Chart and table of population level and growth rate for the Addis Ababa, Ethiopia metro area from 1950 to 2025.

This statistic shows the total population of Ethiopia from 2013 to 2023 by gender. In 2023, Ethiopia's female population amounted to approximately 64.21 million, while the male population amounted to approximately 64.49 million inhabitants.

In 1800, the population of Ethiopia was 2.95 million. Like most other Sub-Saharan countries, Ethiopia experienced slow but steady growth for much of the 18th century, and growth which would increase exponentially as the country entered the 20th century. Ethiopia’s population grew more rapidly as the 20th century progressed, however, this growth was offset in the late 1970s, with the beginning of the Ethiopian Civil War and the coinciding Qey Shibir (Red Terror) campaign. However, despite experiencing a significant famine from 1983 to 1985, which would result in approximately one million deaths, Ethiopia’s population would begin to grow rapidly once more, from 35 million in 1980 to 66 million by the beginning of the 21st century. By 2020, Ethiopia is estimated to have a population of almost 115 million, with some experts predicting that Ethiopia may become one of the most populous countries in the world by 2100.

Population, female (% of total population) in Ethiopia was reported at 49.9 % in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Ethiopia - Population, female (% of total) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

Comprehensive socio-economic dataset for Ethiopia including population demographics, economic indicators, geographic data, and social statistics. This dataset covers key metrics such as GDP, population density, area, capital city, and regional classifications.

This statistic shows the age structure in Ethiopia from 2013 to 2023. In 2023, about 39.37 percent of Ethiopia's total population were aged 0 to 14 years.

Abstract

The 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) is the fourth Demographic and Health Survey conducted in Ethiopia. It was implemented by the Central Statistical Agency (CSA) at the request of the Federal Ministry of Health (FMoH). The primary objective of the 2016 EDHS is to provide up-to-date estimates of key demographic and health indicators. The EDHS provides a comprehensive overview of population, maternal, and child health issues in Ethiopia. More specifically, the 2016 EDHS: - Collected data at the national level that allowed calculation of key demographic indicators, particularly fertility and under-5 and adult mortality rates - Explored the direct and indirect factors that determine levels and trends of fertility and child mortality ? Measured levels of contraceptive knowledge and practice - Collected data on key aspects of family health, including immunisation coverage among children, prevalence and treatment of diarrhoea and other diseases among children under age 5, and maternity care indicators such as antenatal visits and assistance at delivery - Obtained data on child feeding practices, including breastfeeding - Collected anthropometric measures to assess the nutritional status of children under age 5, women age 15-49, and men age 15-59 - Conducted haemoglobin testing on eligible children age 6-59 months, women age 15-49, and men age 15-59 to provide information on the prevalence of anaemia in these groups - Collected data on knowledge and attitudes of women and men about sexually transmitted diseases and HIV/AIDS and evaluated potential exposure to the risk of HIV infection by exploring high-risk behaviours and condom use - Conducted HIV testing of dried blood spot (DBS) samples collected from women age 15-49 and men age 15-59 to provide information on the prevalence of HIV among adults of reproductive age - Collected data on the prevalence of injuries and accidents among all household members - Collected data on knowledge and prevalence of fistula and female genital mutilation or cutting (FGM/C) among women age 15-49 and their daughters age 0-14 - Obtained data on women’s experience of emotional, physical, and sexual violence.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

• Household
• Individual
• Children age 0-5
• Woman age 15-49
• Man age 15-59
• Health facility

Universe

The survey covered all de jure household members (usual residents), women age 15-49 years and men age 15-59 years resident in the household.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sampling frame used for the 2016 EDHS is the Ethiopia Population and Housing Census (PHC), which was conducted in 2007 by the Ethiopia Central Statistical Agency. The census frame is a complete list of 84,915 enumeration areas (EAs) created for the 2007 PHC. An EA is a geographic area covering on average 181 households. The sampling frame contains information about the EA location, type of residence (urban or rural), and estimated number of residential households. With the exception of EAs in six zones of the Somali region, each EA has accompanying cartographic materials. These materials delineate geographic locations, boundaries, main access, and landmarks in or outside the EA that help identify the EA. In Somali, a cartographic frame was used in three zones where sketch maps delineating the EA geographic boundaries were available for each EA; in the remaining six zones, satellite image maps were used to provide a map for each EA.

Administratively, Ethiopia is divided into nine geographical regions and two administrative cities. The sample for the 2016 EDHS was designed to provide estimates of key indicators for the country as a whole, for urban and rural areas separately, and for each of the nine regions and the two administrative cities.

The 2016 EDHS sample was stratified and selected in two stages. Each region was stratified into urban and rural areas, yielding 21 sampling strata. Samples of EAs were selected independently in each stratum in two stages. Implicit stratification and proportional allocation were achieved at each of the lower administrative levels by sorting the sampling frame within each sampling stratum before sample selection, according to administrative units in different levels, and by using a probability proportional to size selection at the first stage of sampling.

For further details on sample design, see Appendix A of the final report.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Five questionnaires were used for the 2016 EDHS: the Household Questionnaire, the Woman’s Questionnaire, the Man’s Questionnaire, the Biomarker Questionnaire, and the Health Facility Questionnaire. These questionnaires, based on the DHS Program’s standard Demographic and Health Survey questionnaires, were adapted to reflect the population and health issues relevant to Ethiopia. Input was solicited from various stakeholders representing government ministries and agencies, nongovernmental organisations, and international donors. After all questionnaires were finalised in English, they were translated into Amarigna, Tigrigna, and Oromiffa.

Cleaning operations

All electronic data files for the 2016 EDHS were transferred via IFSS to the CSA central office in Addis Ababa, where they were stored on a password-protected computer. The data processing operation included secondary editing, which required resolution of computer-identified inconsistencies and coding of openended questions; it also required generating a file for the list of children for whom a vaccination card was not seen by the interviewers and whose vaccination records had to be checked at health facilities. The data were processed by two individuals who took part in the main fieldwork training; they were supervised by two senior staff from CSA. Data editing was accomplished using CSPro software. During the duration of fieldwork, tables were generated to check various data quality parameters and specific feedback was given to the teams to improve performance. Secondary editing and data processing were initiated in January 2016 and completed in August 2016.

Response rate

A total of 18,008 households were selected for the sample, of which 17,067 were occupied. Of the occupied households, 16,650 were successfully interviewed, yielding a response rate of 98%.

In the interviewed households, 16,583 eligible women were identified for individual interviews. Interviews were completed with 15,683 women, yielding a response rate of 95%. A total of 14,795 eligible men were identified in the sampled households and 12,688 were successfully interviewed, yielding a response rate of 86%. Although overall there was little variation in response rates according to residence, response rates among men were higher in rural than in urban areas.

Sampling error estimates

The estimates from a sample survey are affected by two types of errors: non-sampling errors and sampling errors. Non-sampling errors are the results of mistakes made in implementing data collection and data processing, such as failure to locate and interview the correct household, misunderstanding the questions by either the interviewer or the respondent, and data entry errors. Although numerous efforts were made during the implementation of the 2016 Ethiopia DHS (EDHS) to minimise this type of error, non-sampling errors are impossible to avoid and are difficult to evaluate statistically.

Sampling errors, on the other hand, can be evaluated statistically. The sample of respondents selected in the 2016 EDHS is only one of many samples that could have been selected from the same population, by using the same design and the expected size. Each of those samples would yield results that differ somewhat from the results of the actual sample selected. Sampling errors are a measure of the variability between all possible samples. Although the degree of variability is not known exactly, it can be estimated from the survey results.

Sampling error is usually measured in terms of the standard error for a particular statistic (such as mean or percentage), which is the square root of the variance. The standard error can be used to calculate confidence intervals within which the true value for the population can reasonably be assumed to fall. For example, for any given statistic calculated from a sample survey, the value of that statistic will fall within a range of plus or minus two times the standard error of that statistic in 95% of all possible samples of identical size and design.

If the sample of respondents had been selected as a simple random sample, it would have been possible to use straightforward formulas for calculating sampling errors. However, the 2016 EDHS sample is the result of a multi-stage stratified design and, consequently, it was necessary to use more complex formulae. Sampling errors are computed in either ISSA or SAS, with programs developed by ICF International. These programs use the Taylor linearisation method of variance estimation for survey estimates that are means, proportions, or ratios. The Jackknife repeated replication method is used for variance estimation of more complex statistics such as fertility and mortality rates.

A more detailed description of estimates of sampling errors are presented in Appendix B of the survey final report.

Data appraisal

Data Quality Tables - Household age distribution - Age distribution of eligible and interviewed women - Age distribution of eligible and interviewed men - Completeness of reporting - Births by calendar

Ethiopia ET: Sex Ratio at Birth: Male Births per Female Births data was reported at 1.040 Ratio in 2016. This stayed constant from the previous number of 1.040 Ratio for 2015. Ethiopia ET: Sex Ratio at Birth: Male Births per Female Births data is updated yearly, averaging 1.040 Ratio from Dec 1962 (Median) to 2016, with 20 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.040 Ratio in 2016 and a record low of 1.040 Ratio in 2016. Ethiopia ET: Sex Ratio at Birth: Male Births per Female Births data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ethiopia – Table ET.World Bank: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Sex ratio at birth refers to male births per female births. The data are 5 year averages.; ; United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects: 2017 Revision.; Weighted average;

Abstract

The 2005 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (2005 EDHS) is part of the worldwide MEASURE DHS project which is funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID).

The principal objective of the 2005 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) is to provide current and reliable data on fertility and family planning behaviour, child mortality, adult and maternal mortality, children’s nutritional status, the utilization of maternal and child health services, knowledge of HIV/AIDS and prevalence of HIV/AIDS and anaemia.

The specific objectives are to: - collect data at the national level which will allow the calculation of key demographic rates; - analyze the direct and indirect factors which determine the level and trends of fertility; - measure the level of contraceptive knowledge and practice of women and men by method, urban-rural residence, and region; - collect high quality data on family health including immunization coverage among children, prevalence and treatment of diarrhoea and other diseases among children under five, and maternity care indicators including antenatal visits and assistance at delivery; - collect data on infant and child mortality and maternal and adult mortality; - obtain data on child feeding practices including breastfeeding and collect anthropometric measures to use in assessing the nutritional status of women and children; - collect data on knowledge and attitudes of women and men about sexually transmitted diseases and HIV/AIDS and evaluate patterns of recent behaviour regarding condom use; - conduct haemoglobin testing on women age 15-49 and children under age five years in a subsample of the households selected for the survey to provide information on the prevalence of anaemia among women in the reproductive ages and young children; - collect samples for anonymous HIV testing from women and men in the reproductive ages to provide information on the prevalence of HIV among the adult population.

This information is essential for informed policy decisions, planning, monitoring, and evaluation of programs on health in general and reproductive health in particular at both the national and regional levels. A long-term objective of the survey is to strengthen the technical capacity of the Central Statistical Agency to plan, conduct, process, and analyse data from complex national population and health surveys. Moreover, the 2005 Ethiopia DHS provides national and regional estimates on population and health that are comparable to data collected in similar surveys in other developing countries. The first ever Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) in Ethiopia was conducted in the year 2000 as part of the worldwide DHS programme. Data from the 2005 Ethiopia DHS survey, the second such survey, add to the vast and growing international database on demographic and health variables.

Wherever possible, the 2005 EDHS data is compared with data from the 2000 EDHS. In addition, where applicable, the 2005 EDHS is compared with the 1990 NFFS, which also sampled women age 15-49. Husbands of currently married women were also covered in this survey. However, for security and other reasons, the NFFS excluded from its coverage Eritrea, Tigray, Asseb, and Ogaden autonomous regions. In addition, fieldwork could not be carried out for Northern Gondar, Southern Gondar, Northern Wello, and Southern Wello due to security reasons. Thus, any comparison between the EDHS and the NFFS has to be interpreted with caution.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

• Household
• Children under five years
• Women age 15-49
• Men age 15-59

Kind of data

Sample survey data

Sampling procedure

The 2005 EDHS sample was designed to provide estimates for the health and demographic variables of interest for the following domains: Ethiopia as a whole; urban and rural areas of Ethiopia (each as a separate domain); and 11 geographic areas (9 regions and 2 city administrations), namely: Tigray; Affar; Amhara; Oromiya; Somali; Benishangul-Gumuz; Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples (SNNP); Gambela; Harari; Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa. In general, a DHS sample is stratified, clustered and selected in two stages. In the 2005 EDHS a representative sample of approximately 14,500 households from 540 clusters was selected. The sample was selected in two stages. In the first stage, 540 clusters (145 urban and 395 rural) were selected from the list of enumeration areas (EA) from the 1994 Population and Housing Census sample frame.

In the census frame, each of the 11 administrative areas is subdivided into zones and each zone into weredas. In addition to these administrative units, each wereda was subdivided into convenient areas called census EAs. Each EA was either totally urban or rural and the EAs were grouped by administrative wereda. Demarcated cartographic maps as well as census household and population data were also available for each census EA. The 1994 Census provided an adequate frame for drawing the sample for the 2005 EDHS. As in the 2000 EDHS, the 2005 EDHS sampled three of seven zones in the Somali Region (namely, Jijiga, Shinile and Liben). In the Affar Region the incomplete frame used in 2000 was improved adding a list of villages not previously included, to improve the region's representativeness in the survey. However, despite efforts to cover the settled population, there may be some bias in the representativeness of the regional estimates for both the Somali and Affar regions, primarily because the census frame excluded some areas in these regions that had a predominantly nomadic population.

The 540 EAs selected for the EDHS are not distributed by region proportionally to the census population. Thus, the sample for the 2005 EDHS must be weighted to produce national estimates. As part of the second stage, a complete household listing was carried out in each selected cluster. The listing operation lasted for three months from November 2004 to January 2005. Between 24 and 32 households from each cluster were then systematically selected for participation in the survey.

Because of the way the sample was designed, the number of cases in some regions appear small since they are weighted to make the regional distribution nationally representative. Throughout this report, numbers in the tables reflect weighted numbers. To ensure statistical reliability, percentages based on 25 to 49 unweighted cases are shown in parentheses and percentages based on fewer than 25 unweighted cases are suppressed.

Note: See detailed sample implementation table in APPENDIX A of the survey report.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

In order to adapt the standard DHS core questionnaires to the specific socio-cultural settings and needs in Ethiopia, its contents were revised through a technical committee composed of senior and experienced demographers of PHCCO. After the draft questionnaires were prepared in English, copies of the household, women’s and men’s questionnaires were distributed to relevant institutions and individual researchers for comments. A one-day workshop was organized on November 22, 2004 at the Ghion Hotel in Addis Ababa to discuss the contents of the questionnaire. Over 50 participants attended the national workshop and their comments and suggestions collected. Based on these comments, further revisions were made on the contents of the questionnaires. Some additional questions were included at the request of MOH, the Fistula Hospital, and USAID. The questionnaires were finalized in English and translated into the three main local languages: Amharic, Oromiffa and Tigrigna. In addition, the DHS core interviewer’s manual for the Women’s and Men’s Questionnaires, the supervisor’s and editor’s manual, and the HIV and anaemia field manual were modified and translated into Amharic.

The Household Questionnaire was used to list all the usual members and visitors in the selected households. Some basic information was collected on the characteristics of each person listed, including age, sex, education, and relationship to the head of the household. The main purpose of the Household Questionnaire was to identify women and men who were eligible for the individual interview. The Household Questionnaire also collected information on characteristics of the household’s dwelling unit, such as the source of water, type of toilet facilities, materials used for the floor and roof of the house, ownership of various durable goods, and ownership and use of mosquito nets. In addition, this questionnaire was used to record height and weight measurements of women age 15-49 and children under the age of five, households eligible for collection of blood samples, and the respondents’ consent to voluntarily give blood samples.

The Women’s Questionnaire was used to collect information from all women age 15-49 years and covered the following topics. - Household and respondent characteristics - Fertility levels and preferences - Knowledge and use of family planning - Childhood mortality - Maternity care - Childhood illness, treatment, and preventative actions - Anaemia levels among women and children - Breastfeeding practices - Nutritional status of women and young children - Malaria prevention and treatment - Marriage and sexual activity - Awareness and behaviour regarding AIDS and STIs - Harmful traditional practices - Maternal mortality

The Men’s Questionnaire was administered to all men age 15-59 years living in every second household in the sample. The Men’s Questionnaire collected similar information contained in the Women’s Questionnaire, but was shorter because it did not contain questions on reproductive

Abstract

The Central Statistical Agency (CSA) has been providing labour force and related data at different levels and with varying details in their content. These include the 1976 Addis Ababa Manpower and Housing Sample Survey, the 1978 Survey on Population and Housing Characteristics of Seventeen Major Towns, the 1980/81 and 1987/88 Rural Labour Force Surveys, the 1984 and 1994 Population and Housing Census, and 2003 and 2004 Urban Bi-annual Employment Unemployment Survey. The 1996 and 2002 Surveys of Informal Sector and most of the household surveys undertaken by the Agency also provide limited information on the area. Still pieces of information in relation to that of employment can also be derived from small, large and medium scale establishment surveys. Till the 1999 Labour Force Survey (LFS) there hasn't been a comprehensive national labour force survey representing both urban and rural areas. This 2005 LFS is the second in the series.

The 2005 National Labor Force Survey was designed to provide statistical data on the size and characteristics of the economically active and the non-active population of the country, both in urban and rural areas. The data will be useful for policy makers, planners, researchers, and other institutionsand individuals engaged in the design, implementation and monitoring of human resource development plans, programs and projects. The specific objectives of this survey are to: - generate data on the size of work force that is available to participate in production process; - determine the status and rate of economic participation of different sub-groups of the population; - identify those who are actually contributing to the economic development (i.e., employed) and those out of the sphere; - determine the size and rate of unemployed population; - provide data on the structure of the working population; - obtain information about earnings from paid employment; - identify the distribution of employed population working in the formal/informal enterprises; and - provide time series data and trace changes over time.

Geographic coverage

Like the National Labour Force Survey of 1999, it covered both the urban and rural areas of all regions. Exceptions are Gambella Region, where only the urban parts of the region are covered, Affar Region with only zone one and zone three were covered and Somali Region where only Shinile, Jijiga and Liben zones were covered.

Analysis unit

• HouseHold (HH)
• Household Member

Universe

The survey is mainly aimed at providing information on the economic characteristics of the population aged 10 years and over,

Kind of data

Données échantillonées [ssd]

Sampling procedure

2.1 COVERAGE The 2005 (1997 E.C) Labour Force Sample Survey covered all rural and urban parts of the country except all zones of Gambella Region excluding Gambella town, and the non-sedentary population of three zones of Afar & six zones of Somali regions. In the rural parts of the country it was planned to cover 830 Enumeration Areas (EAs) and 24,900 households. All planned EAs were actually covered by the survey; however, due to various reasons it was not possible to conduct the survey in 39 sample households. Ultimately 100.00 % EAs and 99.84% household were covered by the survey. Regarding urban parts of the country it was initially planned to cover 995 EAs and 29,850 households. Eventually 100% of the EAs and 99.24% of the households were successfully covered by the survey.

2.2 SAMPLING FRAME The list of households obtained from the 2001/2 Ethiopian Agricultural Sample Enumeration (EASE) is used to select EAs from the rural part of the country. For urban sample EAs on the other hand the list consisting of households by EA, which was obtained from the 2004 Ethiopian Urban Economic Establishment Census, (EUEEC) was used as a frame. A fresh list of households from each urban and rural EA was prepared at the beginning of the survey period. The list was then used as a frame for selecting sample households of each EAs.

2.3 SAMPLE DESIGN For the purpose of the survey the country was divided into three broad categories. That is; rural, major urban center and other urban center categories.

Category I: Rural: - This category consists of the rural areas of 8 regions and two city administrations found in the country. Regarding the survey domains, each region or city administration was considered to be a domain (Reporting Level) for which major findings of the survey are reported. This category totally comprises 10 reporting levels. A stratified two-stage cluster sample design was used to select samples in which the primary sampling units (PSUs) were EAs. Households per sample EA were selected as a second Stage Sampling Unit (SSU) and the survey questionnaire finally administered to all members of sample households

Category II:- Major urban centers:- In this category all regional capitals and 15 other major urban centers that had a population size of 40,000 or more in 2004 were included. Each urban center in this category was considered as a reporting level. The category has totally 26 reporting levels. In this category too, in order to select the samples, a stratified two-stage cluster sample design was implemented. The primary sampling units were EAs. Households from each sample EA were then selected as a Second Stage Unit.

Category III: - Other urban centers: Urban centers in the country other than those under category II were grouped into this category. Excluding Gambella a domain of other urban centers is formed for each region. Consequently 7 reporting levels were formed in this category. Harari, Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa do not have urban centers other than that grouped in category II. Hence, no domain was formed for these regions under this category. Unlike the above two categories a stratified three stage cluster sample design was adopted to select samples from this category. The primary sampling units were urban centers and the second stage sampling units were EAs. Households from each EA were finely selected at the third stage and the survey questionnaires administered for all of them.

To have more informations on th sampling view the report (Page 8)

Mode of data collection

Interview face à face [f2f]

Research instrument

The questionnaire was organized in to five sections; Section - 1 Area identification of the selected household: this section dealt with area identification of respondents such as region, zone, wereda, etc.,

Section -2 Socio- demographic characteristics of households: it consisted of the general sociodemographic characteristics of the population such as age, sex, education, status and type of disability, status and types of training, marital status and fertility questions.

Section - 3 Productive activities during the last seven days: this section dealt with a range of questions which helps to see the status and characteristics of employed persons in a current status approach such as hours of work in productive activities, occupation, industry, employment status, and earnings from employment. Also questions included are hours spent on fetching water, collection of firewood, and domestic chores and place of work.

Section - 4 Unemployment and characteristics of unemployed persons: this section focused on the size and characteristics of the unemployed population.

Section - 5 Economic activities during the last twelve months: this section covered the usual economic activity status (refereeing to the long reference period), number of weeks of employment /unemployment/inactive, reasons for inactivity, employment status, whether working in the agricultural sector or not and the proportion of income gainedfrom non-agricultural sector.

The questionnaire used in the field for data collection was prepared in Amharic language. Most questions have pre-coded answers.

Cleaning operations

During the fieldwork, the field supervisors, statisticians and the heads of branch statistical offices have checked the filled-in questionnaires and carried out some editing. However, the major editing and coding operation was carried out at the head office. All urban questionnaires were subjected to complete manual editing, while most of rural questionnaires were partially edited. All the edited questionnaires were again fully verified and checked for consistency before they were submitted to the data entry. This system of data processing was followed on the assumption that, there is less complication of activities in rural areas than urban centers.

After the data was entered, it was again verified using the computer edit specification prepared earlier for this purpose, the entered data were checked for consistencies and then computer editing or data cleaning was made by referring back to the filled-in questionnaire. This is an important part of data processing operation in attaining the required level of data quality. Consistency checks and re-checks were also made based on tabulation results. Computer programs used in data entry, machine editing and tabulation were prepared using the Integrated Microcomputer Processing System (IMPS).

Abstract

Mai-Aini Refugee Camp is located in the Tigray regional state of Ethiopia, at about 1,170 km from the Ethiopian capital, Addis Ababa. The camp population is 13,074 (UNHCR December 2017 population data report). The camp hosts Eritrean refugees. The Mai-Aini refugee camp Environmental Health program was opened in May 2008 with the core mandate of providing safe water, sanitation and hygiene promotion services and to meet the objective of preventing mortality and morbidity due to diarrhea and other WASH-related diseases. The main objective of this survey was to assess the knowledge, practices and coverage of water, sanitation and hygiene related interventions. The total sample size was 195 households. Based on the results of this survey, there are some gaps that must be bridged both on the hardware side (water supply, family latrine construction) and software side (hygiene promotion) to assess the conditions that could cause public health problems.

Geographic coverage

Hitsats camp, Shire

Analysis unit

Household

Sampling procedure

A cross sectional study design was conducted from Jan 25-27, 2017. This survey was conducted in the population of Mai-Ayni refugee camp which is one of the four Eritrean refugee camps located at a distance of 80 km from zonal town of Shire, at 1170 km from Addis Ababa.
The population was 2,563 households within the sample frame of the camp, and a systematic random sampling technique was applied. The survey was conducted in all zones of the camp. To get realistic information we primarily targeted household mothers, since they are more responsible for water, sanitation and hygiene activities in the household; if not present, household head was interviewed; if not present, girls or boys greater than 14 years were interviewed. In case of failure to get either of the above interviewees, the interviewer proceeded to the next house which had occupants available for the interview.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The survey questionnaire used to collect the data consists of the following sections: General Information and Demographics, Water Collection and Storage, Drinking Water Hygiene, Hygiene, Sanitation, Messaging, Distribution, Diarrhoea Prevalence and Health Seeking Behaviour.

Cleaning operations

Data was anonymized through decoding and local suppression.

The metropolitan area of Lagos in Nigeria counted over 14 million middle-class people as of 2018. This was the highest number in Africa. Addis Ababa in Ethiopia followed with 2.7 million individuals belonging to the middle class. The middle-class population included people who had a disposable income of over 75 percent of their salary, were employed, had a business activity, or were in education, and had at least a secondary school degree.

Abstract

The 2019 Ethiopia Mini Demographic and Health Survey (EMDHS) is a nationwide survey with a nationally representative sample of 9,150 selected households. All women age 15-49 who were usual members of the selected households and those who spent the night before the survey in the selected households were eligible to be interviewed in the survey. In the selected households, all children under age 5 were eligible for height and weight measurements. The survey was designed to produce reliable estimates of key indicators at the national level as well as for urban and rural areas and each of the 11 regions in Ethiopia.

The primary objective of the 2019 EMDHS is to provide up-to-date estimates of key demographic and health indicators. Specifically, the main objectives of the survey are: ▪ To collect high-quality data on contraceptive use; maternal and child health; infant, child, and neonatal mortality levels; child nutrition; and other health issues relevant to achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) ▪ To collect information on health-related matters such as breastfeeding, maternal and child care (antenatal, delivery, and postnatal), children’s immunizations, and childhood diseases ▪ To assess the nutritional status of children under age 5 by measuring weight and height

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

• Household
• Individual
• Children age 0-5
• Woman age 15-49
• Health facility

Universe

The survey covered all de jure household members (usual residents), all women aged 15-49 and all children aged 0-5 resident in the household.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sampling frame used for the 2019 EMDHS is a frame of all census enumeration areas (EAs) created for the 2019 Ethiopia Population and Housing Census (EPHC) and conducted by the Central Statistical Agency (CSA). The census frame is a complete list of the 149,093 EAs created for the 2019 EPHC. An EA is a geographic area covering an average of 131 households. The sampling frame contains information about EA location, type of residence (urban or rural), and estimated number of residential households.

Administratively, Ethiopia is divided into nine geographical regions and two administrative cities. The sample for the 2019 EMDHS was designed to provide estimates of key indicators for the country as a whole, for urban and rural areas separately, and for each of the nine regions and the two administrative cities.

The 2019 EMDHS sample was stratified and selected in two stages. Each region was stratified into urban and rural areas, yielding 21 sampling strata. Samples of EAs were selected independently in each stratum in two stages. Implicit stratification and proportional allocation were achieved at each of the lower administrative levels by sorting the sampling frame within each sampling stratum before sample selection, according to administrative units in different levels, and by using a probability proportional to size selection at the first stage of sampling.

To ensure that survey precision was comparable across regions, sample allocation was done through an equal allocation wherein 25 EAs were selected from eight regions. However, 35 EAs were selected from each of the three larger regions: Amhara, Oromia, and the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples’ Region (SNNPR).

In the first stage, a total of 305 EAs (93 in urban areas and 212 in rural areas) were selected with probability proportional to EA size (based on the 2019 EPHC frame) and with independent selection in each sampling stratum. A household listing operation was carried out in all selected EAs from January through April 2019. The resulting lists of households served as a sampling frame for the selection of households in the second stage. Some of the selected EAs for the 2019 EMDHS were large, with more than 300 households. To minimise the task of household listing, each large EA selected for the 2019 EMDHS was segmented. Only one segment was selected for the survey, with probability proportional to segment size. Household listing was conducted only in the selected segment; that is, a 2019 EMDHS cluster is either an EA or a segment of an EA.

In the second stage of selection, a fixed number of 30 households per cluster were selected with an equal probability systematic selection from the newly created household listing. All women age 15-49 who were either permanent residents of the selected households or visitors who slept in the household the night before the survey were eligible to be interviewed. In all selected households, height and weight measurements were collected from children age 0-59 months, and women age 15-49 were interviewed using the Woman’s Questionnaire.

For further details on sample selection, see Appendix A of the final report.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument

Five questionnaires were used for the 2019 EMDHS: (1) the Household Questionnaire, (2) the Woman’s Questionnaire, (3) the Anthropometry Questionnaire, (4) the Health Facility Questionnaire, and (5) the Fieldworker’s Questionnaire. These questionnaires, based on The DHS Program’s standard questionnaires, were adapted to reflect the population and health issues relevant to Ethiopia. They were shortened substantially to collect data on indicators of particular relevance to Ethiopia and donors to child health programmes.

Cleaning operations

All electronic data files were transferred via the secure internet file streaming system (IFSS) to the EPHI central office in Addis Ababa, where they were stored on a password-protected computer. The data processing operation included secondary editing, which required resolution of computer-identified inconsistencies and coding of open-ended questions. The data were processed by EPHI staff members and an ICF consultant who took part in the main fieldwork training. They were supervised remotely by staff from The DHS Program. Data editing was accomplished using CSPro System software. During the fieldwork, field-check tables were generated to check various data quality parameters, and specific feedback was given to the teams to improve performance. Secondary editing, double data entry from both the anthropometry and health facility questionnaires, and data processing were initiated in April 2019 and completed in July 2019.

Response rate

A total of 9,150 households were selected for the sample, of which 8,794 were occupied. Of the occupied households, 8,663 were successfully interviewed, yielding a response rate of 99%.

In the interviewed households, 9,012 eligible women were identified for individual interviews; interviews were completed with 8,885 women, yielding a response rate of 99%. Overall, there was little variation in response rates according to residence; however, rates were slightly higher in rural than in urban areas.

Sampling error estimates

The estimates from a sample survey are affected by two types of errors: nonsampling errors and sampling errors. Nonsampling errors are the results of mistakes made in implementing data collection and data processing, such as failure to locate and interview the correct household, misunderstanding of the questions on the part of either the interviewer or the respondent, and data entry errors. Although numerous efforts were made during the implementation of the 2019 Ethiopia Mini Demographic and Health Survey (EMDHS) to minimize this type of error, nonsampling errors are impossible to avoid and difficult to evaluate statistically.

Sampling errors, on the other hand, can be evaluated statistically. The sample of respondents selected in the 2019 EMDHS is only one of many samples that could have been selected from the same population, using the same design and expected size. Each of these samples would yield results that differ somewhat from the results of the actual sample selected. Sampling errors are a measure of the variability among all possible samples. Although the degree of variability is not known exactly, it can be estimated from the survey results.

Sampling error is usually measured in terms of the standard error for a particular statistic (mean, percentage, etc.), which is the square root of the variance. The standard error can be used to calculate confidence intervals within which the true value for the population can reasonably be assumed to fall. For example, for any given statistic calculated from a sample survey, the value of that statistic will fall within a range of plus or minus two times the standard error of that statistic in 95% of all possible samples of identical size and design.

If the sample of respondents had been selected as a simple random sample, it would have been possible to use straightforward formulas for calculating sampling errors. However, the 2019 EMDHS sample is the result of a multi-stage stratified design, and, consequently, it was necessary to use more complex formulas. Sampling errors are computed in SAS, using programs developed by ICF. These programs use the Taylor linearization method to estimate variances for survey estimates that are means, proportions, or ratios. The Jackknife repeated replication method is used for variance estimation of more complex statistics such as fertility and mortality rates.

Note: A more detailed description of estimates of sampling errors are presented in APPENDIX B of the survey report.

Data appraisal

Data Quality Tables

• Household age distribution

- Age distribution of eligible and interviewed women

Ethiopia National Food Consumption Survey was conducted to investigate the food consumption pattern of the Ethiopian population to provide evidence-based information for National Food Fortification programs. The survey population was drawn from households randomly selected to be representative of all nine regions (Afar, Amhara, Benshangul-Gumuz, Gambella, Oromia, Somali, Southern Nations Nationalities and People’s, Tigray, Harari) and the two city administrations of Ethiopia (Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa).

Abstract

Introduction Dabat Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS), also called the Dabat Research Center (DRC), was established at Dabat District in 1996 after conducting initial census. Later re-census was done in 2008. The surveillance is run by the College of Medicine and Health Sciences which is one of the colleges/faculties of the University of Gondar. Dabat district is one of the 21 districts in North Gondar Administrative Zone of Amhara Region in Ethiopia. According to the report published by the Central Statistical Agency in 2007, the district has an estimated total population of 145,458 living in 27 rural and 3 urban Kebeles (sub-districts). The altitude of the district ranges from about 1000 meters to over 2500 meters above sea level. The district population largely depends on subsistence agriculture economy. There are two health centers, three health stations, and twenty-nine health posts providing health services for the community. An all-weather road runs from Gondar town through Dabat to some towns of Tigray. Dabat town, the capital of Dabat District, is located approximately 821 km northwest of Addis Ababa and 75 kms north of Gondar town. The surveillance is funded by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) through Ethiopian Public Health Association.

Objectives Dabat HDSS/ Dabat Research Centre was established to generate longitudinal data on health and population at district level and provide a study base and sampling frame for community-based research.

Methods Dabat district was initially selected purposively as a surveillance site for its unique three climatic conditions, namely Dega (high land and cold), Woina dega (mid land and temperate) and Kolla (low land and hot). The choice was made with the assumption that there would be differences in morbidity and mortality in the different climatic areas. Accordingly, seven kebeles from Dega, one kebele from Woina dega, and two kebeles from Kolla were selected randomly after stratification of the kebeles by climatic zone.

After the re-census, update has been done regularly every 6 months. During each round, data has been collected using a semi-structured questionnaire which included information related to birth and other pregnancy outcomes, death, migration, and marital status change. Interviews are administered to the heads of the household but in the absence of the head, the next elder family member is interviewed. This is only done after repeated trial of getting the head. While the regular update round is every six months, deaths that occur in the surveillance site are reported immediately to the data collectors by the local guides. After the mourning period, usually 45 days, the trained data collectors administer Verbal Autopsy (VA) questionnaire to the close relative of the deceased to get information on the possible cause(s) of death. Three VA questionnaires are prepared for the age groups 0-28 days, 29 days to 15 years, and greater than 15 years. To assign cause(s) of death, the VA data collected by data collectors is given to physicians who have got training on VA. These physicians independently assign causes of death using the standard International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10).

Geographic coverage

Dabat Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) included seven rural kebeles (sub districts) and three urban kebeles in Dabat district which is located 75 km North of Gondar town in Ethiopia. There are highlands, midlands and few low land households in the HDSS site.

Analysis unit

Individual

Universe

All individuals residing in Dabat HDSS site.

Kind of data

Event history data

Frequency of data collection

Two rounds per year

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

All questionnaires are prepared in Amharic language. The surveillance questionnaires are related to birth and other pregnancy outcomes, death, and migration.

Cleaning operations

The filled questionnaire is checked by filled supervisors, document clerk, data entry clerks for missings and other violations. In addition, DRC Software, a software developed from Microsoft Access and Visual Basic, checks violations against set of rules for data quality during data entry.

Response rate

100% response rate

Sampling error estimates

Not applicable

Data appraisal

CentreId MetricTable QMetric  Illegal   Lega  Total  Metric RunDate 
ET051 MicroDataCleaned Starts  0  59082  0  0.0 2014-06-27 19:33 
ET051 MicroDataCleaned Transitions 0  129938 129938 0.0 2014-06-27 19:33 
ET051 MicroDataCleaned Ends 0  59082  0  0.0 2014-06-27 19:33

Socio-demographic characteristics of study participants in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (n = 362).

Abstract

The main purpose of the Harmonized Host and Refugee Labor Market Survey (HHR-LMS) in Ethiopia is to provide information relevant for studying the impact of forced displacement on labor market out-comes in host communities, both among Ethiopian nationals and refugees. The survey aims at obtaining detailed information that help explore labor market outcomes for host and refugees communities living side by side and engaging in a shared labor market settings.

Geographic coverage

The survey covers select localities two regions in Ethiopia: Addis Ababa and Somali region of Ethiopia. In the Somali region, the localities of Jigjiga city; Kebribeyah town and Kebribeyah refugee camp were covered. Within these localities, the survey is representative of the national and refugee population.

Analysis unit

Individual and household.

Universe

The survey covered all de jure households excluding prison, hospitals, military barracks and school dormitories. It includes both national and refugee households.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

[Further described in "Harmonized Host and Refugee Labor Market Survey in Ethiopia, Sampling Description" documentation.]

The sample design included 150 initial enumeration areas in Addis Ababa and 79 EAs in Somali region. These EAs were selected using probability proportionate to size where size is measured by the number of households. The enumeration areas were selected based on the sample frame prepared for the population census of Ethiopia planned for 2020 but not implemented due to the COVID pandemic and overall security challenges in the country. The Ethiopian Central Statistical Service (CSS) conducted the selection of the EAs and provided their list along with detailed maps of the areas.

Using maps of the selected enumeration areas provided by CSS, the study team conducted the listing of all households in the selected EAs with door-to-door visits. The listing exercise was carried out during February-March 2022 in Addis Ababa and during May-June 2022 in Somali region by a team of local field workers recruited and trained for this purpose.

In Addis Ababa, we employed adaptive cluster sampling (ACS) to capture enough refugee households. Using the listing of households in the initial 150 clusters in Ababa, we identified those EAs that have 10 percent or more refugee households and conducted the listing of all their neighbors. This resulted in listing additional 71 EAs clusters that are identified as neighbors to these initial clusters. The exer-cise served as a basis for selection of both refugees and national households in Addis Ababa.

In general, the sample design is a two-stage sample, with an extra third stage for individuals random-ly selected in households (RSI). Within each household, one person is selected at random (RSI) from the list of the eligible members: persons aged between 18 and 65 years old in a national household; or refugees aged between 18 and 65 years old in a non-national household.

Sampling deviation

Description provided in "Harmonized Host and Refugee Labor Market Survey in Ethiopia, Sampling Description" documentation.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument

Two main questionnaires were used to two sampling units: the household head and a randomly selected individual from within the household among the members of the household who are in the age range of 18 to 65 years old.

Response rate

Description provided in "Harmonized Host and Refugee Labor Market Survey in Ethiopia, Sampling Description" documentation.

Socio-demographic characteristics of the study population with limited access to an improved drinking water source in Ethiopia, 2016 EDHS.

Abstract

In recent years, the need for comprehensive economic statistics has been growing rapidly in most developing countries in view of the use of such statistics in formulating socio-economic development plans in general, and to assess the socio-economic situation at the micro level, in particular. Thus, reliable and timely economic statistics data at the household level such as the ones obtained from Household Income, Consumption and Expenditure Surveys, on a regular basis are the major sources of socio-economic information. These surveys provide valuable data, especially for assessment of the impact of policies on the conditions and levels of living of households. In this survey, data were collected on basic population characteristics; consumption of food, drinks and tobacco; expenditure of the household on various consumption and non-consumption items; and household income and receipts. The data collection exercise took into account the two major seasons of the country, i.e., the slack/wet season and the peak/dry (harvest) season. It is a well known fact that surveys of Household Income, Consumption and Expenditure usually have the major goal of providing basic data needed for policy making purposes as well as other related issues that might arise at the micro level.

The major objectives of the survey are to: - Provide data on the levels, distribution and pattern of household income, consumption and expenditure that will be used for analysis of changes in the levels of living standards of households over time in various socio-economic groups and geographical areas. - Obtained information for the formulation of socio-economic plans and policies. - Furnish bench mark data for assessing the impact of existing or proposed socio-economic programs on household living conditions. - Provide data for compiling household accounts in the system of national accounts, especially in the estimation of private consumption expenditure. - Obtain weights and other useful information for the construction of consumer price indices at various levels.

Geographic coverage

The 1995-1996 Household Income, Consumption and Expenditure Survey covered all parts of the country on sample basis except the non sedentary population in Afar and Somali regions.

Analysis unit

• Household
• Individual/person
• Consumption expenditure item/ product/ service

Universe

The survey covered all households in the selected sample areas excluding residents of collective quarters, homeless persons and foreigners.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

SAMPLE DESIGN: The 1995-1996 Household Income, Consumption and Expenditure Survey covered both urban and rural parts of the country, except six zones in Somalie region and two zones in Afar region. For the purpose of the survey, the country was divided into four categories. Urban areas were divided into twp broad categories taking into account sizes of their population. Rural areas were also grouped into two categories.

Category I: Rural parts of eight regions were grouped in this category each of which was the survey domain (reporting level). These regions are Tigray, Afar, Somali, Benishangul-Gumz, Gambela, Harari, Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa.

Category II: In this category thirteen survey domains were defined by grouping contiguous rural parts of the zones or special weredas in Amhara, Oromiya, and SNNP Regions respectively. These were: a) Amhara I) North Gonder, South Gonder II) East Gojam, West Gojam and Agew Awi III) North Welo and Wag Himra, and IV) South Welo, Oromiya and North Shoa

b) Oromiya I) East Wellega, and Wellega II) Ilubabor and Jimma III) North Shoa, West Shoa IV) East Shoa, Arsi, Bale and Borena, and V) East and West Hararge

c) SNNP I) Keficho-Shekicho, Bench-Maji and Yem, II) North Omo, South Omo, Derashe and Konso, III) Gurage, Hadiya and Kembata-Alaba-Timbaro, and IV) Sidama, Gedio, Amaro and Burji. Other than the 13 domains (reporting levels) defined in Category II, three additional domains could be constructed by combining basic domains from the two rural categories. These domains are: a) Rural Amhara b) Rural Oromiya and c) Rural SNNP

Category III: Ten large urban centers of the country were grouped in this category. Each of the ten urban centers in this category was the survey domain (reporting level), for which separate survey results for major survey characteristics were reported.

Category IV: Urban centers in the country other than the ten urban centers in category III were grouped in this category and formed a single reporting level.

Other than the eleven domains (reporting levels) defined in Category III and Category IV, one additional domain, namely total urban (country level) can be constructed by combining the basic domains defined in the two categories.

All in all twenty four basic rural domains (reporting levels) including total rural (country level) were defined for the survey.

In addition to the above urban rural domains, survey results are to be reported at regional and country levels by aggregating the survey results for the corresponding urban and rural area.

Definition of the survey domains was based on both technical and resource considerations. More specifically, sample sizes for the domains were determined to enable provision of major indicators with reasonable precision subject to the resources that were available for the survey.

The sample selection scheme and sample size issues are discussed as follows: a) Category I and Category II: A stratified two-stage sample design was used to select the sample in which the Primary Sampling Units (PSUs) were enumeration areas (EAs). Sample EAs from each domain were selected using systematic probability proportional to size; size being number of households obtained form 1994 population and housing census. A total of 620 EAs were selected from the rural part. Within each sample EA a fresh list of households was prepared at the beginning of the survey's filed work and for the administration of the survey questionnaire 12 households per sample EA were systematically selected.

b) Category III: Stratified two-stage sample design was used to select the sample in which the PSUs were EAs. Sample EAs from each domain were selected using systematic probability proportional to size; size being number of household obtained form the 1994 population and housing census. In this category, a total of 220 EAs were selected. Within each sample EA, fresh list of households was prepared at the beginning of the survey's field work and for the administration of the survey questionnaire 15 households per sample EA were systematically selected.

c) Category IV: Three-stage stratified sample design was adopted to select the sample from domains in category IV. The PSUs were urban centers selected using systematic probability proportional to size; size being number of households obtained from the 1994 population and housing census. The secondary sampling units (SSUs) were EAs which were selected using systematic probability proportion to size; size being number of households obtained from the 1994 population and housing census. Number of sample SSUs selected from each of the sample urban centers was determined by proportional allocation to their household population from the census. Ultimately, 15 households within each of the sample EAs were selected systematically from a fresh list of households prepared at the beginning of the survey's field work the administration of the survey questionnaire.

Note: Distribution of sample units by domain (reporting levels) is given in Summary Tables A and B (first round) and Summary Tables C and D (second round) of 1995 Household Income, Consumption and Expenditure Survey report which is provided as external resource.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The survey used structured questionnaire that consisted of the following forms: - Form 1: Household characteristics (list of members, sex, age, marital status, etc) - Form 2A: Quantity and value of weekly consumption of food, drinks and tobacco for the first and second week - Form 2B: Quantity and value of weekly consumption of food, drinks and tobacco for the third and fourth week - Form 3: Consumption expenditure of the household on clothing, headwear, footwear and the like - Form 4A: Consumption expenditure on housing: House rent and repairs, energy, water for first and second week - Form 4B: Consumption expenditure on housing: House rent and repairs, energy, water for third and fourth week - Form 5: Consumption expenditure on household operation and domestic service/ domestic utensils, cleaning items, domestic services, etc - Form 6A: Household consumption expenditure on services: Health, education, transport and communications, entertainment, etc for the first and second week - Form 6B: Household consumption expenditure on services: Health, education, transport and communications, entertainment, etc for the third and fourth week - Form 7A: Household consumption expenditure on personal care and effects and other expenditure for first and second week - Form 7B: Household consumption expenditure on personal care and effects and other expenditure for third and fourth week - Form 8: Non-consumption expenditure of households: 'Ekub', 'Edir' payments, remittance given out, purchases of lottery tickets, gambling expenses, etc - Form 9A: Income received by the household in cash and/or in kind for first and second week - Form 9B: Income received by the household in cash and/or in Kind for third and fourth week

Note: The survey questionnaire is provided as external

Abstract

Tigray is one of the nine administrative regions in Ethiopia. It is comprised of seven zones, of which the Eastern zone is base for the Kiltie Awlaelo Health and Demographic Surveillance Site. The Kiltie Awlaelo HDSS includes 10 kebeles (districts) selected from Eastern zone considering agroclimatic, rural/urban and other several factors to assure representativeness. Nine of the study districts are rural and only one is from urban. The site is located 802 km North of Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia.The surveillance was started in 2009, with a baseline population of 65, 848 (urban 87.2% and 13.7% from rural) living in 14,454 households.

The objective of this surveillance is to provide important demographic and health related indicators with international, national and local policy importance. In this surveillance, socio-demographic characterstics, dates of birth, death, in-migration and outmigration and martial chage are continiously updated. Socio-demographic characterstics are updated once per year and events like birth, death, inmigration and outmigration and marital status change are updated every six months.

Geographic coverage

Kilite Awlaelo HDSS has 10 kebelles (smallest administrative unit in Ethiopia). Nine of them are rural kebelles and one kebelle is urban.

Analysis unit

Individual

Universe

All residents of the HDSS

Kind of data

Event history data

Frequency of data collection

Two rounds per year

Sampling procedure

Not Applicable

Sampling deviation

None

Mode of data collection

Proxy Respondent [proxy]

Research instrument

The following forms were used: - Registration - Migration: (a) Inmigration, (b) Outmigration - Pregnancy: (a) Pregnancy Observation, (b) Pregnancy Outcome - Residence - Birth - Death

Cleaning operations

Data was left censored to 1 Jan 2010 to account for the start-up phase of the surveillance.

Response rate

Response rate in near to 100%

Sampling error estimates

Not Applicable

Data appraisal

CentreId MetricTable QMetric Illegal Legal Total Metric RunDate ET031 MicroDataCleaned Starts 81069 2017-05-16 09:38
ET031 MicroDataCleaned Transitions 183204 183204 0 2017-05-16 09:38
ET031 MicroDataCleaned Ends 81069 2017-05-16 09:38
ET031 MicroDataCleaned SexValues 183204 2017-05-16 09:38
ET031 MicroDataCleaned DoBValues 4 183200 183204 0 2017-05-16 09:38