This table contains mortality indicators by sex for Canada and all provinces except Prince Edward Island. These indicators are derived from three-year complete life tables. Mortality indicators derived from single-year life tables are also available (table 13-10-0837). For Prince Edward Island, Yukon, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut, mortality indicators derived from three-year abridged life tables are available (table 13-10-0140).

Mortality experience data from 2010 through 2014 on private pension plans in the United States

Period life expectancy by age and sex. Each life table is based on population estimates, births and deaths for a single year.

Period life expectancy by age and sex for the UK. Each national life table is based on population estimates, births and deaths for a period of three consecutive years. Tables are published annually.

This table contains mortality indicators for Canada and provinces for the period 1980/1982 to 2013/2015. Complete mortality tables are available for men, women and both sexes combined.

Mortality experience data from 2009 through 2013 on public pension plans in the United States

Table 5 of Actuarial Note 159 presents death rates experienced by the general population in the Social Security coverage area consistent with estimates in the 2017 Trustees Reports.

Mortality and morbidity experience data from 2010 through 2013 on group insurance policies

This table contains 2394 series, with data for years 1991 - 1991 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 items: Canada ...), Population group (19 items: Entire cohort; Income adequacy quintile 1 (lowest);Income adequacy quintile 2;Income adequacy quintile 3 ...), Age (14 items: At 25 years; At 30 years; At 40 years; At 35 years ...), Sex (3 items: Both sexes; Females; Males ...), Characteristics (3 items: Life expectancy; High 95% confidence interval; life expectancy; Low 95% confidence interval; life expectancy ...).

Mortality experience data from 2009 through 2013 on individual payout annuities

Population Projections: Projected Mortality Tables 2024-2073: Life expectancy by age and sex. Annual. National.

Period life expectancy by age and sex for Northern Ireland. Each national life table is based on population estimates, births and deaths for a period of three consecutive years. Tables are published annually.

Actuarial life-table estimates of HIV transmission hazard rates per breast feeding month in the control group (n = 365)

Mortality experience data from 2009 through 2013 on structured settlements

Mortality experience data from 2009 through 2015 on fully underwritten individual life insurance policies

1. Until recently, senescence was assumed to be a universal phenomenon. Evolutionary theories of senescence predict that no organism may escape the physiological decline that results in an increase in mortality risk and/or decline in fertility with age. However, evidence both in animals and plants has emerged in the last decade defying such predictions. Researchers are currently seeking mechanistic explanations for the observed variation in ageing trajectories.
2. We argue that the historical view on the inevitability of senescence is due, in part, to the development of its classical theories, which targeted primarily unitary organisms. In unitary species, the integration of resources and functions is high, and adult size is determined. In contrast, the architecture of modular organisms is indeterminate and built upon repeated modules. The isolation of mortality risk in species like hydra (Hydra spp.) or creosote brush (Larrea tridentata) may explain their null or even negative senescence.
3. Caleb Finch hypothesised three decades ago that species with the ability to compartmentalise risk may escape senescence. Here, we first revew the evidence on organisms that slow down or even avoid senescence in the context of their architecture, along a continuum of unitarity-modularity. Then, we use open-access databases to comparatively analyse various moments of senescence and link longevity to the degree of anatomic modularity. Our analysis compares the pace of senescence across 138 plants and 151 animals, and the shape of senescence across a subset of these. Our comparative analysis reveals that plant species that are more modular do indeed tend to escape from senescence more often than those that are unitary. The role of modularity in animal senescence is less clear.
4. In light of novel support for Finch's hypothesis across a large diversity of plant species, and with less conclusive findings in animals, we identify new research directions. We highlight opportunities related to age-dependent mortality factors. Other areas for further research include the role of modularity in relation to endocrine actions, and the costs of modular anatomies.

Number of deaths and age-specific mortality rates for selected grouped causes, by age group and sex, 2000 to most recent year.

Simulation values of BIAS, MSE and MRE for (α = 1.5, a = 0.75).

Simulation values of BIAS, MSE and MRE for (α = 0.5, a = 2.5).

Numerical values for analyzing the second COVID-19 real data set.