Downloads of Add Health require submission of the following information, which is shared with the original producer of Add Health: supervisor name, supervisor email, and reason for download. A Data Guide for this study is available as a web page and for download. The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), 1994-2018 [Public Use] is a longitudinal study of a nationally representative sample of U.S. adolescents in grades 7 through 12 during the 1994-1995 school year. The Add Health cohort was followed into young adulthood with four in-home interviews, the most recent conducted in 2008 when the sample was aged 24-32. Add Health combines longitudinal survey data on respondents' social, economic, psychological, and physical well-being with contextual data on the family, neighborhood, community, school, friendships, peer groups, and romantic relationships. Add Health Wave I data collection took place between September 1994 and December 1995, and included both an in-school questionnaire and in-home interview. The in-school questionnaire was administered to more than 90,000 students in grades 7 through 12, and gathered information on social and demographic characteristics of adolescent respondents, education and occupation of parents, household structure, expectations for the future, self-esteem, health status, risk behaviors, friendships, and school-year extracurricular activities. All students listed on a sample school's roster were eligible for selection into the core in-home interview sample. In-home interviews included topics such as health status, health-facility utilization, nutrition, peer networks, decision-making processes, family composition and dynamics, educational aspirations and expectations, employment experience, romantic and sexual partnerships, substance use, and criminal activities. A parent, preferably the resident mother, of each adolescent respondent interviewed in Wave I was also asked to complete an interviewer-assisted questionnaire covering topics such as inheritable health conditions, marriages and marriage-like relationships, neighborhood characteristics, involvement in volunteer, civic, and school activities, health-affecting behaviors, education and employment, household income and economic assistance, parent-adolescent communication and interaction, parent's familiarity with the adolescent's friends and friends' parents. Add Health data collection recommenced for Wave II from April to August 1996, and included almost 15,000 follow-up in-home interviews with adolescents from Wave I. Interview questions were generally similar to Wave I, but also included questions about sun exposure and more detailed nutrition questions. Respondents were asked to report their height and weight during the course of the interview, and were also weighed and measured by the interviewer. From August 2001 to April 2002, Wave III data were collected through in-home interviews with 15,170 Wave I respondents (now 18 to 26 years old), as well as interviews with their partners. Respondents were administered survey questions designed to obtain information about family, relationships, sexual experiences, childbearing, and educational histories, labor force involvement, civic participation, religion and spirituality, mental health, health insurance, illness, delinquency and violence, gambling, substance abuse, and involvement with the criminal justice system. High School Transcript Release Forms were also collected at Wave III, and these data comprise the Education Data component of the Add Health study. Wave IV in-home interviews were conducted in 2008 and 2009 when the original Wave I respondents were 24 to 32 years old. Longitudinal survey data were collected on the social, economic, psychological, and health circumstances of respondents, as well as longitudinal geographic data. Survey questions were expanded on educational transitions, economic status and financial resources and strains, sleep patterns and sleep quality, eating habits and nutrition, illnesses and medications, physical activities, emotional content and quality of current or most recent romantic/cohabiting/marriage relationships, and maltreatment during childhood by caregivers. Dates and circumstances of key life events occurring in young adulthood were also recorded, including a complete marriage and cohabitation history, full

Add Health Parent Study (2015-2017) gathered social, behavioral, and health survey data in 2015-2017 on a probability sample of the "https://addhealth.cpc.unc.edu/" Target="_blank">Add Health parents who were originally interviewed in 1995. Data for 2,013 Wave I parents, ranging in age from 50-80 years and representing 2,244 Add Health sample members, are available. Add Health Parent Study Wave I Parents were the biological, adoptive, or stepparent of an Add Health child; not deceased or incarcerated at the time of Parents (2015-2017) sampling; and had at least one Add Health child who is also not deceased at the time of Parents (2015-2017) sampling. The Add Health Parent Study interview also gathered survey data on the current cohabiting Spouse or Partner of Wave I Parents who completed the interview. Nine hundred eighty-eight (988) current Spouse/Partner interviews are available. These data can be linked with Wave I parent data, and corresponding Add Health respondents at Waves I - V.

The Add Health Parent Study (2015-2017) interview is a comprehensive survey of Add Health parents' family relations, education, religious beliefs, physical and mental health, social support, and community involvement experiences. In particular, the study was designed to improve the understanding of the role that families play through socioeconomic channels in the health and well-being of the older, parent generation and that of their offspring. This unique data set supports the analyses of intergenerational transmissions of (dis)advantage that have not been possible to date. Add Health Parent Study data permits the examination of both short-term and long-term linkages and interactions between parents and their adult children.

For more information, please visit the Add Health Parent Study official website "https://addhealth.cpc.unc.edu/about/#studies-satellite" Target="_blank">here.

This file contains the weights for analysis of Add Health child-level data. The name of the file is "p2ahwgt" on official Add Health "https://www.cpc.unc.edu/projects/addhealth/documentation/restricteduse/datasets#parent_study_files" Target="_blank"> data documentation .

The "https://addhealth.cpc.unc.edu/" Target="_blank">National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) is a longitudinal study of a nationally representative sample of adolescents in grades 7-12 in the United States. The Add Health cohort has been followed into young adulthood with four in-home interviews, the most recent in 2008, when the sample was aged 24-32*. Add Health combines longitudinal survey data on respondents' social, economic, psychological and physical well-being with contextual data on the family, neighborhood, community, school, friendships, peer groups, and romantic relationships, providing unique opportunities to study how social environments and behaviors in adolescence are linked to health and achievement outcomes in young adulthood. The fourth wave of interviews expanded the collection of biological data in Add Health to understand the social, behavioral, and biological linkages in health trajectories as the Add Health cohort ages through adulthood. The fifth wave of data collection is planned to begin in 2016.

Initiated in 1994 and supported by three program project grants from the "https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" Target="_blank">Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) with co-funding from 23 other federal agencies and foundations, Add Health is the largest, most comprehensive longitudinal survey of adolescents ever undertaken. Beginning with an in-school questionnaire administered to a nationally representative sample of students in grades 7-12, the study followed up with a series of in-home interviews conducted in 1995, 1996, 2001-02, and 2008. Other sources of data include questionnaires for parents, siblings, fellow students, and school administrators and interviews with romantic partners. Preexisting databases provide information about neighborhoods and communities.

Add Health was developed in response to a mandate from the U.S. Congress to fund a study of adolescent health, and Waves I and II focus on the forces that may influence adolescents' health and risk behaviors, including personal traits, families, friendships, romantic relationships, peer groups, schools, neighborhoods, and communities. As participants have aged into adulthood, however, the scientific goals of the study have expanded and evolved. Wave III, conducted when respondents were between 18 and 26** years old, focuses on how adolescent experiences and behaviors are related to decisions, behavior, and health outcomes in the transition to adulthood. At Wave IV, respondents were ages 24-32* and assuming adult roles and responsibilities. Follow up at Wave IV has enabled researchers to study developmental and health trajectories across the life course of adolescence into adulthood using an integrative approach that combines the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences in its research objectives, design, data collection, and analysis.

* 52 respondents were 33-34 years old at the time of the Wave IV interview.
** 24 respondents were 27-28 years old at the time of the Wave III interview.

Included here are weights to remove any differences between the composition of the sample and the estimated composition of the population. See the attached codebook for information regarding how these weights were calculated.

This survey was mandated by Congress to collect data for the purpose of measuring the impact of the social environment on adolescent health. It examines the general health and well-being of adolescents in the United States, including, with respect to those adolescents: the behaviors that promote health and the behaviors that are detrimental to health; and the influence on health of factors particular to the communities in which adolescents reside. Some of the dependent variables include diet and nutrition, eating disorders, depression, violent behavior, intentional injury, unintentional injury, suicide, exercise, health services use, and health insurance coverage. Wave 1 was collected from students grade 7 through 12 and consists of responses to questions relating to the respondents' behaviors, friends, and parents. Parent data were also collected from one parent or parent-figure for each in-home sampled student. Wave 2 consists of follow-up interviews. Wave 3 consists of yet another follow-up, when the respondents were now between 18 and 26 years of age. The focus of Wave 3 was the issues faced in the transition from adolescence to adulthood, such as: the labor market, higher education, relationships, parenting, and community involvement.

The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) is a longitudinal study of a nationally representative sample of adolescents in grades 7-12 in the United States during the 1994-95 school year. The Add Health cohort has been followed into young adulthood with four in-home interviews, the most recent in 2008, when the sample was aged 24-32*. Add Health combines longitudinal survey data on respondents’ social, economic, psychological and physical well-being with contextual data on the family, neighborhood, community, school, friendships, peer groups, and romantic relationships, providing unique opportunities to study how social environments and behaviors in adolescence are linked to health and achievement outcomes in young adulthood. The fourth wave of interviews expanded the collection of biological data in Add Health to understand the social, behavioral, and biological linkages in health trajectories as the Add Health cohort ages through adulthood. Wave II The public use dataset for Wave II contains information collected in 1996 from Add Health’s nationally representative sample of adolescents. Of the 6,504 Wave I public use respondents, 4,834 were interviewed at Wave II. The Wave II in-home interview was generally similar to that at Wave I. Questions about sun exposure and more detailed nutrition questions were added. Questions about attributes that should not change, such as ethnic background, were not repeated. P hysical and functional limitations questions were omitted because the disabled sample was not re-interviewed. Respondents reported their height and weight during the course of the interview and were actually weighed and measured by the interviewer. *17 respondents in the Wave IV public use sample were 33 years old at the time of the interview.

The Add Health Parent Study or Parents (2015-2017), gathered social, behavioral, and health survey data in 2015-2017 on a probability sample of the parents of Add Health sample members who were originally interviewed at Wave I (1994-1995). Data for 966 Wave I Parents, ranging in age from 50-80 years and representing 988 Add Health sample members, are available in the Public-Use sample. Parents eligible for participation in this study were the biological parent, adoptive parent, or stepparent of an Add Health respondent at Wave I; not deceased or incarcerated at the time of Parents (2015-2017) sampling; and had at least one Add Health child who was also not deceased at the time of Parents (2015-2017) sampling.

Spouse/Partner Interviews
The Add Health Parent Study interview also gathered survey data on the current co-habiting Spouse or Partner of eligible parents who completed the interview. Four hundred eight-six (486) current Spouse/or Partner interviews are available in the Public-Use sample.

Financial Respondent
During the Wave I Parent interview, Wave I Parents who indicated having a Spouse or Partner were asked to identify whether they or their Spouse or Partner was most knowledgeable about household assets, debts and retirement planning. The person identified was flagged by the survey as the Financial Respondent. Only the Financial Respondent was asked to complete a more detailed set of questions on these topics.

Family Health History
A paper Family Health History (FHH) leave-behind questionnaire was given to each respondent (Wave I Parent and Spouse or Partner) at the end of the interview together with a self-addressed and stamped envelope. Health Histories for biological parents, siblings, aunts or uncles and grandparents are included in this FHH questionnaire. A total of 633 Wave I Parents and 316 Spouses or Partners, selected for inclusion in the Public-Use sample, completed and returned the FHH leave-behind questionnaire.

Summary results from NYC Community Health Survey 2010-2016: adults ages 18 years and older Source: NYC Community Health Survey (CHS) 2010-16. The Community Health Survey (CHS) includes self-reported data from adults, years 18 and older. CHS has included adults with landline phones since 2002 and, starting in 2009, also has included adults who can be reached by cell-phone. Starting in 2011, CHS weighting methods were updated to use Census 2010 and additional demographic characteristics (http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/doh/downloads/pdf/epi/epiresearch-chsmethods.pdf ).

Data are age-adjusted to the US 2000 Standard Population.
Data prepared by Bureau of Epidemiology Services, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene

The New York City Community Health Survey (CHS) is a telephone survey conducted annually by the DOHMH, Division of Epidemiology, Bureau of Epidemiology Services. CHS provides robust data on the health of New Yorkers, including neighborhood, borough, and citywide estimates on a broad range of chronic diseases and behavioral risk factors. The data are analyzed and disseminated to influence health program decisions, and increase the understanding of the relationship between health behavior and health status. For more information see EpiQuery, https://a816-healthpsi.nyc.gov/epiquery/CHS/CHSXIndex.html

"TARGET POPULATION The target population of the CHS includes non-institutionalized adults aged 18 and older who live in a household with a landline telephone in New York City (the five borough area). Starting in 2009, adults living in households with only cell phones have also been included in the survey.

HEALTH TOPICS Most years the CHS includes approximately 125 questions, covering the following health topics: general health status and mental health, health care access, cardiovascular health, diabetes, asthma, immunizations, nutrition and physical activity, smoking, HIV, sexual behavior, alcohol consumption, cancer screening and other health topics. A core group of demographics variables are included every year to facilitate weighting and comparisons among different groups of New Yorkers.

SAMPLING The CHS uses a stratified random sample to produce neighborhood and citywide estimates. Neighborhoods are defined using the United Hospital Fund's (UHF) neighborhood designation, which assigns neighborhood based on the ZIP code of the respondent. New ZIP codes have been added since the UHF's were originally defined. There are 42 UHF neighborhoods in NYC. However, to avoid small sample sizes for CHS estimates, UHF estimates are generally collapsed into 34 UHFs/groups.

Starting in 2009, a second sample consisting of cell-only households with New York City exchanges was added. This design is non-overlapping because in the cell-only sample, adults living in households with landline telephones were screened out.

A computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI) system is used to collect the survey data. The CHS sampling frame was constructed with a list of telephone numbers provided by a commercial vendor. Upon agreement to participate in the survey, one adult is randomly selected from the household to complete the interview.

Interviewing is conducted in a variety of languages. Every year, the questionnaire is translated from English into Spanish, Russian, and Chinese. Some years, live translation services are provided by Language Line (including Hindi, Arabic, Farsi, and Haitian Creole). Typically, data collection begins in March of the study year and ends in December. The average length of the survey is 25 minutes.

LIMITATIONS The survey sampling methodology does not capture the following groups: households without any telephone service and (prior to 2009) households that only have a cell phone. The CHS also excludes adults living in institutional group housing, such as college dormitories.

"

Recent studies have begun to uncover the genetic architecture of educational attainment. We build on this work using genome-wide data from siblings in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). We measure the genetic predisposition of siblings to educational attainment using polygenic scores. We then test how polygenic scores are related to social environments and educational outcomes. In Add Health, genetic predisposition to educational attainment is patterned across the social environment. Participants with higher polygenic scores were more likely to grow up in socially advantaged families. Even so, the previously published genetic associations appear to be causal. Among pairs of siblings, the sibling with the higher polygenic score typically went on to complete more years of schooling as compared to their lower-scored co-sibling. We found subtle differences between sibling fixed-effect estimates of the genetic effect versus those based on unrelated individuals.

Tribal or indigenous communities have unique health behaviors, challenges, and inequities that nationally representative surveys cannot document. Odisha has one of India’s largest and most diverse tribal populations, constituting more than a fifth of the state. State and tribe-specific health data generation is recommended in India’s national roadmap of tribal health. The Odisha tribal family health survey (OTFHS) aims to describe and compare the health status of tribal communities in the state of Odisha and to estimate the prevalence of key maternal-child health indicators and chronic diseases. This paper summarizes the methodology, protocols, and tools used in this survey. This is a population-based cross-sectional survey with a multistage random sampling design in 13 (tribal sub-plan areas) districts of Odisha, India. We will include participants of all age groups and gender who belong to tribal communities. The sample size was calculated for each tribe and aggregated to 40,921, which will be collected from 10,230 households spread over 341 clusters. The survey data will be collected electronically in modules consisting of Village, Household, and Individual level questionnaires. The age-group-specific questionnaires were adapted from other national family health surveys with added constructs related to specific health issues of tribal communities, including-critical indicators related to infectious and non-communicable diseases, multimorbidity, nutrition, healthcare-seeking behavior, self-rated health, psycho-social status, maternal and child health and geriatric health. A battery of laboratory investigations will be conducted at the household level and the central laboratory. The tests include liver function tests, kidney function tests, lipid profile, iron profile, and seroprevalence of scrub typhus and hepatitis infections. The datasets from household questionnaires, field measurements and tests and laboratory reports will be connected using a common unique ID in the database management system (DBMS) built for this survey. Robust quality control measures have been built into each step of the survey. The study examines the data focused on different aspects of family health, including reproductive health, adolescent and child health, gender issues in the family, ageing, mental health, and other social problems in a family. Multistage random sampling has been used in the study to enable comparison between tribes. The anthropometric measurements and biochemical tests would help to identify the indicators of chronic diseases among various age groups of the population.

Linking survey and administrative data offers the possibility of combining the strengths, and mitigating the weaknesses, of both. Such linkage is therefore an extremely promising basis for future empirical research in social science. For ethical and legal reasons, linking administrative data to survey responses will usually require obtaining explicit consent. It is well known that not all respondents give consent. Past research on consent has generated many null and inconsistent findings. A weakness of the existing literature is that little effort has been made to understand the cognitive processes of how respondents make the decision whether or not to consent. The overall aim of this project was to improve our understanding about how to pursue the twin goals of maximizing consent and ensuring that consent is genuinely informed. The ultimate objective is to strengthen the data infrastructure for social science and policy research in the UK. Specific aims were: 1. To understand how respondents process requests for data linkage: which factors influence their understanding of data linkage, which factors influence their decision to consent, and to open the black box of consent decisions to begin to understand how respondents make the decision. 2. To develop and test methods of maximising consent in web surveys, by understanding why web respondents are less likely to give consent than face-to-face respondents. 3. To develop and test methods of maximising consent with requests for linkage to multiple data sets, by understanding how respondents process multiple requests. 4. As a by-product of testing hypotheses about the previous points, to test the effects of different approaches to wording consent questions on informed consent.

Our findings are based on a series of experiments conducted in four surveys using two different studies: The Understanding Society Innovation Panel (IP) and the PopulusLive online access panel (AP). The Innovation Panel is part of Understanding Society: the UK Household Longitudinal Study. It is a probability sample of households in Great Britain used for methodological testing, with a design that mirrors that of the main Understanding Society survey. The Innovation Panel survey was conducted in wave 11, fielded in 2018. The Innovation Panel data are available from the UK Data Service (SN: 6849, http://doi.org/10.5255/UKDA-SN-6849-12). Since the Innovation Panel sample size (around 2,900 respondents) constrained the number of experimental treatment groups we could implement, we fielded a parallel survey with additional experiments, using a different sample. PopulusLive is a non-probability online panel with around 130,000 active sample members, who are recruited through web advertising, word of mouth, and database partners. We used age, gender and education quotas to match the sample composition of the Innovation Panel. A total of nine experiments were conducted across the two sample sources. Experiments 1 to 5 all used variations of a single consent question, about linkage to tax data (held by HM Revenue and Customs, HMRC). Experiments 6 and 7 also used single consent questions, but respondents were either assigned to questions on tax or health data (held by the National Health Service, NHS) linkage. Experiments 8 and 9 used five different data linkage requests: tax data (held by HMRC), health data (held by the NHS), education data (held by the Department for Education in England, DfE, and equivalent departments in Scotland and Wales), household energy data (held the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, BEIS), and benefit and pensions data (held by the Department for Work and Pensions, DWP). The experiments, and the survey(s) on which they were conducted, are briefly summarized here:
1. Easy vs. standard wording of consent request (IP and AP). Half the respondents were allocated to the ‘standard’ question wording, used previously in Understanding Society. The balance was allocated to an ‘easy’ version, where the text was rewritten to reduce reading difficulty and to provide all essential information about the linkage in the question text rather than an additional information leaflet. 2. Early vs. late placement of consent question (IP). Half the respondents were asked for consent early in the interview, the other half were asked at the end. 3. Web vs. face-to-face interview (IP). This experiment exploits the random assignment of IP cases to explore mode effects on consent. 4. Default question wording (AP). Experiment 4 tested a default approach to giving consent, asking respondents to “Press ‘next’ to continue” or explicitly opt out, versus the standard opt-in consent procedure. 5. Additional information question wording (AP). This experiment tested the effect of offering additional information, with a version that added a third response option (“I need more information before making a decision”) to the standard ‘yes’ or no’ options. 6. Data linkage...

Raw data and descriptive statistic data of the market survey performed with the Add-In XLSTAT 2009.1.02 is provided as Excel-file (CSV). The data include file name, sample name, area, calculated N2O amounts, test result and statistical values.

Abstract

The Thai Demographic and Health Survey (TDHS) was a nationally representative sample survey conducted from March through June 1988 to collect data on fertility, family planning, and child and maternal health. A total of 9,045 households and 6,775 ever-married women aged 15 to 49 were interviewed. Thai Demographic and Health Survey (TDHS) is carried out by the Institute of Population Studies (IPS) of Chulalongkorn University with the financial support from USAID through the Institute for Resource Development (IRD) at Westinghouse. The Institute of Population Studies was responsible for the overall implementation of the survey including sample design, preparation of field work, data collection and processing, and analysis of data. IPS has made available its personnel and office facilities to the project throughout the project duration. It serves as the headquarters for the survey.

The Thai Demographic and Health Survey (TDHS) was undertaken for the main purpose of providing data concerning fertility, family planning and maternal and child health to program managers and policy makers to facilitate their evaluation and planning of programs, and to population and health researchers to assist in their efforts to document and analyze the demographic and health situation. It is intended to provide information both on topics for which comparable data is not available from previous nationally representative surveys as well as to update trends with respect to a number of indicators available from previous surveys, in particular the Longitudinal Study of Social Economic and Demographic Change in 1969-73, the Survey of Fertility in Thailand in 1975, the National Survey of Family Planning Practices, Fertility and Mortality in 1979, and the three Contraceptive Prevalence Surveys in 1978/79, 1981 and 1984.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

• Household
• Women age 15-49

Universe

The population covered by the 1987 THADHS is defined as the universe of all women Ever-married women in the reproductive ages (i.e., women 15-49). This covered women in private households on the basis of a de facto coverage definition. Visitors and usual residents who were in the household the night before the first visit or before any subsequent visit during the few days the interviewing team was in the area were eligible. Excluded were the small number of married women aged under 15 and women not present in private households.

Kind of data

Sample survey data

Sampling procedure

SAMPLE SIZE AND ALLOCATION

The objective of the survey was to provide reliable estimates for major domains of the country. This consisted of two overlapping sets of reporting domains: (a) Five regions of the country namely Bangkok, north, northeast, central region (excluding Bangkok), and south; (b) Bangkok versus all provincial urban and all rural areas of the country. These requirements could be met by defining six non-overlapping sampling domains (Bangkok, provincial urban, and rural areas of each of the remaining 4 regions), and allocating approximately equal sample sizes to them. On the basis of past experience, available budget and overall reporting requirement, the target sample size was fixed at 7,000 interviews of ever-married women aged 15-49, expected to be found in around 9,000 households. Table A.I shows the actual number of households as well as eligible women selected and interviewed, by sampling domain (see Table i.I for reporting domains).

THE FRAME AND SAMPLE SELECTION

The frame for selecting the sample for urban areas, was provided by the National Statistical Office of Thailand and by the Ministry of the Interior for rural areas. It consisted of information on population size of various levels of administrative and census units, down to blocks in urban areas and villages in rural areas. The frame also included adequate maps and descriptions to identify these units. The extent to which the data were up-to-date as well as the quality of the data varied somewhat in different parts of the frame. Basically, the multi-stage stratified sampling design involved the following procedure. A specified number of sample areas were selected systematically from geographically/administratively ordered lists with probabilities proportional to the best available measure of size (PPS). Within selected areas (blocks or villages) new lists of households were prepared and systematic samples of households were selected. In principle, the sampling interval for the selection of households from lists was determined so as to yield a self weighting sample of households within each domain. However, in the absence of good measures of population size for all areas, these sampling intervals often required adjustments in the interest of controlling the size of the resulting sample. Variations in selection probabilities introduced due to such adjustment, where required, were compensated for by appropriate weighting of sample cases at the tabulation stage.

SAMPLE OUTCOME

The final sample of households was selected from lists prepared in the sample areas. The time interval between household listing and enumeration was generally very short, except to some extent in Bangkok where the listing itself took more time. In principle, the units of listing were the same as the ultimate units of sampling, namely households. However in a small proportion of cases, the former differed from the latter in several respects, identified at the stage of final enumeration: a) Some units listed actually contained more than one household each b) Some units were "blanks", that is, were demolished or not found to contain any eligible households at the time of enumeration. c) Some units were doubtful cases in as much as the household was reported as "not found" by the interviewer, but may in fact have existed.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face

Research instrument

The DHS core questionnaires (Household, Eligible Women Respondent, and Community) were translated into Thai. A number of modifications were made largely to adapt them for use with an ever- married woman sample and to add a number of questions in areas that are of special interest to the Thai investigators but which were not covered in the standard core. Examples of such modifications included adding marital status and educational attainment to the household schedule, elaboration on questions in the individual questionnaire on educational attainment to take account of changes in the educational system during recent years, elaboration on questions on postnuptial residence, and adaptation of the questionnaire to take into account that only ever-married women are being interviewed rather than all women. More generally, attention was given to the wording of questions in Thai to ensure that the intent of the original English-language version was preserved.

a) Household questionnaire

The household questionnaire was used to list every member of the household who usually lives in the household and as well as visitors who slept in the household the night before the interviewer's visit. Information contained in the household questionnaire are age, sex, marital status, and education for each member (the last two items were asked only to members aged 13 and over). The head of the household or the spouse of the head of the household was the preferred respondent for the household questionnaire. However, if neither was available for interview, any adult member of the household was accepted as the respondent. Information from the household questionnaire was used to identify eligible women for the individual interview. To be eligible, a respondent had to be an ever-married woman aged 15-49 years old who had slept in the household 'the previous night'.

Prior evidence has indicated that when asked about current age, Thais are as likely to report age at next birthday as age at last birthday (the usual demographic definition of age). Since the birth date of each household number was not asked in the household questionnaire, it was not possible to calculate age at last birthday from the birthdate. Therefore a special procedure was followed to ensure that eligible women just under the higher boundary for eligible ages (i.e. 49 years old) were not mistakenly excluded from the eligible woman sample because of an overstated age. Ever-married women whose reported age was between 50-52 years old and who slept in the household the night before birthdate of the woman, it was discovered that these women (or any others being interviewed) were not actually within the eligible age range of 15-49, the interview was terminated and the case disqualified. This attempt recovered 69 eligible women who otherwise would have been missed because their reported age was over 50 years old or over.

b) Individual questionnaire

The questionnaire administered to eligible women was based on the DHS Model A Questionnaire for high contraceptive prevalence countries. The individual questionnaire has 8 sections: - Respondent's background - Reproduction - Contraception - Health and breastfeeding - Marriage - Fertility preference - Husband's background and woman's work - Heights and weights of children and mothers

The questionnaire was modified to suit the Thai context. As noted above, several questions were added to the standard DHS core questionnaire not only to meet the interest of IPS researchers hut also because of their relevance to the current demographic situation in Thailand. The supplemental questions are marked with an asterisk in the individual questionnaire. Questions concerning the following items were added in the individual questionnaire: - Did the respondent ever

Abstract

The 2001 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) is a nationally representative survey of 8,726 women age 15-49 and 2,261 men age 15-59. This Survey is the sixth in a series of national-level population and health surveys conducted in Nepal. It is the second nationally representative comprehensive survey conducted as part of the global Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) program, the first being the 1996 Nepal Family Health Survey (NFHS). The 2001 NDHS is the first in the history of demographic and health surveys conducted in Nepal that included a male sample. The 2001 NDHS was carried out under the aegis of the Family Health Division of the Department of Health Services, Ministry of Health, and was implemented by New ERA, a local research organization, which also conducted the 1996 NFHS. ORC Macro provided technical support through its MEASURE DHS+ project. The survey was funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) through its mission in Nepal.

The principal objective of the 2001 NDHS is to provide current and reliable data on fertility and family planning, infant and child mortality, children's and women's nutritional status, the utilization of maternal and child health services, and knowledge of HIV/AIDS. This information is essential for informed policy decisions, planning, monitoring, and evaluation of programs on health in general and reproductive health in particular at both the national and regional levels.

A long-term objective of the survey is to strengthen the technical capacity of the Family Health Division of the Ministry of Health to plan, conduct, process, and analyze data from complex national population and health surveys. The 2001 NDHS data is comparable to data collected in the 1996 NFHS and similar to survey data conducted in other developing countries. This allows for temporal and spatial comparisons of demographic health information. The 2001 NDHS also adds to the vast and growing international database on demographic and health variables. The inclusion of data on men adds to the richness of this data.

Geographic coverage

The 2001 NDHS collected demographic and health information from a nationally representative sample of ever-married women and men in the reproductive age groups of 15-49 and 15-59, respectively. The primary focus of the 2001 NDHS was to provide estimates of key population and health indicators, including fertility and mortality rates, for the country as a whole and for urban and rural areas separately.

Analysis unit

• Household
• Women age 15-49
• Men age 15-59

Universe

The population covered by the 2008 DHS is defined as the universe of all women ever-married women and men in the reproductive age groups of 15-49 and 15-59

Kind of data

Sample survey data

Sampling procedure

The survey was designed to obtain completed interviews of 8,400 ever-married women age 15-49. In addition, all ever-married males age 15-59 in every third household were interviewed. To take nonresponse into account, a total of 8,700 households nationwide were selected. The sample size was allocated to each district by urban and rural areas and the numbers of PSUs were calculated based on an average sample "take" (the number of ultimate sampled units in a cluster) of 34 completed interviews per PSU.

SAMPLE DESIGN

The 2001 NDHS collected demographic and health information from a nationally representative sample of ever-married women and men in the reproductive age groups of 15-49 and 15-59, respectively. The primary focus of the 2001 NDHS was to provide estimates of key population and health indicators, including fertility and mortality rates, for the country as a whole and for urban and rural areas separately. In addition, the sample was designed to provide estimates of most key variables for the 13 domains obtained by cross-classifying the three ecological zones (mountains, hills, and terai) with the five development regions (Eastern, Central, Western, Mid-western, and Far-western). Due to their small size, the mountain areas of the Western, Mid-western, and Far-western regions were combined.

SAMPLING FRAME

The 2001 NDHS used the sampling frame provided by the list of census enumeration areas (EAs) with population and household information from the 1991 Population Census. Administratively, Nepal is divided into 75 districts. Each district is subdivided into village development committees (VDCs), and each VDC is divided into wards. The primary sampling unit (PSU) for the 2001 NDHS is a ward or group of wards in rural areas and subwards in urban areas. In rural areas, the ward is small enough for a complete household listing, but in urban areas, the ward size is large. It was therefore necessary to subdivide each urban ward into subwards. Information on the subdivision of the urban wards was obtained from the Living Standards Measurement Survey, a project funded by the World Bank.

SAMPLE SELECTION

The sample for the survey is based on a two-stage, stratified, nationally representative sample of households. At the first stage of sampling, 257 PSUs - 42 in urban areas and 215 in rural areas were selected using systematic sampling with probability proportional to size. During fieldwork, six PSUs in the Mid-western region were dropped from the sample due to security issues, reducing the total number of PSUs covered to 251 and reducing the number of rural PSUs to 209. This also reduced the expected number of completed interviews to 8,170 from 8,400.

A complete household listing operation was then carried out in all the selected EAs to provide a sampling frame for the second-stage selection of households. Sketch maps were constructed to identify the relative position of housing units in an EA to help interviewers locate selected households during fieldwork. Table A.1 shows the sample distribution of PSUs.

Global positioning system (GPS) units were used to calculate latitude and longitude coordinates for each selected ward (or subward) during the household listing stage. One latitude/longitude coordinate was taken for the center of each settlement or community within the ward. The altitude reading was also taken with the GPS units. The positional accuracy of the GPS readings is approximately 5 to 10 meters for latitude/longitude and approximately 30 meters for altitude. This geographic information allows the 2001 NDHS data to be integrated into a geographic information system (GIS) along with other spatial data collected in the same localities and adds to the depth of information available from the 2001 NDHS.

At the second stage of sampling, systematic samples of 34 households per PSU on average were selected in all the regions in order to provide statistically reliable estimates of key demographic and health variables. However, since Nepal is predominantly rural, in order to obtain statistically reliable estimates for urban areas, it was necessary to oversample the urban areas. As such, the total sample is weighted and a final weighting procedure was applied to provide estimates for the different domains and for the urban and rural areas of the country as a whole.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face

Research instrument

The 2001 NDHS used three questionnaires: the Household Questionnaire, the Women's Questionnaire, and the Men's Questionnaire. The content and design of the questionnaires were based on the MEASURE DHS+ Model 'B' Questionnaire. The questionnaires were specifically geared toward obtaining the kind of information needed by health and family planning program managers and policymakers. The model questionnaires were then adapted to local conditions and a number of additional questions specific to ongoing health and family planning programs in Nepal were added. These questionnaires were developed in English and translated into the three principal languages in use in the country: Nepali (the national language), Bhojpuri, and Maithili. They were then independently translated back to English and appropriate changes were made in the translation of questions in which the back-translated version did not compare well with the original English version. A pretest of all three questionnaires was conducted in the three local languages in September 2000.

a) All usual members in a selected household and visitors who stayed there the previous night were enumerated using the Household Questionnaire. Specifically, the Household Questionnaire obtained information on the relationship to the head of the household, residence, sex, age, marital status, and education of each usual resident or visitor. This information was used to identify eligible women and men for the individual interview. Ever-married women age 15-49 in all selected households and ever-married men age 15-59 in every third selected household, whether usual residents or visitors, were deemed eligible and were interviewed. The Household Questionnaire also obtained information on some basic socioeconomic indicators such as the source of drinking water, the type of toilet facilities, the ownership of a variety of consumer durable items, and the flooring material. All eligible women and all children born since Baisakh 2052 in the Nepali calendar (which roughly corresponds to April 1995 in the Gregorian calendar) were weighed and measured.

b) The Women's Questionnaire collected information on female respondent's background characteristics; reproductive history; contraceptive knowledge and use; antenatal, delivery, and postnatal care; infant feeding practices; child immunization and health; marriage; fertility preferences; attitudes about family planning;

The Health Survey for England series was designed to monitor trends in the nation's health; estimating the proportion of people in England who have specified health conditions, and the prevalence of risk factors and behaviours associated with these conditions. The surveys provide regular information about the public's health that cannot be obtained from other sources. Each survey in the series includes core questions, e.g. about smoking and alcohol, and core measurements such as blood pressure, height and weight, and analysis of blood and saliva samples. These trend tables focus on key health measures and health related behaviours for adults and children showing data for available years between 1993 and 2015. All surveys have covered the adult population aged 16 and over living in private households in England. Since 1995, the surveys have included children who live in households selected for the survey; children aged 2-15 were included from 1995, and infants under two years old were added in 2001. The achieved sample in 2015 contained 8,034 adults and 5,714 children. 5,378 adults and 1,297 children had a nurse visit.

The Scottish Health Survey (SHeS) series was established in 1995. Commissioned by the Scottish Government Health Directorates, the series provides regular information on aspects of the public's health and factors related to health which cannot be obtained from other sources. The SHeS series was designed to:

• estimate the prevalence of particular health conditions in Scotland;
• estimate the prevalence of certain risk factors associated with these health conditions and to document the pattern of related health behaviours;
• look at differences between regions and between subgroups of the population in the extent of their having these particular health conditions or risk factors, and to make comparisons with other national statistics for Scotland and England;
• monitor trends in the population's health over time;
• make a major contribution to monitoring progress towards health targets.

Each survey in the series includes a set of core questions and measurements (height and weight and, if applicable, blood pressure, waist circumference, urine and saliva samples), plus modules of questions on specific health conditions that vary from year to year. Each year the core sample has also been augmented by an additional boosted sample for children. Since 2008 NHS Health Boards have also had the opportunity to boost the number of adult interviews carried out in their area.

The Scottish Government Scottish Health Survey webpages contain further information about the series, including latest news and publications.

SHeS 2020: Telephone Survey

Fieldwork for the usual SHeS 2020 (the 16th face-to-face survey in the series) was suspended towards the end of March 2020 as the UK went into a nationwide lockdown at the outset of the COVID-19 pandemic. The decision was taken to instead collect data for some of the key measures from SHeS via a telephone survey.

The specific aim of the SHeS 2020 telephone survey was to provide national level data on health, health conditions and the prevalence of certain risk factors associated with these health conditions for adults over a specified period of time during the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey was undertaken in order to capture data on key survey measures as quickly as possible and to add to the growing evidence base on public health during the pandemic. Of particular interest were the national indicators relevant to health including:

• Wellbeing
• Healthy weight
• Health risk behaviours
• Physical activity
• Food insecurity

The survey was intended to provide a snapshot of the health of Scotland's population, both physical and mental, during a short period within the COVID-19 pandemic. The questionnaire was shorter than the usual SHeS survey and, as such, the scope of the survey was broad rather than permitting a detailed focus on particular topic areas. In addition to interest in general health, long-term conditions and health risk behaviours, mental health (including social capital and loneliness) has also been a topic of particular interest throughout the pandemic and in turn, featured in the survey. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and related risk factors (smoking, poor diet, lack of physical activity, obesity and alcohol use) remained a key focus.

Factors associated with family, school and behavioral characteristics on sexual initiation: A gender analysis for Brazilian adolescents - Table 2

Comparison of identified cases by conventional and fusion models.

DNA samples were collected in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III; 1988-1994) and in subsequent NHANES cycles (1999-2002, 2007-2008, 2009-2010, and 2011-2012). The program is a nationally representative collection of stored DNA samples and genetic data and will serve to add to the extensive amount of health, nutritional, and environmental information collected from NHANES. Resulting genetic variants are deposited into the NHANES Genetic Data Repository. These datasets are categorized as restricted data since they contain identifiable information.

For more information on the NHANES Genetic Data please visit: NHANES DNA Specimens and Genetic Data Program at: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/biospecimens/dnaspecimens.htm. For more information on NHANES, visit the NHANES - National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Homepage at: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/index.htm.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.The Health Survey for England (HSE) is a series of surveys designed to monitor trends in the nation's health. It was commissioned by NHS Digital and carried out by the Joint Health Surveys Unit of the National Centre for Social Research and the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health at University College London.The aims of the HSE series are:to provide annual data about the nation’s health;to estimate the proportion of people in England with specified health conditions;to estimate the prevalence of certain risk factors associated with these conditions;to examine differences between population subgroups in their likelihood of having specific conditions or risk factors;to assess the frequency with which particular combinations of risk factors are found, and which groups these combinations most commonly occur;to monitor progress towards selected health targetssince 1995, to measure the height of children at different ages, replacing the National Study of Health and Growth;since 1995, monitor the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children.The survey includes a number of core questions every year but also focuses on different health issues at each wave. Topics are revisited at appropriate intervals in order to monitor change. Further information about the series may be found on the NHS Digital Health Survey for England; health, social care and lifestyles webpage, the NatCen Social Research NatCen Health Survey for England webpage and the University College London Health and Social Surveys Research Group UCL Health Survey for England webpage. Changes to the HSE from 2015:Users should note that from 2015 survey onwards, only the individual data file is available under standard End User Licence (EUL). The household data file is now only included in the Special Licence (SL) version, released from 2015 onwards. In addition, the SL individual file contains all the variables included in the HSE EUL dataset, plus others, including variables removed from the EUL version after the NHS Digital disclosure review. The SL HSE is subject to more restrictive access conditions than the EUL version (see Access information). Users are advised to obtain the EUL version to see if it meets their needs before considering an application for the SL version. For the fourth edition (August 2017), a new version of the individual data file was deposited. A Government Office Region variable has been added, and some previous health authority and socio-economic variables removed. Main Topics: The 1997 survey had two separate elements: an interviewer visit and a nurse visit. At the first visit, all respondents aged 13 and over were asked to give a CAPI (computed assisted) interview on a range of health related topics. Parents/guardians of 2-12 year olds were interviewed about the child. In order to increase the number of children available for analysis in the 1997 survey, the design was modified - please see the section on 'Sampling Procedures' for further details. Information was collected on the following topics: interviewer survey: general health, longstanding illness, limiting longstanding illness, acute sickness, respiratory problems, accidents, eating habits, physical activity, smoking (respondents aged 8 years onwards), drinking (respondents aged 8 years onwards - including CAGE if 16 years and over), height/weight measurements, perception of current weight (respondents aged 8 years onwards), GHQ 12 (respondents aged 13 years and onwards - see definition below), use of contraceptive pill (respondents aged 16 years onwards), individual economic status/occupation (respondents aged 16 years onwards), educational attainment and ethnic group (respondents aged 16 years onwards). Some of the modules were administered by self-completion: information on smoking and drinking (respondents aged 8-24 years only), perception of current weight (all respondents asked), GHQ 12 (all respondents asked), use of contraceptive pill (all respondents asked). The self-completion questionnaire for parents of 4-15 year olds included questions on their child's strengths and difficulties and consultation about behavioural problems. At the nurse visit, information was collected on prescribed drugs (all age groups), vitamin supplements (all age groups) and nicotine replacements (16 years and over only). Upper arm circumference (age 2-17 year olds), waist/hip circumference (16 years and over), blood pressure (5 years and over) and lung function (7 years and over) were measured and blood (18-24 year olds only) and saliva (4-17 year olds only) samples. Blood was analysed for IgE, house dust mite IgE, cotinine and ferritin/haemoglobin. Saliva was analysed for cotinine. Some administrative data and some geographic identifiers have been left out of the dataset. Standard Measures General health questionnaire (GHQ12) - copyright David Goldberg, 1978 reproduced by permission of NFER - NELSON. Multi-stage stratified random sample Face-to-face interview Self-completion Clinical measurements Physical measurements

A survey of college students in the United States in 2022 found that 42 percent of respondents wanted their institution to add "mental health days" to the schedule that encourage school-life balance in order to better support mental health. This statistic shows the percentage of college students in the United States who wanted select actions from their institutions to support mental health.