In the past five decades, the global literacy rate among adults has grown from 67 percent in 1976 to 87.36 percent in 2023. In 1976, males had a literacy rate of 76 percent, compared to a rate of 58 percent among females. This difference of over 17 percent in 1976 has fallen to just seven percent in 2020. Although gaps in literacy rates have fallen across all regions in recent decades, significant disparities remain across much of South Asia and Africa, while the difference is below one percent in Europe and the Americas. Reasons for these differences are rooted in economic and cultural differences across the globe. In poorer societies, families with limited means are often more likely to invest in their sons' education, while their daughters take up a more domestic role. Varieties do exist on national levels, however, and female literacy levels can sometimes exceed the male rate even in impoverished nations, such as Lesotho (where the difference was over 17 percent in 2014); nonetheless, these are exceptions to the norm.

The average for 2021 based on 3 countries was 94.81 percent. The highest value was in Costa Rica: 98.04 percent and the lowest value was in Puerto Rico: 92.4 percent. The indicator is available from 1970 to 2023. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

The National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) is a continuing survey of the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of young Americans. Each year during the period 1970-1980, 75,000 to 100,000 persons were assessed in the following learning areas: reading, reading/literature, mathematics, science, and citizenship/social studies. Data are presented for 9-year-olds, 13-year-olds, and 17-year-olds for the academic years 1970-1971, 1972-1973 to 1977-1978, and 1979-1980, in the form of "Booklet" files. At the school level, background variables include the region, census division, type and size of community, occupation mix of attendance area, grade range, racial composition, total enrollment, and Title I eligibility. At the respondent level, items cover age, sex, race, parents' education, and reading materials in the home. From the school year 1972-1973 on, regional migration variables are included for the older age groups. From 1975-1976 on, 17-year-olds were asked a number of additional background questions, including their homework and TV viewing habits, languages spoken in the home, racial/ethnic heritage, and household possessions.

Literacy in India has been increasing as more and more people receive a better education, but it is still far from all-encompassing. In 2023, the degree of literacy in India was about 77 percent, with the majority of literate Indians being men. It is estimated that the global literacy rate for people aged 15 and above is about 86 percent. How to read a literacy rateIn order to identify potential for intellectual and educational progress, the literacy rate of a country covers the level of education and skills acquired by a country’s inhabitants. Literacy is an important indicator of a country’s economic progress and the standard of living – it shows how many people have access to education. However, the standards to measure literacy cannot be universally applied. Measures to identify and define illiterate and literate inhabitants vary from country to country: In some, illiteracy is equated with no schooling at all, for example. Writings on the wallGlobally speaking, more men are able to read and write than women, and this disparity is also reflected in the literacy rate in India – with scarcity of schools and education in rural areas being one factor, and poverty another. Especially in rural areas, women and girls are often not given proper access to formal education, and even if they are, many drop out. Today, India is already being surpassed in this area by other emerging economies, like Brazil, China, and even by most other countries in the Asia-Pacific region. To catch up, India now has to offer more educational programs to its rural population, not only on how to read and write, but also on traditional gender roles and rights.

United States US: Educational Attainment: At Least Completed Primary: Population 25+ Years: Total: % Cumulative data was reported at 98.774 % in 2015. This records a decrease from the previous number of 98.793 % for 2014. United States US: Educational Attainment: At Least Completed Primary: Population 25+ Years: Total: % Cumulative data is updated yearly, averaging 98.677 % from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2015, with 13 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 98.867 % in 2013 and a record low of 94.500 % in 1970. United States US: Educational Attainment: At Least Completed Primary: Population 25+ Years: Total: % Cumulative data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.World Bank: Education Statistics. The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed primary education.; ; UNESCO Institute for Statistics; ;

The average for 2021 based on 5 countries was 97.53 percent. The highest value was in Costa Rica: 99.46 percent and the lowest value was in Puerto Rico: 92.4 percent. The indicator is available from 1970 to 2023. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

Context

In this problem, we will be examining the "state" dataset, which has data from the 1970s on all fifty US states. For each state, the dataset includes the population, per capita income, illiteracy rate, murder rate, high school graduation rate, average number of frost days, area, latitude and longitude, division the state belongs to, region the state belongs to, and two-letter abbreviation.

Content

This dataset has 50 observations (one for each US state) and the following 15 variables:

Population - the population estimate of the state in 1975 Income - per capita income in 1974 Illiteracy - illiteracy rates in 1970, as a percent of the population Life.Exp - the life expectancy in years of residents of the state in 1970 Murder - the murder and non-negligent manslaughter rate per 100,000 population in 1976 HS.Grad - percent of high-school graduates in 1970 Frost - the mean number of days with minimum temperature below freezing from 1931–1960 in the capital or a large city of the state Area - the land area (in square miles) of the state state.abb - a 2-letter abreviation for each state state.area - the area of each state, in square miles x - the longitude of the center of the state y - the latitude of the center of the state state.division - the division each state belongs to (New England, Middle Atlantic, South Atlantic, East South Central, West South Central, East North Central, West North Central, Mountain, or Pacific) state.name - the full names of each state state.region - the region each state belong to (Northeast, South, North Central, or West)

Acknowledgements

MITx ANALYTIX

In 2022, about 37.7 percent of the U.S. population who were aged 25 and above had graduated from college or another higher education institution, a slight decline from 37.9 the previous year. However, this is a significant increase from 1960, when only 7.7 percent of the U.S. population had graduated from college. Demographics Educational attainment varies by gender, location, race, and age throughout the United States. Asian-American and Pacific Islanders had the highest level of education, on average, while Massachusetts and the District of Colombia are areas home to the highest rates of residents with a bachelor’s degree or higher. However, education levels are correlated with wealth. While public education is free up until the 12th grade, the cost of university is out of reach for many Americans, making social mobility increasingly difficult. Earnings White Americans with a professional degree earned the most money on average, compared to other educational levels and races. However, regardless of educational attainment, males typically earned far more on average compared to females. Despite the decreasing wage gap over the years in the country, it remains an issue to this day. Not only is there a large wage gap between males and females, but there is also a large income gap linked to race as well.

The average for 2021 based on 11 countries was 98.77 percent. The highest value was in Latvia: 99.89 percent and the lowest value was in Malta: 94.94 percent. The indicator is available from 1970 to 2023. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

This collection provides information on live births in the United States during calendar year 1970. The natality data in this file are a component of the vital statistics collection effort maintained by the federal government. Variables specify place of birth, race and sex of the child, weight at birth and birth order, number of other children born alive or dead, person in attendance at birth, as well as mother's and father's age, race, and education.

As of 2022, 51.4 percent of Americans aged 20 to 21 years were enrolled in higher education institutions in the United States, a considerable increase compared to 31.9 percent enrolled in 1970. For Americans aged 18 to 19, 46.5 percent were enrolled in higher education in 2022.

United States US: Primary Education: Duration data was reported at 6.000 Year in 2017. This stayed constant from the previous number of 6.000 Year for 2016. United States US: Primary Education: Duration data is updated yearly, averaging 6.000 Year from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2017, with 48 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 6.000 Year in 2017 and a record low of 6.000 Year in 2017. United States US: Primary Education: Duration data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.World Bank: Education Statistics. Primary duration refers to the number of grades (years) in primary school.; ; United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics.; Median;

United States US: Educational Attainment: At Least Completed Primary: Population 25+ Years: Female: % Cumulative data was reported at 98.768 % in 2015. This records an increase from the previous number of 98.766 % for 2014. United States US: Educational Attainment: At Least Completed Primary: Population 25+ Years: Female: % Cumulative data is updated yearly, averaging 98.704 % from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2015, with 13 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 98.869 % in 2013 and a record low of 95.000 % in 1970. United States US: Educational Attainment: At Least Completed Primary: Population 25+ Years: Female: % Cumulative data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.World Bank: Education Statistics. The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed primary education.; ; UNESCO Institute for Statistics; ;

The average annual fee for tuition and required services at public higher education institutions in the United States was 7,998 U.S. dollars in 2023. This figure was significantly higher at private higher education institutions, which stood at 34,923 U.S. dollars.

This dataset contains records for each public elementary and secondary school in the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and outlying areas (American Samoa, Guam, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and the Marshall Islands) for fall 1969 through fall 1972. The data provide information on the name, address, county, and district of the school, programs offered, and the number of pupils and teachers by organizational level of government control. School-by-school data were obtained through various procedures chosen by the state education agencies from options established by the National Center for Education Statistics.

Time series data for the statistic Government expenditure on education not specified by level, constant US$ (millions) and country Italy. Indicator Definition:Total general (local, regional and central) government expenditure on education (current, capital, and transfers) not specified by level in millions US$ in constant value (taking into account inflation). It includes expenditure funded by transfers from international sources to government. Total government expenditure for a given level of education (e.g. primary, secondary, or all levels combined) in national currency is converted to US$, and where it is expressed in constant value, uses a GDP deflator to account for inflation. The constant prices base year is normally three years before the year of the data release. For example, in the July 2017 data release, constant US$ values are expressed in 2014 prices. Limitations: In some instances data on total government expenditure on education refers only to the Ministry of Education, excluding other ministries which may also spend a part of their budget on educational activities. For more information, consult the UNESCO Institute of Statistics website: http://www.uis.unesco.org/Education/The indicator "Government expenditure on education not specified by level, constant US$ (millions)" stands at 0.0 Thousand usd as of 12/31/2010. Regarding the Ten-Year-Change of the series, the current value constitutes a decrease of -100.00 percent compared to the value ten years prior.The 10 year change in percent is -100.00.

Time series data for the statistic Government expenditure on education not specified by level, constant US$ (millions) and country Guyana. Indicator Definition:Total general (local, regional and central) government expenditure on education (current, capital, and transfers) not specified by level in millions US$ in constant value (taking into account inflation). It includes expenditure funded by transfers from international sources to government. Total government expenditure for a given level of education (e.g. primary, secondary, or all levels combined) in national currency is converted to US$, and where it is expressed in constant value, uses a GDP deflator to account for inflation. The constant prices base year is normally three years before the year of the data release. For example, in the July 2017 data release, constant US$ values are expressed in 2014 prices. Limitations: In some instances data on total government expenditure on education refers only to the Ministry of Education, excluding other ministries which may also spend a part of their budget on educational activities. For more information, consult the UNESCO Institute of Statistics website: http://www.uis.unesco.org/Education/The indicator "Government expenditure on education not specified by level, constant US$ (millions)" stands at 16.36 usd as of 12/31/2012. Regarding the One-Year-Change of the series, the current value constitutes a decrease of -26.33 percent compared to the value the year prior.The 1 year change in percent is -26.33.The 3 year change in percent is 20.05.The 5 year change in percent is 4.38.The 10 year change in percent is -43.43.The Serie's long term average value is 17.99 usd. It's latest available value, on 12/31/2012, is 9.07 percent lower, compared to it's long term average value.The Serie's change in percent from it's minimum value, on 12/31/1970, to it's latest available value, on 12/31/2012, is +556.95%.The Serie's change in percent from it's maximum value, on 12/31/2002, to it's latest available value, on 12/31/2012, is -43.43%.

Raw data from the post of the same name.

Dataset contains multiple metrics of educational attainment (1970-2020) for every county in the US. Available in https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/county-level-data-sets/county-level-data-sets-download-data/

United States US: Educational Attainment, At Least Completed Upper Secondary: Population 25+ Years: Total: % Cumulative data was reported at 88.412 % in 2015. This records an increase from the previous number of 88.314 % for 2014. United States US: Educational Attainment, At Least Completed Upper Secondary: Population 25+ Years: Total: % Cumulative data is updated yearly, averaging 86.709 % from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2015, with 13 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 88.412 % in 2015 and a record low of 65.700 % in 1970. United States US: Educational Attainment, At Least Completed Upper Secondary: Population 25+ Years: Total: % Cumulative data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.World Bank: Education Statistics. The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed upper secondary education.; ; UNESCO Institute for Statistics; ;