Graph and download economic data for Unemployment Rate - Black or African American (LNS14000006) from Jan 1972 to Jun 2025 about African-American, 16 years +, household survey, unemployment, rate, and USA.

At a rate of 11.27 percent in the second quarter of 2024, Spain was one of the countries with the highest unemployment rates in the European Union. As of the third quarter of 2005, the unemployment rate in Spain was at roughly 8.4 percent, the lowest recorded in the period under consideration. However, a few years later, by the third quarter of 2009, it had more than doubled. It was not until 2016 that Spain witnessed a downward trend in its unemployment rate. Unemployment in Spain The age group with the highest distribution of unemployment is that of teenagers (16 to 19 years). Recent quarterly unemployment figures in Spain show that unemployment peaked in the first quarter of 2013, whereby there were approximately 6.28 million inhabitants unemployed, by the same quarter in 2024, unemployment had decreased by over 3 million. This trend is also reflected in the number of people in employment in Spain. The situation in the European Union Spain was the European country with the highest unemployment rate in August 2023, with nearly 12 percent of the labor force out of work. This figure is considerably higher than that of the rest of the European Union, which had an average unemployment rate of six percent as of the same period. In terms of youth unemployment, figures in the European Union reached 14 percent in August 2023, although the numbers varies greatly across the countries. While Greece and Spain topped the list at a youth unemployment rate of 23.5 and 26.8 percent, Germany was at the bottom of the list with just 5.7 percent of its youth out of a job.

Abstract

The Employment and Unemployment surveys of National sample Survey (NSS) are primary sources of data on various indicators of labour force at National and State levels. These are used for planning, policy formulation, decision support and as input for further statistical exercises by various Government organizations, academicians, researchers and scholars. NSS surveys on employment and un-employment with large sample size of households have been conducted quinquennially from 27th. round(October'1972 - September'1973) onwards. The NSS 66th. round carried out during July'2009 - June'2010 was the eighth quinquennial round in the series covering subjects of (i) Household Consumer Expenditure and (ii) Employment and Unemployment.

Field work of the survey is carried out by the Field Operation Division ( FOD ) of National Sample Survey Office ( NSSO ) in which the central samples are covered. most of the State Governments also participate in the survey on matching sample size basis.

The National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) during the period July 2009 - June 2010 carried out an all-India household survey on the subject of employment and unemployment in India as a part of 66th round of its survey programme. In this survey, the nation-wide enquiry was conducted to generate estimates of various characteristics pertaining to employment and unemployment and labour force characteristics at the national and State levels. Information on various facets of employment and unemployment in India was collected through a schedule of enquiry (Schedule 10) adopting the established concepts, definitions and procedures. Based on the data collected during the entire period of survey, estimates of some key employment-unemployment characteristics in India and States have been presented in the NSSO published report number NSS KI (66/10) on Key Indicators of Employment and Unemployment July'2009 - June'2010 ( 66th Round).

The main objective of the employment-unemployment surveys conducted by NSSO at periodic interval is to get estimates of level parameters of various employment and unemployment characteristics at national and State level. These statistical indicators on labour market are required for planning, policy and decision making at various levels, both within the government and outside. The critical issues in the context of labour force enquiries pertain to defining the labour force and measuring participation of labour force in different economic activities. The activity participation of the people is not only dynamic but also multidimensional: it varies with region, age, education, gender, level of living, industry and occupational category. These aspects of the labour force are captured in detail in the NSS survey on employment and unemployment and estimates are generated for labour force participation rate, worker population ratio, unemployment rate, wages of employees, etc. The indicators of the structural aspects of the workforce such as status in employment, industrial distribution and occupational distribution are also derived from the survey. Besides, from the data collected on the particulars of enterprises and conditions of employment, the aspects of employment in the informal sector and informal employment are reflected through the conceptual framework of the survey.

Geographic coverage

The survey covered the whole of the Indian Union except (i) interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond five kilometres of the bus route and (ii) villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which remained inaccessible throughout the year. However, all the sample first stage units of both rural and urban areas of Leh, Kargil and Poonch districts of Jammu & Kashmir became casualty and therefore these districts were outside the survey coverage.

Analysis unit

Households and persons

Universe

Households and members of the household

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The 66th round (July 2009-June 2010) of NSS was earmarked for survey on 'Household Consumer Expenditure' and 'Employment and Unemployment'. The survey covered the whole of the Indian Union except (i) interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond five kilometres of the bus route and (ii) villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which remain inaccessible throughout the year. All the sample first stage units of both rural and urban areas of Leh, Kargil and Poonch districts of Jammu & Kashmir became casualty and therefore these districts were outside the survey coverage. In addition to these, all the sample first stage units of the following areas were casualty in different sub-rounds: (i) in sub-rounds 1, 2, and 4, both rural and urban areas of Rajouri district of Jammu & Kashmir, (ii) in sub-round 2, urban areas of Lakhisarai district of Bihar, (iii) in sub-round 3, rural areas of Doda district of Jammu & Kashmir. The estimates of the different sub-rounds, therefore, excluded these areas. The period of survey was of one year duration starting on 1st July 2009 and ending on 30th June 2010. The survey period of this round was divided into four sub-rounds of three months' duration each, the 1st sub-round period ranging from July to September 2009, the 2nd sub-round period from October to December 2009 and so on. In each of these four sub-rounds equal number of sample villages/ blocks (FSUs) were allotted for survey with a view to ensuring uniform spread of sample FSUs over the entire survey period. Sample Design A stratified multi-stage design was adopted for the 66th round survey. The first stage units (FSU) were the 2001 census villages (Panchayat wards in case of Kerala) in the rural sector and Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks in the urban sector. In addition, two non-UFS towns of Leh and Kargil of Jammu & Kashmir were also treated as FSUs in the urban sector. The ultimate stage units (USU) were households in both the sectors. Hamlet-groups/sub-blocks constituted the intermediate stage whenever these were formed in the sample FSUs.

Selection of the first-stage units: The various steps involved before making the selection of the FSUs are discussed at length in the following few paragraphs before taking up the issue of selection of USUs within FSUs.

Sampling Frame for First Stage Units: For the rural sector, the list of 2001 census villages (Panchayat wards in case of Kerala) constituted the sampling frame. For the urban sector, the list of latest available UFS blocks constituted the sampling frame. For non-UFS towns, frame consisted of the individual towns (only two towns, viz., Leh & Kargil constituted this frame).

Stratification of the first stage units: Within each district of a State/ UT, two basic strata were formed as follows: i) rural stratum comprising of all rural areas of the district and (ii) urban stratum comprising of all the urban areas of the district.

However, within the urban areas of a district, if there were one or more towns with population 10 lakhs or more as per population census 2001 in a district, each of them formed a separate basic stratum and the remaining urban areas of the district were considered as another basic stratum.

Sub-stratification: There was no sub-stratification in the urban sector. However, to net adequate number of child workers, for all rural strata, each stratum was divided into 2 sub-strata as follows:

sub-stratum 1: all villages with proportion of child workers (p) >2P (where P is the average proportion of child workers for the sate/ UT as per Census 2001)

sub-stratum 2: remaining villages

Allocation of FSU's among Strata: At the all-India level, a total number of 12784 FSUs were allocated for survey in the central sample. In addition, 24 State sample FSUs (16 for rural sector and 8 for urban sector) of Leh and Kargil districts of J & K were included in the central sample. The total number of sample FSUs was allocated to the States and UTs in proportion to population as per census 2001 subject to the availability of investigators and ensuring minimum sample allocation to each State/ UT. The State/ UT level sample size was allocated between two sectors in proportion to population as per census 2001 with double weightage to urban sector subject to the restriction that urban sample size for bigger states like Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, etc. did not exceed the rural sample size. A minimum of 16 FSUs (to the extent possible) was allocated to each state/ UT separately for rural and urban areas. Further the State level allocations for both rural and urban areas were adjusted marginally in a few cases to ensure that each stratum/ sub-stratum got a minimum allocation of 4 FSUs. Within each sector of a State/UT, the respective sample size was allocated to the different strata/ sub-strata in proportion to the population as per census 2001. Allocations at stratum/ sub-stratum level were adjusted to multiples of 4 with a minimum sample size of 4 and equal number of samples was allocated among the four sub rounds.

Selection of first-stage units: For the rural sector, from each stratum/ sub-stratum, required number of sample villages were selected by probability proportional to size with replacement (PPSWR), size being the population of the village as per Census 2001. For urban sector, from each stratum FSUs were selected by using Simple Random Sampling Without Replacement (SRSWOR). Both rural and urban samples were drawn in the form of two independent sub-samples.

Selection of Ultimate Stage Units (USU) within a FSU: The remaining paragraphs of this sub-section outlines the various steps leading to the actual selection of USUs within a FSU.

Selection of hamlet-groups/sub-blocks: Selected FSUs with approximate population 1200 or more were divided into a suitable number (say, D) of 'hamlet-groups' in

Abstract

National Labor Force Survey (SAKERNAS) is a survey that is designed to observe the general situation of workforce and also to understand whether there is a change of workforce structure between the enumeration period. Since the survey was initiated in 1976, it has undergone a series of changes affecting its coverage, the frequency of enumeration, the number of households sampled and the type of information collected. It is the largest and most representative source of employment data in Indonesia. For each selected household, the general information about the circumstances of each household member that includes the name, relationship to head of household, sex, and age were collected. Household members aged 10 years and over will be prompted to give the information about their marital status, education and employment.

SAKERNAS is aimed to gather informations that meet three objectives: 1.Employment by education, working hours, industrial classification and employment status, 2.Unemployment by different characteristics and efforts on looking for work, 3.Working age population not in the labor force (e.g. attending schools, doing housekeeping and others).

The data was gathered in August 2009 covered all provinces in Indonesia with 311.776 households, scattered on 19.486 census blocks from all provinces, both in rural and urban areas. The large number of samples of SAKERNAS August 2009 makes it possible for the data to be analyzed at district level. The main household data is taken from core questionnaires SAK09-AK August 2009.

Geographic coverage

National coverage*, including urban and rural area, representative until district/city level.

*) Although covering all of Indonesia, there are some circumstances when not all provincial were covered. For example, in 2000, the Province of Maluku excluded in SAKERNAS because horizontal conflicts occurred there. Also, the separation of East Timor from Indonesia in 1999 also changed the scope of SAKERNAS for the years to come. After that, due to the expansion of regional autonomy as a consequence, the proportion of samples per Province is also changed, as in 2006 when the number of provinces are already 33. However, the difference is only on the number of influential scope/level but not to the pattern. On the other hand, changes in the methodology (including sample size) over time is likely to affect the outcome, for example in years 2000 and 2001, when sample size is only 32.384 and 34.176 households, the level of data presentation is only representative to island level, (insufficient sample size even to make it representative to provincial level).

Analysis unit

Individual

Universe

The survey covered all de jure household members (usual residents), aged 10+ years resident in the household. However, Diplomatic Corps households, households that are in the specific enumeration area and specific households in the regular enumeration area are not chosen as a sample.

Kind of data

Sample survey data

Sampling procedure

SAKERNAS August 2009 was implemented in the whole territory of the Republic of Indonesia with a total sample of about 311.776 households, scattered on 19.486 census blocks from all provinces, both in rural and urban areas. These 19,486 census blocks are meant to obtain data to estimate until the level of district/city. Diplomatic Corps households, households that are in the specific enumeration area and specific households in the regular enumeration area are not chosen as a sample.

The sampling method* for SAKERNAS is a two-stage cluster sampling design with census blocks as the primary sampling unit (PSU) and households as the ultimate sampling unit. PSUs were selected with probability proportional to size. A number of households were taken randomly from selected PSUs. However, there is documentation explained about how the sample size was determined at the domain level, or stratification measures that were implemented and also, the sample size allocation across strata. Sampling frame** used in SAKERNAS August 2009 is the list of chosen census blocks from Sakernas 2007, using the "list head of household names" result of August 2007's listing process. This sampling frame is used for sampling period 2008 to 2010 (February and August).

*) Sampling method used is varied in different years. For example, in SAKERNAS period of 1986-1989 sampling method used is the method of rotation, where most of the households selected at one period was re-elected in the following period. This often happens on quarterly SAKERNAS on that period. At other periods often use multi-stages sampling method (two or three stages depend on whether sub block census included or not), or a combination of multi stages sampling also with rotation method (e.g. SAKERNAS 2006).

**) Commonly annual SAKERNAS sample frame comes from the last population census result undertaken before SAKERNAS. For example, for annual SAKERNAS 2003 used sample frame derived from "listing process" of household results of Population Census 2000. Also can refer to sampling frame of some periodic household based cencus like Economic Census, e.g. in forming block census sample frame of SAKERNAS 2007 using Economic Census 2006 result. In the other hand sample frame used for quarterly SAKERNAS is from the list of households obtained from National Socio-Economic Survey (SUSENAS) Core activities held before Sakernas. For example, for quarterly SAKERNAS 2002/2003 activities, which used sample frame derived from the household of the selected districts of SUSENAS 2002.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face

Research instrument

In SAKERNAS, the questionnaire has been designed in a simple and concise way. It is expected that respondents will understand the aim of question of survey and avoid the memory lapse and uninterested respondents during data collection. Furthermore, the design of SAKERNAS's questionnaire remains stable in order to maintain data comparison.

A household questionnaire was administered in each selected household, which collected general information of household members that includes name, relationship with head of the household, sex and age. Household members aged 10 years and over were then asked about their marital status, education and occupation.

Cleaning operations

Stages of data processing in Sakernas are through process of: - Batching - Editing - Coding - Data Entry - Validation - Tabulate

Sampling error estimates

Sampling error results are presented at the end of the publication of The State of Labor Force in Indonesia and in publication of The State of Workers in Indonesia.