Athens-Clarke County Boundary

USGS is assessing the feasibility of map projections and grid systems for lunar surface operations. We propose developing a new Lunar Transverse Mercator (LTM), the Lunar Polar Stereographic (LPS), and the Lunar Grid Reference Systems (LGRS). We have also designed additional grids designed to NASA requirements for astronaut navigation, referred to as LGRS in Artemis Condensed Coordinates (ACC), but this is not released here. LTM, LPS, and LGRS are similar in design and use to the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM), Universal Polar Stereographic (LPS), and Military Grid Reference System (MGRS), but adhere to NASA requirements. LGRS ACC format is similar in design and structure to historic Army Mapping Service Apollo orthotopophoto charts for navigation. The Lunar Transverse Mercator (LTM) projection system is a globalized set of lunar map projections that divides the Moon into zones to provide a uniform coordinate system for accurate spatial representation. It uses a transverse Mercator projection, which maps the Moon into 45 transverse Mercator strips, each 8°, longitude, wide. These transverse Mercator strips are subdivided at the lunar equator for a total of 90 zones. Forty-five in the northern hemisphere and forty-five in the south. LTM specifies a topocentric, rectangular, coordinate system (easting and northing coordinates) for spatial referencing. This projection is commonly used in GIS and surveying for its ability to represent large areas with high positional accuracy while maintaining consistent scale. The Lunar Polar Stereographic (LPS) projection system contains projection specifications for the Moon’s polar regions. It uses a polar stereographic projection, which maps the polar regions onto an azimuthal plane. The LPS system contains 2 zones, each zone is located at the northern and southern poles and is referred to as the LPS northern or LPS southern zone. LPS, like is equatorial counterpart LTM, specifies a topocentric, rectangular, coordinate system (easting and northing coordinates) for spatial referencing. This projection is commonly used in GIS and surveying for its ability to represent large polar areas with high positional accuracy, while maintaining consistent scale across the map region. LGRS is a globalized grid system for lunar navigation supported by the LTM and LPS projections. LGRS provides an alphanumeric grid coordinate structure for both the LTM and LPS systems. This labeling structure is utilized in a similar manner to MGRS. LGRS defines a global area grid based on latitude and longitude and a 25×25 km grid based on LTM and LPS coordinate values. Two implementations of LGRS are used as polar areas require a LPS projection and equatorial areas a transverse Mercator. We describe the difference in the techniques and methods report associated with this data release. Request McClernan et. al. (in-press) for more information. ACC is a method of simplifying LGRS coordinates and is similar in use to the Army Mapping Service Apollo orthotopophoto charts for navigation. These data will be released at a later date. Two versions of the shape files are provided in this data release, PCRS and Display only. See LTM_LPS_LGRS_Shapefiles.zip file. PCRS are limited to a single zone and are projected in either LTM or LPS with topocentric coordinates formatted in Eastings and Northings. Display only shapefiles are formatted in lunar planetocentric latitude and longitude, a Mercator or Equirectangular projection is best for these grids. A description of each grid is provided below: Equatorial (Display Only) Grids: Lunar Transverse Mercator (LTM) Grids: LTM zone borders for each LTM zone Merged LTM zone borders Lunar Polar Stereographic (LPS) Grids: North LPS zone border South LPS zone border Lunar Grid Reference System (LGRS) Grids: Global Areas for North and South LPS zones Merged Global Areas (8°×8° and 8°×10° extended area) for all LTM zones Merged 25km grid for all LTM zones PCRS Shapefiles:` Lunar Transverse Mercator (LTM) Grids: LTM zone borders for each LTM zone Lunar Polar Stereographic (LPS) Grids: North LPS zone border South LPS zone border Lunar Grid Reference System (LGRS) Grids: Global Areas for North and South LPS zones 25km Gird for North and South LPS zones Global Areas (8°×8° and 8°×10° extended area) for each LTM zone 25km grid for each LTM zone The rasters in this data release detail the linear distortions associated with the LTM and LPS system projections. For these products, we utilize the same definitions of distortion as the U.S. State Plane Coordinate System. Scale Factor, k - The scale factor is a ratio that communicates the difference in distances when measured on a map and the distance reported on the reference surface. Symbolically this is the ratio between the maps grid distance and distance on the lunar reference sphere. This value can be precisely calculated and is provided in their defining publication. See Snyder (1987) for derivation of the LPS scale factor. This scale factor is unitless and typically increases from the central scale factor k_0, a projection-defining parameter. For each LPS projection. Request McClernan et. al., (in-press) for more information. Scale Error, (k-1) - Scale-Error, is simply the scale factor differenced from 1. Is a unitless positive or negative value from 0 that is used to express the scale factor’s impact on position values on a map. Distance on the reference surface are expended when (k-1) is positive and contracted when (k-1) is negative. Height Factor, h_F - The Height Factor is used to correct for the difference in distance caused between the lunar surface curvature expressed at different elevations. It is expressed as a ratio between the radius of the lunar reference sphere and elevations measured from the center of the reference sphere. For this work, we utilized a radial distance of 1,737,400 m as recommended by the IAU working group of Rotational Elements (Archinal et. al., 2008). For this calculation, height factor values were derived from a LOLA DEM 118 m v1, Digital Elevation Model (LOLA Science Team, 2021). Combined Factor, C_F – The combined factor is utilized to “Scale-To-Ground” and is used to adjust the distance expressed on the map surface and convert to the position on the actual ground surface. This value is the product of the map scale factor and the height factor, ensuring the positioning measurements can be correctly placed on a map and on the ground. The combined factor is similar to linear distortion in that it is evaluated at the ground, but, as discussed in the next section, differs numerically. Often C_F is scrutinized for map projection optimization. Linear distortion, δ - In keeping with the design definitions of SPCS2022 (Dennis 2023), we refer to scale error when discussing the lunar reference sphere and linear distortion, δ, when discussing the topographic surface. Linear distortion is calculated using C_F simply by subtracting 1. Distances are expended on the topographic surface when δ is positive and compressed when δ is negative. The relevant files associated with the expressed LTM distortion are as follows. The scale factor for the 90 LTM projections: LUNAR_LTM_GLOBAL_PLOT_HEMISPHERES_distortion_K_grid_scale_factor.tif Height Factor for the LTM portion of the Moon: LUNAR_LTM_GLOBAL_PLOT_HEMISPHERES_distortion_EF_elevation_factor.tif Combined Factor in LTM portion of the Moon LUNAR_LTM_GLOBAL_PLOT_HEMISPHERES_distortion_CF_combined_factor.tif The relevant files associated with the expressed LPS distortion are as follows. Lunar North Pole The scale factor for the northern LPS zone: LUNAR_LGRS_NP_PLOT_LPS_K_grid_scale_factor.tif Height Factor for the north pole of the Moon: LUNAR_LGRS_NP_PLOT_LPS_EF_elevation_factor.tif Combined Factor for northern LPS zone: LUNAR_LGRS_NP_PLOT_LPS_CF_combined_factor.tif Lunar South Pole Scale factor for the northern LPS zone: LUNAR_LGRS_SP_PLOT_LPS_K_grid_scale_factor.tif Height Factor for the south pole of the Moon: LUNAR_LGRS_SP_PLOT_LPS_EF_elevation_factor.tif Combined Factor for northern LPS zone: LUNAR_LGRS_SP_PLOT_LPS_CF_combined_factor.tif For GIS utilization of grid shapefiles projected in Lunar Latitude and Longitude, referred to as “Display Only”, please utilize a registered lunar geographic coordinate system (GCS) such as IAU_2015:30100 or ESRI:104903. LTM, LPS, and LGRS PCRS shapefiles utilize either a custom transverse Mercator or polar Stereographic projection. For PCRS grids the LTM and LPS projections are recommended for all LTM, LPS, and LGRS grid sizes. See McClernan et. al. (in-press) for such projections. Raster data was calculated using planetocentric latitude and longitude. A LTM and LPS projection or a registered lunar GCS may be utilized to display this data. Note: All data, shapefiles and rasters, require a specific projection and datum. The projection is recommended as LTM and LPS or, when needed, IAU_2015:30100 or ESRI:104903. The datum utilized must be the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) Development Ephemeris (DE) 421 in the Mean Earth (ME) Principal Axis Orientation as recommended by the International Astronomy Union (IAU) (Archinal et. al., 2008).

Future development map for Athens-Clarke County

Boundary of Athens-Clarke County including Winterville and parts of Bogart.

This line shapefile represents the following features of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current: Subtropical Front (STF); Subantarctic Front (SAF); Southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current Front (sACCf); Polar Front (PF); Southern Boundary of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current

as described in

Alejandro H. Orsi, Thomas Whitworth III, and Worth D. Nowlin Jr (1995) On the meridional extent and fronts of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Deep-Sea Research 42 (5), 641-673.

The shapefile was created from data provided by lead author Alejandro Orsi to the Australian Antarctic Data Centre in August 2001. The data in the files from Alejandro Orsi was also combined in a csv file.
The data available for download includes the original data, the shapefile and the csv file.

Athens-Clarke County's Urban Service District

Parks owned by Athens-Clarke County. Not all parks shown here are currently accessible to the public. Additionally, some popular parks within Athens-Clarke County, including Oconee Forest Park and the State Botanical Garden, are not owned by Athens-Clarke County Unified Government and are not included in this dataset. For more information about parks in Athens-Clarke County check out the ACC Leisure Services website.

Contains polygons of homeowners associations (HOAs) within City of Tucson jurisdiction. A homeowners association in this layer is defined as a non-profit organization that enforces restrictions for a subdivision, planned community, or condominium complex. Office parks and apartment complexes were not included in the layer.The attributes are similar to subdivisions layer with a few exceptions. There are five new fields. HOA_NAME is the registered name of the association according to the Arizona Corporation Commission (ACC). HOA_STATUS indicates whether the HOA is active at the time of last update according to the ACC website. CCR_SEQ_NUM is the sequence number from the Pima County Recorder's website for the HOA bylaws. ACC_EID is the entity ID number assigned to the association by the ACC. ST_DED indicates whether the streets within the neighborhood are maintained by the HOA, County, or Public (COT).The layer was built from the Pima County layer: Street dedication by Subdivision Plat with Homeowners Association details.PurposeDisplays the Homeowners Associations within the City of Tucson. This layer is intended to be used in the Open Data portal and not for regular use in ArcGIS Online and ArcGIS Enterprise.Dataset ClassificationLevel 0 - OpenKnown UsesFinding a homeowner associations CCRs, boundaries, lot count, and street maintenance responsibilities.Known ErrorsDue to the nature of the data, not all HOAs were included in the layer and may be missing from the layer. Some subdivisions had evidence of an HOA and had the necessary documentation but did not have a ACC EID and therefore have null values. There are some cases where two different subdivisions have the same HOA therefore the SEQ_NUM, BOOK_PAGE, and PROJ_NUM1 may not reflect the true values of both subdivisions.Data ContactCity of Tucson Information Technology Department, GIS Services, GIS_IT@tucsonaz.govUpdate FrequencyUpdated Yearly.Last Update: 12/21/2023

Roads owned by Albany County. Data was extracted from the NYS Streets layer from the NYS GIS Clearinghouse. Each road was dissolved, based on name, FCC, ACC and Speed, to one polyline for use in AGOL.

This dataset includes bus stop locations, routes serving each stop, and amenities available at each stop.The most up to date bus schedules are available on ACCGov Transit's Routes and Fares page. Check out the MyStop app to view real time bus locations and plan your route.

Location of adopted grit boxes throughout the city, along with their type – either glass-fibre or plastic. Note, ACC does not adopt grit boxes that a factor, developer or any other party has put in place – these are and remain the property of the party who installed the grit boxes to fill/maintain.Box Type: 1 - Glass Fibre, 2 - Plastic, 4 - Community Grit Bin.

SummaryStreet centerlines in Athens-Clarke County. This file is maintained by the Transportation and Public Works Department. Data LimitationsThis file contains street centerlines only and is not routable. For example, without elevation data overpasses or underpasses may appear to be intersections.This dataset is not guaranteed to reflect all publicly accessible roads present within Athens Clarke County. Public roads within some newer developments may be absent. Likewise private internal roads within apartment complexes or developments may not be included.

Field Definitions and ExplanationsSegment Identifier: Each row within the dataset has a unique segment identifier. Segments are typically bounded at each end by an intersection or the end of the road, with many roads divided into multiple segments. Full Road Name: Self explanatory

• Record Length: Segment length in miles. Values of 0 indicate a lack of data rather than a street length of 0.

• Addressed: This field is no longer being updated and is inaccurate for some road segments.

• PRE_DIR: Direction prefix. This field is completed for street names which begin with a direction (ex. East Broad St) and left blank for all other street segments.

• ST_TYPE: St, Rd, Cir, Dr, Ave, Blvd, etc. Left blank for certain types of streets including unnamed alleys, exit ramps, etc. Does not indicate the function or classification of a road.

• LADD_FROM: Address from, odd numbers. A value of 0 for this field or the three following typically indicates that addresses are not associated with the road segment. However, some road segments labeled as 0 are addressed and are in disagreement with the ACC Address Point data set.

• RADD_FROM: Address from, even numbers

• LADD_TO: Address to, odd numbers.

• RADD_TO: Address to, even numbers

• CLASSIFICA: Road classification

• MUN_R; MUN_L: These fields will read ACC for road segments entirely within the boundaries of Athens Clarke County. For a few roads on or extending outside of the Athens Clarke County boundary the value indicates the neighboring county. [JACK (Jackson), OCON (Oconee), OGLE (Oglethorpe).]

• MPH: Segment speed limit.

• ONEWAY: Segments with a value other than blank in this field are one way. However, ft and tf do not correspond with direction of travel. Direction of line digitization does not correspond with direction of travel.

• City_R; City_L: This field incorrectly states Athens for some segments within Winterville. The field was left blank for a few segments within Athens and Bogart.

• Shape_Length: Segment length in feet

For more Athens Clarke County Transportation and Public Works Information

Transportation & Public Works Department | Athens-Clarke County, GA - Official Website (accgov.com)

Siniestros viales georreferenciados desde el año 2007 en la ciudad de Bogotá D.C. a la fecha de digitaciónEncuesta Descarga de DatosModelo: Mapa DigitalFrecuencia de Actualización: Según registro de información IPAT.Enlace a otros recursos: https://www.movilidadbogota.gov.co/web/simurFecha de creación del metadato: 12/01/2019Fecha actualización del metadato: 13/09/2021Catégoria temática: TransporteIdioma: EspañolDistribuidor: Secretaría Distrital de MovilidadTipo de responsable: AutorResponsable del metadato: Oficina de Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones - OTIC

Couche ponctuelle des arrêts du service Accès Bus du Réseau de Transport en Commun de Shawinigan (RTCS)