This map layer includes Holocene volcanoes, which are those thought to be active in the last 10,000 years, which are within an extended area of the northern hemisphere centered on the United States. The data are a subset of data available from the Global Volcanism Program, Smithsonian Institution at http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/summary.cfm. This file is a replacement for the April 2004 map layer. These data are intended for geographic display and analysis at the national level, and for large regional areas. The data should be displayed and analyzed at scales appropriate for 1:2,000,000-scale data. Further information on the Global Volcanism Program of the Smithsonian Institution is available at http://www.volcano.si.edu/The International Association for Volcanology and Chemistry of Earth's Interior (IAVCEI), The World Organization of Volcano Observatories (WOVO), and the Global Volcano Model (GVM) have sanctioned GVP to assign official names and numbers to the world's volcanoes. The purpose of the numbers is to prevent ambiguity regarding the name and location of volcanoes that may have non-unique names, or that are known by multiple names. The original VNums were based on a system developed in the 1950's for the IAVCEI Catalog of Active Volcanoes of the World (CAVW). GVP policy had been to embed significant geographical, historical, and age information in the numbers. As a result GVP often changed VNums, most frequently to accommodate newly recognized volcanoes in a particular geographical region, which over time undermined the goal of preventing ambiguity.After moving VOTW to a new database platform, we developed a new VNum system. During this process GVP staff took into account the needs of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and other stakeholders to have numbers compatible with modern computing systems. Holocene, Pleistocene, and Tertiary volcanoes all fall under the new unified numbering system, allowing interoperability between VOTW and new databases under development globally (e.g. WOVOdat, LaMEVE). Letters and characters (hyphens and equals signs) have been eliminated. Secondary numbers have been added for subfeatures associated with each volcano. None of the new numbers start with 0 or 1 to avoid confusion with the legacy system. While a connection remains to the older system, the geographic link to CAVW regions and subregions is no longer mandatory.

Active volcanoes located outside of the United States based on the Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report (http://volcano.si.edu/reports_weekly.cfm). IGEMS reads the current source data and updates the layer every Wednesday.

This layer is a component of Interior Geospatial Emergency Management System (IGEMS) Natural Hazards.

This map presents the geospatial locations and additional information for current natural hazards events including earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, and wildfires. This map is part of the Interior Geospatial Emergency Management System (IGEMS) and is supported by the DOI Office of Emergency Management. This map contains data from a variety of public data sources, including non-DOI data, and information about each of these data providers, including specific data source and update frequency is available at: http://igems.doi.gov.

© DOI Office of Emergency Management

Global dataset of active volcanoes along with active and potential geothermal sites. The dataset provides geographic coordinates of; 1) active volcanoes that have erupted in the last 10,000 years worldwide for use by Volcanic Ash Advisory Centers (VAAC) as compiled by the Smisthonian Institution (https://volcano.si.edu/projects/vaac-data/) ; 2) Geographic coordinates of active geothermal sites; 3) Geographic coordinates of potential geothermal sites. Both 2) and 3) were compiled by Coro and Trumpy, 2020 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121874). These data are compiled together in a map in the publication Lavallée et al., 2025 (https://doi.org/10.1017/s1062798724000292). The data compiled here are global datasets and the map was created at LMU Munich. The open-source data from Smisthonian Institution is collected and updated since 2013. All data used by Lavallée et al., 2025 were sourced and compiled in January 2024.The compilation was done using Matlab and a basemap provided by ESRI in 2009 The data were used to show how the potential and safe use of magma energy by geothermal power plants at recently active volcanoes could help with the energy transition.

This map layer includes Holocene volcanoes, which are those thought to be active in the last 10,000 years, which are within an extended area of the northern hemisphere centered on the United States. The data are a subset of data available from the Global Volcanism Program, Smithsonian Institution at http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/summary.cfm. This file is a replacement for the April 2004 map layer. These data are intended for geographic display and analysis at the national level, and for large regional areas. The data should be displayed and analyzed at scales appropriate for 1:2,000,000-scale data. Further information on the Global Volcanism Program of the Smithsonian Institution is available at http://www.volcano.si.edu/The International Association for Volcanology and Chemistry of Earth's Interior (IAVCEI), The World Organization of Volcano Observatories (WOVO), and the Global Volcano Model (GVM) have sanctioned the Global Volcanism Program (GVP) to assign official names and numbers to the world's volcanoes. The purpose of the numbers is to prevent ambiguity regarding the name and location of volcanoes that may have non-unique names, or that are known by multiple names.The original VNums were based on a system developed in the 1950's for the IAVCEI Catalog of Active Volcanoes of the World (CAVW). GVP policy had been to embed significant geographical, historical, and age information in the numbers. As a result GVP often changed VNums, most frequently to accommodate newly recognized volcanoes in a particular geographical region, which over time undermined the goal of preventing ambiguity.After moving VOTW to a new database platform, we developed a new VNum system. During this process GVP staff took into account the needs of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and other stakeholders to have numbers compatible with modern computing systems. Holocene, Pleistocene, and Tertiary volcanoes all fall under the new unified numbering system, allowing interoperability between VOTW and new databases under development globally (e.g. WOVOdat, LaMEVE). Letters and characters (hyphens and equals signs) have been eliminated. Secondary numbers have been added for subfeatures associated with each volcano. None of the new numbers start with 0 or 1 to avoid confusion with the legacy system. While a connection remains to the older system, the geographic link to CAVW regions and subregions is no longer mandatory.We feel that this change is in the best long-term interest of the community.

A volcanological map of the active Somma-Vesuvius volcano is presented at the 1:20,000 scale. The map is based on 1:5000 field mapping carried out during the Italian CARG project. Geological data are represented on a digital terrain model of the volcano. This allows a better visualisation of the main morphological, volcanic, and geological features. The legend is organised in four different panels, which depict the activity of the volcano and caldera development. The geological survey is based on recognition and description of lithostratigraphic units. The geological map highlights the volcanic evolution of the Somma-Vesuvius volcano, and it is propaedeutic for further studies aimed at improving the scientific knowledge and the volcanic hazard assessment of this world-famous volcano.

The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO), a cooperative program of the U.S. Geological Survey, the Geophysical Institute of the University of Alaska Fairbanks, and the Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, has maintained seismic monitoring networks at historically active volcanoes in Alaska since 1988. The primary objectives of this program are the near real time seismic monitoring of active, potentially hazardous, Alaskan volcanoes and the investigation of seismic processes associated with active volcanism. This catalog presents the calculated earthquake hypocenter and phase arrival data, and changes in the seismic monitoring program for the period January 1 through December 31, 2003.

The AVO seismograph network was used to monitor the seismic activity at twenty-seven volcanoes within Alaska in 2003. These include Mount Wrangell, Mount Spurr, Redoubt Volcano, Iliamna Volcano, Augustine Volcano, Katmai volcanic cluster (Snowy Mountain, Mount Griggs, Mount Katmai, Novarupta, Trident Volcano, Mount Mageik, Mount Martin), Aniakchak Crater, Mount Veniaminof, Pavlof Volcano, Mount Dutton, Isanotski Peaks, Shishaldin Volcano, Fisher Caldera, Westdahl Peak, Akutan Peak, Makushin Volcano, Okmok Caldera, Great Sitkin Volcano, Kanaga Volcano, Tanaga Volcano, and Mount Gareloi. Monitoring highlights in 2003 include: continuing elevated seismicity at Mount Veniaminof in January-April (volcanic unrest began in August 2002), volcanogenic seismic swarms at Shishaldin Volcano throughout the year, and low-level tremor at Okmok Caldera throughout the year. Instrumentation and data acquisition highlights in 2003 were the installation of subnetworks on Tanaga and Gareloi Islands, the installation of broadband installations on Akutan Volcano and Okmok Caldera, and the establishment of telemetry for the Okmok Caldera subnetwork. AVO located 3911 earthquakes in 2003.

This catalog includes: (1) a description of instruments deployed in the field and their locations; (2) a description of earthquake detection, recording, analysis, and data archival systems; (3) a description of velocity models used for earthquake locations; (4) a summary of earthquakes located in 2003; and (5) an accompanying UNIX tar-file with a summary of earthquake origin times, hypocenters, magnitudes, phase arrival times, and location quality statistics; daily station usage statistics; and all HYPOELLIPSE files used to determine the earthquake locations in 2003.

[Summary provided by the USGS.]

The Significant Volcanic Events Database is a global listing of over 800 significant eruptions which includes information on the latitude, longitude, elevation, type of volcano, and last known eruption. A significant eruption is classified as one that meets at least one of the following criteria: caused fatalities, caused moderate damage (approximately $1 million or more), with a Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) of 6 or larger, caused a tsunami, or was associated with a major earthquake. For a complete list of current and past activity for all volcanoes on the planet active during the last 10,000 years, please see Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program (GVP). The database can also be displayed and extracted with the Natural Hazards Interactive Map. https://doi.org/10.7289/V5JW8BSH

The International Association for Volcanology and Chemistry of Earth's Interior (IAVCEI), The World Organization of Volcano Observatories (WOVO), and the Global Volcano Model (GVM) have sanctioned the Global Volcanism Program (GVP) to assign official names and numbers to the world's volcanoes. The purpose of the numbers is to prevent ambiguity regarding the name and location of volcanoes that may have non-unique names, or that are known by multiple names.The original VNums were based on a system developed in the 1950's for the IAVCEI Catalog of Active Volcanoes of the World (CAVW). GVP policy had been to embed significant geographical, historical, and age information in the numbers. As a result GVP often changed VNums, most frequently to accommodate newly recognized volcanoes in a particular geographical region, which over time undermined the goal of preventing ambiguity.After moving VOTW to a new database platform, we developed a new VNum system. During this process GVP staff took into account the needs of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and other stakeholders to have numbers compatible with modern computing systems. Holocene, Pleistocene, and Tertiary volcanoes all fall under the new unified numbering system, allowing interoperability between VOTW and new databases under development globally (e.g. WOVOdat, LaMEVE). Letters and characters (hyphens and equals signs) have been eliminated. Secondary numbers have been added for subfeatures associated with each volcano. None of the new numbers start with 0 or 1 to avoid confusion with the legacy system. While a connection remains to the older system, the geographic link to CAVW regions and subregions is no longer mandatory.We feel that this change is in the best long-term interest of the community.

“Few, beside the student of such phenomena, will be able to realize what would have resulted from a more concentrated liberation of the accumulating energy if, for instance, instead of being separated into moderate earth movements and gas emissions spread over more than a 100 weeks of time, all this energy had been manifested in a single week? It is safe to say that, even if the island itself might still grace the map of the world, there would not have remained upon it so much as one human habitation.” Report by Dr. Frank Perret to the Commissioner of Montserrat, 1935 (held in archives of the United Kingdom Foreign & Commonwealth Office). These words were written by the pre-eminent pioneering volcanologist Dr. Frank Perret, commenting on the earthquakes and volcanic unrest on the island of Montserrat in the period 1933–1935. Perret’s way of thinking presaged the form of reasoning we identify now as “counterfactual analysis.” One of the major challenges in volcano crisis decision-making arises when some significant eruptive activity has begun, and the threat potential exists of a massive sudden eruption. Even a small chance of this happening may warrant an urgent call for evacuation. For most active volcanoes, there is only a very limited geological and historical record upon which to base an estimate of the chance of a massive eruption. However, this database may be expanded by considering analog volcanoes, e.g., within a hierarchical model construct, or by stochastic modeling of past crises at the particular volcano of concern that had the potential for a dangerous event but did not ultimately result in a massive eruption. We adopt the latter approach and present a conceptual framework for the counterfactual analysis of runaway volcanic explosions, with reference to other extreme geohazards and georisks. This innovative type of probabilistic analysis has widespread application and is illustrated with the example of the well-documented 1997 Montserrat Vulcanian explosions sequence. An alternative possible mode of eruptive behavior might have substituted this sequence with fewer but larger explosive eruptions or even by a single runaway extreme event. This latter contingency was considered at the time, and motivated a brief, temporary evacuation of the building then housing the Montserrat Volcano Observatory; in response to the escalating violence of explosions, the base for observatory operations was subsequently re-located much further away from the volcano. Absent counterfactual thinking, it would be easy for volcanologists to fail to articulate fully, for decision makers, the possible scales and implications of plausible, potentially dangerous, future eruptive scenarios, thereby laying themselves open to charges of dereliction of duty or even professional negligence.

This proposal brings together experts in volcanic fluid dynamics (Mitchell), field volcanology (Parcheta), extreme robotics (Parness) and machine vision (Aydemir and Nash) to perform detailed mapping for the first time of the Mauna Ulu vent and conduit system, using a robotic platform and machine vision tools, in order to improve understanding of basaltic volcanic eruptions relevant on Earth, Mars, and other worlds.

Magmatic fissures (linear cracks) are the most common geometry feeding volcanic eruptions. However, these conduits are poorly documented on Earth and other planets due to a lack of post-eruption preservation and the resolution limits of current geophysical techniques. Models and key interpretations about eruptions dynamics are sensitive to precise knowledge of conduit geometries. A well-preserved fissure exists on Kilauea volcano at the 1969-1974 Mauna Ulu eruption site, and this exposure provides a unique opportunity to directly measure a fissure system's original magmatic pathway geometry to tens, and potentially hundreds of meters into the subsurface. Human access is challenging or impossible, and typically not approved by the National Park Service, making robotic entry ideal (and for which we have a permit). Our goal is to survey in 3-D an exposed volcanic fissure on Kilauea volcano using a small, rotary, microspine robot to provide critical constraints applicable to a wide range of unsolved eruption problems. To accomplish this, we will utilize a previously designed rotary robot, VolcanoBot, which can descend into post-eruptive fissure conduits. To gain scientific data of eruptive processes and formation of solar system bodies, we will perform several field tests using VolcanoBots equipped with two different machine vision 3-D mapping sensors: Google Tango, and PrimeSense Carmine 1.09. The final reconstructed 3-D point cloud will inform fluid dynamical analysis of eruption dynamics, which provides a more accurate determination of eruptive processes and feedbacks in the shallow sub-surface. These dynamics, especially supersonic compressible flow, can be affected by decimeter scale vent structure and, consequently, understanding the geometry from a range of previously unobtainable base scales (centimeter to decameter) is particularly important.

The Mauna Ulu field site is a superb analog to other planetary volcanic regions with similar features since eruptive volcanic fissures are common on Earth, Moon, Mars, Io and possibly Venus, Mercury and Enceladus. Volcanism represents a, if not the, dominant large-scale resurfacing mechanism on many of these worlds. Computationally reconstructing eruption dynamics from Mauna Ulu will increase our understanding of how typical volcanic conduit geometries form, evolve, and subsequently control eruption dynamics. We will provide public outreach and education opportunities to the local Hawaiian community during the field campaigns, as well as provide outreach seminars after the field sessions for communities on the mainland.

This project is relevant to all three aims of PSTAR: science, science operations, and technology. The work is science-driven, with specific goals to answer questions about how volcanic eruptions work and evolve on Earth and other worlds. Documentation of the vents will provide unique data otherwise unobtainable that will be of broad interest. Exploration and documentation of vents will provide unique data otherwise unobtainable about how volcanic systems work. This project has fidelity in science operations because it directly tests the robotic and machine vision techniques (including communications, navigation, and traverses unique to science) in a compelling analog test area, allowing for validation of the methodology and enabling new concepts of operations in challenging or extreme environments. It also has technology fidelity, enhancing and implementing a unique robot and instrument payload to map the fissure system.

The purpose of the InterRidge Global Database of Active Submarine Hydrothermal Vent Fields, hereafter referred to as the "InterRidge Vents Database," is to provide a comprehensive list of active submarine hydrothermal vent fields for use in academic research, education, and marine policy. This dataset includes a data table (flat file) and a map representing the InterRidge Vents Database Version 3.4. Version 3.4 was completed on 25 March 2020 with a total of 721 vent fields, with 666 confirmed or inferred active and 55 inactive (please note: the database is not comprehensive for inactive vent fields). The number of known active vent fields increased by 134 in the past decade since the publication of InterRidge Vents Database Version 2.1 (Beaulieu et al., 2013, doi:10.1002/2013GC004998). […]

Phreatomagmatic eruptions are common and dangerous worldwide. How large explosive event complexes evolve during eruptions, the processes that drive the evolution and what is in the rock record was studied in the Mawson Formation in Allan Hills, Victoria Land. The Mawson Formation is a unit of fragmented volcanic rock comprising debris from the Beacon Supergroup mixed with fragments from Ferrar Group magmas. It represents part of a regional province dominated by debris from eruptions with extensive exposure. Standard geological mapping techniques, observations, photographs and sketches were used to map the relationship among country rock, non-explosive intrusive rocks and deposits of explosive eruptions preserved in both volcanic craters and areas surrounding the craters. One aspect of the study area revealed an extensive zone of broken country rock and associated chaotic deposits that are inferred to represent extensive landsliding toward the main outcrop area of the Mawson Formation on Allan Hills. This area was investigated in detail.

This interactive map shows currently active, global volcanoes and recent eruptions. It shows information from the Smithsonian Institute Weekly Volcano Report and USGS.

This is a PDF format map of the country, as released by the United Nations.

The PALEOMAP project produces paleogreographic maps illustrating the Earth's plate tectonic, paleogeographic, climatic, oceanographic and biogeographic development from the Precambrian to the Modern World and beyond.

A series of digital data sets has been produced consisting of plate tectonic data, climatically sensitive lithofacies, and biogeographic data. Software has been devloped to plot maps using the PALEOMAP plate tectonic model and digital geographic data sets: PGIS/Mac, Plate Tracker for Windows 95, Paleocontinental Mapper and Editor (PCME), Earth System History GIS (ESH-GIS), PaleoGIS(uses ArcView), and PALEOMAPPER.

Teaching materials for educators including atlases, slide sets, VHS animations, JPEG images and CD-ROM digital images.

Some PALEOMAP products include: Plate Tectonic Computer Animation (VHS) illustrating motions of the continents during the last 850 million years.

Paleogeographic Atlas consisting of 20 full color paleogeographic maps. (Scotese, 1997).

Paleogeographic Atlas Slide Set (35mm)

Paleogeographic Digital Images (JPEG, PC/Mac diskettes)

Paleogeographic Digital Image Archive (EPS, PC/Mac Zip disk) consists of the complete digital archive of original digital graphic files used to produce plate tectonic and paleographic maps for the Paleographic Atlas.

GIS software such as PaleoGIS and ESH-GIS.

[From The Landmap Project: Introduction, "http://www.landmap.ac.uk/background/intro.html"]

 A joint project to provide orthorectified satellite image mosaics of Landsat,
 SPOT and ERS radar data and a high resolution Digital Elevation Model for the
 whole of the UK. These data will be in a form which can easily be merged with
 other data, such as road networks, so that any user can quickly produce a
 precise map of their area of interest.

 Predominately aimed at the UK academic and educational sectors these data and
 software are held online at the Manchester University super computer facility
 where users can either process the data remotely or download it to their local
 network.

 Please follow the links to the left for more information about the project or
 how to obtain data or access to the radar processing system at MIMAS. Please
 also refer to the MIMAS spatial-side website,
 "http://www.mimas.ac.uk/spatial/", for related remote sensing materials.

This is a PDF format map of the country, as released by the United Nations.

In English: The main activity carried out in the Antarctic campaign in the Marambio Island, consisted of the geo-positioning of relevant topographical and geologic elements of the James Ross Island for support of the geologic mapping.

The positioning of fourteen reference points was carried out with the help of two MAGELLAN 5000-PRO GPS outfits with external antennas and sub-metric kits, and differential GPS methods were used. The registration of the data was carried out in portable computers.

The fixed station of measure was located in the Marambio Island, in a point previously positioned with regard to a geodesic vertex settled by the U. S. Geological Survey. The mobile station was transported by two helicopters of the Argentinean Air Force to the target points in the James Ross Island.

At the same time that GPS measurements were made, a sampling of rocks of the James Ross Volcanic Group was carried out for the petrologic and geochemical study of this volcanic unit.

They were also carried out analysis of olivines, clinopyroxenes, ore minerals and zeolites by means of electronic microprobe. In this first stage of the studies, it is important to highlight the fact that the magnesium content of ilmenites is relatively high and that the contents of titanium of the clinopyroxenes is moderate and similar to the one observed in this mineral in typica] alkaline basalt series.

En Espanol: La actividad fundamental desarrollada en la campana en la Isla de Marambio consistio en la georreferenciacion de elementos topograficos y geologicos en la isla James Ross, para el apoyo de la cartografia geologica. Se realizo el posicionamiento de catorce puntos mediante tecnicas de GPS diferencial, utilizando dos equipos MAGELLAN 5000-PRO, con antenas externas y kits submetricos efectuandose registros de los datos en ordenadores portatiles.

Se establecio una estacion de medida en la Isla de Marambio, georreferenciada con respecto a un vertice geodesico situado en la isla y posicionado por el U.S. Geological Survey, mientras que la estacion movil, era desplazada a los puntos de medida en la isla James Ross en los helicopteros de las Fuerzas Aereas Argentinas de la Base de Marambio, realizandose alli las mediciones correspondientes, asi como los balizamientos y las fotografias aereas para la identificacion precisa de los puntos.

Simultaneamente a la campana de medidas y aprovechando los desplazamientos, se realizo una toma de muestras de rocas volcanicas del Grupo James Ross con objeto de efectuar estudios petrologicos y geoquimicos sobre este grupo volcanico.

Se realizaron analisis mediante microsonda electronica de olivinos, cliropiroxenos, ceolitas y minerales opacos, siendo de destacar en esta primera fase de los estudios, los contenidos relativamente elevados de magnesio en las ilmenitas de las rocas subvolcanicas y el que los contenidos de titanio de los cliropiroxenos es moderado y equivalente al de los otros piroxeno titanados de series basalticas alcalinas tipicas

This data set contains information on volcanic rock samples collected at Mt. Takahe volcano in the 1998-99 austral summer. Included in data set is GPS locations and elevations, sample types (lava or clastic rock samples, and analysis type (XRF major and trace element geochemistry, ICP-laser-ablation trace element geochemistry, and Ar/Ar geochronology).

 Mt. Takahe volcano is a late Pleistocene shield volcano located in
 eastern Marie Byrd Land, West Antarctica. The lower flanks of
 Mt. Takahe consist of hyaloclastite and pillow lava sequences that
 were emplaced in a subaqueous environment. The study objective was to
 establish paleo-ice-levels of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet based on
 the age and elevation of subaqueous to subaerial volcanic rock
 sequences.

The data set consists of 1:25,000 topographic maps covering Lutzow-Holm Bukt coast and major bare rock areas and inland mountains. The contour interval is 10 m. Maps of Lutzow-Holm Bukt coast were published in 1965 - 1986, and those of Prince Olav coast in 1974 - 1985. Total number of map sheets for these areas is 61. Maps of Yamato Mountains were published in 1980 with 11 sheets. All maps have been digitized into raster data and are available with TIFF format.