real household disposable income’s plummeting, forcing them to cut discretionary spending on goods like sporting equipment. Despite central banks across Europe raising interest rates to curb rising prices, inflation persisted in the two years through 2023, hurting demand. However, rising sport participation and health consciousness have supported revenue in recent years, driven by effective government initiatives. This includes the Erasmus+ Sport programme, which supports grassroots sports projects across Europe. According to a 2022 survey from the European Commission, Finland tops the list of countries most likely to exercise at least once a week, at 71% of respondents. Import competition has impacted the industry with consumers opting for cheaper alternatives from low-cost production countries amid the cost-of-living crisis. This forced manufacturers to focus their efforts on premium, performance-focused gear, maintaining revenue growth. Revenue is forecast to swell at a compound annual rate of 5.8% over the five years through 2030 to €14.3 billion. Sporting goods manufacturing will welcome declining costs as inflationary pressures subside in the short term. However, uncertainty surrounding Trump’s tariffs policies will hamper GDP growth due to businesses delaying investment projects which would have potentially aided demand for sports goods manufacturers. This will force manufacturers to diversify into faster-growing or tariff-free markets like Asia. Sport participation will continue to rise, supported by robust funding towards promoting exercise as governments seek to slow down rising obesity across Europe. Yet, countries like France facing budget pressures have slashed funding aimed at promoting sports, hindering demand for sports goods manufacturers.

Explore the economic impact of President Trump's 50% tariff on copper imports, set to boost domestic mining but potentially raise costs for industries and consumers.