Block and block area-related allocation of predominant building age classes (decades) of residential buildings at the level of the base map 1: 5,000 (ISU5, spatial reference environmental atlas 2010).

Population age distribution in Europe. Map type: Charts. Spatial extent: Europe. Times: 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010, 2015, 2020. Distinction: 10-year class, 5-year class

Old-age-dependency ratio per 100 personsThis indicator is the ratio between the number of persons aged 65 and over (age when they are generally economically inactive) and the number of persons aged between 15 and 64. The value is expressed per 100 persons of working age (15-64).This data was downloaded on 24th July from here: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-datasets/-/tsdde510and joined to a country shapefile from NaturalEarth. Data for smaller countries e.g Monaco, Vatican City is not available.

We present a forest management map for Europe. Forest is classified in 5 distinct forest management classes: primary forest, nature management, multifunctional management, intensive forestry and plantations. Data on disturbance size, disturbance frequency, age, evenness, plantation species and primary forest is used to classify forest. The word document describes the procedure and provides a link to the data and scripts.

Viabundus.eu is a freely accessible online street map of late medieval and early modern northern Europe (1350-1650). Originally conceived as the digitisation of Friedrich Bruns and Hugo Weczerka's Hansische Handelsstraßen (1962) atlas of land roads in the Hanseatic area, the Viabundus map moves beyond that. It includes among others: a database with information about settlements, towns, tolls, staple markets and other information relevant for the pre-modern traveller; a route calculator; a calendar of fairs; and additional land routes as well as water ways.

Viabundus is a work in progress. Version 1.1, released on 6 December 2021, contains a rough digitisation of the land routes from Hansische Handelsstraßen, as well as a thoroughly researched road network for the current-day Netherlands, Denmark and the German states of Lower Saxony, Schleswig-Holstein, Thuringia and Saxony-Anhalt. The roads in the German states Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and Brandenburg, as well as the part of the former Duchy of Pomerania now in Poland, have been corrected for historical accuracy. The inclusion of other regions is currently being planned. Additions to the dataset will be released as new versions in the future.

The project's homepage viabundus.eu contains a web map application to explore the data. To allow for more advanced spatial and historical analyses, the underlying dataset is available for download under the CC-BY-SA license.

The dataset is designed as a network model and therefore consists of two main elements: 1) a relational database of nodes, i.e. geographical places, with historical information about settlements, towns, tolls, staple markets, fairs, bridges, ferries, harbours and shipping locks; 2) a database with edges, i.e. the geospatial representations of the land and water routes that connected these nodes. The entire database is available in CSV format (with geospatial geometry as WKT); the edges and the outlines of towns in the 16th century are also separately available as geojson and GML files. For more information about the structure of the dataset, theoretical considerations and sources, please consult the enclosed documentation file.

Pre-Quaternary -ageThis web map service shows the chronostratigraphic age of geological units of the seafloor originated earlier than 2,588 Ma from now (pre-Quaternary). International Geological Map of Europe and Adjacent Areas (Asch, 2005). The scale varies between 25,000 and 5 000 000.The data were compiled by BGR from the EMODnet geology partner organisations in the EMODnet Geology project phases I, II and III between 2009 and 2019. Pre-Quaternary -lithologyThis web map service shows the rock type (lithology) of geological units of the seafloor originated earlier than 2,588 Ma from now (pre-Quaternary). International Geological Map of Europe and Adjacent Areas (Asch, 2005). The scale varies between 25 000 and 5 000 000.The data were compiled by BGR from the EMODnet geology partner organisations in the EMODnet Geology project phases I, II and III between 2009 and 2019. The scale varies between 25 000 and 5 000 000.

Map is created on the basis of regional geological maps and the results of the state geological mapping (scale 1: 200 000)

The 1:500,000 Geological Map of Iceland was re published in 1998 by the Institute of Icelandic Natural history. This map broadly outlines the bedrock geology of Iceland. Bedrock is classified on the basis of its age, type and composition. Postglacial lavas are divided into prehistoric and historic lavas.

The 1:5 Million International Geological Map of Europe and Adjacent Areas shows the pre-Quaternary geology of Europe onshore and offshore. In addition to the geology attributed by age, petrography and genesis, also magnetic anomalies, tectonic structures, metamorphism and – in the offshore areas – information about the continental/oceanic crust and the continental margin, are shown. The map was developed by BGR under the umbrella of the Commission of the Geological Map of the World (CGMW) and in cooperation with geological surveys organisations of 48 countries and more than 20 research institutes. For detailed information about the 'IGME 5000: More than just a map – A multinational GIS Project' please visit the IGME website.

geological map of Europe at 1:5000000 which can be queryed to give age rock type and some other details

Website:

https://geoviewer.bgr.de/mapapps/resources/apps/geoviewer/index.html?lang=de&tab=geologie&cover=geologie_igme5000_ags

Bedrock is the solid rock at or below the land surface. Over much of Ireland, the bedrock is covered by materials such as soil and gravel. The Bedrock map shows what the land surface of Ireland would be made up of if these materials were removed. As the bedrock is commonly covered, bedrock maps are an interpretation of the available data. Geologists map and record information on the composition and structure of rock outcrops (rock which can be seen on the land surface) and boreholes (a deep narrow round hole drilled in the ground). Areas are drawn on a map to show the distribution of rocks. Faults are vital information that is needed alongside bedrock geology maps to provide information on the structure of rocks.The faults show the details of the structural geology. Faults are the result of great pressure being applied to rock across a whole continent or more. These rocks will break under the pressure, forming faults. Faults are recorded as lines where the break in the rock meets the surface.In terms of time scale in geology, Quaternary is the present-day time and it began 2.6 million years ago. A lot of this time period relates to the Ice Age.Quaternary sediments are the soft material that has been deposited during this time. In Ireland much of this is related to the movement of glaciers and ice sheets. The main types of sediments shown on the map are tills (boulder clays), gravels, sands and peat. Over most parts of Ireland, these sediments cover the bedrock (solid rock at or below the land surface). Geologists map and record information from the shallow sediments which can be seen at or near the surface. This information along with boreholes (a deep narrow round hole drilled in the ground), geophysical data (information on the physical properties of the Earth's surface and subsurface e.g. magnetics, gravity and electromagnetics) and geochemical data (chemical properties) is used to create the map. Areas are drawn on a map to show where sediments are found. OneGeology-Europe is an EU project which aims to make geological data held by the geological surveys of Europe more easily discoverable and accessible via the internet. It also aims to standardise and harmonise the data in order to create an EU map. “Geology” within OneGeology-Europe is defined as "composition (lithology/geochronology) and structure of the surface geology”. Surface geology = geology that would be visible if the overlaying soil were removed, in other words: the Quaternary/superficial geology plus the exposed bedrock.Lithology refers to the rock type. Geochronology refers to the age of the rock.The Bedrock geology is defined as pre-Quaternary geology.To produce this dataset, the Geological Survey Ireland (GSI) bedrock geology 1:500,000 and 1:100,000 maps were generalised. Standardised EU field names and codelists were used and the GSI data was mapped to the specifications.This map is to the scale 1:1,000,000. This means it should be viewed at that scale. When printed at that scale 1cm on the map relates to a distance of 10km.It is a vector dataset. Vector data portray the world using points, lines, and polygons (areas).The bedrock data is shown as polygons. Each polygon holds information on the GeologicUnit name, description, type, age, Observation Method, position accuracy, Event Environment, Event Process, Lithology, Younger and Older ages. Some values refer to defined values in the Commission for the Management and Application of Geoscience Information (CGI) vocabularies.The surface data is shown as polygons. Each polygon holds information on the GeologicUnit name, description, type, age, Observation Method, position accuracy, Event Environment, Event Process, Lithology, Younger and Older ages. Some values refer to defined values in the Commission for the Management and Application of Geoscience Information (CGI) vocabularies.The structural data is shown as lines. Each line holds information on the GeologicUnit name, fault type, Observation Method, position accuracy, Contact purpose and sampling frame. Some values refer to defined values in the Commission for the Management and Application of Geoscience Information (CGI) vocabularies.

This digitally compiled map includes geology, geologic provinces, and oil and gas fields of Europe including Turkey. The maps are part of a worldwide series of maps on CD-ROM released by the U.S. Geological Survey's World Energy Project. The goal of the project is to assess the undiscovered, technically recoverable oil and gas resources of the world. For data management purposes the world was divided into eight energy regions corresponding approximately to the economic regions of of the world as defined by the U.S. Department of State. Europe (Region 4) includes Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Malta, Monaco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, San Marino, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom and Vatican. The depicted portion of Region 2 includes Turkey. Each region is divided into geologic provinces. Each province has a set of geologic characteristics that distinguish it from surrounding provinces. These characteristics may include the predominant lithologies, the age of the strata, and the structural style. Some provinces include multiple genetically-related basins. Geologic province boundaries are delineated using data from a number of geologic maps and other tectonic and geographic data (see References). Offshore province boundaries are defined by the 2000 meter bathymetric contour. Each province is assigned a unique number. Because geologic trends are independent of political boundaries, some provinces overlap two regions. The code of those provinces that lie entirely within Europe begin with the number 4 and those provinces that lie entirely within Turkey begin with the number 2. The code of those provinces that lie partly within another region may start with a 1, for the Former Soviet Union (Persits and others 1998) or a 2, for Middle East and North Africa (Pollastro , 1998; Persits and others, 1997). The centerpoint locations of oil and gas fields are plotted based on the locations in the Petroconsultants International Data Corp. (1996) database with permission. Selected provinces are currently being investigated, by Total Petroleum System analysis, and assessments are being made of the undiscovered oil and gas resource potential of these provinces. Klett and others (1997) discuss the worldwide geologic provinces and their relative ranking in terms of total known petroleum volume. Specific details of the data sources and map compilation are given in the metadata files on this CD-ROM. Some stratigraphic units are combined to simplify the map and to ensure consistency across the region. All rocks are colored by age. Igneous and metamorphic rocks are identified with fill patterns and colors. These maps are compiled using Environmental Systems Research Institute Inc. (ESRI) ARC/INFO software. Political boundaries and cartographic representations on this map are taken, with permission from ESRI's ArcWorld 1:3M digital coverage; they have no political significance and are displayed as general reference only. Portions of this database covering the coastline and country boundaries contain intellectual property of ESRI. (© 1992 and 1996, Environmental Systems Research Institute Inc. All rights reserved.)

The "Geological Map of Germany 1:1,000,000 OneGeology-Europe (GK1000-1GE)" shows Germany's surface geology: All geological units are described by their age (stratigraphy) and composition (lithology). The geological units and terms used in this map were semantically harmonized within the OneGeology-Europe project and have been - in a number of regions - geometrically and semantically made consistent with the neighbouring OneGeology-Europe participants. This layer displays the harmonized surface age of geologic units in Germany according to INSPIRE requirements.

Viabundus.eu is a freely accessible online street map of late medieval and early modern northern Europe (1350-1650). Originally conceived as the digitisation of Friedrich Bruns and Hugo Weczerka's Hansische Handelsstraßen (1962) atlas of land roads in the Hanseatic area, the Viabundus map moves beyond that. It includes among others: a database with information about settlements, towns, tolls, staple markets and other information relevant for the pre-modern traveller; a route calculator; a calendar of fairs; and additional land routes as well as water ways.

Viabundus is a work in progress. Version 1.3, released on 17 March 2024, contains a rough digitisation of the land routes from Hansische Handelsstraßen, as well as a thoroughly researched road network for the current-day Netherlands, Denmark, the German states of Lower Saxony, Schleswig-Holstein, Thuringia, Saxony-Anhalt, Brandenburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Hesse and North Rhine-Westfalia, and parts of Poland (Pomerania, Royal Prussia, Greater Poland). The inclusion of other regions is currently being planned. Additions to the dataset will be released as new versions in the future.

The project's homepage viabundus.eu contains a web map application to explore the data. To allow for more advanced spatial and historical analyses, the underlying dataset is available for download under the CC-BY-SA license.

The dataset is designed as a network model and therefore consists of two main elements: 1) a relational database of nodes, i.e. geographical places, with historical information about settlements, towns, tolls, staple markets, fairs, bridges, ferries, harbours and shipping locks; 2) a database with edges, i.e. the geospatial representations of the land and water routes that connected these nodes. The entire database is available in CSV format (with geospatial geometry as WKT); the edges and the outlines of towns in the 16th century are also separately available as geojson and GML files. For more information about the structure of the dataset, theoretical considerations and sources, please consult the enclosed documentation file.

This coverage includes arcs, polygons, and polygon labels that describe the generalized geologic age of surface outcrops of bedrock of Europe including Turkey (Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Malta, Monaco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, San Marino, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom and Vatican City.) It also includes shorelines and inland water bodies.

The International Geological Map of Europe on a scale of 1:5,000,000 shows the prequarter geology of Europe on the mainland and in the marine areas. In addition to geology, divided by age and rock type, magnetic anomalies, tectonic structures, the continental edge, metamorphoses and — in the marine areas — crust properties are also shown. The map was created under the direction of the BGR and the patronage of the World Map Commission (CGMW) with contributions from 48 European geological services and more than 20 scientific institutions. Detailed information on the "IGME 5000: More than just a map — A multinational GIS Project" can be found on the IGME website. According to the INSPIRE Directive, this database includes the German share.

This digitally compiled map includes geology, oil and gas fields, and geologic provinces of Europe. The oil and gas map is part of a worldwide series released on CD-ROM by the World Energy Project of the U.S. Geological Survey. For data management purposes the world is divided into eight energy regions corresponding approximately to the economic regions of the world as defined by the U.S. Department of State. Europe (Region 4) including Turkey (Region 2) includes Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Malta, Monaco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, San Marino, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vatican City, Faroe Islands, Gibraltar, Guernsey, Jersey, Isle of Man, Svalbard

The population of Italy is getting older every year, becoming one of the oldest ones in the world. In 2025, the average age of the Italian population was 46.8 years, 3.4 years more than the average age registered in 2010. However, the age differs significantly depending on the region. According to the most recent data for 2025, the “oldest” citizens of the Italian peninsula live in the region of Liguria, with an average age 49.6 years, whereas the youngest are in Campania, 44.5 years on average. Women live longer than men The difference in the average age of the population can be observed not only on a regional basis, but also between genders. In 2021, Italian women were on average roughly three years older than men. When it comes to the life expectancy, data confirm the longevity of Italian women. In fact, females in Italy are expected to live on average about four years longer than men. The Old Continent In 2024, Europe was the continent with the highest share of population older than 65 years. Whereas the worldwide percentage of the population over 65 years was of ten percent, the percentage of elderly people in the Old Continent reached 20 percent.

The map series General Geological Map of the Federal Republic of Germany 1:200,000 (GÜK200) is the result of cooperation between the State Geological Surveys of the Federal Republic of Germany (SGD), the Geological Surveys of neighbouring countries and the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR). The GÜK200 displays the surface geology of Germany and adjacent areas of neighbouring countries on 55 map sheets. The map sheets show the regional dissemination of more than 3800 geological units. The geological units contain information on stratigraphy (age), genesis and petrography (composition) of the rocks. Each printed/scanned map sheet contains one or several geological cross-sections which give an insight into the subsurface. The digital data of the map series are stored separately for each map sheet. According to this geological units/polygons, their boundaries, tectonic linear elements and, if present, ice sheet boundaries are saved as a discrete layer in a shapefile for the single map sheets. The attributes of the geological units contain information – like in the printed map sheets – on stratigraphy, genesis and petrography of the rocks.

The geological map of pre-Quaternary deposits, at 1:500 000 scale, covers the national terrestrial area, the Gulf of Riga and the Baltic Sea within Latvia’s territorial waters. The geological map and descriptions include information on the distribution, composition, depositional conditions, and age of the pre-Quartenary deposits. The map is available in digital formats (*.shp and *.lyr), with a total size of 3.54 MB. Data sets consist of 4 – 7 files (containing essential data, coordinate references, and visual representation).