In 2024, renewable sources accounted for ***** percent of the electricity generated in the United States. The share of renewables in the country's electricity generation has been continually increasing for over a decade. In addition, renewables accounted for over ** percent of the power capacity additions in the U.S. in the same year. Renewable energy sources in the U.S. Wind power was the leading renewable energy source in the country, accounting for over ** percent of the total electricity supply in the U.S., followed by hydropower. Renewable energy generation in the U.S. amounted to *** terawatt-hours in 2023. The growth of renewables in the U.S. According to a recent forecast, the renewable electricity capacity in the U.S. is projected to triple between 2022 and 2040 in a reference scenario, although this figure could be higher in the case of low renewable cost. In 2023, onshore wind and solar photovoltaic energy had some of the lowest levelized cost of electricity in the country.

The statistic shows the proportion of renewable energy sources in the total U.S. energy consumption between 2000 and 2018. In 2018, renewable energy sources accounted for around 11.3 percent of the country's energy consumption.

In 2023, renewable energy sources accounted for about 21 percent of the total electricity generated in the United States. Of that share, wind power accounted for the largest proportion of U.S. electricity generation, at roughly 10 percent. Geothermal, on the other hand, accounted for just 0.4 percent of the electricity generated in the U.S. that year.

Solar power companies have skyrocketed, propelled by improvements in the technologies used for electricity generation and government incentives, like the renewable portfolio standard (RPS) targets. RPS legislation requires local utility companies to diversify their portfolio and generate percentages of their energy production through renewable resources. Increases in public support for green energy led to tax incentives and grants to encourage investment in solar power. This has led to more companies powering facilities with solar power, driving growth. Revenue has swelled at a CAGR of 23.2% to $32.6 billion through the end of 2025, including a 34.1% uptick in 2025 alone. Government assistance from federal and state entities led to significant growth in solar power. The number of solar projects has skyrocketed, exemplifying a triumph for energy policy in solar power, which has historically struggled to compete with traditional power sources. Government programs like credits, grants and tax exemptions have allowed many companies to overcome the high entry costs of solar power and support solar energy development. The declines in the price of inputs over the past few decades have lowered operational costs, bolstering profit. Tax credits have also bolstered the number of solar panel manufacturers in the US, allowing the industry to face little setback after tariff waivers on foreign panels expired. Through 2030, many trends that have allowed the industry to succeed will continue. Government tax credits will remain active, allowing solar power companies to compete with other energy sources. The domestic solar panel manufacturing surge will enable companies to source panels much more quickly, letting solar power expand rapidly. Even so, the new Trump administration has been vocal in supporting fossil fuels and has stated it plans to expand oil and gas production, which may weaken solar power. Nonetheless, upgrades in technology will enable solar panels to become more efficient, bringing down the cost and allowing them to achieve grid parity in states where solar is price-competitive. Revenue will expand at a CAGR of 20.5% to $82.9 billion through 2030.

Throughout the past decade, the United States has been notably decreasing its use of coal, and increasing the use of natural gas and renewable energy sources for electricity generation. In 2024, natural gas was by far the largest source of electricity in the North American country, with a generation share of 43 percent. Renewable energy's share amounted to 24 percent that year.

Proportion of cumulative energy produced from 2012 to 2040 in the United States for four scenarios.

The leading countries for installed renewable energy in 2024 were China, the United States, and Brazil. China was the leader in renewable energy installations, with a capacity of around 1,827 gigawatts. The U.S., in second place, had a capacity of around 428 gigawatts. Renewable energy is an important step in addressing climate change and mitigating the consequences of this phenomenon. Renewable energy capacity and productionRenewable power capacity is defined as the maximum generating capacity of installations that use renewable sources to generate electricity. The share of renewable energy in the world’s power production has increased in recent years, surpassing 30 percent in 2023. Renewable energy consumption varies from country to country. The leading countries for renewable energy consumption are China, the United States, and Canada.Renewable energy sourcesThere are various sources of renewable energy used globally, including bioenergy, solar energy, hydropower, and wind energy, to name a few. Globally, China and Brazil are the top two countries in terms of generating the most energy through hydropower. Regarding solar power, China, the United States, and Japan boast the highest installed capacities worldwide.

Our review focuses on statistical data on the relationship between electricity prices and emissions, energy availability, and energy consumption in 2017–2020. We used the nonparametric method of data envelopment analysis (DEA) as a methodological basis for analyzing the impact of the "green policy" on electricity consumption in the regions of Russia and regression analysis to quantify dependencies between the parameter. The results of the DEA allowed us to check the effectiveness of the ratio of costs (emissions) and results (electricity consumption by the population and industry). The results of the regression analysis allowed us to find the equation of the relationship between the amount of electricity generated by a renewable energy source (RES), the amount of consumption, and average electricity prices. The obtained equations proved the strong influence of an increase in the amount of energy generated from renewable energy sources on the average electricity price increase and a decrease in energy consumption. In the conclusion, we talk about the low elasticity of the demand for electricity from the Russian population and the significant impact of electricity generated by the RES on increasing the average prices of energy producers and reducing energy consumption.

Our review focuses on statistical data on the relationship between electricity prices and emissions, energy availability, and energy consumption in 2017–2020. We used the nonparametric method of data envelopment analysis (DEA) as a methodological basis for analyzing the impact of the "green policy" on electricity consumption in the regions of Russia and regression analysis to quantify dependencies between the parameter. The results of the DEA allowed us to check the effectiveness of the ratio of costs (emissions) and results (electricity consumption by the population and industry). The results of the regression analysis allowed us to find the equation of the relationship between the amount of electricity generated by a renewable energy source (RES), the amount of consumption, and average electricity prices. The obtained equations proved the strong influence of an increase in the amount of energy generated from renewable energy sources on the average electricity price increase and a decrease in energy consumption. In the conclusion, we talk about the low elasticity of the demand for electricity from the Russian population and the significant impact of electricity generated by the RES on increasing the average prices of energy producers and reducing energy consumption.

In recent years, scrutiny over the environmental impact of more traditional energy sources has translated into a rapid growth of renewables. The share of energy from renewable sources used in electricity generation worldwide has been rising annually, reaching roughly **** percent in 2024. Increasing capacity and production As renewable shares continue to grow, so does the installed capacity. Since 2010 the cumulative renewable energy capacity has risen from *** terawatts to *** terawatts in 2024. Renewable electricity production has also increased significantly, rising to *** petawatt hours in 2022. Despite this impressive and steady growth, the consumption of renewable energy still pales in comparison when compared to fossil fuel energy consumption. Consumption on the rise In the past two decades, global consumption of renewables has risen from just ** exajoules in 2000, to over ** exajoules in 2023. Globally, both China and the United States are the leading consumers of renewable energy, with a combined consumption of ** exajoules.

The global natural gas-fired power generation market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing energy demand, particularly in developing economies, and a growing emphasis on cleaner energy sources compared to coal. The market's relatively low carbon emissions compared to other fossil fuels, coupled with its established infrastructure and readily available supply in many regions, makes it a preferred transitional energy source as nations strive to meet climate goals. Technological advancements, such as the development of more efficient gas turbines and combined cycle power plants, are further boosting market expansion. While renewable energy sources are gaining traction, natural gas power plants offer crucial grid stability and flexibility, serving as a reliable backup to intermittent renewable generation. This inherent flexibility is a significant factor driving market growth, especially as countries integrate higher proportions of solar and wind power. The market segmentation reveals a strong focus on both power generation types and end-use applications, reflecting diversified needs and market opportunities. Key players are strategically investing in capacity expansion and technological upgrades to maintain competitiveness. Geographic analysis indicates that North America and Asia-Pacific are leading regional markets, fueled by high energy consumption and supportive government policies. However, stricter environmental regulations in certain regions and the increasing competitiveness of renewable energy sources present challenges to market growth. Despite these challenges, the long-term outlook for the natural gas-fired power generation market remains positive. The transition to cleaner energy sources is not instantaneous, and natural gas will continue to play a pivotal role as a bridge fuel in the coming decades. Furthermore, technological improvements are continually enhancing the efficiency and environmental performance of natural gas power plants, mitigating some of the environmental concerns. The ongoing investments in infrastructure development and the strategic partnerships between energy companies and governments are expected to propel market growth. The market's evolution will largely depend on the pace of renewable energy adoption, the effectiveness of carbon capture and storage technologies, and the overall regulatory environment surrounding greenhouse gas emissions. This makes long-term forecasting challenging but indicative of sustained market dynamism.

Facility-level industrial combustion energy use is calculated from greenhouse gas emissions data reported by large emitters (>25,000 metric tons CO2e per year) under the U.S. EPA's Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program (GHGRP, https://www.epa.gov/ghgreporting). The calculation applies EPA default emissions factors to reported fuel use by fuel type. Additional facility information is included with calculated combustion energy values, such as industry type (six-digit NAICS code), location (lat, long, zip code, county, and state), combustion unit type, and combustion unit name. Further identification of combustion energy use is provided by calculating energy end use (e.g., conventional boiler use, co-generation/CHP use, process heating, other facility support) by manufacturing NAICS code. Manufacturing facilities are matched by their NAICS code and reported fuel type with the proportion of combustion fuel energy for each end use category identified in the 2010 Energy Information Administration Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey (MECS, http://www.eia.gov/consumption/manufacturing/data/2010/). MECS data are adjusted to account for data that were withheld or whose end use was unspecified following the procedure described in Fox, Don B., Daniel Sutter, and Jefferson W. Tester. 2011. The Thermal Spectrum of Low-Temperature Energy Use in the United States, NY: Cornell Energy Institute.

Petroleum is the primary source of energy in the United States, with a consumption of 35.35 quadrillion British thermal units in 2024. Closely following, the U.S. had 34.2 quadrillion British thermal units of energy derived from natural gas. Energy consumption by sector in the United States Petroleum is predominantly utilized as a fuel in the transportation sector, which is also the second-largest consumer of energy in the U.S. with almost 30 percent of the country’s total energy consumption in 2024. This figure is topped only by the energy-guzzling industrial sector, a major consumer of fossil fuels such as petroleum and natural gas. Renewable energy in the United States Despite the prevalence of fossil fuels in the U.S. energy mix, the use of renewable energy consumption has grown immensely in the last decades to approximately 11 exajoules in 2023. Most of the renewable energy produced in the U.S. is derived from biomass, hydro and wind sources. In 2024, renewable electricity accounted for approximately 24 percent of the nation’s total electricity generation.

Life cycle analysis (LCA) is an environmental assessment method that quantifies the environmental performance of a product system over its entire lifetime, from cradle to grave. Based on a set of relevant metrics, the method is aptly suited for comparing the environmental performance of competing products systems. This file contains LCA data and results for electric power production including geothermal power. The LCA for electric power has been broken down into two life cycle stages, namely plant and fuel cycles. Relevant metrics include the energy ratio and greenhouse gas (GHG) ratios, where the former is the ratio of system input energy to total lifetime electrical energy out and the latter is the ratio of the sum of all incurred greenhouse gases (in CO2 equivalents) divided by the same energy output. Specific information included herein are material to power (MPR) ratios for a range of power technologies for conventional thermoelectric, renewables (including three geothermal power technologies), and coproduced natural gas/geothermal power. For the geothermal power scenarios, the MPRs include the casing, cement, diesel, and water requirements for drilling wells and topside piping. Also included herein are energy and GHG ratios for plant and fuel cycle stages for the range of considered electricity generating technologies. Some of this information are MPR data extracted directly from the literature or from models (eg. ICARUS - a subset of ASPEN models) and others (energy and GHG ratios) are results calculated using GREET models and MPR data. MPR data for wells included herein were based on the Argonne well materials model and GETEM well count results.

United States US: Energy Intensity Level of Primary Energy: MJ per PPP of(GDP) Gross Domestic Product2011 Price data was reported at 5.408 MJ in 2015. This records a decrease from the previous number of 5.621 MJ for 2014. United States US: Energy Intensity Level of Primary Energy: MJ per PPP of(GDP) Gross Domestic Product2011 Price data is updated yearly, averaging 6.994 MJ from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2015, with 26 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8.743 MJ in 1991 and a record low of 5.408 MJ in 2015. United States US: Energy Intensity Level of Primary Energy: MJ per PPP of(GDP) Gross Domestic Product2011 Price data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.World Bank: Energy Production and Consumption. Energy intensity level of primary energy is the ratio between energy supply and gross domestic product measured at purchasing power parity. Energy intensity is an indication of how much energy is used to produce one unit of economic output. Lower ratio indicates that less energy is used to produce one unit of output.; ; World Bank, Sustainable Energy for All (SE4ALL) database from the SE4ALL Global Tracking Framework led jointly by the World Bank, International Energy Agency, and the Energy Sector Management Assistance Program.; Weighted Average;

United States US: Access to Clean Fuels and Technologies for Cooking: % of Population data was reported at 100.000 % in 2016. This stayed constant from the previous number of 100.000 % for 2015. United States US: Access to Clean Fuels and Technologies for Cooking: % of Population data is updated yearly, averaging 100.000 % from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2016, with 17 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 100.000 % in 2016 and a record low of 100.000 % in 2016. United States US: Access to Clean Fuels and Technologies for Cooking: % of Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.World Bank.WDI: Energy Production and Consumption. Access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking is the proportion of total population primarily using clean cooking fuels and technologies for cooking. Under WHO guidelines, kerosene is excluded from clean cooking fuels.; ; World Bank, Sustainable Energy for All (SE4ALL) database from WHO Global Household Energy database.; Weighted average;

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The wind turbine foundation market share is expected to increase by USD 8.50 billion from 2020 to 2025, and the market’s growth momentum will accelerate at a CAGR of 7.37%.

This wind turbine foundation market research report provides valuable insights on the post COVID-19 impact on the market, which will help companies evaluate their business approaches. Furthermore, this report extensively covers wind turbine foundation market segmentation by application (onshore and offshore) and geography (APAC, Europe, North America, MEA, and South America). The wind turbine foundation market report also offers information on several market vendors, including ArcelorMittal SA, Bladt Industries AS, Blue H Engineering BV, ENERCON GmbH, Equinor ASA, Offshore Wind Power Systems of Texas LLC, Orsted AS, Peikko Group Corp., Ramboll Group AS, and Suzlon Energy Ltd. among others.

What will the Wind Turbine Foundation Market Size be During the Forecast Period?

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Wind Turbine Foundation Market: Key Drivers, Trends, and Challenges

The change in energy mix is notably driving the wind turbine foundation market growth, although factors such as competition from alternative renewable sources of energy may impede market growth. Our research analysts have studied the historical data and deduced the key market drivers and the COVID-19 pandemic impact on the wind turbine foundation industry. The holistic analysis of the drivers will help in deducing end goals and refining marketing strategies to gain a competitive edge.

Key Wind Turbine Foundation Market Driver

The energy mix is defined as the use of different proportions of energy sources such as fossil fuels, nuclear energy, and renewable energy to meet energy needs. Change in the energy mix because of factors such as evolving policy measures and technological advances will foster the growth of the market. The demand for energy is driven by the growing global population and rising disposable income in developing countries. The growing contribution of renewable energy sources in the global energy mix has resulted in the increased installations of wind towers, which, in turn, has driven the growth of the wind turbine foundation market.

Key Wind Turbine Foundation Market Trend

The rapid installation of offshore wind farms is one of the key emerging trends in the wind turbine foundation market. Of late, the offshore wind market has gained prominence in the global quest for installing clean and sustainable energy sources. Offshore wind farms are witnessing rapid installation because they have better operational conditions when compared with onshore farms. With offshore wind farms, much larger fans can be installed, which leads to a higher input even with a smaller number of turbines. The advantages have led to the approval of a wide-scale installation of offshore wind farms across multiple locations, which, in turn, will augment the wind turbine foundation market.

Key Wind Turbine Foundation Market Challenge

In the renewables sector, wind energy faces stiff competition from solar energy and hydropower. Of all the renewable sources of energy that are available, solar power has emerged as one of the least expensive sources of clean energy. The declining cost of solar energy generation due to initiatives and subsidies by governments, as well as competitive bidding processes, have significantly increased the number of solar PV panel installations globally. Hydropower is also considered one of the most common and least expensive forms of renewable energy. Therefore, the above-mentioned factors have resulted in the growing dependence on alternative sources of energy, such as solar and hydro, which is a challenge for the growth of the wind industry, which, in turn, will adversely affect the growth of the wind turbine foundation market.

This wind turbine foundation market analysis report also provides detailed information on other upcoming trends and challenges that will have a far-reaching effect on the market growth. The actionable insights on the trends and challenges will help companies evaluate and develop growth strategies for 2021-2025.

Parent Market Analysis

The growth in the global renewable electricity market will be driven by factors such as supporting policies and targets for deployment of renewable power, declining costs of renewable energy technologies, and increasing demand for renewable power due to environmental concerns. Our research report has extensively covered external factors influencing the parent market growth potential in the coming years, which will determine the levels of growth of the wind turbine foundation market during the forecast period.

Who are the Major Wind Turbine Foundation Market Vendors?

The report analyzes the market’s competitive land

The global Transformer Turn Ratio Tester market is experiencing robust growth, driven by the increasing demand for reliable and efficient power grid infrastructure and the expansion of renewable energy sources. The market size in 2025 is estimated at $250 million, exhibiting a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 7% from 2025 to 2033. This growth is fueled by several key factors. Firstly, stringent safety regulations and the need for regular maintenance of transformers are increasing the adoption of these testers. Secondly, technological advancements, such as the development of handheld and box-type testers with improved accuracy and portability, are enhancing market appeal. The research institution and power sector segments are major contributors to market growth, while emerging applications in other industries are expected to further fuel expansion. However, the high initial investment cost of sophisticated testers and the availability of alternative testing methods pose certain restraints. Geographic expansion is another significant driver. North America and Europe currently hold substantial market shares due to advanced infrastructure and strong regulatory frameworks. However, Asia-Pacific, particularly China and India, are witnessing rapid growth due to ongoing infrastructure development and rising electricity consumption. This regional shift presents significant opportunities for manufacturers to expand their market presence and capitalize on the increasing demand in developing economies. Competition in the market is intense, with both established players and emerging companies vying for market share through innovation, strategic partnerships, and expansion into new geographic markets. The focus is shifting towards advanced features such as automated testing, data logging, and remote monitoring capabilities, indicating a trend towards more efficient and intelligent testing solutions.

Understanding the residential energy consumption patterns across multiple income groups under decarbonization scenarios is crucial for designing equitable and effective energy policies that address climate change while minimizing disparities. This dataset is developed using an integrated human-Earth system model, supported by the Grid Operations, Decarbonization, Environmental and Energy Equity Platform (GODEEEP) Investment at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL).

GCAM-USA operates within the Global Change Analysis Model, which represents the behavior of, and interactions between, different sectors or systems, including the energy system, the economy, agriculture and land use, water, and the climate. GCAM is one of only a few integrated global human-Earth system models, also known as Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs), which address key processes in inter-linked human and earth systems and provide insights into future global environmental change under alternative scenarios (IAMC, 2022).

GCAM has global coverage with varying spatial disaggregation depending on the type of system being modeled. For energy and economy systems, 32 regions across the globe, including the USA as its own region, are modeled in GCAM. GCAM-USA advances with greater spatial detail in the USA region, which includes 50 States plus the District of Columbia (hereinafter “state”). The core operating principle for GCAM and GCAM-USA is market equilibrium. The model solves every market simultaneously at each time step where supply equals demand and prices are endogenous in the model. The official documentation of GCAM and GCAM-USA can be found at: https://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/toc.html

The dataset included in this repository is based on an improved version of GCAM-USA v6, where multiple consumer groups, differentiated by the average income level for 10 population deciles, are represented in the residential building energy sector. As of May 15, 2023, the latest officially released version of GCAM-USA has a single consumer (represented by average GDP per capita) in the residential sector and thus does not include this feature. This multiple-consumer feature is important because (1) demand for residential floorspace and energy are non-linear in income, so modeling more income groups improves the representation of total demand and (2) this feature allows us to explore the distributional effects of policies on these different income groups and the resulting disparity across the groups in terms of residential energy security. If you need more information, please contact the corresponding author.

Here, we ran GCAM-USA with the multiple-consumer feature described above under four scenarios over 2015-2045 (Table 1), including two business-as-usual scenarios and two decarbonization scenarios (with and without the impacts of climate change on heating and cooling demand). This repository contains the key output variables related to the residential building energy sector under the four scenarios, including:

• income shares by consumer groups at each state over 2015-2045 (Casper et al. 2022)
• residential energy consumption per capita by service and fuel, by state and income group, 2015-2045
• residential energy service output (energy consumption * technology efficiency) per capita by service, fuel, and technology, by state and income group, 2015-2045
• estimated energy burden (Eq.1), by state and income group, 2015-2045
• residential heating service inequality (Eq.2), by state, 2015-2045

Table 1

Eq. 1

\(Energy\ burden_i = \dfrac{\sum_j (service\ output_{i,j} * service\ cost_j)}{GDP_i}\)

for income group i and service j

Eq. 2

\(Residential\ heating\ service\ inequality = \dfrac{S_{d10}}{(S_{d1} +S_{d2} + S_{d3} + S_{d4})}\)

where S is the residential heating service output per capita of the highest income group (d10) divided by the sum of that of the lowest four income groups (d1, d2, d3, and d4), similar to the Palma ratio often used for measuring income inequality. A higher Palma ratio indicates a greater degree of inequality.

Reference

Casper, Kelly, Narayan, Kanishka B., O'Neill, Brian C., & Waldhoff, Stephanie. 2022. State level income distributions for net income deciles for the US for historical years (2011-2014) and projections for different SSP scenarios (2015-2100) (latest version obtained from the authors on April 6, 2023) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7227128

IAMC. 2022. The common Integrated Assessment Model (IAM) documentation [Online]. Integrated Assessment Consortium. Available: https://www.iamcdocumentation.eu/index.php/IAMC_wiki [Accessed May 2023].

This research was supported by the Grid Operations, Decarbonization, Environmental and Energy Equity Platform (GODEEEP) Investment, under the Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL).

PNNL is a multi-program national laboratory operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) by Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract No. DE-AC05-76RL01830.

Six metrics were used to determine Population Vulnerability: global population size, annual occurrence in the California Current System (CCS), percent of the population present in the CCS, threat status, breeding score, and annual adult survival. Global Population size (POP)—to determine population size estimates for each species we gathered information tabulated by American Bird Conservancy, Birdlife International, and other primary sources. Proportion of Population in CCS (CCSpop)—for each species, we generated the population size within the CCS by averaging region-wide population estimates, or by combining state estimates for California, Oregon, and Washington for each species (if estimates were not available for a region or state, “NA” was recorded in place of a value) and then dividing the CCSpop value by the estimated global population size (POP) to yield the percentage of the population occurring in the CCS. Annual Occurrence in the CCS (AO)—for each species, we estimated the number of months per year within the CCS and binned this estimate into three categories: 1–4 months, 5–8 months, or 9–12 months. Threat Status (TS)—for each species, we used the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) species threat status (IUCN 2014) and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife national threat status lists (USFWS 2014) to determine TS values for each species. If available, we also evaluated threat status values from state and international agencies. Breeding Score (BR)—we determined the degree to which a species breeds and feeds its young in the CCS according to 3 categories: breeds in the CCS, may breed in the CCS, or does not breed in the CCS. Adult Survival (AS)—for each species, we referenced information to estimate adult annual survival, because adult survival among marine birds in general is the most important demographic factor that can affect population growth rate and therefore inform vulnerability. These data support the following publication: Adams, J., Kelsey, E.C., Felis J.J., and Pereksta, D.M., 2016, Collision and displacement vulnerability among marine birds of the California Current System associated with offshore wind energy infrastructure: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016-1154, 116 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161154. These data were revisied in June 2017 and the revision published in August 2017. Please be advised to use CCS_vulnerability_FINAL_VERSION_v9_PV.csv