In 2023, electronics, computers, and components exports had the largest value amongst Vietnam's major commodities, at approximately 57.3 billion U.S. dollars. Meanwhile, phones and related components contributed around 52.4 billion U.S. dollars to total export earnings that year.

Vietnam – An export-driven country

Vietnam had greatly increased its volume and value of international trade since implementing economic reforms, or Đổi Mới in 1986. After Đổi Mới, Vietnam's trade balance recorded its first trade surplus in 2012 at around 750 million U.S. dollars. In 2019, Vietnam saw a negative growth rate of worldwide exports for the first time since 2010, with a total export value reaching over 361.93 billion U.S. dollars that year. The country’s main export partners include the United States, the European Union, China, Japan, and South Korea.

International trade agreements

In 2019, Vietnam signed several significant trade agreements such as the EU-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement (EVFTA), which led to the reduction of tariffs and customs duties for both Vietnam and the European Union, as well as the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), which not only gave Canada access to the Vietnamese market, but also facilitated the integration of Vietnam in the global value chain.

Exports in Vietnam decreased to 31.11 USD Billion in February from 33.09 USD Billion in January of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Vietnam Exports - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

In 2023, the manufacturing sector made a significant contribution of over 2.4 quadrillion Vietnamese dong to the gross domestic product (GDP) of Vietnam, thereby achieving the highest contribution across all sectors. The agriculture, forestry, and fishery sector accounted for the second-largest GDP contribution, followed by the wholesale and retail trade, vehicles, and motorcycle repairs sector. The expansion of Vietnam's manufacturing sector The manufacturing sector has been a fundamental component of Vietnam's economy for many years, consistently driving its expansion since 2015, evidenced by its steadily increasing gross domestic product (GDP) value. This is further highlighted by the escalating number of newly established businesses within the sector, reaching a peak in 2022 with the highest recorded number of enterprises in seven years. Furthermore, the manufacturing sector has emerged as the main driver of Vietnam's export figures. Key export segments within the manufacturing sector include electronics, computers, and components, alongside mobile phones and spare parts, as well as textile and footwear products. Hai Phong City - A rising force in Vietnam's manufacturing landscape Hai Phong has emerged as a pivotal manufacturing hub in northern Vietnam, alongside Bac Ninh and Bac Giang. The city accounted for five percent of the newly registered foreign direct investment (FDI) in the manufacturing sector during the first nine months of 2023. Furthermore, home to one of Vietnam's largest harbors, Hai Phong has strengthened its trading position, handling the highest volume of Vietnam’s domestic sea cargo at 8.75 million metric tons in 2022. The city is also home to VinFast, a pioneering electric car manufacturer in Vietnam, with significant electric vehicle sales recorded in the first half of 2023.

In 2023, over 13.8 million people worked in the agriculture, forestry, and fishing sector in Vietnam, making this sector the largest employer among all industries. By comparison, the manufacturing industry employed approximately 11.9 million people, making it the second-highest employed population that year. Employment shift: from agriculture to non-agriculture sectors Although agriculture was still the sector employing the most people in Vietnam, the workforce in this sector has been shrinking fast across the last decade. At the same time, other sectors that are the main driving forces behind the reformed Vietnamese economy have been benefiting from this employment trend. For instance, the manufacturing sector’s share of total employment has been growing in recent years, reaching over 21 percent in 2022, compared to under 14 percent at the beginning of the decade. Vietnam’s export-oriented economy Since its economic reform at the end of the 1980s, Vietnam has positioned itself as an export-oriented economy. This has come hand in hand with the mentioned employment shift, as the manufacturing sector has been responsible for the majority of the country’s most important export commodities, such as mobile phones, electronics, and textiles. On the other hand, coming from an economy previously highly dependent on agriculture, products from this sector, namely timber and aquaculture products, have also contributed to Vietnam’s export income.

Manufactures exports (% of merchandise exports) in Vietnam was reported at 85.83 % in 2022, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Vietnam - Manufactures exports (% of merchandise exports) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on June of 2025.

Vietnam’s real gross domestic product (GDP) has been experiencing positive growth for the past five years since 2019, and is projected to continue to do so through 2030. In 2023, Vietnam’s real GDP increased by around five percent compared to the previous year. Learning from real GDP Real gross domestic product (GDP) is a measure that reflects the value of all goods and services an economy produces within a given year. It is expressed in base-year prices, and is thus an inflation-adjusted way to compare a country’s economic output through the years. The GDP growth rate is a significant indicator of a country’s economic health, as it reacts to the economy’s expansions and contractions. Vietnam’s optimistic future As indicated by the positive growth rate of its real GDP, Vietnam’s economy is expanding due to growth in exports, domestic demand, and the manufacturing sector. As the economy expands, so does the total expenditure of Vietnamese consumers. The average monthly income per capita in Vietnam increased to almost 3.8 percent in 2018, and is spent on fast moving consumer goods from popular brands like Vinamilk and P/S.

In 2023, India's manufacturing sector's GDP share was around 13 percent. The share remained the same as compared to the last year and declined from 17 percent in 2010. Value added is the net output of the manufacturing sector after adding all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. The manufacturing sector employs over 27 million workers. Boosting manufacturing As global economies aim to reduce reliance on China or adopt a China-plus strategy, India has emerged as a potent alternative manufacturing hub. The Make in India initiative was launched to foster and strengthen India’s global manufacturing status by enhancing foreign direct investments, skill development, and updating manufacturing infrastructure. Under the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme, companies are incentivized to promote domestic production and enhance manufacturing competitiveness. Despite efforts, experts expressed doubts about the government’s ambition to raise the share of manufacturing to GDP to 25 percent by 2025.
Hurdles for manufacturing As per the World Bank, India’s share in global trade has not kept pace with its rapidly growing economy. It is losing ground to countries like Bangladesh and Vietnam in key low-cost and low-skill manufacturing export sectors. Manufacturing productivity in India has remained low. and the availability of capital also remains an obstacle for the manufacturing sector. Inadequate investments in technology, infrastructure, and research and development (R&D) can also impact productivity growth. Other factors include regulatory compliance burdens, complex labor laws, red tape, and inefficient supply chains.

India had the highest export volume of rice worldwide, at 22 million metric tons as of 2024/2025. Thailand was the second largest rice exporter, with about 7.5 million metric tons of rice worldwide in that year. Global rice supply In the last few years, the global rice supply amounted to over 700 million metric tons of milled equivalent each year. The production of milled rice was projected to amount to almost 503 million metric tons worldwide in 2023. Among the many varieties of rice, U.S. California medium-grain rice had the highest export price and India 25% rice the lowest average export price per ton in 2022. Global rice consumption Between 2008 and 2022, global rice consumption increased by over 80 million metric tons, from 437 million metric tons to around 520 million metric tons. In 2022/2023, the top three countries for rice consumption were China, India, and Bangladesh. That year, about 155 million metric tons of rice were consumed in China.

In 2023, natural rubber production worldwide amounted to 14.5 million metric tons. Production has more than doubled since 2000, when a total of around 6.8 million metric tons of natural rubber was produced globally. Thailand leads production amid Asian dominance Thailand has emerged as the world's leading producer of natural rubber, accounting for approximately one-third of global production, with 4.7 million metric tons in 2023. This underscores the dominance of Southeast Asian countries in natural rubber production, with Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam, and Malaysia collectively responsible for about 70 percent of global exports by value in 2022. The region's climate and historical cultivation practices have solidified Asia's position as the primary source of natural rubber, producing roughly 90 percent of the world's supply. China drives global consumption China stands out as the world's largest consumer of natural rubber, using 5.7 million metric tons in 2022, which represents over 40 percent of global consumption. The country's massive manufacturing sector, particularly its automotive and tire industries, fuels this demand. India and the United States follow as the second and third-largest consumers, respectively. The global consumption of natural rubber reached 13.9 million metric tons in 2023, slightly outpaced by synthetic rubber at 14.9 million metric tons. This substantial consumption of both natural and synthetic rubber highlights the material's critical role in modern industry and everyday products.

In 2023, fish was the main aquaculture product in Vietnam by production volume, with farming and catching volumes reaching around 3.63 million metric tons and 2.98 million metric tons, respectively. The total volume of aquaculture products across the country amounted to approximately 9.11 million metric tons in 2022, reflecting a year-on-year increase of over three percent. Main seafood products Home to a diverse variety of freshwater and saltwater species, Vietnam is also one of the global leaders in exporting several fish species, such as pangasius or catfish. Besides fish, shrimp is also one of Vietnam’s key seafood products for both consumption and exports. In 2021, the export value of shrimp accounted for over one-third of the total export value of seafood in Vietnam. The country sources the majority of its consumed and exported shrimps from cultivation in both marine and inland farms. Fishery and aquaculture in Vietnam Despite the declining contribution of the agriculture, forestry, and fishing industry to Vietnam’s gross domestic product (GDP), the fishery and aquaculture sector remains a crucial driver of the socio-economic development in the country, significantly contributing to food security and employment. With a coastline spanning over three thousand kilometers and other rich geological endowments, Vietnam boasts a strong fishing industry that dates back hundreds of years. The country is also among the world's leading aquaculture producing and exporting countries.

In 2023, oil production in Vietnam amounted to approximately 188 thousand barrels a day. In that year, oil consumption in the country was around 602,000 barrels a day. Industrialization, market reforms, export market expansion and rapid economic growth have increased domestic energy consumption in the past years. Crude oil sector in Vietnam Most of Vietnam's crude oil and natural gas reserves lie offshore, primarily in the Cuu Long and the Nam Con Son basins. In 2021, Vietnam’s additional oil and gas reserves stood at 13.5 million metric tons. The country's leading export markets for crude oil are Thailand, Australia and Japan. In 2022, Vietnam ranked seventh in the Asia Pacific region in terms of oil production.Vietnam Oil and Gas Group (PetroVietnam) PetroVietnam (PVN) was established in 1975 with its headquarters in Hanoi. The company is a state-owned corporation which is engaged in the exploration, production, processing and marketing of oil and gas. PVN owns and operates two refinery plants, two fertilizer plants, two biofuel plants and one fiber plant. Furthermore, PVN is among the largest power producers in Vietnam.

In 2023, the manufacturing sector accounted for 64.2 percent of the total foreign direct investment (FDI) in Vietnam. FDI firms were responsible for producing the majority of many export products in Vietnam, including computers, electronic devices, and mobile phones.

In 2022, the green coffee production in Vietnam amounted to close to 1.9 million tons. Comparatively, approximately 11.52 tons of green coffee were produced in Samoa in 2022.

In the 2023/24 period, approximately 3.3 million 60kg bags of coffee was consumed in Vietnam. The domestic consumption of coffee in the country was forecasted to remain increase to 3.6 million 60kg bags in the next year. Coffee drinking culture  Introduced by the French in the 19th century, coffee drinking has become a deep-rooted habit among many Vietnamese today. Traditionally, Vietnamese coffee is brewed in individual portions using a special filter and often served hot or cold with condensed milk to balance the strong, bitter Robusta flavor. Apart from the traditional Vietnamese coffee, other ways of preparation were also introduced with the expansion of international and local coffee chains and have grown in popularity among young people. Highlands Coffee, The Coffee House, and Phuc Long were the leading coffee shop brands in Vietnam in 2022, based on the number of stores. Coffee production and exports  Both Robusta and Arabica beans are grown in Vietnam, though Robusta makes up most of the coffee production volume in the country. In the 2024/25 period, the production volume of Robusta coffee in Vietnam was forecast to reach over 29 million 60-kg bags, while the Arabica coffee production volume would reach around 1.1 million 60-kg bags. As one of the leading coffee exporters worldwide, Vietnam’s volume of coffee exports was expected to record approximately 24.4 million 60-kg bags during the 2024/25 period.

In February 2024, Brazil exported the highest volume of coffee worldwide. The volume stood at about 3.6 million 60-kilogram bags of coffee. Global coffee industryCoffee is the second-largest traded commodity (after oil) in the world. All coffee is grown in the global south of the world and is mostly consumed in the global north. Based on 2015 figures, the Netherlands had the highest per capita consumption of coffee. Regarding market fundamentals, total coffee production increased from 133.99 million bags in 2010/11 to approximately 171 million bags in 2018/19. The origin of coffee can be traced back to 1000 AD to Ethiopia. Arab traders are thought to have brought it to North Africa, from where it spread to Asia and Europe. Coffee's spectacular rise as a commercial commodity started with large-scale plantations in Latin America in the late 18th century. By the 19th century, Brazil commanded more than 70 percent share of the world market. However, not as dominant, Brazil remains the leading coffee producing country in the world today.New consumption patterns have emerged with the growing importance of specialty, fair trade, organic and even 'bird-friendly' coffees. Coffee bar chains have spread dramatically, although the relative coffee content of the final consumption 'experience' in these outlets is extremely low. Coffee bar chains sell an ambience and a social positioning more than just 'good' coffee. The global coffee chain has gone through a 'latte revolution', where consumers can choose from hundreds of combinations of coffee variety, origin, brewing and grinding methods, flavoring, packaging and ambience. Retail coffee prices continue to rise and roasters are capturing increased profit margin while coffee farmers receive prices below the cost of production.

During the 2023/24 period, global coffee imports amounted to a total of 137 million 60-kilogram bags. In the same period, around 142 million bags were exported worldwide. Coffee export countries In February 2024, Brazil exported the highest volume of coffee worldwide. The country exported roughly 3.6 million 60-kilo bags that month. Vietnam and Colombia stood in second and third place, exporting approximately 2.7 and 1.1 million sacks, respectively. In terms of global coffee production, Brazil also led the list, producing 69 million 60-kilo bags worth of coffee in 2020. Brazil produced over twice as much as Vietnam that year. Brazilian green coffee Brazil, which is known as one of the top coffee exporting countries worldwide, produced the highest volume of green coffee in Latin America by far in 2024/25. The South American country produced almost 48 million 60-kilogram sacks of green coffee that year. Colombia ranked second, producing just over 12 million green coffee bags.

Global coffee production reached 178 million 60-kilogram bags as of 2023/24, increasing from about 168 million 60-kilogram bags in 2021/2022. The majority of the world’s coffee is produced by South America, specifically Brazil. Leading coffee producers In 2020, Brazil produced 69 million 60-kilogram bags of coffee. Vietnam is the second leading producer of coffee, at 29 million 60-kilogram bags of coffee in that year. Brazil also exports a higher volume of coffee than Vietnam, at about 3.6 million 60-kilogram bags as of February 2024. Coffee consumption in the United States Coffee is one of the most popular beverages in the United States. Americans on average consume a little under two cups of coffee on a daily basis. Coffee consumption seems to generally increase with age, with 18 to 19 years old consuming about one cup of coffee per day, and Americans aged 70 years or older consuming over two cups of coffee per day. As of 2024, the most popular kind of coffee brewer among American consumers is the drip coffee maker.

China was the world’s leading producer of footwear in 2022, with a total of approximately 13 billion pairs of shoes produced. China, India, Vietnam, and Indonesia are leaders in footwear production, which highlights the domination of the Asia Pacific (APAC) region in this industry. These four countries accounted for over 75 percent of footwear production worldwide as of 2022.

Global footwear market
The global footwear market is a multi-billion U.S. dollar industry. A part of the clothing and apparel industry, the footwear market is comprised of shoes, sneakers, luxury footwear, athletic footwear, and sporting shoes, as well as other related goods. Footwear products are commonly made of leather, textiles, and a range of synthetic materials.

Footwear export market
Unsurprisingly, given that it is the world’s leading producer of footwear, China is also the primary exporter of footwear worldwide. Interestingly, several European countries feature on the list of leading exporters in terms of export value, showing that although they produce a fraction of the world’s footwear in comparison to Asia, footwear produced in Europe can attract a premium in terms of value and pricing. The United States was the leading destination for footwear exports as of 2021.

Russia is the main supplier of major arms to India, China, Algeria, and Kazakhstan. Notably, Russia accounted for 88 percent of the weapon imports of Kazakhstan’s between 2020 and 2024. Russia inherited its arms manufacturing sector from the Soviet Union, for which weapons were one of the major export categories. To which markets does Russia export weapons? Throughout 2023, India, China, and Belarus were the top recipients of major arms from Russia. India accounted for roughly one-third of Russia’s arms exports from 2019 to 2023. However, Russia’s export volumes to these and some other countries were lower than in the previous year. The decrease in supplies to India was facilitated by the country’s government’s initiatives to strengthen public defense manufacturing capabilities, which resulted in the recent years’ output growth. Russia's role in global arms exports Between 2020 and 2024, Russia's share in global arms exports stood at nearly eight percent. This represents a decline from the period between 2015 and 2019, when Russia accounted for over a fifth of weapon exports. The decrease accelerated during the Russia-Ukraine war that began in February 2022. Nevertheless, Russia ranked among the leading arms exporters worldwide, with its portion in weapon shipments worldwide only falling behind those of the United States and France.