Indigenous people are overrepresented in Canada's criminal justice system as both victims and offenders. National data on Indigenous people in the criminal justice system includes data on self-reported victimization , police-reported homicide, and provincial/territorial and federal custody. In 2014/2015, Indigenous adults accounted for 26% of provincial/territorial custody admissions and 25% of the in-custody federal offender population. The proportion of Indigenous adults in custody was about 9 times higher than their representation in the adult population (3%). Indigenous adults were overrepresented in provincial/territorial custody in most jurisdictions, especially British Columbia , Saskatchewan , Manitoba, and Ontario. In 2014/2015, Indigenous youth (aged 12-17) accounted for 37% of provincial/territorial custody admissions. The proportion of Indigenous youth in provincial/territorial custody was about 5 times higher than their representation in the youth population ( 7%). Indigenous youth were overrepresented in provincial/territorial custody in most jurisdictions, especially British Columbia, Manitoba, and Ontario.

Between financial years 2013 and 2022 in Australia, the rate of young Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people aged 10-17 years held in detention on an average day decreased from **** in 2013 to **** in 2022. A target of the Closing the Gap strategy is that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander young people are not overrepresented in the criminal justice system, and this target was one of just **** targets considered to be on track in the 2023 annual progress report.