In 2024, South Africa ranked first in the crime index among African countries, with a score of **** index points. Nigeria was the second most dangerous country on the continent, obtaining **** points. The index evaluates the overall crime levels in a specific country. Several African countries scored between ** and ** points, indicating high crime levels. Escalating concerns: South Africans worry about crime and violence In 2024, South Africa had one of the highest proportions of respondents expressing concerns about crime and violence compared to other countries participating in an online study. Throughout the period examined, the percentage of participants worried about violence peaked at ** percent in March 2023. The escalating levels of violent crime currently witnessed in the country has caused this significant rise in concerned respondents. South Africa's organized crime landscape In 2023, South Africa ranked the ************* in organized crime compared to its African counterparts. The continent's most prevalent organized criminal activity was **************************************. Moreover, from a regional perspective, Southern African countries had the lowest organized crime rate.

In 2024, Pietermaritzburg in South Africa ranked first in the crime index among African cities, scoring **** index points. The six most dangerous areas on the continent were South African cities. Furthermore, Pretoria and Johannesburg followed, with a score of **** and **** points, respectively. The index estimates the overall level of crime in a specific territory. According to the score, crime levels are classified as very high (over 80), high (60-80), moderate (40-60), low (20-40), and very low (below 20). Contact crimes are common in South Africa Contact crimes in South Africa include violent crimes such as murder, attempted murder, and sexual offenses, as well as common assault and robbery. In fiscal year 2022/2023, the suburb of Johannesburg Central in the Gauteng province of South Africa had the highest number of contact crime incidents. Common assault was the main contributing type of offense to the overall number of contact crimes. Household robberies peak in certain months In South Africa, June, July, and December experienced the highest number of household robberies in 2023. June and July are the months that provide the most hours of darkness, thus allowing criminals more time to break in and enter homes without being detected easily. In December, most South Africans decide to go away on holiday, leaving their homes at risk for a potential break-in. On the other hand, only around ** percent of households affected by robbery reported it to the police in the fiscal year 2022/2023.

Overview This dataset lists attributes or traits of the animals known as the dangerous seven (Lion, leopard, elephant, rhino, buffalo, hippo and crocodile). The data was collected with the intent of comparing each of the animals in a head to head battle. For all data collected on each animal, a scale of 1 to 10 (with 10 being the highest) was applied to normalize it. Normalizing metrics on a 1-10 scale allows for a consistent calculation of an overall rating. Absolute data on Weight and Speed was normalised or scaled 1-10. Using the source information on each animal, a score of 1 to 10 was applied to three additional metrics: Agility, Aggression and 'Weapon Factor'. Detailed information on these metrics is available in the Ratings section below.
To allow for a consistent head-to-head comparison, all data collected is for male animals. For all seven animals, the data showed that males had larger sizes and higher head-to-head combat traits.
Data has been collected and evaluated for both land and water, allowing for a comparison in both scenarios.

Reference List The data was compiled from multiple publicly available peer-reviewed documents, reports and guides by wildlife biologists and ecologists as follows:

1. Bailey, T. N. (1993). The African Leopard: Ecology and Behavior of a Solitary Felid. Columbia University Press.
2. Bertram, B. C. R. (1979). Serengeti predators and their social systems. In Serengeti: Dynamics of an Ecosystem (pp. 221–285). University of Chicago Press.
3. Dinerstein, E. (2011). The Return of the Unicorns: The Natural History and Conservation of the Greater One-Horned Rhinoceros. Columbia University Press.
4. Eltringham, S. K. (1999). The Hippos: Natural History and Conservation. Academic Press.
5. Estes, R. D. (1991). The Behavior Guide to African Mammals: Including Hoofed Mammals, Carnivores, Primates. University of California Press.
6. Hayward, M. W., & Kerley, G. I. H. (2005). Prey preferences of the lion (Panthera leo). Journal of Zoology, 267(3), 309–322.
7. Huchzermeyer, F. W. (2003). Crocodiles: Biology, Husbandry, and Diseases. CABI.
8. Kingdon, J. (2015). The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals (2nd ed.). Bloomsbury.
9. Shoshani, J. (1998). Understanding proboscidean evolution: a formidable task. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 13(12), 480–487.
10. Sinclair, A. R. E., & Arcese, P. (1995). Serengeti II: Dynamics, Management, and Conservation of an Ecosystem. University of Chicago Press.
11. Sunquist, M., & Sunquist, F. (2002). Wild Cats of the World. University of Chicago Press.
12. Whitman, K. L. (2006). Modelling, prediction and assessment of the social structure, population dynamics and conservation genetics of African lions. (Ph.D. dissertation, University of Minnesota).
13. Additional insights on speed and behavior are supported by articles such as Field & Stream’s “10 Most Powerful Animal Bites on the Planet” and reports from National Geographic.

Ratings, Weightings and Formula A) Assigning Weapon Factors (WF) 1–10 Scale WF represents an animal’s offensive capability based on its primary attack tools (bite, tusks, claws, etc.), evaluated through morphology and combat behavior.

Lions: Strong bite and retractable claws give them WF 8 (land), 4 (water). Rhino: Large horns lead to WF 6 (land), 2 (water). Hippo: Enormous canines result in WF 6 (land & water). Crocodile: Powerful jaws and death roll make them WF 8 (water), 6 (land). Buffalo: Curved horns grant WF 6 (land), 2 (water). Elephant: Tusks and trunk provide WF 6 (land), 2 (water). Leopard: Canines and claws allow WF 6 (land), 4 (water)

B) Assigning Agility Ratings (1–10 Scale)

Agility reflects an animal’s ability to maneuver quickly and effectively in its primary environment. These ratings are based on observed speed, maneuverability, and body structure.

Lions: On land, lions are highly agile with rapid acceleration and sharp turns, rated 8 on land; but dropping to 4 in water. Rhinos: Rhinos exhibit moderate agility on land (5 on land) and low agility in water (2 in water). Hippos: Hippos are bulky and relatively slow on land (3 on land); in water, they can make short, moderate movements (3 in water). Crocodiles: Crocodiles are moderately agile on land (5 on land) but highly agile in water (8 in water) thanks to their streamlined, aquatic design. Buffalo: Buffalo are moderately agile on land (6 on land) but less so in water (3 in water) due to their robust build. Elephants: Elephants are very low in agility on land (2 on land) and similarly low in water (2 in water), given their massive size. Leopards: Leopards excel on land with exceptional agility (9 on land) but are less agile in water (4 in water). This scale ensures consistent comparison of combat effectiveness.

C) Assigning Aggressiveness Ratings (1–10 Scale)

Aggressiveness reflects an animal’s willingness t...

As of 2024, Libya was the North African country with the highest crime index, achieving **** index points. The index measures the level of crime in a given country or city. Algeria followed with a score of **** (moderate level). In contrast, Tunisia registered the lowest crime index in North Africa in that year.

WildJailbreak Africa

This dataset contains translations of 50,000 samples from the ai2-adapt-dev/tulu_v3.9_wildjailbreak_decontaminated_50k dataset into 5 African languages. The dataset is designed for instruction tuning and safety training of language models in low-resource African languages.

  Dataset Description

The original WildJailbreak dataset is a synthetic safety-training dataset containing both vanilla (direct harmful requests) and adversarial (complex adversarial… See the full description on the dataset page: https://huggingface.co/datasets/CraneAILabs/wildjailbreak-africa.

In 2024, Rwanda was the safest country in Africa. It had a score of roughly **** points in the safety index, making it the African nation with the lowest crime incidents and the only country with high safety levels - over 60 index points. In several other countries in Africa, the level of safety was considered moderate (40 to 60 index points).

Middle-East And Africa Hazardous Waste Handling Automation Market size was valued at USD 1.2 Billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 2.5 Billion by 2031 growing at a CAGR of 7.3% from 2024 to 2031.

Middle-East And Africa Hazardous Waste Handling Automation Market Dynamics

The key market dynamics that are shaping the Middle-East And Africa Hazardous Waste Handling Automation Market include:

Key Market Drivers

Stringent Environmental Regulations and Waste Management Policies: According to the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Middle Eastern and African countries are enforcing increasingly stringent environmental restrictions. The UAE's Ministry of Climate Change and Environment is mandated a 50% reduction in landfill waste by 2025, encouraging the use of innovative hazardous waste management technology. Saudi Arabia's National Environmental Strategy intends to cut industrial waste by 40% via automated handling and treatment systems.

This paper exploits an unusual transportation setting to generate some of the first revealed preference value of a statistical life (VSL) estimates from a low-income setting. We estimate the trade-offs individuals are willing to make between mortality risk and cost as they travel to and from the international airport in Sierra Leone (which is separated from the capital Freetown by a body of water). We observe travelers choosing among multiple transport options – namely, ferry, helicopter, hovercraft, and water taxi. The setting and original dataset allow us to address some typical omitted variable concerns, and also to compare VSL estimates for travelers from dozens of countries, including both African and non-African countries, all facing the same choice situation. The average VSL estimate for African travelers in the sample is US$577,000 compared to US$924,000 for non-Africans. Individual characteristics, particularly job earnings and fatalistic attitudes, can largely account for this variation in the estimated VSL, but there is little evidence that estimates are driven by individuals’ lack of information or predicted life expectancy. We estimate a large income elasticity of the VSL of +1.77. These VSL estimates begin to fill an important gap in the existing literature, and can be used to inform public policy, including current debates within Sierra Leone regarding the desirability of constructing new transportation infrastructure.

South Africa ZA: Mortality Rate Attributed to Unsafe Water, Unsafe Sanitation and Lack of Hygiene: per 100,000 Population data was reported at 13.700 Ratio in 2016. South Africa ZA: Mortality Rate Attributed to Unsafe Water, Unsafe Sanitation and Lack of Hygiene: per 100,000 Population data is updated yearly, averaging 13.700 Ratio from Dec 2016 (Median) to 2016, with 1 observations. South Africa ZA: Mortality Rate Attributed to Unsafe Water, Unsafe Sanitation and Lack of Hygiene: per 100,000 Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s South Africa – Table ZA.World Bank: Health Statistics. Mortality rate attributed to unsafe water, unsafe sanitation and lack of hygiene is deaths attributable to unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene focusing on inadequate WASH services per 100,000 population. Death rates are calculated by dividing the number of deaths by the total population. In this estimate, only the impact of diarrhoeal diseases, intestinal nematode infections, and protein-energy malnutrition are taken into account.; ; World Health Organization, Global Health Observatory Data Repository (http://apps.who.int/ghodata/).; Weighted average;

The report on Middle East & Africa Hazardous Location Connectors covers a summarized study of several factors supporting market growth, such as market size, market type, major regions, and end-user applications. The report enables customers to recognize key drivers that influence and govern the market.

South Africa hazardous waste management market is valued at USD 17 million, driven by industrial growth, strict regulations, and sustainability awareness, with key segments in solid and industrial waste.

The African waste management market, valued at $21.72 billion in 2025, is experiencing robust growth, projected to expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.98% from 2025 to 2033. This expansion is driven by several key factors. Rapid urbanization across the continent is leading to increased waste generation, particularly in major cities like Lagos, Cairo, and Johannesburg. Simultaneously, rising environmental awareness among governments and citizens is fueling demand for improved waste management infrastructure and sustainable disposal methods. The increasing adoption of recycling and waste-to-energy technologies also contributes to market growth. Furthermore, stricter environmental regulations and government initiatives aimed at promoting waste management are creating a conducive environment for market players. However, challenges remain, including insufficient funding for waste management projects in many African countries, a lack of advanced waste management technologies in certain regions, and inconsistent waste collection services in some areas. Despite these challenges, significant opportunities exist. The diverse waste streams – industrial, municipal solid, hazardous, e-waste, plastic, and biomedical – present various avenues for investment and innovation. The market is segmented by disposal methods, including landfills, incineration, dismantling, and recycling, each presenting specific growth potentials. The presence of established players like Averda, Enviroserv, and Interwaste, alongside emerging local companies and social enterprises, signifies a dynamic and competitive landscape. Focusing on sustainable solutions, leveraging technology, and partnering with local communities are crucial for companies seeking success in this growing market. The growth trajectory is expected to be particularly strong in countries with higher population density and economic growth, such as Nigeria, South Africa, and Egypt. Addressing the existing infrastructure gaps and promoting public-private partnerships will be key to unlocking the full potential of the African waste management sector. This comprehensive report provides a detailed analysis of the burgeoning Africa waste management industry, encompassing the historical period (2019-2024), base year (2025), and forecast period (2025-2033). With a focus on key market segments and influential players, this report is an invaluable resource for businesses, investors, and policymakers seeking to understand and capitalize on the opportunities within this rapidly evolving sector. The study covers a market valued at billions, projecting significant growth fueled by increasing urbanization, rising environmental awareness, and supportive government regulations. Search terms like "African waste management market," "waste recycling Africa," "municipal solid waste Africa," and "e-waste management Africa" are strategically incorporated for maximum search engine visibility. Recent developments include: October 2022- In line with the conditions stated on June 9, 2022, SUEZ, Royal Bafokeng Holdings (RBH), and African Infrastructure Investment Managers (AIIM) finalized the acquisition of EnviroServ Proprietary Holdings Ltd and its subsidiaries (collectively, "EnviroServ") after receiving permission from the regional antitrust authorities. By this purchase, SUEZ will be able to solidify both its presence in Africa and its position as a global leader in the treatment of municipal and industrial waste., May 2022- Innovative trash solutions are being introduced to developing markets in the Middle East and Africa thanks to a historic new deal between IFC and Averda International, one of the largest privately held integrated waste management firms in those regions. The UAE-based firm will be able to continue its planned development in South Africa, Oman, and Morocco with the help of a USD 30 million loan from IFC, which will help it become more resilient after the epidemic. With integrated waste management services driven by the private sector, the historic agreement will contribute to delivering advantages for the environment. with this deal, IFC makes its first investment in the continent of Africa and the Middle East's private waste management market.. Notable trends are: Increasing Awareness towards the Waste Management.

BackgroundOf the total 56 million deaths worldwide during 2012, 38 million (68%) were due to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), particularly cardiovascular diseases (17.5 million deaths) cancers (8.2 million) which represents46.2% and 21.7% of NCD deaths, respectively). Nearly 80 percent of the global CVD deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries. Some of the major CVDs such as ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke and CVD risk conditions, namely, hypertension and dyslipidaemia share common modifiable risk factors including smoking, unhealthy diets, harmful use of alcohol and physical inactivity. The CVDs are now putting a heavy strain of the health systems at both national and local levels, which have previously largely focused on infectious diseases and appalling maternal and child health. We set out to estimate district-level co-occurrence of two cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), namely, ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke; and two major risk conditions for CVD, namely, hypertension and dyslipidaemia in South Africa.MethodThe analyses were based on adults health collected as part of the 2012 South African National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (SANHANES). We used joint disease mapping models to estimate and map the spatial distributions of risks of hypertension, self-report of ischaemic heart disease (IHD), stroke and dyslipidaemia at the district level in South Africa. The analyses were adjusted for known individual social demographic and lifestyle factors, household and district level poverty measurements using binary spatial models.ResultsThe estimated prevalence of IHD, stroke, hypertension and dyslipidaemia revealed high inequality at the district level (median value (range): 5.4 (0–17.8%); 1.7 (0–18.2%); 32.0 (12.5–48.2%) and 52.2 (0–71.7%), respectively). The adjusted risks of stroke, hypertension and IHD were mostly high in districts in the South-Eastern parts of the country, while that of dyslipidaemia, was high in Central and top North-Eastern corridor of the country.ConclusionsThe study has confirmed common modifiable risk factors of two cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), namely, ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke; and two major risk conditions for CVD, namely, hypertension and dyslipidaemia. Accordingly, an integrated intervention approach addressing cardiovascular diseases and associated risk factors and conditions would be more cost effective and provide stronger impacts than individual tailored interventions only. Findings of excess district-level variations in the CVDs and their risk factor profiles might be useful for developing effective public health policies and interventions aimed at reducing behavioural risk factors including harmful use of alcohol, physical inactivity and high salt intake.

This dataset provides detailed information on the generation of general and hazardous waste across South Africa’s provinces from 2001 to 2024. The data includes waste tonnage and the number of facilities involved in waste management activities in each province. The dataset can be used for environmental research, waste management analysis, and policy-making to better understand trends in waste generation and its impact on sustainability efforts in South Africa.

Key Features:

Data on general and hazardous waste by province Information about the number of facilities per province Covers a wide range of years from 2001 to 2024 Data Source: The data has been sourced from the South African Waste Information Centre (SAWIC), which collects and publishes waste-related statistics across the country.

We produced actionable data on heat stress in cities to inform analysis and client dialogue on the part of World Bank teams. We applied an urban-scale climate modeling framework to generate datasets describing modeled heat stress exposure for present-day and future conditions under selected climate scenarios. This dataset serves as a supplement to the previous two datasets: https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.11085333 and https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.11073297. It contains an extra indicator Heat Index (HI) based on the apparent temperature (AT) for 12 cities in west Africa.

More details about the dataset:

• The dataset includes calculations for HI across three scenarios (present, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0) and three twenty-year periods (2001-2020, 2031-2050, and 2051-2070). The present period refers to 2001-2020, while the other two periods correspond to the two SSP scenarios.
• The indicator is available in both NetCDF and GeoTiff formats. It is named as HIAT in the file name with extra information such as scenario, resolution, projection, etc.
• The indicator is calculated at a resolution from 100 m to 200 m (depending on the size of the city). Additionally, downscaled versions of the indicator is provided at a resolution of 30 m.
• The Heat Index is calculated as the yearly average number of days when apparent temperature reaches 105 F. More information regarding the definition and calculation of HI can be found: Rohat, G., Flacke, J., Dosio, A., Dao, H., & Van Maarseveen, M. (2019). Projections of human exposure to dangerous heat in African cities under multiple socioeconomic and climate scenarios. Earth's Future, 7(5), 528-546.
• Images for quick viewing in png format are available.
• The indicators in NetCDF and GeoTiff format as well as the visualized PNG files can be found in the {city}_HIAT.zip (for the cities with future projection) or {city}_present_HIAT.zip (for those cities without future projection).
• More information about other indicators, including the simulation, methodology, all available data list, contact information, etc. can be found in the other two datasets.

Middle East & Africa & Africa Hazardous Waste Handling Automation comes with extensive industry analysis of development components, patterns, flows, and sizes. The report calculates present and past market values to forecast potential market management during the forecast period between 2025 - 2033.

The Middle East & Africa Hazardous Location Motor Starters market report offers a thorough competitive analysis, mapping key players’ strategies, market share, and business models. It provides insights into competitor dynamics, helping companies align their strategies with the current market landscape and future trends.

Bamako Convention on the Ban of the Import into Africa and the Control of Transboundary Movement and Management of Hazardous Wastes within Africa

This statistic shows the most dangerous destinations worldwide in 2015. During the survey, 15 percent of respondents said they thought Africa was the most dangerous travel destination in the world.

The size of the Middle East and Africa Food Safety Testing Market was valued at USD XX Million in 2023 and is projected to reach USD XXX Million by 2032, with an expected CAGR of 5.62% during the forecast period. Food safety testing is a critical process that ensures the safety and quality of food products for consumption. It involves analyzing food samples for contaminants such as pathogens (bacteria, viruses, parasites), chemical residues, toxins, and allergens that may pose health risks to consumers. The primary objective is to identify any harmful substances that could lead to foodborne illnesses or long-term health issues. Testing is performed throughout various stages of the food supply chain, from raw materials to final products, ensuring compliance with regulatory standards and guidelines. Methods such as microbiological analysis, chemical analysis, and allergen detection are commonly used. Microbiological testing, for instance, targets harmful organisms like Salmonella, Listeria, and E. coli, which are leading causes of foodborne diseases. Chemical testing, on the other hand, detects pesticide residues, heavy metals, and other contaminants that may have infiltrated the food during cultivation or processing. Allergen testing is essential for identifying traces of common allergens like peanuts, gluten, or dairy, which are dangerous to sensitive individuals. The growing complexity of food production, globalization of the food supply, and consumer demand for safer food have heightened the importance of food safety testing. Regulatory bodies such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) impose strict safety standards to protect public health. Recent developments include: In June 2022, Eurofins Scientific partnered with the owners of Saudi Ajal to successfully complete the acquisition of a majority investment in the business in Ajal for Laboratories, a food testing laboratory based in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Ajal for Laboratories is a leading food and pharmaceutical testing laboratory in the KSA and the Gulf Cooperation Council area., In March 2022, Mérieux NutriSciences South Africa expanded its testing & advisory operations in Southern Africa with the acquisition of Hortec (Pty) Ltd, a key player in pesticide residue testing and consulting. Mérieux NutriSciences' acquisition of Hortec offers its customers a full range of services at every point in the value chain, from farm to fork, and meets food safety goals., In February 2022, an additional 836 Sharjah-based food outlets joined the Sharjah Food Safety Program (SFSP), increasing the overall number of these facilities to 6,091 since the program's launch in 2011. The goal of the SFSP is to assure the application of optimal health practices in food production, preparation, presentation, and distribution in order to keep customers safe and well-nourished throughout the Covid-19 pandemic and to ensure the food industry's viability.. Key drivers for this market are: Growing Demand for Convenience and Processed Foods Drives Demand, Expanding Cosmetic and Personal Care Industries Utilize Gelatin for Various Purposes. Potential restraints include: Fluctuations in Raw Material Proces Affecting Production Costs. Notable trends are: Consumer Interest in Food Safety Testing and Quality is Growing.