In October 2024, the public debt of the United States was around 35.46 trillion U.S. dollars, a slight decrease from the previous month. The U.S. public debt ceiling has become one of the most prominent political issues in the States in recent years, with debate over how to handle it causing political turmoil between Democrats and Republicans. The public debt The public debt of the United States has risen quickly since 2000, and in 2022 was more than five times higher than in 2000. The public debt is the total outstanding debt that is owed by the federal government. This figure comprises debt owed to the public (for example, through bonds) and intergovernmental debt (debt owed to various governmental departments), such as Social Security. Debt in Politics The debt issue has become a highly contentious topic within the U.S. government. Measures such as stimulus packages, social programs and tax cuts add to the public debt. Additionally, spending tends to peak during large global events, such as the Great Depression, the 2008 financial crisis, or the COVID-19 pandemic - all of which had a detrimental impact on the U.S. economy. Although both major political parties in the U.S. tend to blame one another for increases in the country's debt, a recent analysis found that both parties have contributed almost equally to national expenditure. Debate on raising the debt ceiling, or the amount of debt the federal government is allowed to have at any one time, was a leading topic in the government shutdown in October 2013. Despite plans from both Democrats and Republicans on how to lower the national debt, it is only expected to increase over the next decade.

The United States recorded a Government Debt to GDP of 124.30 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2024. This dataset provides - United States Government Debt To GDP - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The Federal Reserve's balance sheet has undergone significant changes since 2007, reflecting its response to major economic crises. From a modest *** trillion U.S. dollars at the end of 2007, it ballooned to approximately **** trillion U.S. dollars by May 2025. This dramatic expansion, particularly during the 2008 financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic - both of which resulted in negative annual GDP growth in the U.S. - showcases the Fed's crucial role in stabilizing the economy through expansionary monetary policies. Impact on inflation and interest rates The Fed's expansionary measures, while aimed at stimulating economic growth, have had notable effects on inflation and interest rates. Following the quantitative easing in 2020, inflation in the United States reached * percent in 2022, the highest since 1991. However, by *************, inflation had declined to *** percent. Concurrently, the Federal Reserve implemented a series of interest rate hikes, with the rate peaking at **** percent in ***********, before the first rate cut since ************** occurred in **************. Financial implications for the Federal Reserve The expansion of the Fed's balance sheet and subsequent interest rate hikes have had significant financial implications. In 2023, the Fed reported a negative net income of ***** billion U.S. dollars, a stark contrast to the ***** billion U.S. dollars profit in 2022. This unprecedented shift was primarily due to rapidly rising interest rates, which caused the Fed's interest expenses to soar to over *** billion U.S. dollars in 2023. Despite this, the Fed's net interest income on securities acquired through open market operations reached a record high of ****** billion U.S. dollars in the same year.

Dominican Republic DO: External Debt: NFL: Central Bank (CB): Bilateral data was reported at -0.647 USD mn in 2012. This records a decrease from the previous number of -0.644 USD mn for 2011. Dominican Republic DO: External Debt: NFL: Central Bank (CB): Bilateral data is updated yearly, averaging -0.672 USD mn from Dec 1971 (Median) to 2012, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 91.142 USD mn in 1980 and a record low of -26.814 USD mn in 1988. Dominican Republic DO: External Debt: NFL: Central Bank (CB): Bilateral data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Dominican Republic – Table DO.World Bank.IDS: External Debt: Net Flows and Net Transfers: Annual. Central bank bilateral debt includes Central bank debt with bilateral creditors. The central bank is the financial institution (or institutions) that exercises control over key aspects of the financial system. The monetary authority, normally the agency that issues currency and holds the country’s international reserves. Net flows (or net lending or net disbursements) received by the borrower during the year are disbursements minus principal repayments. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

In 2023, the gross federal debt in the United States amounted to around 93,500 U.S. dollars per capita. This is a moderate increase from the previous year, when the per capita national debt amounted to about 92,528 U.S. dollars. The total debt accrued by the U.S. annually can be accessed here. Federal debt of the United States The level of national debt held by the United States government has risen sharply in the years following the Great Recession. Federal debt is the amount of debt the federal government owes to creditors who hold assets in the form of debt securities. As with individuals and consumers, there is a common consensus among economists that holding debt is not necessarily problematic for government so long as the public debt is held at a sustainable level. Although there is no agreed upon ratio of debt to gross domestic product, the increasing debt held by the Federal Reserve has become a major part of the political discourse in the United States. Politics and the national debt In recent years, debate over the debt ceiling has been of concern to domestic politicians, the owners of federal debt, and global economy as a whole. The debt ceiling is a legislated maximum amount that national debt can reach intended to impose a degree of fiscal prudence on incumbent governments. However, as national debt has grown the debt ceiling has been reached, thus forcing legislative action by Congress. In both 2011 and 2013, new legislation was passed by Congress allowing the debt ceiling to be raised. The Budget Control Act of 2011 and the No Budget, No Pay Act of 2013 successively allowed the government to avoid defaulting on national debt and therefore avert a potential economic crisis.

Despite a short period of decrease after the burst of the U.S. housing bubble and the global financial crisis, the total amount of mortgage debt in the United States has been on the rise in recent years. In 2024, the mortgage debt amounted to 20.83 trillion U.S. dollars, up from 13.5 trillion U.S. dollars a decade ago. Which factors impact the amount of mortgage debt? One of the most important factors responsible for the growth of mortgage debt is the number of home sales: The more home transactions, the more mortgages are sold, adding to the volume of debt outstanding. Additionally, as house prices increase, so does the gross lending and debt outstanding. On the other hand, high numbers of housing unit foreclosures and mortgage debt restructuring and short-sales can reduce mortgage debt. Which property type has the largest share of the mortgage market? The total mortgage debt includes different property types, such as one-to-four family residential, multifamily residential, commercial, and farm, but the overwhelming share of debt can be attributed to mortgage debt one-to-four family residences.

Venezuela VE: External Debt: NFL: Net Flows: Portfolio Investment: Bonds: Public and Publicly Guaranteed and Private Non-Guaranteed data was reported at -1.845 USD bn in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of -1.193 USD bn for 2015. Venezuela VE: External Debt: NFL: Net Flows: Portfolio Investment: Bonds: Public and Publicly Guaranteed and Private Non-Guaranteed data is updated yearly, averaging -0.990 USD mn from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2016, with 47 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 6.014 USD bn in 2011 and a record low of -2.365 USD bn in 2012. Venezuela VE: External Debt: NFL: Net Flows: Portfolio Investment: Bonds: Public and Publicly Guaranteed and Private Non-Guaranteed data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Venezuela – Table VE.World Bank: External Debt: Net Flows and Net Transfers. Bonds are securities issued with a fixed rate of interest for a period of more than one year. They include net flows through cross-border public and publicly guaranteed and private nonguaranteed bond issues. Data are in current U.S. dollars.; ; World Bank, International Debt Statistics.; Sum;

External Debt in Egypt decreased to 155093.40 USD Million in the fourth quarter of 2024 from 155204.30 USD Million in the third quarter of 2024. This dataset provides - Egypt External Debt - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

By 2034, the gross federal debt of the United States is projected to be about 54.39 trillion U.S. dollars. This would be an increase of around 21 trillion U.S. dollars from 2023, when the federal debt was around 33 trillion U.S. dollars.

The federal debt of the U.S.

The federal debt, also called the national debt or public debt, is the amount of debt held by the United States government. This debt may be to other countries, or to different departments within the government itself. The public debt of the United States has increased significantly over the past 30 years, as it was around 3.2 trillion U.S. dollars in 1990 and surpassed 30 trillion dollars for the first time in 2022. When broken down per capita, the national debt amounted to about 80,885 U.S. dollars of debt per person in the United States in 2021.

The problem of the federal debt

Over the past decade, the federal debt limit in the United States has increased significantly. The U.S. debt ceiling can only be changed by an act of Congress which is then signed by the president. The raising of the ceiling has become a recurring political issue in recent years, especially during times when the Presidency and chambers of Congress are controlled by different parties.

The debt ceiling is a tool that allows the Treasury to issue bonds without congressional approval, allowing for efficiency in the way that the government pays for programs and services. It is thought to be further valuable in that it keeps federal finances in check. However, when the two parties are unable to come to an agreement on raising the debt ceiling, the government comes to a shutdown because they can no longer fund themselves. The Republican Party in particular often positions itself against raising the federal debt ceiling, characterizing themselves as the party of fiscal conservativism. However, analyses have shown that both parties have contributed to the country's debt in almost equal measures.

Jamaica JM: External Debt: NFL: Net Flows: Central Bank data was reported at -2.501 USD mn in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of -2.339 USD mn for 2020. Jamaica JM: External Debt: NFL: Net Flows: Central Bank data is updated yearly, averaging -3.309 USD mn from Dec 1976 (Median) to 2021, with 46 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 179.365 USD mn in 1981 and a record low of -61.590 USD mn in 1995. Jamaica JM: External Debt: NFL: Net Flows: Central Bank data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Jamaica – Table JM.World Bank.IDS: External Debt: Net Flows and Net Transfers: Annual. Central bank long-term debt are aggregated. The central bank is the financial institution (or institutions) that exercises control over key aspects of the financial system. The monetary authority, normally the agency that issues currency and holds the country’s international reserves. Net flows (or net lending or net disbursements) received by the borrower during the year are disbursements minus principal repayments. Long-term external debt is defined as debt that has an original or extended maturity of more than one year and that is owed to nonresidents by residents of an economy and repayable in currency, goods, or services. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

Jamaica JM: External Debt: TDS: CB: Commerical Banks data was reported at 0.000 USD mn in 2015. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.502 USD mn for 2014. Jamaica JM: External Debt: TDS: CB: Commerical Banks data is updated yearly, averaging 1.850 USD mn from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2015, with 16 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4.181 USD mn in 2000 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in 2015. Jamaica JM: External Debt: TDS: CB: Commerical Banks data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Jamaica – Table JM.World Bank.IDS: External Debt: Debt Outstanding, Debt Ratio and Debt Service: Annual. Central bank bilateral debt includes Central bank debt with commercial banks.The central bank is the financial institution (or institutions) that exercises control over key aspects of the financial system. The monetary authority, normally the agency that issues currency and holds the country’s international reserves. Debt service payments are the sum of principal repayments and interest payments actually made in the year specified. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

This statistic shows the national debt of the United Kingdom from 2020 to 2024, with projections up until 2030. In 2024, the national debt in the United Kingdom was about 3.91 trillion U.S. dollars. Reduction of the national debt and recovery of the economy in the UK The debt of the United Kingdom, which amounted to around 1,600 billion pounds in 2014 - more than it has ever been - is projected to keep rising. Since the economic recession of 2007-08, economic growth in the United Kingdom has been slow, but it has been able to recover. In 2014, the United Kingdom recorded a 2.8 percent growth rate. Many believe that if the economy is stable, the government will reduce spending and not accrue any more debt, and it can indeed be seen that while government spending continues to increase, the gap between spending and revenue is projected to get smaller. If the government were to earn more than it spends, it could use the money left over to pay the national debt and start to reduce it. However, what is even more important is the size of the debt in relation to the size of the country's economy; if the debt grows slower than the economy, the debt to GDP ratio can still fall, despite a budget deficit. The ratio of government expenditure to GDP indicates that the economy is recovering at a faster rate than government expenditure, with the ratio decreasing significantly over the last decade and the national debt in relation to GDP being expected to decrease further as well - albeit slowly. This should help relieve concerns over the United Kingdom’s mounting debt, but for some debt reduction is just not fast enough.

Consumer Credit in the United States increased to 17.87 USD Billion in April from 8.60 USD Billion in March of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United States Consumer Credit Change - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

This statistic shows the national debt of Greece from 2020 to 2023, with projections until 2030. In 2023, the national debt in Greece was around 420.4 billion U.S. dollars. In a ranking of debt to GDP per country, Greece is currently ranked third. Greece's struggle after the financial crisis Greece is a developed country in the EU and is highly dependent on its service sector as well as its tourism sector in order to gain profits. After going through a large economic boom from the 1950s to the 1970s as well as somewhat high GDP growth in the early to mid 2000s, Greece’s economy took a turn for the worse and struggled intensively, primarily due to the Great Recession, the Euro crisis as well as its own debt crisis. National debt within the country saw significant gains over the past decades, however roughly came to a halt due to financial rescue packages issued from the European Union in order to help Greece maintain and improve their economical situation. The nation’s continuous rise in debt has overwhelmed its estimated GDP over the years, which can be attributed to poor government execution and unnecessary spending. Large sums of financial aid were taken from major European banks to help balance out these government-induced failures and to potentially help refuel the economy to encourage more spending, which in turn would decrease the country’s continuously rising unemployment rate. Investors, consumers and workers alike are struggling to see a bright future in Greece, whose chances of an economic comeback are much lower than that of other struggling countries such as Portugal and Italy. However, Greece's financial situation might improve in the future, as it is estimated that at least its national debt will decrease - slowly, but steadily. Still, since its future participation in the European Union is in limbo as of now, these figures can only be estimates, not predictions.

External Debt in India increased to 717900 USD Million in the fourth quarter of 2024 from 711800 USD Million in the third quarter of 2024. This dataset provides - India External Debt - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

In 2024, the national debt of India amounted to around 3.16 trillion U.S. dollars. Projections show an upward trend, with a significant increase each year. Honor thy national debtNational debt, also called government debt or public debt, is money owed by the federal government. It can be divided into internal debt, (which is owed to lenders in the country) and external debt (which is owed to foreign lenders). National debt is created and increased by using government bonds, for example, or by borrowing money from other nations due to financial struggles (well-known case in point: Greece). A quite complex issue, national debt is expected to be paid back in accordance with certain regulations overseen by the Bank for International Settlements (BIS), a financial organization owned by central banks. India’s debt is rising, but so is its economic growthIndia’s liabilities have increased significantly, and forecasts show no end in sight. While India is a fast-growing economy and considered one of the main emerging economies, the so-called BRIC countries, India has been investing and borrowing money from commercial banks as well as several non-banking finance companies, and its national debt today makes up almost 70 percent of its GDP. Luckily, even though the national debt is forecast to increase, this share of GDP is predicted to decrease, as is the trade deficit in the long run, despite a significant jump back into the red in 2017.

Dominican Republic DO: External Debt: DOD: CB: Multilateral data was reported at 4.294 USD mn in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 4.955 USD mn for 2022. Dominican Republic DO: External Debt: DOD: CB: Multilateral data is updated yearly, averaging 54.532 USD mn from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2023, with 54 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 273.422 USD mn in 1995 and a record low of 4.294 USD mn in 2023. Dominican Republic DO: External Debt: DOD: CB: Multilateral data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Dominican Republic – Table DO.World Bank.IDS: External Debt: Debt Outstanding, Debt Ratio and Debt Service: Annual. Central bank multilateral loans include loans and credits from the World Bank, regional development banks, and other multilateral and intergovernmental agencies. Excluded are loans from funds administered by an international organization on behalf of a single donor government; these are classified as loans from governments.The central bank is the financial institution (or institutions) that exercises control over key aspects of the financial system. The monetary authority, normally the agency that issues currency and holds the country’s international reserves. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

In 2023, the U.S. government had a budget deficit of 1.69 trillion U.S. dollars. This is compared to 2000, when the government had a budget surplus of 0.24 trillion U.S. dollars.

U.S. Government budget

The government budget is a financial statement that demonstrates the government’s suggested revenues and spending for the financial year. Budget surpluses occur when income exceeds expenditures. Budget deficits occur when spending exceeds income. The budget balance of the U.S. government has fluctuated since 2016, and is expected to decrease slightly by 2026.

Military spending

Defense outlays in the United States amounted to 714 billion U.S. dollars in 2020. It is expected to continue to increase over the next several years. The United States currently has the largest defense budget in the world, and is the largest employer in the world. The military budget funds the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, and Air Force. The amount of funding that goes towards the Department of Defense is heavily criticized by Democrats in the United States, because they believe that the funding should be more evenly distributed towards other social welfare programs such as public health insurance and education.

Jamaica JM: External Debt: DOD: CB: Offcial Creditors data was reported at 4.295 USD mn in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 6.701 USD mn for 2022. Jamaica JM: External Debt: DOD: CB: Offcial Creditors data is updated yearly, averaging 38.249 USD mn from Dec 1975 (Median) to 2023, with 49 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 495.749 USD mn in 1985 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in 1975. Jamaica JM: External Debt: DOD: CB: Offcial Creditors data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Jamaica – Table JM.World Bank.IDS: External Debt: Debt Outstanding, Debt Ratio and Debt Service: Annual. Central bank debt from official creditors includes loans from international organizations (multilateral loans) and loans from governments (bilateral loans). Loans from international organization include loans and credits from the World Bank, regional development banks, and other multilateral and intergovernmental agencies. Excluded are loans from funds administered by an international organization on behalf of a single donor government; these are classified as loans from governments.The central bank is the financial institution (or institutions) that exercises control over key aspects of the financial system. The monetary authority, normally the agency that issues currency and holds the country’s international reserves. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

Jamaica JM: External Debt: DOD: Stocks: Central Bank data was reported at 6.701 USD mn in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 9.880 USD mn for 2021. Jamaica JM: External Debt: DOD: Stocks: Central Bank data is updated yearly, averaging 59.225 USD mn from Dec 1975 (Median) to 2022, with 48 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 547.157 USD mn in 1985 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in 1975. Jamaica JM: External Debt: DOD: Stocks: Central Bank data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Jamaica – Table JM.World Bank.IDS: External Debt: Debt Outstanding, Debt Ratio and Debt Service: Annual. Central Bank debt position at end of the reference period. The central bank is the financial institution (or institutions) that exercises control over key aspects of the financial system. The monetary authority, normally the agency that issues currency and holds the country’s international reserves.Data are in current U.S. dollars.