DP (Data Protection Act) / SAR (Subject Access Request) - In time - (YTD)

Shows land mapped as access land under CRoW. This includes Open Country and Registered Common Land combined into a single layer, with certain categories of excepted land removed.

The CRoW Act provides for public access on foot to certain types of land, amends the law relating to public rights of way, increases measures for the management and protection for Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) and strengthens wildlife enforcement legislation, and provides for better management of Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB). Under Section 4 of the CRoW Act it states the following: It shall be the duty of the Countryside Council for Wales (CCW now forms part of Natural Resources Wales (NRW)) to prepare, in respect of Wales, maps which together show; (a) all registered common land, and (b) all open country. This dataset contains all Common Land with a higher right of access (Urban Commons, Commons with Deeds for Access, 1899 Commons Act) for areas of Wales, and Elan Valley Estate. This dataset does not include the Registered Common Land dataset. Digitisation took place in 2014 for all Wales. When using this data for Open Access, it should be used in conjunction with Open Country, Registered Common Land and Public Forests from the same years. Contact your local authority for access to and information about Registers of Common Land.

Shows the conclusive boundaries of the mapping areas used for the CRoW mapping process. Attribution statement: © Natural England copyright. Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right [year].

Rising online fraud and data breaches have supported modest but uneven growth in the Identity Theft Protection Services industry. Free protections from banks and credit agencies, subdued lending conditions and intense competition have held back paid fraud-alert plans, standalone card-protection registration and some lower-tier consumer subscriptions. Over the five years through 2025-26, industry revenue is projected to rise at a compound annual rate of 0.8% to reach £378 million, including growth of 2.2% in 2025-26. Cifas reported that identity fraud accounted for 64% of National Fraud Database filings in 2023 and almost 250,000 cases in 2024, confirming that identity misuse remains the UK’s dominant cybercrime. Growing exposure to phishing, deepfakes and account takeovers is encouraging both consumers and businesses to maintain subscriptions for monitoring, breach alerts and recovery. Profit has remained steady as companies upgrade their detection and compliance systems to meet tougher data-handling rules, although profit margins remain below those in broader information services due to high regulatory and labour costs. Policy and technological shifts are reshaping the competitive landscape. In October 2024, new Payment Systems Regulator rules made banks jointly liable for authorised push-payment fraud, spurring demand for behavioural and biometric verification tools that prevent mis-payments. Rising breach notifications have also driven corporate contracts for identity restoration, with 12,412 filed with the Information Commissioner’s Office in 2024-25. Consolidation is accelerating as global data and cybersecurity groups expand through deals, like Entrust’s acquisition of Onfido in April 2024 and Experian’s purchase of KYC360 in October 2025. Over the five years through 2030-31, industry revenue is forecast to grow at a compound annual rate of 4.5% to £471.8 million. The rollout of GOV.UK One Login, the Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 and rapid advances in AI-driven fraud detection will embed verified digital identity as a standard security layer across UK finance and public services, supporting stronger, technology-led growth. At the same time, free monitoring from banks and credit agencies, privacy concerns about wider data sharing and persistent labour and compliance costs are expected to cap pricing power and limit profit margins for industry companies.

This report contains all Right of Access (Data Protection Act 2018) requests received by the Metropolitan Police Service and logged on our corporate logging system since May 2018. In addition, there is information on Subject Access Requests (Data Protection Act 1998) received after 01/01/2015 up to the introduction of the 2018 Act. There is also information on Appeals and complaints from January 2015 onwards covering both the 1998 and 2018 legislation.

The Information Commissioners Office (ICO) recommend that organisations publish their own performance in answering Subject Access/Right of Access Requests on a quarterly basis. This report is our response to that recommendation.

Counting Rules

One submission from a member of the public will count as one request. Multiple submissions from the same person on different dates for different data will be counted as multiple requests.

The data used in the MPS Right of Access Performance Dashboard is available here Right of access performance dashboard | Metropolitan Police , along with the related data definitions. Please note that, this data set running quarterly behind with quarterly update.

Due to an internal IT deployment, from 27th February these datasets may be temporarily disrupted. Work is ongoing to rebuild these datasets.

Under the Marine and Coastal Access Act (2009) the MMO is obligated to further the conservation objectives of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in England. Where non-licensable activities occur within MPAs the MMO can manage activity through its byelaw-making powers and through marine planning policy. This report provides insights into the spatial distribution of a subset of marine non-licensable activities within specific MPAs across England. Marine non-licensable activities are those which do not require a marine licence and include a range of recreational activities from mooring and anchoring to boating and SCUBA diving.

The overarching aim of this project was to identify and collate all relevant existing spatial data (published since 2015) for each marine non-licensable activity, validate and support this data through the collection of stakeholder information, and apply transparent and validated methods to produce data that can be used to support the consideration of potential management measures at 32 selected MPAs.

A variety of different data sources were utilised to obtain spatial data for each marine non-licensable activity. Publicly available information (including maps of boating participation areas, moorings and anchorages), aerial imagery and other available datasets and sources were identified and used to create a cumulative layer of existing spatial data for each non-licensable activity.

A stakeholder consultation was then implemented, using an online data viewer (displaying the cumulative data layers) to validate the existing data and further develop the spatial extent of each non-licensable activity. Regions with the highest stakeholder input included The Solent and the Exe Estuary, with consultees also providing information on a national scale. Government organisations and ports and harbours contacts provided the most information of all the stakeholder types invited to take part.

Limited information was obtained on temporal or spatial intensity of the activities. Many stakeholders who responded did provide details about intensity for the areas which they edited, but these formed a small proportion of the mapped activity data layers. Final outputs are summarised in this report, and the 7 final marine non-licensable activity map data layers, which are available for public use, can be accessed via the Defra Data Services Platform (https://environment.data.gov.uk/) or from the MMO by request.

Due to the COVID-19 restrictions on having face to face meetings with stakeholders an online data viewer was used which proved to be a successful and efficient way to share existing data and edit new spatial data. The existing data covered all MPAs of interest and were generally found to accord well with stakeholder knowledge. Responses provided by stakeholders covered all non-licensable activities of interest within 19 out of the 32 MPAs considered in this study. Data generated by this methodology can also be a useful tool for highlighting gaps in organisational and regional input of information regarding marine non-licensable activities within MPAs.

Advances in digital technology have led to large amounts of personal data being recorded and retained by industry, constituting an invaluable asset to private organizations. The implementation of the General Data Protection Regulation in the EU, including the UK, fundamentally reshaped how data is handled across every sector. It enables the general public to access data collected about them by organisations, opening up the possibility of this data being used for research that benefits the public themselves; for example, to uncover lifestyle causes of poor health outcomes. A significant barrier for using this commercial data for academic research, however, is the lack of publicly acceptable research frameworks. Data donation—the act of an individual actively consenting to donate their personal data for research—could enable the use of commercial data for the benefit of society. However, it is not clear which motives, if any, would drive people to donate their personal data for this purpose. In this paper we present the results of a large-scale survey (N = 1,300) that studied intentions and reasons to donate personal data. We found that over half of individuals are willing to donate their personal data for research that could benefit the wider general public. We identified three distinct reasons to donate personal data: an opportunity to achieve self-benefit, social duty, and the need to understand the purpose of data donation. We developed a questionnaire to measure those three reasons and provided further evidence on the validity of the scales. Our results demonstrate that these reasons predict people’s intentions to donate personal data over and above generic altruistic motives. We show that a social duty is the strongest predictor of the intention to donate personal data, while understanding the purpose of data donation also positively predicts the intentions to donate personal data. In contrast, self-serving motives show a negative association with intentions to donate personal data. The findings presented here examine people’s reasons for data donation to help inform the ethical use of commercially collected personal data for academic research for public good.

Shows land mapped as access land under the Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000 (CRoW Act).The Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000 (CRoW Act) gives the public right of access to land mapped as 'open country' (mountain, moor, heath and down) or registered common land. These areas are known as 'open access land'. This layer includes Open Country and Registered Common Land combined into a single layer, with certain categories of excepted land removed. Full metadata can be viewed on data.gov.uk.

Line dataset showing all approved stretches of the England Coast Path Route. The England Coast Path Route is a new National Trail being created by Natural England under the Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009. Attribution statement: Attribution statement: © Natural England copyright. Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right [year].

Polygon dataset showing all approved stretches of the King Charles III England Coast Path Coastal Margin.The Coastal Margin is being created by Natural England under the Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009. All land within the 'coastal margin' (where it already exists) is associated with the England Coast Path and is by default access land, but in some areas it contains land not subject to access rights - for example cropped land, buildings and their curtilage, gardens and land subject to local restrictions including many areas of saltmarsh and flat that are not suitable for public access. The coastal margin is often steep, unstable and not readily accessible. Please take careful note of conditions and local signage on the ground.Full metadata can be viewed on data.gov.uk.

Shows land mapped as dedicated access land under the Countryside and Rights of Way (CRoW) Act 2000. Attribution statement: © Natural England copyright. Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right [year].

Shows land subject to pre-existing public access rights that on CROW access land apply instead of the CROW rights

• The first aims to use the linked H-CLIC data from across local authorities to develop a better understanding of whether homelessness is resolved in the long term, particularly across local authority boundaries. This will help to establish what works to prevent homelessness, and which elements of the Homelessness Reduction Act are most effective.
• The second aims to match together H-CLIC data and the Rough Sleeping Evaluation Questionnaire to identify how effectively interventions have prevented homelessness and improved other outcomes in the longer term. DLUHC already have rough sleeping evaluations in progress that would benefit from this work.
• Finally, the third element aims to match the H-CLIC data to data gathered from other government departments/health agencies to determine the wider circumstances and outcomes of people who have experienced homelessness, such as educational outcomes, employment, benefits and health. This will enable us to identify the wider impacts and longer-term outcomes, and estimate the costs of homelessness.

The DLUHC intends to use the data to assess the implementation of the Homelessness Reduction Act, for example by identifying the factors associated with better or worse outcomes for households at risk of homelessness and to understand more about the factors that drive homelessness and how best to address them.

Ultimately, the project will provide central government departments, local public services and delivery partners with valuable information about the cycle of homelessness and its impact on the lives of those it affects, as well as the impact and cost-benefit of interventions and services targeted at reducing homelessness. The information should be useful to inform future service design and reform and investment decisions.

Further information, including reports and tables, may be found on the Gov.uk Homelessness Statistics Collection webpage.

Latest edition information
For the third edition (November 2025), a data file for 2022-2023 has been added to the study.

The 1862 Act Register contains records of land and property in England and Wales, registered under the Land Registry Act 1862. It was the government’s first attempt to record property ownership information.

Almost 2,000 properties were registered in 272 volumes of handwritten and typed pages, made of parchment, waxed linen or paper. Documents like deed plans and marriage certificates were often supplied to support registration applications and were usually kept in the Instrument Books as part of the record.

Geographic coverage

England and Wales

Additional resources

Access historical information about properties and people recorded in the 1862 Act Register

License statement

Our 1862 Act Register data is released under the Open Government Licence (OGL). This licence allows public bodies to make their data available for re-use. You need to make sure you understand the terms of the OGL before using the data. If you use or publish our 1862 Act Register data, you must add the following attribution statement:

Contains HM Land Registry data © Crown copyright and database right 2020. This data is licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.

Frequency of update

Never

The Marine Hard Substrate dataset maps areas of rock or hard substrate outcropping or within 0.5m of the sea-bed. For the purpose of this dataset, Hard Substrate was defined as the presence of either rock or clasts >64 mm (boulders or cobbles) within 0.5 m of the seabed. This definition includes sediment veneer overlying hard substrate in some areas. This is used in order to include both infaunal and epifaunal communities and is considered beneficial for habitat mappers. The interpretation was based on a variety of data sourced from within the British Geological Survey and externally. Data consulted includes archive sample and seismic records, side scan sonar, multibeam bathymetry and Olex datasets. The distribution of hard substrate at the seabed, or within 0.5 m of the seabed, is important in dictating the benthic assemblages found in certain areas. Therefore, an understanding of the distribution of these substrates is of primary importance in marine planning and designation of Marine Conservation Zones (MCZs) under the Marine and Coastal Access Act, 2009. In addition, a number of other users will value these data, including marine renewable companies, aggregate companies, the fishing and oil and gas industries. In order to address this issue it was necessary to update British Geological Survey sea-bed mapping to delineate areas where rock, boulders or cobbles are present at, or within 0.5 m of the sea-bed surface. A polygon shape file showing areas of rock or hard substrate at, or within 0.5m of the sea-bed has been developed. The dataset has been created as vector polygons and are available in a range of GIS formats, including ESRI shapefile (.shp) and OGC GeoPackage (.gpkg). More specialised formats may be available but may incur additional processing costs. This dataset has been developed in collaboration with external partners and the methodology used is detailed in the report MB0103 for DEFRA: Developing the necessary data layers for Marine Conservation Zone selection - Distribution of rock/hard substrate on the UK Continental Shelf MB0103 (Gafeira et al., 2010). This dataset was produced for use at 1:250 000 scale. However, in many cases, the detail of the mapping is far greater than expected for this scale as hard substrate delineation was done based on the best available data. This data should not be relied on for local or site-specific geology. Contact BGS Digital Data (digitaldata@bgs.ac.uk) for more information on this dataset.