100+ datasets found
  1. i

    Demographic and Health Survey 1998 - Ghana

    • catalog.ihsn.org
    • datacatalog.ihsn.org
    • +2more
    Updated Jul 6, 2017
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    Ghana Statistical Service (GSS) (2017). Demographic and Health Survey 1998 - Ghana [Dataset]. https://catalog.ihsn.org/catalog/50
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    Dataset updated
    Jul 6, 2017
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Ghana Statistical Service (GSS)
    Time period covered
    1998 - 1999
    Area covered
    Ghana
    Description

    Abstract

    The 1998 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS) is the latest in a series of national-level population and health surveys conducted in Ghana and it is part of the worldwide MEASURE DHS+ Project, designed to collect data on fertility, family planning, and maternal and child health.

    The primary objective of the 1998 GDHS is to provide current and reliable data on fertility and family planning behaviour, child mortality, children’s nutritional status, and the utilisation of maternal and child health services in Ghana. Additional data on knowledge of HIV/AIDS are also provided. This information is essential for informed policy decisions, planning and monitoring and evaluation of programmes at both the national and local government levels.

    The long-term objectives of the survey include strengthening the technical capacity of the Ghana Statistical Service (GSS) to plan, conduct, process, and analyse the results of complex national sample surveys. Moreover, the 1998 GDHS provides comparable data for long-term trend analyses within Ghana, since it is the third in a series of demographic and health surveys implemented by the same organisation, using similar data collection procedures. The GDHS also contributes to the ever-growing international database on demographic and health-related variables.

    Geographic coverage

    National

    Analysis unit

    • Household
    • Children under five years
    • Women age 15-49
    • Men age 15-59

    Kind of data

    Sample survey data

    Sampling procedure

    The major focus of the 1998 GDHS was to provide updated estimates of important population and health indicators including fertility and mortality rates for the country as a whole and for urban and rural areas separately. In addition, the sample was designed to provide estimates of key variables for the ten regions in the country.

    The list of Enumeration Areas (EAs) with population and household information from the 1984 Population Census was used as the sampling frame for the survey. The 1998 GDHS is based on a two-stage stratified nationally representative sample of households. At the first stage of sampling, 400 EAs were selected using systematic sampling with probability proportional to size (PPS-Method). The selected EAs comprised 138 in the urban areas and 262 in the rural areas. A complete household listing operation was then carried out in all the selected EAs to provide a sampling frame for the second stage selection of households. At the second stage of sampling, a systematic sample of 15 households per EA was selected in all regions, except in the Northern, Upper West and Upper East Regions. In order to obtain adequate numbers of households to provide reliable estimates of key demographic and health variables in these three regions, the number of households in each selected EA in the Northern, Upper West and Upper East regions was increased to 20. The sample was weighted to adjust for over sampling in the three northern regions (Northern, Upper East and Upper West), in relation to the other regions. Sample weights were used to compensate for the unequal probability of selection between geographically defined strata.

    The survey was designed to obtain completed interviews of 4,500 women age 15-49. In addition, all males age 15-59 in every third selected household were interviewed, to obtain a target of 1,500 men. In order to take cognisance of non-response, a total of 6,375 households nation-wide were selected.

    Note: See detailed description of sample design in APPENDIX A of the survey report.

    Mode of data collection

    Face-to-face

    Research instrument

    Three types of questionnaires were used in the GDHS: the Household Questionnaire, the Women’s Questionnaire, and the Men’s Questionnaire. These questionnaires were based on model survey instruments developed for the international MEASURE DHS+ programme and were designed to provide information needed by health and family planning programme managers and policy makers. The questionnaires were adapted to the situation in Ghana and a number of questions pertaining to on-going health and family planning programmes were added. These questionnaires were developed in English and translated into five major local languages (Akan, Ga, Ewe, Hausa, and Dagbani).

    The Household Questionnaire was used to enumerate all usual members and visitors in a selected household and to collect information on the socio-economic status of the household. The first part of the Household Questionnaire collected information on the relationship to the household head, residence, sex, age, marital status, and education of each usual resident or visitor. This information was used to identify women and men who were eligible for the individual interview. For this purpose, all women age 15-49, and all men age 15-59 in every third household, whether usual residents of a selected household or visitors who slept in a selected household the night before the interview, were deemed eligible and interviewed. The Household Questionnaire also provides basic demographic data for Ghanaian households. The second part of the Household Questionnaire contained questions on the dwelling unit, such as the number of rooms, the flooring material, the source of water and the type of toilet facilities, and on the ownership of a variety of consumer goods.

    The Women’s Questionnaire was used to collect information on the following topics: respondent’s background characteristics, reproductive history, contraceptive knowledge and use, antenatal, delivery and postnatal care, infant feeding practices, child immunisation and health, marriage, fertility preferences and attitudes about family planning, husband’s background characteristics, women’s work, knowledge of HIV/AIDS and STDs, as well as anthropometric measurements of children and mothers.

    The Men’s Questionnaire collected information on respondent’s background characteristics, reproduction, contraceptive knowledge and use, marriage, fertility preferences and attitudes about family planning, as well as knowledge of HIV/AIDS and STDs.

    Response rate

    A total of 6,375 households were selected for the GDHS sample. Of these, 6,055 were occupied. Interviews were completed for 6,003 households, which represent 99 percent of the occupied households. A total of 4,970 eligible women from these households and 1,596 eligible men from every third household were identified for the individual interviews. Interviews were successfully completed for 4,843 women or 97 percent and 1,546 men or 97 percent. The principal reason for nonresponse among individual women and men was the failure of interviewers to find them at home despite repeated callbacks.

    Note: See summarized response rates by place of residence in Table 1.1 of the survey report.

    Sampling error estimates

    The estimates from a sample survey are affected by two types of errors: (1) nonsampling errors, and (2) sampling errors. Nonsampling errors are the results of shortfalls made in implementing data collection and data processing, such as failure to locate and interview the correct household, misunderstanding of the questions on the part of either the interviewer or the respondent, and data entry errors. Although numerous efforts were made during the implementation of the 1998 GDHS to minimize this type of error, nonsampling errors are impossible to avoid and difficult to evaluate statistically.

    Sampling errors, on the other hand, can be evaluated statistically. The sample of respondents selected in the 1998 GDHS is only one of many samples that could have been selected from the same population, using the same design and expected size. Each of these samples would yield results that differ somewhat from the results of the actual sample selected. Sampling errors are a measure of the variability between all possible samples. Although the degree of variability is not known exactly, it can be estimated from the survey results.

    A sampling error is usually measured in terms of the standard error for a particular statistic (mean, percentage, etc.), which is the square root of the variance. The standard error can be used to calculate confidence intervals within which the true value for the population can reasonably be assumed to fall. For example, for any given statistic calculated from a sample survey, the value of that statistic will fall within a range of plus or minus two times the standard error of that statistic in 95 percent of all possible samples of identical size and design.

    If the sample of respondents had been selected as a simple random sample, it would have been possible to use straightforward formulas for calculating sampling errors. However, the 1998 GDHS sample is the result of a two-stage stratified design, and, consequently, it was necessary to use more complex formulae. The computer software used to calculate sampling errors for the 1998 GDHS is the ISSA Sampling Error Module. This module uses the Taylor linearization method of variance estimation for survey estimates that are means or proportions. The Jackknife repeated replication method is used for variance estimation of more complex statistics such as fertility and mortality rates.

    Data appraisal

    Data Quality Tables - Household age distribution - Age distribution of eligible and interviewed women - Age distribution of eligible and interviewed men - Completeness of reporting - Births by calendar years - Reporting of age at death in days - Reporting of age at death in months

    Note: See detailed tables in APPENDIX C of the survey report.

  2. u

    Population and Family Health Survey 2012 - Jordan

    • microdata.unhcr.org
    • catalog.ihsn.org
    • +2more
    Updated May 19, 2021
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    Department of Statistics (DoS) (2021). Population and Family Health Survey 2012 - Jordan [Dataset]. https://microdata.unhcr.org/index.php/catalog/405
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    Dataset updated
    May 19, 2021
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Department of Statistics (DoS)
    Time period covered
    2012
    Area covered
    Jordan
    Description

    Abstract

    The Jordan Population and Family Health Survey (JPFHS) is part of the worldwide Demographic and Health Surveys Program, which is designed to collect data on fertility, family planning, and maternal and child health.

    The primary objective of the 2012 Jordan Population and Family Health Survey (JPFHS) is to provide reliable estimates of demographic parameters, such as fertility, mortality, family planning, and fertility preferences, as well as maternal and child health and nutrition, that can be used by program managers and policymakers to evaluate and improve existing programs. The JPFHS data will be useful to researchers and scholars interested in analyzing demographic trends in Jordan, as well as those conducting comparative, regional, or cross-national studies.

    Geographic coverage

    National coverage

    Analysis unit

    • Household
    • Women age 15-49

    Kind of data

    Sample survey data [ssd]

    Sampling procedure

    Sample Design The 2012 JPFHS sample was designed to produce reliable estimates of major survey variables for the country as a whole, urban and rural areas, each of the 12 governorates, and for the two special domains: the Badia areas and people living in refugee camps. To facilitate comparisons with previous surveys, the sample was also designed to produce estimates for the three regions (North, Central, and South). The grouping of the governorates into regions is as follows: the North consists of Irbid, Jarash, Ajloun, and Mafraq governorates; the Central region consists of Amman, Madaba, Balqa, and Zarqa governorates; and the South region consists of Karak, Tafiela, Ma'an, and Aqaba governorates.

    The 2012 JPFHS sample was selected from the 2004 Jordan Population and Housing Census sampling frame. The frame excludes the population living in remote areas (most of whom are nomads), as well as those living in collective housing units such as hotels, hospitals, work camps, prisons, and the like. For the 2004 census, the country was subdivided into convenient area units called census blocks. For the purposes of the household surveys, the census blocks were regrouped to form a general statistical unit of moderate size (30 households or more), called a "cluster", which is widely used in surveys as a primary sampling unit (PSU).

    Stratification was achieved by first separating each governorate into urban and rural areas and then, within each urban and rural area, by Badia areas, refugee camps, and other. A two-stage sampling procedure was employed. In the first stage, 806 clusters were selected with probability proportional to the cluster size, that is, the number of residential households counted in the 2004 census. A household listing operation was then carried out in all of the selected clusters, and the resulting lists of households served as the sampling frame for the selection of households in the second stage. In the second stage of selection, a fixed number of 20 households was selected in each cluster with an equal probability systematic selection. A subsample of two-thirds of the selected households was identified for anthropometry measurements.

    Refer to Appendix A in the final report (Jordan Population and Family Health Survey 2012) for details of sampling weights calculation.

    Mode of data collection

    Face-to-face [f2f]

    Research instrument

    The 2012 JPFHS used two questionnaires, namely the Household Questionnaire and the Woman’s Questionnaire (see Appendix D). The Household Questionnaire was used to list all usual members of the sampled households, and visitors who slept in the household the night before the interview, and to obtain information on each household member’s age, sex, educational attainment, relationship to the head of the household, and marital status. In addition, questions were included on the socioeconomic characteristics of the household, such as source of water, sanitation facilities, and the availability of durable goods. Moreover, the questionnaire included questions about child discipline. The Household Questionnaire was also used to identify women who were eligible for the individual interview (ever-married women age 15-49 years). In addition, all women age 15-49 and children under age 5 living in the subsample of households were eligible for height and weight measurement and anemia testing.

    The Woman’s Questionnaire was administered to ever-married women age 15-49 and collected information on the following topics: • Respondent’s background characteristics • Birth history • Knowledge, attitudes, and practice of family planning and exposure to family planning messages • Maternal health (antenatal, delivery, and postnatal care) • Immunization and health of children under age 5 • Breastfeeding and infant feeding practices • Marriage and husband’s background characteristics • Fertility preferences • Respondent’s employment • Knowledge of AIDS and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) • Other health issues specific to women • Early childhood development • Domestic violence

    In addition, information on births, pregnancies, and contraceptive use and discontinuation during the five years prior to the survey was collected using a monthly calendar.

    The Household and Woman’s Questionnaires were based on the model questionnaires developed by the MEASURE DHS program. Additions and modifications to the model questionnaires were made in order to provide detailed information specific to Jordan. The questionnaires were then translated into Arabic.

    Anthropometric data were collected during the 2012 JPFHS in a subsample of two-thirds of the selected households in each cluster. All women age 15-49 and children age 0-4 in these households were measured for height using Shorr height boards and for weight using electronic Seca scales. In addition, a drop of capillary blood was taken from these women and children in the field to measure their hemoglobin level using the HemoCue system. Hemoglobin testing was used to estimate the prevalence of anemia.

    Cleaning operations

    Fieldwork and data processing activities overlapped. Data processing began two weeks after the start of the fieldwork. After field editing of questionnaires for completeness and consistency, the questionnaires for each cluster were packaged together and sent to the central office in Amman, where they were registered and stored. Special teams were formed to carry out office editing and coding of the openended questions.

    Data entry and verification started after two weeks of office data processing. The process of data entry, including 100 percent reentry, editing, and cleaning, was done by using PCs and the CSPro (Census and Survey Processing) computer package, developed specially for such surveys. The CSPro program allows data to be edited while being entered. Data processing operations were completed by early January 2013. A data processing specialist from ICF International made a trip to Jordan in February 2013 to follow up on data editing and cleaning and to work on the tabulation of results for the survey preliminary report, which was published in March 2013. The tabulations for this report were completed in April 2013.

    Response rate

    In all, 16,120 households were selected for the survey and, of these, 15,722 were found to be occupied households. Of these households, 15,190 (97 percent) were successfully interviewed.

    In the households interviewed, 11,673 ever-married women age 15-49 were identified and interviews were completed with 11,352 women, or 97 percent of all eligible women.

    Sampling error estimates

    The estimates from a sample survey are affected by two types of errors: (1) nonsampling errors and (2) sampling errors. Nonsampling errors are the results of mistakes made in implementing data collection and data processing, such as failure to locate and interview the correct household, misunderstanding of the questions on the part of either the interviewer or the respondent, and data entry errors. Although numerous efforts were made during the implementation of the 2012 Jordan Population and Family Health Survey (JPFHS) to minimize this type of error, nonsampling errors are impossible to avoid and difficult to evaluate statistically.

    Sampling errors, on the other hand, can be evaluated statistically. The sample of respondents selected in the 2012 JPFHS is only one of many samples that could have been selected from the same population, using the same design and identical size. Each of these samples would yield results that differ somewhat from the results of the actual sample selected. Sampling error is a measure of the variability between all possible samples. Although the degree of variability is not known exactly, it can be estimated from the survey results.

    A sampling error is usually measured in terms of the standard error for a particular statistic (mean, percentage, etc.), which is the square root of the variance. The standard error can be used to calculate confidence intervals within which the true value for the population can reasonably be assumed to fall. For example, for any given statistic calculated from a sample survey, the value of that statistic will fall within a range of plus or minus two times the standard error of that statistic in 95 percent of all possible samples of identical size and design.

    If the sample of respondents had been selected as a simple random sample, it would have been possible to use straightforward formulas for calculating sampling errors. However, the 2012 JPFHS sample is the result of a multistage stratified design, and, consequently, it was necessary to use more complex formulae. The computer

  3. N

    New Point, IN Population Breakdown by Gender and Age Dataset: Male and...

    • neilsberg.com
    csv, json
    Updated Feb 24, 2025
    + more versions
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    Neilsberg Research (2025). New Point, IN Population Breakdown by Gender and Age Dataset: Male and Female Population Distribution Across 18 Age Groups // 2025 Edition [Dataset]. https://www.neilsberg.com/insights/new-point-in-population-by-gender/
    Explore at:
    csv, jsonAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Feb 24, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Neilsberg Research
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Area covered
    IN, New Point
    Variables measured
    Male and Female Population Under 5 Years, Male and Female Population over 85 years, Male and Female Population Between 5 and 9 years, Male and Female Population Between 10 and 14 years, Male and Female Population Between 15 and 19 years, Male and Female Population Between 20 and 24 years, Male and Female Population Between 25 and 29 years, Male and Female Population Between 30 and 34 years, Male and Female Population Between 35 and 39 years, Male and Female Population Between 40 and 44 years, and 8 more
    Measurement technique
    The data presented in this dataset is derived from the latest U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates. To measure the three variables, namely (a) Population (Male), (b) Population (Female), and (c) Gender Ratio (Males per 100 Females), we initially analyzed and categorized the data for each of the gender classifications (biological sex) reported by the US Census Bureau across 18 age groups, ranging from under 5 years to 85 years and above. These age groups are described above in the variables section. For further information regarding these estimates, please feel free to reach out to us via email at research@neilsberg.com.
    Dataset funded by
    Neilsberg Research
    Description
    About this dataset

    Context

    The dataset tabulates the population of New Point by gender across 18 age groups. It lists the male and female population in each age group along with the gender ratio for New Point. The dataset can be utilized to understand the population distribution of New Point by gender and age. For example, using this dataset, we can identify the largest age group for both Men and Women in New Point. Additionally, it can be used to see how the gender ratio changes from birth to senior most age group and male to female ratio across each age group for New Point.

    Key observations

    Largest age group (population): Male # 60-64 years (26) | Female # 40-44 years (16). Source: U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

    Content

    When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

    Age groups:

    • Under 5 years
    • 5 to 9 years
    • 10 to 14 years
    • 15 to 19 years
    • 20 to 24 years
    • 25 to 29 years
    • 30 to 34 years
    • 35 to 39 years
    • 40 to 44 years
    • 45 to 49 years
    • 50 to 54 years
    • 55 to 59 years
    • 60 to 64 years
    • 65 to 69 years
    • 70 to 74 years
    • 75 to 79 years
    • 80 to 84 years
    • 85 years and over

    Scope of gender :

    Please note that American Community Survey asks a question about the respondents current sex, but not about gender, sexual orientation, or sex at birth. The question is intended to capture data for biological sex, not gender. Respondents are supposed to respond with the answer as either of Male or Female. Our research and this dataset mirrors the data reported as Male and Female for gender distribution analysis.

    Variables / Data Columns

    • Age Group: This column displays the age group for the New Point population analysis. Total expected values are 18 and are define above in the age groups section.
    • Population (Male): The male population in the New Point is shown in the following column.
    • Population (Female): The female population in the New Point is shown in the following column.
    • Gender Ratio: Also known as the sex ratio, this column displays the number of males per 100 females in New Point for each age group.

    Good to know

    Margin of Error

    Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

    Custom data

    If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

    Inspiration

    Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

    Recommended for further research

    This dataset is a part of the main dataset for New Point Population by Gender. You can refer the same here

  4. a

    Demographic and Health Survey 2005 - Armenia

    • microdata.armstat.am
    • catalog.ihsn.org
    • +2more
    Updated Oct 11, 2019
    + more versions
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    Ministry of Health (MOH) (2019). Demographic and Health Survey 2005 - Armenia [Dataset]. https://microdata.armstat.am/index.php/catalog/5
    Explore at:
    Dataset updated
    Oct 11, 2019
    Dataset provided by
    National Statistical Service (NSS)
    Ministry of Health (MOH)
    Time period covered
    2005
    Area covered
    Armenia
    Description

    Abstract

    The 2005 Armenia Demographic and Health Survey (2005 ADHS) is the second in a series of nationally representative sample surveys designed to provide information on population and health issues in Armenia. As in the 2000 ADHS, the primary goal of the 2005 survey was to develop a single integrated set of demographic and health data pertaining to the population of the Republic of Armenia. In addition to integrating measures of reproductive, child, and adult health, another feature of the 2005 ADHS survey is that the majority of data are presented at the marz (region) level.

    The 2005 ADHS was conducted by the National Statistical Service (NSS) and the MOH of the Republic of Armenia from September through December 2005. ORC Macro provided technical support for the survey through the MEASURE DHS project. MEASURE DHS is a worldwide project, sponsored by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), with a mandate to assist countries in obtaining information on key population and health indicators. USAID/Armenia provided funding for the survey, while the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)/Armenia and the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)/Armenia supported the survey through in-kind contributions.

    The 2005 ADHS collected national- and regional-level data on fertility and contraceptive use, maternal and child health, adult health, and HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases. The survey obtained detailed information on these issues from women of reproductive age and, on certain topics, from men as well. Data are presented by marz wherever sample size permits.

    The 2005 ADHS results are intended to provide the information needed to evaluate existing social programs and to design new strategies for improving the health of and health services for the people of Armenia. The 2005 ADHS also contributes to the growing international database on demographic and health-related variables.

    Geographic coverage

    National

    Analysis unit

    • Household
    • Children under five years
    • Women age 15-49
    • Men age 15-49

    Kind of data

    Sample survey data

    Sampling procedure

    The sample was designed to permit detailed analysis-including the estimation of rates of fertility, infant/child mortality, and abortion-for the national level, for Yerevan, and for total urban and total rural areas separately. Many indicators can also be estimated at the regional (marz) level.

    A representative probability sample of 7,565 households was selected for the 2005 ADHS sample. The sample was selected in two stages. In the first stage, 308 clusters were selected from a list of enumeration areas in a subsample from a master sample that was designed from the 2001 Population Census. In the second stage, a complete listing of households was carried out in each selected cluster. Households were then systematically selected for participation in the survey.

    All women age 15-49 who were either permanent residents of the households in the 2005 ADHS sample or visitors present in the household on the night before the survey were eligible to be interviewed. Interviews were completed with 6,566 women. In addition, in a subsample of one-third of all the households selected for the survey, all men age 15-49 were eligible to be interviewed if they were either permanent residents or visitors present in the household on the night before the survey. Interviews were completed with 1,447 men.

    Note: See detailed summarized sample implementation tables in APPENDIX A of the report which is presented in this documentation.

    Mode of data collection

    Face-to-face [f2f]

    Research instrument

    Three questionnaires were used in the 2005 ADHS: a Household Questionnaire, a Women’s Questionnaire, and a Men’s questionnaire. The Household and Individual Questionnaires were based on model survey instruments developed in the MEASURE DHS program and on questionnaires used in the 2000 ADHS. The model questionnaires were adapted for use by experts from the NSS and MOH. Input was also sought from a number of non-governmental organizations. The questionnaires were developed in English and translated into Armenian. The Household and Individual Questionnaires were pretested in June 2005.

    The Household Questionnaire was used to list all usual members of and visitors to the selected households and to collect information on the socioeconomic status of the household. The first part of the Household Questionnaire collected information on the age, sex, educational attainment, and relationship to the household head of each household member or visitor. This information provides basic demographic data for Armenian households. It also was used to identify the women and men who were eligible for the individual interview (i.e., women and men age 15-49). In the second part of the Household Questionnaire, there were questions on housing characteristics (e.g., flooring material, source of water, type of toilet facilities), on ownership of a variety of consumer goods, and other questions relating to the socioeconomic status of the household. In addition, the Household Questionnaire was used to record height and weight measurements of women, men, and children under age five; hemoglobin measurement of women and children under age five; and blood pressure measurement of women and men.

    The Women’s Questionnaire obtained data from women age 15-49 on the following topics: • Background characteristics • Pregnancy history • Antenatal, delivery, and postnatal care • Knowledge, attitudes, and use of contraception • Reproductive and adult health • Health care utilization • Vaccinations, birth registration, and health of children under age five • Episodes of diarrhea and respiratory illness of children under age five • Breastfeeding and weaning practices • Marriage and recent sexual activity • Fertility preferences • Knowledge of and attitude toward HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections

    The Men’s Questionnaire, administered to men age 15-49, focused on the following topics: • Background characteristics • Health and health care utilization • Marriage and recent sexual activity • Attitudes toward and use of condoms • Knowledge of and attitude toward HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections • Attitudes toward women’s status

    Response rate

    A total of 7,565 households were selected for the sample, of which 7,003 were occupied at the time of fieldwork. The main reason for the difference is that some of the dwelling units that were occupied during the household listing operation were either vacant or the household was away for an extended period at the time of interviewing. Of the occupied households, 96 percent were successfully interviewed.

    In these households, 6,773 women were identified as eligible for the individual interview, and interviews were completed with 97 percent of them. Of the 1,630 eligible men identified, 89 percent were successfully interviewed. Response rates are almost identical in urban and rural areas.

    Note: See summarized response rates by residence (urban/rural) in Table 1.1 of the report which is presented this documentation.

    Sampling error estimates

    Estimates derived from a sample survey are affected by two types of errors: 1) non-sampling errors, and 2) sampling errors. Non-sampling errors are the results of mistakes made in implementing data collection and data processing, such as failure to locate and interview the correct household, misunderstanding of the questions on the part of either the interviewer or the respondent, and data entry errors. Although numerous efforts were made during the implementation of the 2005 Armenia DHS (2005 ADHS) to minimize this type of error, non-sampling errors are impossible to avoid and difficult to evaluate statistically.

    Sampling errors, on the other hand, can be evaluated statistically. The sample of respondents selected in the 2005 ADHS is only one of many samples that could have been selected from the same population, using the same design and expected size. Each of these samples would yield results that differ somewhat from the results of the actual sample selected. Sampling errors are a measure of the variability between all possible samples. Although the degree of variability is not known exactly, it can be estimated from the survey results.

    A sampling error is usually measured in terms of the standard error for a particular statistic (mean, percentage, etc.), which is the square root of the variance. The standard error can be used to calculate confidence intervals within which the true value for the population can reasonably be assumed to fall. For example, for any given statistic calculated from a sample survey, the value of that statistic will fall within a range of plus or minus two times the standard error of that statistic in 95 percent of all possible samples of identical size and design.

    If the sample of respondents had been selected as a simple random sample, it would have been possible to use straightforward formulas for calculating sampling errors. However, the 2005 ADHS sample is the result of a multi-stage stratified design, and, consequently, it was necessary to use a more complex formula. The computer software used to calculate sampling errors for the 2005 ADHS is the sampling error module in ISSA (Integrated System for Survey Analysis). This module uses the Taylor linearization method of variance estimation for survey estimates that are means or proportions. Another approach, the Jackknife repeated replication method is used for variance estimation of more complex statistics such as fertility and mortality rates.

    Note: See detailed

  5. Demographic and Health Survey 2013 - Namibia

    • microdata.worldbank.org
    Updated Jun 5, 2017
    + more versions
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    Demographic and Health Survey 2013 - Namibia [Dataset]. https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/2210
    Explore at:
    Dataset updated
    Jun 5, 2017
    Dataset provided by
    Ministry of Health and Social Serviceshttp://www.mhss.gov.na/
    Authors
    Ministry of Health and Social Services (MoHSS)
    Time period covered
    2013
    Area covered
    Namibia
    Description

    Abstract

    The 2013 NDHS is part of the worldwide Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) programme funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). DHS surveys are designed to collect data on fertility, family planning, and maternal and child health; assist countries in monitoring changes in population, health, and nutrition; and provide an international database that can be used by researchers investigating topics related to population, health, and nutrition.

    The overall objective of the survey is to provide demographic, socioeconomic, and health data necessary for policymaking, planning, monitoring, and evaluation of national health and population programmes. In addition, the survey measured the prevalence of anaemia, HIV, high blood glucose, and high blood pressure among adult women and men; assessed the prevalence of anaemia among children age 6-59 months; and collected anthropometric measurements to assess the nutritional status of women, men, and children.

    A long-term objective of the survey is to strengthen the technical capacity of local organizations to plan, conduct, and process and analyse data from complex national population and health surveys. At the global level, the 2013 NDHS data are comparable with those from a number of DHS surveys conducted in other developing countries. The 2013 NDHS adds to the vast and growing international database on demographic and health-related variables.

    Geographic coverage

    National coverage

    Analysis unit

    • Households
    • Children aged 0-5
    • Women aged 15 to 49
    • Men aged 15 to 64

    Kind of data

    Sample survey data [ssd]

    Sampling procedure

    Sample Design The primary focus of the 2013 NDHS was to provide estimates of key population and health indicators, including fertility and mortality rates, for the country as a whole and for urban and rural areas. In addition, the sample was designed to provide estimates of most key variables for the 13 administrative regions.

    Each of the administrative regions is subdivided into a number of constituencies (with an overall total of 107 constituencies). Each constituency is further subdivided into lower level administrative units. An enumeration area (EA) is the smallest identifiable entity without administrative specification, numbered sequentially within each constituency. Each EA is classified as urban or rural. The sampling frame used for the 2013 NDHS was the preliminary frame of the 2011 Namibia Population and Housing Census (NSA, 2013a). The sampling frame was a complete list of all EAs covering the whole country. Each EA is a geographical area covering an adequate number of households to serve as a counting unit for the population census. In rural areas, an EA is a natural village, part of a large village, or a group of small villages; in urban areas, an EA is usually a city block. The 2011 population census also produced a digitised map for each of the EAs that served as the means of identifying these areas.

    The sample for the 2013 NDHS was a stratified sample selected in two stages. In the first stage, 554 EAs-269 in urban areas and 285 in rural areas-were selected with a stratified probability proportional to size selection from the sampling frame. The size of an EA is defined according to the number of households residing in the EA, as recorded in the 2011 Population and Housing Census. Stratification was achieved by separating every region into urban and rural areas. Therefore, the 13 regions were stratified into 26 sampling strata (13 rural strata and 13 urban strata). Samples were selected independently in every stratum, with a predetermined number of EAs selected. A complete household listing and mapping operation was carried out in all selected clusters. In the second stage, a fixed number of 20 households were selected in every urban and rural cluster according to equal probability systematic sampling.

    Due to the non-proportional allocation of the sample to the different regions and the possible differences in response rates, sampling weights are required for any analysis using the 2013 NDHS data to ensure the representativeness of the survey results at the national as well as the regional level. Since the 2013 NDHS sample was a two-stage stratified cluster sample, sampling probabilities were calculated separately for each sampling stage and for each cluster.

    See Appendix A in the final report for details

    Mode of data collection

    Face-to-face [f2f]

    Research instrument

    Three questionnaires were administered in the 2013 NDHS: the Household Questionnaire, the Woman’s Questionnaire, and the Man’s Questionnaire. These questionnaires were adapted from the standard DHS6 core questionnaires to reflect the population and health issues relevant to Namibia at a series of meetings with various stakeholders from government ministries and agencies, nongovernmental organisations, and international donors. The final draft of each questionnaire was discussed at a questionnaire design workshop organised by the MoHSS from September 25-28, 2012, in Windhoek. The questionnaires were then translated from English into the six main local languages—Afrikaans, Rukwangali, Oshiwambo, Damara/Nama, Otjiherero, and Silozi—and back translated into English. The questionnaires were finalised after the pretest, which took place from February 11-25, 2013.

    The Household Questionnaire was used to list all usual household members as well as visitors in the selected households. Basic information was collected on the characteristics of each person listed, including age, sex, education, and relationship to the head of the household. For children under age 18, parents’ survival status was determined. In addition, the Household Questionnaire included questions on knowledge of malaria and use of mosquito nets by household members, along with questions regarding health expenditures. The Household Questionnaire was used to identify women and men who were eligible for the individual interview and the interview on domestic violence. The questionnaire also collected information on characteristics of the household’s dwelling unit, such as source of water, type of toilet facilities, materials used for the floor of the house, and ownership of various durable goods. The results of tests assessing iodine levels were recorded as well.

    In half of the survey households (the same households selected for the male survey), the Household Questionnaire was also used to record information on anthropometry and biomarker data collected from eligible respondents, as follows: • All eligible women and men age 15-64 were measured, weighed, and tested for anaemia and HIV. • All eligible women and men age 35-64 had their blood pressure and blood glucose measured. • All children age 0 to 59 months were measured and weighed. • All children age 6 to 59 months were tested for anaemia.

    The Woman’s Questionnaire was also used to collect information from women age 50-64 living in half of the selected survey households on background characteristics, marriage and sexual activity, women’s work and husbands’ background characteristics, awareness and behaviour regarding AIDS and other STIs, and other health issues.

    The Man’s Questionnaire was administered to all men age 15-64 living in half of the selected survey households. The Man’s Questionnaire collected much of the same information as the Woman’s Questionnaire but was shorter because it did not contain a detailed reproductive history or questions on maternal and child health or nutrition.

    Cleaning operations

    CSPro—a Windows-based integrated census and survey processing system that combines and replaces the ISSA and IMPS packages—was used for entry, editing, and tabulation of the NDHS data. Prior to data entry, a practical training session was provided by ICF International to all data entry staff. A total of 28 data processing personnel, including 17 data entry operators, one questionnaire administrator, two office editors, three secondary editors, two network technicians, two data processing supervisors, and one coordinator, were recruited and trained on administration of questionnaires and coding, data entry and verification, correction of questionnaires and provision of feedback, and secondary editing. NDHS data processing was formally launched during the week of June 22, 2013, at the National Statistics Agency Data Processing Centre in Windhoek. The data entry and editing phase of the survey was completed in January 2014.

    Response rate

    A total of 11,004 households were selected for the sample, of which 10,165 were found to be occupied during data collection. Of the occupied households, 9,849 were successfully interviewed, yielding a household response rate of 97 percent.

    In these households, 9,940 women age 15-49 were identified as eligible for the individual interview. Interviews were completed with 9,176 women, yielding a response rate of 92 percent. In addition, in half of these households, 842 women age 50-64 were successfully interviewed; in this group of women, the response rate was 91 percent.

    Of the 5,271 eligible men identified in the selected subsample of households, 4,481 (85 percent) were successfully interviewed.

    Response rates were higher in rural than in urban areas, with the rural-urban difference more marked among men than among women.

    Sampling error estimates

    The estimates from a sample survey are affected by two types of errors: nonsampling errors and sampling errors. Nonsampling errors are the results of mistakes made in implementing data collection and data processing, such as failure to locate and interview

  6. Demographic and Health Survey 1993-1994 - Bangladesh

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    Updated Jul 6, 2017
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    Mitra & Associates/ NIPORT (2017). Demographic and Health Survey 1993-1994 - Bangladesh [Dataset]. https://catalog.ihsn.org/catalog/117
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    Dataset updated
    Jul 6, 2017
    Dataset provided by
    National Institute of Population Research and Traininghttp://niport.gov.bd/
    Authors
    Mitra & Associates/ NIPORT
    Time period covered
    1993 - 1994
    Area covered
    Bangladesh
    Description

    Abstract

    The Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) is the first of this kind of study conducted in Bangladesh. It provides rapid feedback on key demographic and programmatic indicators to monitor the strength and weaknesses of the national family planning/MCH program. The wealth of information collected through the 1993-94 BDHS will be of immense value to the policymakers and program managers in order to strengthen future program policies and strategies.

    The BDHS is intended to serve as a source of population and health data for policymakers and the research community. In general, the objectives of the BDHS are to: - asses the overall demographic situation in Bangladesh, - assist in the evaluation of the population and health programs in Bangladesh, and - advance survey methodology.

    More specifically, the BDHS was designed to: - provide data on the family planning and fertility behavior of the Bangladesh population to evaluate the national family planning programs, - measure changes in fertility and contraceptive prevalence and, at the same time, study the factors which affect these changes, such as marriage patterns, urban/rural residence, availability of contraception, breastfeeding patterns, and other socioeconomic factors, and - examine the basic indicators of maternal and child health in Bangladesh.

    Geographic coverage

    National

    Analysis unit

    • Household
    • Children under five years
    • Women age 10-49
    • Men

    Kind of data

    Sample survey data

    Sampling procedure

    Bangladesh is divided into five administrative divisions, 64 districts (zillas), and 489 thanas. In rural areas, thanas are divided into unions and then mauzas, an administrative land unit. Urban areas are divided into wards and then mahallas. The 1993-94 BDHS employed a nationally-representative, two-stage sample. It was selected from the Integrated Multi-Purpose Master Sample (IMPS), newly created by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. The IMPS is based on 1991 census data. Each of the five divisions was stratified into three groups: 1) statistical metropolitan areas (SMAs) 2) municipalities (other urban areas), and 3) rural areas. In rural areas, the primary sampling unit was the mauza, while in urban areas, it was the mahalla. Because the primary sampling units in the IMPS were selected with probability proportional to size from the 1991 census frame, the units for the BDHS were sub-selected from the IMPS with equal probability to make the BDHS selection equivalent to selection with probability proportional to size. A total of 304 primary sampling units were selected for the BDHS (30 in SMAs, 40 in municipalities, and 234 in rural areas), out of the 372 in the IMPS. Fieldwork in three sample points was not possible, so a total of 301 points were covered in the survey.

    Since one objective of the BDHS is to provide separate survey estimates for each division as well as for urban and rural areas separately, it was necessary to increase the sampling rate for Barisal Division und for municipalities relative to the other divisions, SMAs, and rural areas. Thus, the BDHS sample is not self-weighting and weighting factors have been applied to the data in this report.

    After the selection of the BDHS sample points, field staffs were trained by Mitra and Associates and conducted a household listing operation in September and October 1993. A systematic sample of households was then selected from these lists, with an average "take" of 25 households in the urban clusters and 37 households in rural clusters. Every second household was identified as selected for the husband's survey, meaning that, in addition to interviewing all ever-married women age 10-49, interviewers also interviewed the husband of any woman who was successfully interviewed. It was expected that the sample would yield interviews with approximately 10,000 ever-married women age 10-49 and 4,200 of their husbands.

    Note: See detailed in APPENDIX A of the survey final report.

    Sampling deviation

    Data collected for women 10-49, indicators calculated for women 15-49. A total of 304 primary sampling units were selected, but fieldwork in 3 sample points was not possible.

    Mode of data collection

    Face-to-face

    Research instrument

    Four types of questionnaires were used for the BDHS: a Household Questionnaire, a Women's Questionnaire, a Husbands' Questionnaire, and a Service Availability Questionnaire. The contents of these questionnaires were based on the DHS Model A Questionnaire, which is designed for use in countries with relatively high levels of contraceptive use. Additions and modifications to the model questionnaires were made during a series of meetings with representatives of various organizations, including the Asia Foundation, the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, the Cambridge Consulting Corporation, the Family Planning Association of Bangladesh, GTZ, the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (ICDDR,B), Pathfinder International, Population Communications Services, the Population Council, the Social Marketing Company, UNFPA, UNICEF, University Research Corporation/Bangladesh, and the World Bank. The questionnaires were developed in English and then translated into and printed in Bangla.

    The Household Questionnaire was used to list all the usual members and visitors of selected households. Some basic information was collected on the characteristics of each person listed, including his/her age, sex, education, and relationship to the head of the household. The main purpose of the Household Questionnaire was to identify women and men who were eligible for individual interview. In addition, information was collected about the dwelling itself, such as the source of water, type of toilet facilities, materials used to construct the house, and ownership of various consumer goods.

    The Women's Questionnaire was used to collect information from ever-married women age 10-49. These women were asked questions on the following topics: - Background characteristics (age, education, religion, etc.), - Reproductive history, - Knowledge and use of family planning methods, - Antenatal and delivery care, - Breastfeeding and weaning practices, - Vaccinations and health of children under age three, - Marriage, - Fertility preferences, and - Husband's background and respondent's work.

    The Husbands' Questionnaire was used to interview the husbands of a subsample of women who were interviewed. The questionnaire included many of the same questions as the Women's Questionnaire, except that it omitted the detailed birth history, as well as the sections on maternal care, breastfeeding and child health.

    The Service Availability Questionnaire was used to collect information on the family planning and health services available in and near the sampled areas. It consisted of a set of three questionnaires: one to collect data on characteristics of the community, one for interviewing family welfare visitors and one for interviewing family planning field workers, whether government or non-governent supported. One set of service availability questionnaires was to be completed in each cluster (sample point).

    Cleaning operations

    All questionnaires for the BDHS were returned to Dhaka for data processing at Mitra and Associates. The processing operation consisted of office editing, coding of open-ended questions, data entry, and editing inconsistencies found by the computer programs. One senior staff member, 1 data processing supervisor, questionnaire administrator, 2 office editors, and 5 data entry operators were responsible for the data processing operation. The data were processed on five microcomputers. The DHS data entry and editing programs were written in ISSA (Integrated System for Survey Analysis). Data processing commenced in early February and was completed by late April 1994.

    Response rate

    A total of 9,681 households were selected for the sample, of which 9,174 were successfully interviewed. The shortfall is primarily due to dwellings that were vacant, or in which the inhabitants had left for an extended period at the time they were visited by the interviewing teams. Of the 9,255 households that were occupied, 99 percent were successfully interviewed. In these households, 9,900 women were identified as eligible for the individual interview and interviews were completed for 9,640 or 97 percent of these. In one-half of the households that were selected for inclusion in the husbands' survey, 3,874 eligible husbands were identified, of which 3,284 or 85 percent were interviewed.

    The principal reason for non-response among eligible women and men was failure to find them at home despite repeated visits to the household. The refusal rate was very low (less than one-tenth of one percent among women and husbands). Since the main reason for interviewing husbands was to match the information with that from their wives, survey procedures called for interviewers not to interview husbands of women who were not interviewed. Such cases account for about one-third of the non-response among husbands. Where husbands and wives were both interviewed, they were interviewed simultaneously but separately.

    Note: See summarized response rates by residence (urban/rural) in Table 1.1 of the survey final report.

    Sampling error estimates

    The estimates from a sample survey are affected by two types of errors: non-sampling errors and sampling errors. Non-sampling errors are the results of mistakes made in implementing data collection and data processing, such as failure to locate and interview the correct household, misunderstanding of the questions

  7. N

    Greens Fork, IN Population Breakdown by Gender and Age Dataset: Male and...

    • neilsberg.com
    csv, json
    Updated Feb 24, 2025
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    Neilsberg Research (2025). Greens Fork, IN Population Breakdown by Gender and Age Dataset: Male and Female Population Distribution Across 18 Age Groups // 2025 Edition [Dataset]. https://www.neilsberg.com/research/datasets/e1e3eca7-f25d-11ef-8c1b-3860777c1fe6/
    Explore at:
    csv, jsonAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Feb 24, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Neilsberg Research
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Area covered
    Greens Fork
    Variables measured
    Male and Female Population Under 5 Years, Male and Female Population over 85 years, Male and Female Population Between 5 and 9 years, Male and Female Population Between 10 and 14 years, Male and Female Population Between 15 and 19 years, Male and Female Population Between 20 and 24 years, Male and Female Population Between 25 and 29 years, Male and Female Population Between 30 and 34 years, Male and Female Population Between 35 and 39 years, Male and Female Population Between 40 and 44 years, and 8 more
    Measurement technique
    The data presented in this dataset is derived from the latest U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates. To measure the three variables, namely (a) Population (Male), (b) Population (Female), and (c) Gender Ratio (Males per 100 Females), we initially analyzed and categorized the data for each of the gender classifications (biological sex) reported by the US Census Bureau across 18 age groups, ranging from under 5 years to 85 years and above. These age groups are described above in the variables section. For further information regarding these estimates, please feel free to reach out to us via email at research@neilsberg.com.
    Dataset funded by
    Neilsberg Research
    Description
    About this dataset

    Context

    The dataset tabulates the population of Greens Fork by gender across 18 age groups. It lists the male and female population in each age group along with the gender ratio for Greens Fork. The dataset can be utilized to understand the population distribution of Greens Fork by gender and age. For example, using this dataset, we can identify the largest age group for both Men and Women in Greens Fork. Additionally, it can be used to see how the gender ratio changes from birth to senior most age group and male to female ratio across each age group for Greens Fork.

    Key observations

    Largest age group (population): Male # 5-9 years (35) | Female # 30-34 years (46). Source: U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

    Content

    When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

    Age groups:

    • Under 5 years
    • 5 to 9 years
    • 10 to 14 years
    • 15 to 19 years
    • 20 to 24 years
    • 25 to 29 years
    • 30 to 34 years
    • 35 to 39 years
    • 40 to 44 years
    • 45 to 49 years
    • 50 to 54 years
    • 55 to 59 years
    • 60 to 64 years
    • 65 to 69 years
    • 70 to 74 years
    • 75 to 79 years
    • 80 to 84 years
    • 85 years and over

    Scope of gender :

    Please note that American Community Survey asks a question about the respondents current sex, but not about gender, sexual orientation, or sex at birth. The question is intended to capture data for biological sex, not gender. Respondents are supposed to respond with the answer as either of Male or Female. Our research and this dataset mirrors the data reported as Male and Female for gender distribution analysis.

    Variables / Data Columns

    • Age Group: This column displays the age group for the Greens Fork population analysis. Total expected values are 18 and are define above in the age groups section.
    • Population (Male): The male population in the Greens Fork is shown in the following column.
    • Population (Female): The female population in the Greens Fork is shown in the following column.
    • Gender Ratio: Also known as the sex ratio, this column displays the number of males per 100 females in Greens Fork for each age group.

    Good to know

    Margin of Error

    Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

    Custom data

    If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

    Inspiration

    Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

    Recommended for further research

    This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Greens Fork Population by Gender. You can refer the same here

  8. w

    Demographic and Health Survey 2022 - Ghana

    • microdata.worldbank.org
    • catalog.ihsn.org
    • +1more
    Updated Jan 19, 2024
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    Ghana Statistical Service (GSS) (2024). Demographic and Health Survey 2022 - Ghana [Dataset]. https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/6122
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    Dataset updated
    Jan 19, 2024
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Ghana Statistical Service (GSS)
    Time period covered
    2022 - 2023
    Area covered
    Ghana
    Description

    Abstract

    The 2022 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (2022 GDHS) is the seventh in the series of DHS surveys conducted by the Ghana Statistical Service (GSS) in collaboration with the Ministry of Health/Ghana Health Service (MoH/GHS) and other stakeholders, with funding from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and other partners.

    The primary objective of the 2022 GDHS is to provide up-to-date estimates of basic demographic and health indicators. Specifically, the GDHS collected information on: - Fertility levels and preferences, contraceptive use, antenatal and delivery care, maternal and child health, childhood mortality, childhood immunisation, breastfeeding and young child feeding practices, women’s dietary diversity, violence against women, gender, nutritional status of adults and children, awareness regarding HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections, tobacco use, and other indicators relevant for the Sustainable Development Goals - Haemoglobin levels of women and children - Prevalence of malaria parasitaemia (rapid diagnostic testing and thick slides for malaria parasitaemia in the field and microscopy in the lab) among children age 6–59 months - Use of treated mosquito nets - Use of antimalarial drugs for treatment of fever among children under age 5

    The information collected through the 2022 GDHS is intended to assist policymakers and programme managers in designing and evaluating programmes and strategies for improving the health of the country’s population.

    Geographic coverage

    National coverage

    Analysis unit

    • Household
    • Individual
    • Children age 0-5
    • Woman age 15-49
    • Man age 15-59

    Universe

    The survey covered all de jure household members (usual residents), all women aged 15-49, men aged 15-59, and all children aged 0-4 resident in the household.

    Kind of data

    Sample survey data [ssd]

    Sampling procedure

    To achieve the objectives of the 2022 GDHS, a stratified representative sample of 18,450 households was selected in 618 clusters, which resulted in 15,014 interviewed women age 15–49 and 7,044 interviewed men age 15–59 (in one of every two households selected).

    The sampling frame used for the 2022 GDHS is the updated frame prepared by the GSS based on the 2021 Population and Housing Census.1 The sampling procedure used in the 2022 GDHS was stratified two-stage cluster sampling, designed to yield representative results at the national level, for urban and rural areas, and for each of the country’s 16 regions for most DHS indicators. In the first stage, 618 target clusters were selected from the sampling frame using a probability proportional to size strategy for urban and rural areas in each region. Then the number of targeted clusters were selected with equal probability systematic random sampling of the clusters selected in the first phase for urban and rural areas. In the second stage, after selection of the clusters, a household listing and map updating operation was carried out in all of the selected clusters to develop a list of households for each cluster. This list served as a sampling frame for selection of the household sample. The GSS organized a 5-day training course on listing procedures for listers and mappers with support from ICF. The listers and mappers were organized into 25 teams consisting of one lister and one mapper per team. The teams spent 2 months completing the listing operation. In addition to listing the households, the listers collected the geographical coordinates of each household using GPS dongles provided by ICF and in accordance with the instructions in the DHS listing manual. The household listing was carried out using tablet computers, with software provided by The DHS Program. A fixed number of 30 households in each cluster were randomly selected from the list for interviews.

    For further details on sample design, see APPENDIX A of the final report.

    Mode of data collection

    Face-to-face computer-assisted interviews [capi]

    Research instrument

    Four questionnaires were used in the 2022 GDHS: the Household Questionnaire, the Woman’s Questionnaire, the Man’s Questionnaire, and the Biomarker Questionnaire. The questionnaires, based on The DHS Program’s model questionnaires, were adapted to reflect the population and health issues relevant to Ghana. In addition, a self-administered Fieldworker Questionnaire collected information about the survey’s fieldworkers.

    The GSS organized a questionnaire design workshop with support from ICF and obtained input from government and development partners expected to use the resulting data. The DHS Program optional modules on domestic violence, malaria, and social and behavior change communication were incorporated into the Woman’s Questionnaire. ICF provided technical assistance in adapting the modules to the questionnaires.

    Cleaning operations

    DHS staff installed all central office programmes, data structure checks, secondary editing, and field check tables from 17–20 October 2022. Central office training was implemented using the practice data to test the central office system and field check tables. Seven GSS staff members (four male and three female) were trained on the functionality of the central office menu, including accepting clusters from the field, data editing procedures, and producing reports to monitor fieldwork.

    From 27 February to 17 March, DHS staff visited the Ghana Statistical Service office in Accra to work with the GSS central office staff on finishing the secondary editing and to clean and finalize all data received from the 618 clusters.

    Response rate

    A total of 18,540 households were selected for the GDHS sample, of which 18,065 were found to be occupied. Of the occupied households, 17,933 were successfully interviewed, yielding a response rate of 99%. In the interviewed households, 15,317 women age 15–49 were identified as eligible for individual interviews. Interviews were completed with 15,014 women, yielding a response rate of 98%. In the subsample of households selected for the male survey, 7,263 men age 15–59 were identified as eligible for individual interviews and 7,044 were successfully interviewed.

    Sampling error estimates

    The estimates from a sample survey are affected by two types of errors: (1) nonsampling errors and (2) sampling errors. Nonsampling errors are the results of mistakes made in implementing data collection and data processing, such as failure to locate and interview the correct household, misunderstanding of the questions on the part of either the interviewer or the respondent, and data entry errors. Although numerous efforts were made during the implementation of the 2022 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (2022 GDHS) to minimize this type of error, nonsampling errors are impossible to avoid and difficult to evaluate statistically.

    Sampling errors, on the other hand, can be evaluated statistically. The sample of respondents selected in the 2022 GDHS is only one of many samples that could have been selected from the same population, using the same design and identical size. Each of these samples would yield results that differ somewhat from the results of the actual sample selected. Sampling errors are a measure of the variability between all possible samples. Although the degree of variability is not known exactly, it can be estimated from the survey results. A sampling error is usually measured in terms of the standard error for a particular statistic (mean, percentage, etc.), which is the square root of the variance. The standard error can be used to calculate confidence intervals within which the true value for the population can reasonably be assumed to fall. For example, for any given statistic calculated from a sample survey, the value of that statistic will fall within a range of plus or minus two times the standard error of that statistic in 95% of all possible samples of identical size and design.

    If the sample of respondents had been selected as a simple random sample, it would have been possible to use straightforward formulas for calculating sampling errors. However, the 2022 GDHS sample was the result of a multistage stratified design, and, consequently, it was necessary to use more complex formulas. The computer software used to calculate sampling errors for the GDHS 2022 is an SAS program. This program used the Taylor linearization method to estimate variances for survey estimates that are means, proportions, or ratios. The Jackknife repeated replication method is used for variance estimation of more complex statistics such as fertility and mortality rates.

    A more detailed description of estimates of sampling errors are presented in APPENDIX B of the survey report.

    Data appraisal

    Data Quality Tables

    • Age distribution of eligible and interviewed women
    • Age distribution of eligible and interviewed men
    • Age displacement at age 14/15
    • Age displacement at age 49/50
    • Pregnancy outcomes by years preceding the survey
    • Completeness of reporting
    • Standardisation exercise results from anthropometry training
    • Height and weight data completeness and quality for children
    • Height measurements from random subsample of measured children
    • Interference in height and weight measurements of children
    • Interference in height and weight measurements of women and men
    • Heaping in anthropometric measurements for children (digit preference)
    • Observation of mosquito nets
    • Observation of handwashing facility
    • School attendance by single year of age
    • Vaccination cards photographed
    • Number of
  9. Demographic and Health Survey 2012 - Indonesia

    • dev.ihsn.org
    • catalog.ihsn.org
    • +2more
    Updated Apr 25, 2019
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    Statistics Indonesia (BPS) (2019). Demographic and Health Survey 2012 - Indonesia [Dataset]. https://dev.ihsn.org/nada/catalog/74401
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    Dataset updated
    Apr 25, 2019
    Dataset provided by
    Statistics Indonesiahttp://www.bps.go.id/
    Authors
    Statistics Indonesia (BPS)
    Time period covered
    2012
    Area covered
    Indonesia
    Description

    Abstract

    The primary objective of the 2012 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) is to provide policymakers and program managers with national- and provincial-level data on representative samples of all women age 15-49 and currently-married men age 15-54.

    The 2012 IDHS was specifically designed to meet the following objectives: • Provide data on fertility, family planning, maternal and child health, adult mortality (including maternal mortality), and awareness of AIDS/STIs to program managers, policymakers, and researchers to help them evaluate and improve existing programs; • Measure trends in fertility and contraceptive prevalence rates, and analyze factors that affect such changes, such as marital status and patterns, residence, education, breastfeeding habits, and knowledge, use, and availability of contraception; • Evaluate the achievement of goals previously set by national health programs, with special focus on maternal and child health; • Assess married men’s knowledge of utilization of health services for their family’s health, as well as participation in the health care of their families; • Participate in creating an international database that allows cross-country comparisons that can be used by the program managers, policymakers, and researchers in the areas of family planning, fertility, and health in general

    Geographic coverage

    National coverage

    Analysis unit

    • Household
    • Women age 15-49
    • Ever married men age 15-54
    • Never married men age 15-24

    Kind of data

    Sample survey data [ssd]

    Sampling procedure

    Indonesia is divided into 33 provinces. Each province is subdivided into districts (regency in areas mostly rural and municipality in urban areas). Districts are subdivided into subdistricts, and each subdistrict is divided into villages. The entire village is classified as urban or rural.

    The 2012 IDHS sample is aimed at providing reliable estimates of key characteristics for women age 15-49 and currently-married men age 15-54 in Indonesia as a whole, in urban and rural areas, and in each of the 33 provinces included in the survey. To achieve this objective, a total of 1,840 census blocks (CBs)-874 in urban areas and 966 in rural areas-were selected from the list of CBs in the selected primary sampling units formed during the 2010 population census.

    Because the sample was designed to provide reliable indicators for each province, the number of CBs in each province was not allocated in proportion to the population of the province or its urban-rural classification. Therefore, a final weighing adjustment procedure was done to obtain estimates for all domains. A minimum of 43 CBs per province was imposed in the 2012 IDHS design.

    Refer to Appendix B in the final report for details of sample design and implementation.

    Mode of data collection

    Face-to-face [f2f]

    Research instrument

    The 2012 IDHS used four questionnaires: the Household Questionnaire, the Woman’s Questionnaire, the Currently Married Man’s Questionnaire, and the Never-Married Man’s Questionnaire. Because of the change in survey coverage from ever-married women age 15-49 in the 2007 IDHS to all women age 15-49 in the 2012 IDHS, the Woman’s Questionnaire now has questions for never-married women age 15-24. These questions were part of the 2007 Indonesia Young Adult Reproductive Survey questionnaire.

    The Household and Woman’s Questionnaires are largely based on standard DHS phase VI questionnaires (March 2011 version). The model questionnaires were adapted for use in Indonesia. Not all questions in the DHS model were adopted in the IDHS. In addition, the response categories were modified to reflect the local situation.

    The Household Questionnaire was used to list all the usual members and visitors who spent the previous night in the selected households. Basic information collected on each person listed includes age, sex, education, marital status, education, and relationship to the head of the household. Information on characteristics of the housing unit, such as the source of drinking water, type of toilet facilities, construction materials used for the floor, roof, and outer walls of the house, and ownership of various durable goods were also recorded in the Household Questionnaire. These items reflect the household’s socioeconomic status and are used to calculate the household wealth index. The main purpose of the Household Questionnaire was to identify women and men who were eligible for an individual interview.

    The Woman’s Questionnaire was used to collect information from all women age 15-49. These women were asked questions on the following topics: • Background characteristics (marital status, education, media exposure, etc.) • Reproductive history and fertility preferences • Knowledge and use of family planning methods • Antenatal, delivery, and postnatal care • Breastfeeding and infant and young children feeding practices • Childhood mortality • Vaccinations and childhood illnesses • Marriage and sexual activity • Fertility preferences • Woman’s work and husband’s background characteristics • Awareness and behavior regarding HIV-AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) • Sibling mortality, including maternal mortality • Other health issues

    Questions asked to never-married women age 15-24 addressed the following: • Additional background characteristics • Knowledge of the human reproduction system • Attitudes toward marriage and children • Role of family, school, the community, and exposure to mass media • Use of tobacco, alcohol, and drugs • Dating and sexual activity

    The Man’s Questionnaire was administered to all currently married men age 15-54 living in every third household in the 2012 IDHS sample. This questionnaire includes much of the same information included in the Woman’s Questionnaire, but is shorter because it did not contain questions on reproductive history or maternal and child health. Instead, men were asked about their knowledge of and participation in health-careseeking practices for their children.

    The questionnaire for never-married men age 15-24 includes the same questions asked to nevermarried women age 15-24.

    Cleaning operations

    All completed questionnaires, along with the control forms, were returned to the BPS central office in Jakarta for data processing. The questionnaires were logged and edited, and all open-ended questions were coded. Responses were entered in the computer twice for verification, and they were corrected for computeridentified errors. Data processing activities were carried out by a team of 58 data entry operators, 42 data editors, 14 secondary data editors, and 14 data entry supervisors. A computer package program called Census and Survey Processing System (CSPro), which was specifically designed to process DHS-type survey data, was used in the processing of the 2012 IDHS.

    Response rate

    The response rates for both the household and individual interviews in the 2012 IDHS are high. A total of 46,024 households were selected in the sample, of which 44,302 were occupied. Of these households, 43,852 were successfully interviewed, yielding a household response rate of 99 percent.

    Refer to Table 1.2 in the final report for more detailed summarized results of the of the 2012 IDHS fieldwork for both the household and individual interviews, by urban-rural residence.

    Sampling error estimates

    The estimates from a sample survey are affected by two types of errors: (1) nonsampling errors, and (2) sampling errors. Nonsampling errors are the results of mistakes made in implementing data collection and data processing, such as failure to locate and interview the correct household, misunderstanding of the questions on the part of either the interviewer or the respondent, and data entry errors. Although numerous efforts were made during the implementation of the 2012 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (2012 IDHS) to minimize this type of error, nonsampling errors are impossible to avoid and difficult to evaluate statistically.

    Sampling errors, on the other hand, can be evaluated statistically. The sample of respondents selected in the 2012 IDHS is only one of many samples that could have been selected from the same population, using the same design and identical size. Each of these samples would yield results that differ somewhat from the results of the actual sample selected. Sampling error is a measure of the variability between all possible samples. Although the degree of variability is not known exactly, it can be estimated from the survey results.

    A sampling error is usually measured in terms of the standard error for a particular statistic (mean, percentage, etc.), which is the square root of the variance. The standard error can be used to calculate confidence intervals within which the true value for the population can reasonably be assumed to fall. For example, for any given statistic calculated from a sample survey, the value of that statistic will fall within a range of plus or minus two times the standard error of that statistic in 95 percent of all possible samples of identical size and design.

    If the sample of respondents had been selected as a simple random sample, it would have been possible to use straightforward formulas for calculating sampling errors. However, the 2012 IDHS sample is the result of a multi-stage stratified design, and, consequently, it was necessary to use more complex formulae. The computer software used to calculate sampling errors for the 2012 IDHS is a SAS program. This program used the Taylor linearization method

  10. w

    Demographic and Health Survey 2019-2020 - Gambia

    • microdata.worldbank.org
    Updated Aug 26, 2021
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    Demographic and Health Survey 2019-2020 - Gambia [Dataset]. https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/3980
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    Dataset updated
    Aug 26, 2021
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Gambia Bureau of Statistics (GBoS)
    Time period covered
    2019 - 2020
    Area covered
    The Gambia
    Description

    Abstract

    The 2019-20 Gambia Demographic and Health Survey (2019-20 GDHS) is a nationwide survey with a nationally representative sample of residential households. The survey was implemented by The Gambia Bureau of Statistics (GBoS) in collaboration with the Ministry of Health (MoH).

    The primary objective of the 2019-20 GDHS is to provide up-to-date estimates of basic demographic and health indicators. Specifically, the 2019-20 GDHS: ▪ collected data on fertility levels and preferences; contraceptive use; maternal and child health; infant, child, and neonatal mortality levels; maternal mortality; gender; nutrition; awareness about HIV/AIDS; self-reported sexually transmitted infections (STIs); and other health issues relevant to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) ▪ obtained information on the availability of, access to, and use of mosquito nets as part of the National Malaria Control Programme ▪ gathered information on other health issues such as injections, tobacco use, hypertension, diabetes, and health insurance ▪ collected data on women’s empowerment, domestic violence, fistula, and female genital mutilation/cutting ▪ tested household salt for the presence of iodine ▪ obtained data on child feeding practices, including breastfeeding, and conducted anthropometric measurements to assess the nutritional status of children under age 5 and women age 15-49 ▪ conducted anaemia testing of women age 15-49 and children age 6-59 months ▪ conducted malaria testing of children age 6-59 months

    Geographic coverage

    National coverage

    Analysis unit

    • Household
    • Individual
    • Children age 0-5
    • Woman age 15-49
    • Man age 15 to 59

    Universe

    The survey covered all de jure household members (usual residents), all women aged 15-49, all men age 15-59, and all children aged 0-5 resident in the household.

    Kind of data

    Sample survey data [ssd]

    Sampling procedure

    The sampling frame used for the 2019-20 GDHS was based on an updated version of the 2013 Gambia Population and Housing Census (2013 GPHC) conducted by GBoS. The census counts were updated in 2015-16 based on district-level projected counts from the 2015-16 Integrated Household Survey (IHS). Administratively, The Gambia is divided into eight Local Government Areas (LGAs). Each LGA is subdivided into districts and each district is subdivided into settlements. A settlement, a group of small settlements, or a part of a large settlement can form an enumeration area (EA). These units allow the country to be easily separated into small geographical area units, each with an urban or rural designation. There are 48 districts, 120 wards, and 4,098 EAs in The Gambia; the EAs have an average size of 68 households.

    The sample for the 2019-20 GDHS was a stratified sample selected in two stages. In the first stage, EAs were selected with a probability proportional to their size within each sampling stratum. A total of 281 EAs were selected.

    In the second stage, the households were systematically sampled. A household listing operation was undertaken in all of the selected clusters. The resulting lists of households served as the sampling frame from which a fixed number of 25 households were systematically selected per cluster, resulting in a total sample size of 7,025 selected households. Results from this sample are representative at the national, urban, and rural levels and at the LGA levels.

    For further details on sample selection, see Appendix A of the final report.

    Mode of data collection

    Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

    Research instrument

    Five questionnaires were used for the 2019-20 GDHS: the Household Questionnaire, the Woman’s Questionnaire, the Man’s Questionnaire, the Biomarker Questionnaire, and the Fieldworker Questionnaire. These questionnaires, based on The DHS Program’s standard questionnaires, were adapted to reflect the population and health issues relevant to The Gambia. Suggestions were solicited from various stakeholders representing government ministries, departments, and agencies; nongovernmental organisations; and international donors. All questionnaires were written in English, and interviewers translated the questions into the appropriate local language to carry out the interview.

    Cleaning operations

    All electronic data files were transferred via the Internet File Streaming System (IFSS) to the GBoS central office. The IFSS automatically encrypts the data and sends the data to a server, and the server in turn downloads the data to the data processing supervisor’s password-protected computer in the central office. The data processing operation included secondary editing, which required resolution of computeridentified inconsistencies and coding of open-ended questions. The data were processed by two IT specialists and three secondary editors who took part in the main fieldwork training; they were supervised remotely by staff from The DHS Program. Data editing was accomplished using CSPro software. During the fieldwork, field-check tables were generated to check various data quality parameters, and specific feedback was given to the teams to improve performance. Secondary editing and data processing were initiated in November 2019 and completed in May 2020.

    Response rate

    All 6,985 households in the selected housing units were eligible for the survey, of which 6,736 were occupied. Of the occupied households, 6,549 were successfully interviewed, yielding a response rate of 97%. Among the households successfully interviewed, 1,948 interviews were completed in 2019 and 4,601 in 2020.

    In the interviewed households, 12,481 women age 15-49 were identified for individual interviews; interviews were completed with 11,865 women, yielding a response rate of 95%, a 4 percentage point increase from the 2013 GDHS. Among men, 5,337 were eligible for individual interviews, and 4,636 completed an interview; this yielded a response rate of 87%, a 5 percentage point increase from the previous survey.

    Sampling error estimates

    The estimates from a sample survey are affected by two types of errors: nonsampling errors and sampling errors. Nonsampling errors are the results of mistakes made in implementing data collection and data processing, such as failure to locate and interview the correct household, misunderstanding of the questions on the part of either the interviewer or the respondent, and data entry errors. Although numerous efforts were made during the implementation of the 2019-20 Gambia Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS) to minimise this type of error, nonsampling errors are impossible to avoid and difficult to evaluate statistically.

    Sampling errors, on the other hand, can be evaluated statistically. The sample of respondents selected in the 2019-20 GDHS is only one of many samples that could have been selected from the same population, using the same design and expected size. Each of these samples would yield results that differ somewhat from the results of the actual sample selected. Sampling errors are a measure of the variability among all possible samples. Although the degree of variability is not known exactly, it can be estimated from the survey results.

    Sampling error is usually measured in terms of the standard error for a particular statistic (mean, percentage, etc.), which is the square root of the variance. The standard error can be used to calculate confidence intervals within which the true value for the population can reasonably be assumed to fall. For example, for any given statistic calculated from a sample survey, the value of that statistic will fall within a range of plus or minus two times the standard error of that statistic in 95% of all possible samples of identical size and design.

    If the sample of respondents had been selected as a simple random sample, it would have been possible to use straightforward formulas for calculating sampling errors. However, the 2019-20 GDHS sample is the result of a multi-stage stratified design, and, consequently, it was necessary to use more complex formulas. Sampling errors are computed in SAS, using programs developed by ICF. These programs use the Taylor linearisation method to estimate variances for survey estimates that are means, proportions, or ratios. The Jackknife repeated replication method is used for variance estimation of more complex statistics such as fertility and mortality rates.

    Note: A more detailed description of estimates of sampling errors are presented in APPENDIX B of the survey report.

    Data appraisal

    Data Quality Tables

    • Household age distribution
    • Age distribution of eligible and interviewed women
    • Age distribution of eligible and interviewed men
    • Completeness of reporting
    • Births by calendar years
    • Reporting of age at death in days
    • Reporting of age at death in months
    • Standardisation exercise results from anthropometry training
    • Height and weight data completeness and quality for children
    • Height measurements from random subsample of measured children
    • Number of enumeration areas completed by month, according to Local Government Area, The Gambia DHS 2019-20
    • Percentage of children age 6-59 months classified as having malaria according to RDT, by month and Local Government Area, The Gambia DHS 2019-20
    • Completeness of information on siblings
    • Sibship size and sex ratio of siblings

    See details of the data quality tables in Appendix C of the final report.

  11. w

    National Health Survey 1998, Interim Demographic and Health Survey -...

    • microdata.worldbank.org
    • catalog.ihsn.org
    Updated Sep 26, 2013
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    National Institute of Public Health (2013). National Health Survey 1998, Interim Demographic and Health Survey - Cambodia [Dataset]. https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/1636
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    Dataset updated
    Sep 26, 2013
    Dataset authored and provided by
    National Institute of Public Health
    Time period covered
    1998
    Area covered
    Cambodia
    Description

    Abstract

    The primary objective of the Cambodia National Health Survey is to provide the Ministry of Health with reliable, population-based, nationally representative data or infant/child mortality, fertility, and related health service indicators.

    A secondary objective was to provide the ADB-financed Basic Helath Services Project (BHSP) and the World Bank finaced Cambodia Disease Control and Health Development Project (CDCP) with baseline information about their respective Project areas, against which project impact could later be assessed.

    Geographic coverage

    National coverage

    Analysis unit

    Household Women age 15-49 Children under age 5

    Kind of data

    Sample survey data [ssd]

    Sampling procedure

    Sample Design and Selection The NHS sample was designed to provide estimates of kwy health indicators including infant/ child mortality rates and fertility rates for the country as a whole, for urban and rural residence, and for the two project catchment areas (the Basic Health Services Project and the Cambodia Disease Control and Health Development Project). In addition, the design allows for estimates of most key variables (but not for the vaccination coverage of children, fertility rates, or mortality rates) for 14 Provinces. In the other Provinces, the sample size is not sufficiently large to allow for province-level estimates. In order to provide sufficient cases to meet the survey objectives, the number of households selected in the NHS sample from each Province was disproportional to the size of the population in the Province. The above arrangements imply stratification into 40 strata, with 40 different sampling fractions. These strata are 20 Provinces, each divided into an urban and a rural sector. As a result, the NHS sample is self-weighting within strata; weights are only necessary when making estimates across more than one stratum.

    For a more complete description of the NHS sample design, see Appendix A of the survey final report.

    Mode of data collection

    Face-to-face [f2f]

    Research instrument

    The NHS involved two types of questionnaires: a household questionnaire and an individual questionnaire. The household questionnaire was administered to all selected households; the individual questionnaire was administered to all women aged 15-49 identified in the household questionnaire as either usual residents of the household or visitors who stayed there on the night before the day of interview. These questionnaires were developed to measure the desired indicators identified by the MOH and Technical Steering Committee. Wording and structure of the questionnaires, where applicable, was based on the model survey instruments Macro International has used in similar surveys worldwide.

    The household questionnaire consisted of three parts: 1) a household schedule giving demographic details of all usual household members and overnight visitors; 2) a series of questions relating to the utilization of health services for any household members who had been ill or injured in the past 30 days; and 3) questions about wall and roof materials of the home and household possessions, which in turn were used to compose a measure of overall household socio-economic status.

    The individual questionnaire administered to women aged 15-49 gathered detailed information about the woman's reproductive history, and maternal and child health related knowledge and practices. Questions specific to child health practices were limited to children born after January 1993. (i.e., children under age 5)

    The questionnaire was developed in English, translated into Khmer, then back translated and corrected. Following this, a three day pretest covering 100 households was conducted in Phnom Penh and rural Kandal Province by twenty interviewers after initial two week training. The questionnaires were finalized following the pretest.

    Cleaning operations

    Data Processing was conducted by NIPH with technical assistance form Macro International. The NIPH central office collected questionnaires form supervisors as soon as a cluster was completed. Office editors reviewed questionnaires for consistency and completeness. The data from the questionnaires were then entered and edited on microcomputers using the Integrated System for Survey Analysis (ISSA), a software package developed especially for such surveys by Macro International. During the machine entry, all questionnaires were reentered for verification. Entry and editing of data began one week after the fieldwork started and was completed by the beginning of August 1998. To provide feedback for the field teams, quality tables were produced every two weeks during the fieldwork. These tables were designed to identify major systematic errors in data collection (e.g. age displacement). The fieldwork coordinators reviewed these tables and, if they found a problem, notified and advised all teams of the steps to be taken to avoid this problem in the future.

    Response rate

    A total of 7,654 women were identified as eligible to be interviewed. Questionnaires were completed for 7,630 of those women, a response rate of 99.7 precent. There is a little difference between the household and individual response rates in urban and rural areas. The same is true for the two project areas.

    Sampling error estimates

    The estimate from a sample survey is affected by two types of errors: 1) nonsampling errors, and 2) sampling errors. Nonsampling errors are the results of mistake made in implementing data collection and data processing, such as failure to locate and interview the correct household, misunderstanding of the questions on the part of either the interviewer or the respondent, and data entry errors. Although numerous efforts were made during the implementation of the National Health Survey (NHS) to minimize this type of error, nonsampling errors are impossible to avoid and difficult to evaluate statistically.

    Sampling error, on the other hand, can be evaluated statistically. The sample of respondents selected in the NHS is only one of many samples that could have been selected from the same population, using the same design and expected size. Each of these samples would yield results that differ somewhat from the results of the actual sample selected. Sampling errors are a measure of the variability between all possible samples. Although the degree of variability is nor known exactly, it can be estimated from the survey results.

    A sampling error is usually measured in terms of the standard error for a particular statistic (mean, percentage, etc.), which is the square root of the variance. The standard error can be reasonably be assumed to fall. For example, for any given statistic calculated from a sample survey, the value of that statistics will fall within a range of plus or minus two times the standard error of that statistic in 95 percent of all possible sample of identical size and design.

    If the sample of respondents had been selected as a simple random sample, it would have been possible to use straightforward formulas for calculating sampling errors. However, the NHS sample is the result of a multi-stage stratified design and consequently, it was necessary to use more complex formulae. The computer software used to calculate sampling errors for the NHS is the ISSA Sampling Error Module. This module used the Taylor linearization method of variance estimation for survey estimates that are means of proportions. The Jackknife repeated replication method is used for variance estimation of more complex statistics such as fertility and mortality rates.

    For details of sampling error estimations information see Appendix B of the final survey report.

    Data appraisal

    Data Quality Tables - Household age distribution - Births by calendar year - Reporting of age at death in days - Reporting of age at death in months

    Note: See detailed tables in APPENDIX C of the survey report.

  12. N

    Ovid, CO Population Breakdown by Gender and Age Dataset: Male and Female...

    • neilsberg.com
    csv, json
    Updated Feb 24, 2025
    + more versions
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    Neilsberg Research (2025). Ovid, CO Population Breakdown by Gender and Age Dataset: Male and Female Population Distribution Across 18 Age Groups // 2025 Edition [Dataset]. https://www.neilsberg.com/insights/ovid-co-population-by-gender/
    Explore at:
    json, csvAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Feb 24, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Neilsberg Research
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Area covered
    Ovid, Colorado
    Variables measured
    Male and Female Population Under 5 Years, Male and Female Population over 85 years, Male and Female Population Between 5 and 9 years, Male and Female Population Between 10 and 14 years, Male and Female Population Between 15 and 19 years, Male and Female Population Between 20 and 24 years, Male and Female Population Between 25 and 29 years, Male and Female Population Between 30 and 34 years, Male and Female Population Between 35 and 39 years, Male and Female Population Between 40 and 44 years, and 8 more
    Measurement technique
    The data presented in this dataset is derived from the latest U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates. To measure the three variables, namely (a) Population (Male), (b) Population (Female), and (c) Gender Ratio (Males per 100 Females), we initially analyzed and categorized the data for each of the gender classifications (biological sex) reported by the US Census Bureau across 18 age groups, ranging from under 5 years to 85 years and above. These age groups are described above in the variables section. For further information regarding these estimates, please feel free to reach out to us via email at research@neilsberg.com.
    Dataset funded by
    Neilsberg Research
    Description
    About this dataset

    Context

    The dataset tabulates the population of Ovid by gender across 18 age groups. It lists the male and female population in each age group along with the gender ratio for Ovid. The dataset can be utilized to understand the population distribution of Ovid by gender and age. For example, using this dataset, we can identify the largest age group for both Men and Women in Ovid. Additionally, it can be used to see how the gender ratio changes from birth to senior most age group and male to female ratio across each age group for Ovid.

    Key observations

    Largest age group (population): Male # 15-19 years (26) | Female # 10-14 years (31). Source: U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

    Content

    When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

    Age groups:

    • Under 5 years
    • 5 to 9 years
    • 10 to 14 years
    • 15 to 19 years
    • 20 to 24 years
    • 25 to 29 years
    • 30 to 34 years
    • 35 to 39 years
    • 40 to 44 years
    • 45 to 49 years
    • 50 to 54 years
    • 55 to 59 years
    • 60 to 64 years
    • 65 to 69 years
    • 70 to 74 years
    • 75 to 79 years
    • 80 to 84 years
    • 85 years and over

    Scope of gender :

    Please note that American Community Survey asks a question about the respondents current sex, but not about gender, sexual orientation, or sex at birth. The question is intended to capture data for biological sex, not gender. Respondents are supposed to respond with the answer as either of Male or Female. Our research and this dataset mirrors the data reported as Male and Female for gender distribution analysis.

    Variables / Data Columns

    • Age Group: This column displays the age group for the Ovid population analysis. Total expected values are 18 and are define above in the age groups section.
    • Population (Male): The male population in the Ovid is shown in the following column.
    • Population (Female): The female population in the Ovid is shown in the following column.
    • Gender Ratio: Also known as the sex ratio, this column displays the number of males per 100 females in Ovid for each age group.

    Good to know

    Margin of Error

    Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

    Custom data

    If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

    Inspiration

    Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

    Recommended for further research

    This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Ovid Population by Gender. You can refer the same here

  13. N

    Ontario, OH Population Breakdown by Gender and Age

    • neilsberg.com
    csv, json
    Updated Sep 14, 2023
    + more versions
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    Neilsberg Research (2023). Ontario, OH Population Breakdown by Gender and Age [Dataset]. https://www.neilsberg.com/research/datasets/674bcb21-3d85-11ee-9abe-0aa64bf2eeb2/
    Explore at:
    csv, jsonAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Sep 14, 2023
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Neilsberg Research
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Area covered
    Ontario
    Variables measured
    Male and Female Population Under 5 Years, Male and Female Population over 85 years, Male and Female Population Between 5 and 9 years, Male and Female Population Between 10 and 14 years, Male and Female Population Between 15 and 19 years, Male and Female Population Between 20 and 24 years, Male and Female Population Between 25 and 29 years, Male and Female Population Between 30 and 34 years, Male and Female Population Between 35 and 39 years, Male and Female Population Between 40 and 44 years, and 8 more
    Measurement technique
    The data presented in this dataset is derived from the latest U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2017-2021 5-Year Estimates. To measure the three variables, namely (a) Population (Male), (b) Population (Female), and (c) Gender Ratio (Males per 100 Females), we initially analyzed and categorized the data for each of the gender classifications (biological sex) reported by the US Census Bureau across 18 age groups, ranging from under 5 years to 85 years and above. These age groups are described above in the variables section. For further information regarding these estimates, please feel free to reach out to us via email at research@neilsberg.com.
    Dataset funded by
    Neilsberg Research
    Description
    About this dataset

    Context

    The dataset tabulates the population of Ontario by gender across 18 age groups. It lists the male and female population in each age group along with the gender ratio for Ontario. The dataset can be utilized to understand the population distribution of Ontario by gender and age. For example, using this dataset, we can identify the largest age group for both Men and Women in Ontario. Additionally, it can be used to see how the gender ratio changes from birth to senior most age group and male to female ratio across each age group for Ontario.

    Key observations

    Largest age group (population): Male # 55-59 years (379) | Female # 60-64 years (448). Source: U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2017-2021 5-Year Estimates.

    Content

    When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2017-2021 5-Year Estimates.

    Age groups:

    • Under 5 years
    • 5 to 9 years
    • 10 to 14 years
    • 15 to 19 years
    • 20 to 24 years
    • 25 to 29 years
    • 30 to 34 years
    • 35 to 39 years
    • 40 to 44 years
    • 45 to 49 years
    • 50 to 54 years
    • 55 to 59 years
    • 60 to 64 years
    • 65 to 69 years
    • 70 to 74 years
    • 75 to 79 years
    • 80 to 84 years
    • 85 years and over

    Scope of gender :

    Please note that American Community Survey asks a question about the respondents current sex, but not about gender, sexual orientation, or sex at birth. The question is intended to capture data for biological sex, not gender. Respondents are supposed to respond with the answer as either of Male or Female. Our research and this dataset mirrors the data reported as Male and Female for gender distribution analysis.

    Variables / Data Columns

    • Age Group: This column displays the age group for the Ontario population analysis. Total expected values are 18 and are define above in the age groups section.
    • Population (Male): The male population in the Ontario is shown in the following column.
    • Population (Female): The female population in the Ontario is shown in the following column.
    • Gender Ratio: Also known as the sex ratio, this column displays the number of males per 100 females in Ontario for each age group.

    Good to know

    Margin of Error

    Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

    Custom data

    If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

    Inspiration

    Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

    Recommended for further research

    This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Ontario Population by Gender. You can refer the same here

  14. N

    La Vista, NE Population Breakdown by Gender and Age Dataset: Male and Female...

    • neilsberg.com
    csv, json
    Updated Feb 24, 2025
    + more versions
    Share
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    Neilsberg Research (2025). La Vista, NE Population Breakdown by Gender and Age Dataset: Male and Female Population Distribution Across 18 Age Groups // 2025 Edition [Dataset]. https://www.neilsberg.com/research/datasets/e1eaca37-f25d-11ef-8c1b-3860777c1fe6/
    Explore at:
    json, csvAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Feb 24, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Neilsberg Research
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Area covered
    La Vista, Nebraska
    Variables measured
    Male and Female Population Under 5 Years, Male and Female Population over 85 years, Male and Female Population Between 5 and 9 years, Male and Female Population Between 10 and 14 years, Male and Female Population Between 15 and 19 years, Male and Female Population Between 20 and 24 years, Male and Female Population Between 25 and 29 years, Male and Female Population Between 30 and 34 years, Male and Female Population Between 35 and 39 years, Male and Female Population Between 40 and 44 years, and 8 more
    Measurement technique
    The data presented in this dataset is derived from the latest U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates. To measure the three variables, namely (a) Population (Male), (b) Population (Female), and (c) Gender Ratio (Males per 100 Females), we initially analyzed and categorized the data for each of the gender classifications (biological sex) reported by the US Census Bureau across 18 age groups, ranging from under 5 years to 85 years and above. These age groups are described above in the variables section. For further information regarding these estimates, please feel free to reach out to us via email at research@neilsberg.com.
    Dataset funded by
    Neilsberg Research
    Description
    About this dataset

    Context

    The dataset tabulates the population of La Vista by gender across 18 age groups. It lists the male and female population in each age group along with the gender ratio for La Vista. The dataset can be utilized to understand the population distribution of La Vista by gender and age. For example, using this dataset, we can identify the largest age group for both Men and Women in La Vista. Additionally, it can be used to see how the gender ratio changes from birth to senior most age group and male to female ratio across each age group for La Vista.

    Key observations

    Largest age group (population): Male # 30-34 years (736) | Female # 45-49 years (823). Source: U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

    Content

    When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

    Age groups:

    • Under 5 years
    • 5 to 9 years
    • 10 to 14 years
    • 15 to 19 years
    • 20 to 24 years
    • 25 to 29 years
    • 30 to 34 years
    • 35 to 39 years
    • 40 to 44 years
    • 45 to 49 years
    • 50 to 54 years
    • 55 to 59 years
    • 60 to 64 years
    • 65 to 69 years
    • 70 to 74 years
    • 75 to 79 years
    • 80 to 84 years
    • 85 years and over

    Scope of gender :

    Please note that American Community Survey asks a question about the respondents current sex, but not about gender, sexual orientation, or sex at birth. The question is intended to capture data for biological sex, not gender. Respondents are supposed to respond with the answer as either of Male or Female. Our research and this dataset mirrors the data reported as Male and Female for gender distribution analysis.

    Variables / Data Columns

    • Age Group: This column displays the age group for the La Vista population analysis. Total expected values are 18 and are define above in the age groups section.
    • Population (Male): The male population in the La Vista is shown in the following column.
    • Population (Female): The female population in the La Vista is shown in the following column.
    • Gender Ratio: Also known as the sex ratio, this column displays the number of males per 100 females in La Vista for each age group.

    Good to know

    Margin of Error

    Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

    Custom data

    If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

    Inspiration

    Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

    Recommended for further research

    This dataset is a part of the main dataset for La Vista Population by Gender. You can refer the same here

  15. N

    Seaside, OR Population Breakdown by Gender and Age Dataset: Male and Female...

    • neilsberg.com
    csv, json
    Updated Feb 24, 2025
    Share
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    Cite
    Neilsberg Research (2025). Seaside, OR Population Breakdown by Gender and Age Dataset: Male and Female Population Distribution Across 18 Age Groups // 2025 Edition [Dataset]. https://www.neilsberg.com/research/datasets/e1feef7d-f25d-11ef-8c1b-3860777c1fe6/
    Explore at:
    csv, jsonAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Feb 24, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Neilsberg Research
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Area covered
    Oregon, Seaside
    Variables measured
    Male and Female Population Under 5 Years, Male and Female Population over 85 years, Male and Female Population Between 5 and 9 years, Male and Female Population Between 10 and 14 years, Male and Female Population Between 15 and 19 years, Male and Female Population Between 20 and 24 years, Male and Female Population Between 25 and 29 years, Male and Female Population Between 30 and 34 years, Male and Female Population Between 35 and 39 years, Male and Female Population Between 40 and 44 years, and 8 more
    Measurement technique
    The data presented in this dataset is derived from the latest U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates. To measure the three variables, namely (a) Population (Male), (b) Population (Female), and (c) Gender Ratio (Males per 100 Females), we initially analyzed and categorized the data for each of the gender classifications (biological sex) reported by the US Census Bureau across 18 age groups, ranging from under 5 years to 85 years and above. These age groups are described above in the variables section. For further information regarding these estimates, please feel free to reach out to us via email at research@neilsberg.com.
    Dataset funded by
    Neilsberg Research
    Description
    About this dataset

    Context

    The dataset tabulates the population of Seaside by gender across 18 age groups. It lists the male and female population in each age group along with the gender ratio for Seaside. The dataset can be utilized to understand the population distribution of Seaside by gender and age. For example, using this dataset, we can identify the largest age group for both Men and Women in Seaside. Additionally, it can be used to see how the gender ratio changes from birth to senior most age group and male to female ratio across each age group for Seaside.

    Key observations

    Largest age group (population): Male # 50-54 years (409) | Female # 60-64 years (503). Source: U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

    Content

    When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

    Age groups:

    • Under 5 years
    • 5 to 9 years
    • 10 to 14 years
    • 15 to 19 years
    • 20 to 24 years
    • 25 to 29 years
    • 30 to 34 years
    • 35 to 39 years
    • 40 to 44 years
    • 45 to 49 years
    • 50 to 54 years
    • 55 to 59 years
    • 60 to 64 years
    • 65 to 69 years
    • 70 to 74 years
    • 75 to 79 years
    • 80 to 84 years
    • 85 years and over

    Scope of gender :

    Please note that American Community Survey asks a question about the respondents current sex, but not about gender, sexual orientation, or sex at birth. The question is intended to capture data for biological sex, not gender. Respondents are supposed to respond with the answer as either of Male or Female. Our research and this dataset mirrors the data reported as Male and Female for gender distribution analysis.

    Variables / Data Columns

    • Age Group: This column displays the age group for the Seaside population analysis. Total expected values are 18 and are define above in the age groups section.
    • Population (Male): The male population in the Seaside is shown in the following column.
    • Population (Female): The female population in the Seaside is shown in the following column.
    • Gender Ratio: Also known as the sex ratio, this column displays the number of males per 100 females in Seaside for each age group.

    Good to know

    Margin of Error

    Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

    Custom data

    If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

    Inspiration

    Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

    Recommended for further research

    This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Seaside Population by Gender. You can refer the same here

  16. N

    Mountain View, MO Population Breakdown by Gender and Age Dataset: Male and...

    • neilsberg.com
    csv, json
    Updated Feb 24, 2025
    + more versions
    Share
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    Cite
    Neilsberg Research (2025). Mountain View, MO Population Breakdown by Gender and Age Dataset: Male and Female Population Distribution Across 18 Age Groups // 2025 Edition [Dataset]. https://www.neilsberg.com/insights/mountain-view-mo-population-by-gender/
    Explore at:
    csv, jsonAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Feb 24, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Neilsberg Research
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Area covered
    Missouri, Mountain View
    Variables measured
    Male and Female Population Under 5 Years, Male and Female Population over 85 years, Male and Female Population Between 5 and 9 years, Male and Female Population Between 10 and 14 years, Male and Female Population Between 15 and 19 years, Male and Female Population Between 20 and 24 years, Male and Female Population Between 25 and 29 years, Male and Female Population Between 30 and 34 years, Male and Female Population Between 35 and 39 years, Male and Female Population Between 40 and 44 years, and 8 more
    Measurement technique
    The data presented in this dataset is derived from the latest U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates. To measure the three variables, namely (a) Population (Male), (b) Population (Female), and (c) Gender Ratio (Males per 100 Females), we initially analyzed and categorized the data for each of the gender classifications (biological sex) reported by the US Census Bureau across 18 age groups, ranging from under 5 years to 85 years and above. These age groups are described above in the variables section. For further information regarding these estimates, please feel free to reach out to us via email at research@neilsberg.com.
    Dataset funded by
    Neilsberg Research
    Description
    About this dataset

    Context

    The dataset tabulates the population of Mountain View by gender across 18 age groups. It lists the male and female population in each age group along with the gender ratio for Mountain View. The dataset can be utilized to understand the population distribution of Mountain View by gender and age. For example, using this dataset, we can identify the largest age group for both Men and Women in Mountain View. Additionally, it can be used to see how the gender ratio changes from birth to senior most age group and male to female ratio across each age group for Mountain View.

    Key observations

    Largest age group (population): Male # 35-39 years (165) | Female # 50-54 years (180). Source: U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

    Content

    When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

    Age groups:

    • Under 5 years
    • 5 to 9 years
    • 10 to 14 years
    • 15 to 19 years
    • 20 to 24 years
    • 25 to 29 years
    • 30 to 34 years
    • 35 to 39 years
    • 40 to 44 years
    • 45 to 49 years
    • 50 to 54 years
    • 55 to 59 years
    • 60 to 64 years
    • 65 to 69 years
    • 70 to 74 years
    • 75 to 79 years
    • 80 to 84 years
    • 85 years and over

    Scope of gender :

    Please note that American Community Survey asks a question about the respondents current sex, but not about gender, sexual orientation, or sex at birth. The question is intended to capture data for biological sex, not gender. Respondents are supposed to respond with the answer as either of Male or Female. Our research and this dataset mirrors the data reported as Male and Female for gender distribution analysis.

    Variables / Data Columns

    • Age Group: This column displays the age group for the Mountain View population analysis. Total expected values are 18 and are define above in the age groups section.
    • Population (Male): The male population in the Mountain View is shown in the following column.
    • Population (Female): The female population in the Mountain View is shown in the following column.
    • Gender Ratio: Also known as the sex ratio, this column displays the number of males per 100 females in Mountain View for each age group.

    Good to know

    Margin of Error

    Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

    Custom data

    If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

    Inspiration

    Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

    Recommended for further research

    This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Mountain View Population by Gender. You can refer the same here

  17. N

    Jordan Valley, OR Population Breakdown by Gender and Age Dataset: Male and...

    • neilsberg.com
    csv, json
    Updated Feb 24, 2025
    + more versions
    Share
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    Close
    Cite
    Neilsberg Research (2025). Jordan Valley, OR Population Breakdown by Gender and Age Dataset: Male and Female Population Distribution Across 18 Age Groups // 2025 Edition [Dataset]. https://www.neilsberg.com/insights/jordan-valley-or-population-by-gender/
    Explore at:
    csv, jsonAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Feb 24, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Neilsberg Research
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Area covered
    Jordan Valley
    Variables measured
    Male and Female Population Under 5 Years, Male and Female Population over 85 years, Male and Female Population Between 5 and 9 years, Male and Female Population Between 10 and 14 years, Male and Female Population Between 15 and 19 years, Male and Female Population Between 20 and 24 years, Male and Female Population Between 25 and 29 years, Male and Female Population Between 30 and 34 years, Male and Female Population Between 35 and 39 years, Male and Female Population Between 40 and 44 years, and 8 more
    Measurement technique
    The data presented in this dataset is derived from the latest U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates. To measure the three variables, namely (a) Population (Male), (b) Population (Female), and (c) Gender Ratio (Males per 100 Females), we initially analyzed and categorized the data for each of the gender classifications (biological sex) reported by the US Census Bureau across 18 age groups, ranging from under 5 years to 85 years and above. These age groups are described above in the variables section. For further information regarding these estimates, please feel free to reach out to us via email at research@neilsberg.com.
    Dataset funded by
    Neilsberg Research
    Description
    About this dataset

    Context

    The dataset tabulates the population of Jordan Valley by gender across 18 age groups. It lists the male and female population in each age group along with the gender ratio for Jordan Valley. The dataset can be utilized to understand the population distribution of Jordan Valley by gender and age. For example, using this dataset, we can identify the largest age group for both Men and Women in Jordan Valley. Additionally, it can be used to see how the gender ratio changes from birth to senior most age group and male to female ratio across each age group for Jordan Valley.

    Key observations

    Largest age group (population): Male # 45-49 years (43) | Female # 45-49 years (18). Source: U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

    Content

    When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

    Age groups:

    • Under 5 years
    • 5 to 9 years
    • 10 to 14 years
    • 15 to 19 years
    • 20 to 24 years
    • 25 to 29 years
    • 30 to 34 years
    • 35 to 39 years
    • 40 to 44 years
    • 45 to 49 years
    • 50 to 54 years
    • 55 to 59 years
    • 60 to 64 years
    • 65 to 69 years
    • 70 to 74 years
    • 75 to 79 years
    • 80 to 84 years
    • 85 years and over

    Scope of gender :

    Please note that American Community Survey asks a question about the respondents current sex, but not about gender, sexual orientation, or sex at birth. The question is intended to capture data for biological sex, not gender. Respondents are supposed to respond with the answer as either of Male or Female. Our research and this dataset mirrors the data reported as Male and Female for gender distribution analysis.

    Variables / Data Columns

    • Age Group: This column displays the age group for the Jordan Valley population analysis. Total expected values are 18 and are define above in the age groups section.
    • Population (Male): The male population in the Jordan Valley is shown in the following column.
    • Population (Female): The female population in the Jordan Valley is shown in the following column.
    • Gender Ratio: Also known as the sex ratio, this column displays the number of males per 100 females in Jordan Valley for each age group.

    Good to know

    Margin of Error

    Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

    Custom data

    If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

    Inspiration

    Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

    Recommended for further research

    This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Jordan Valley Population by Gender. You can refer the same here

  18. N

    North Star, OH Population Breakdown by Gender and Age Dataset: Male and...

    • neilsberg.com
    csv, json
    Updated Feb 24, 2025
    + more versions
    Share
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    Close
    Cite
    Neilsberg Research (2025). North Star, OH Population Breakdown by Gender and Age Dataset: Male and Female Population Distribution Across 18 Age Groups // 2025 Edition [Dataset]. https://www.neilsberg.com/research/datasets/e1f5a1a4-f25d-11ef-8c1b-3860777c1fe6/
    Explore at:
    json, csvAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Feb 24, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Neilsberg Research
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Area covered
    North Star
    Variables measured
    Male and Female Population Under 5 Years, Male and Female Population over 85 years, Male and Female Population Between 5 and 9 years, Male and Female Population Between 10 and 14 years, Male and Female Population Between 15 and 19 years, Male and Female Population Between 20 and 24 years, Male and Female Population Between 25 and 29 years, Male and Female Population Between 30 and 34 years, Male and Female Population Between 35 and 39 years, Male and Female Population Between 40 and 44 years, and 8 more
    Measurement technique
    The data presented in this dataset is derived from the latest U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates. To measure the three variables, namely (a) Population (Male), (b) Population (Female), and (c) Gender Ratio (Males per 100 Females), we initially analyzed and categorized the data for each of the gender classifications (biological sex) reported by the US Census Bureau across 18 age groups, ranging from under 5 years to 85 years and above. These age groups are described above in the variables section. For further information regarding these estimates, please feel free to reach out to us via email at research@neilsberg.com.
    Dataset funded by
    Neilsberg Research
    Description
    About this dataset

    Context

    The dataset tabulates the population of North Star by gender across 18 age groups. It lists the male and female population in each age group along with the gender ratio for North Star. The dataset can be utilized to understand the population distribution of North Star by gender and age. For example, using this dataset, we can identify the largest age group for both Men and Women in North Star. Additionally, it can be used to see how the gender ratio changes from birth to senior most age group and male to female ratio across each age group for North Star.

    Key observations

    Largest age group (population): Male # 0-4 years (27) | Female # 30-34 years (12). Source: U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

    Content

    When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

    Age groups:

    • Under 5 years
    • 5 to 9 years
    • 10 to 14 years
    • 15 to 19 years
    • 20 to 24 years
    • 25 to 29 years
    • 30 to 34 years
    • 35 to 39 years
    • 40 to 44 years
    • 45 to 49 years
    • 50 to 54 years
    • 55 to 59 years
    • 60 to 64 years
    • 65 to 69 years
    • 70 to 74 years
    • 75 to 79 years
    • 80 to 84 years
    • 85 years and over

    Scope of gender :

    Please note that American Community Survey asks a question about the respondents current sex, but not about gender, sexual orientation, or sex at birth. The question is intended to capture data for biological sex, not gender. Respondents are supposed to respond with the answer as either of Male or Female. Our research and this dataset mirrors the data reported as Male and Female for gender distribution analysis.

    Variables / Data Columns

    • Age Group: This column displays the age group for the North Star population analysis. Total expected values are 18 and are define above in the age groups section.
    • Population (Male): The male population in the North Star is shown in the following column.
    • Population (Female): The female population in the North Star is shown in the following column.
    • Gender Ratio: Also known as the sex ratio, this column displays the number of males per 100 females in North Star for each age group.

    Good to know

    Margin of Error

    Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

    Custom data

    If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

    Inspiration

    Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

    Recommended for further research

    This dataset is a part of the main dataset for North Star Population by Gender. You can refer the same here

  19. N

    Minturn, AR Population Breakdown by Gender and Age Dataset: Male and Female...

    • neilsberg.com
    csv, json
    Updated Feb 24, 2025
    + more versions
    Share
    FacebookFacebook
    TwitterTwitter
    Email
    Click to copy link
    Link copied
    Close
    Cite
    Neilsberg Research (2025). Minturn, AR Population Breakdown by Gender and Age Dataset: Male and Female Population Distribution Across 18 Age Groups // 2025 Edition [Dataset]. https://www.neilsberg.com/insights/minturn-ar-population-by-gender/
    Explore at:
    csv, jsonAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Feb 24, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Neilsberg Research
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Area covered
    Minturn
    Variables measured
    Male and Female Population Under 5 Years, Male and Female Population over 85 years, Male and Female Population Between 5 and 9 years, Male and Female Population Between 10 and 14 years, Male and Female Population Between 15 and 19 years, Male and Female Population Between 20 and 24 years, Male and Female Population Between 25 and 29 years, Male and Female Population Between 30 and 34 years, Male and Female Population Between 35 and 39 years, Male and Female Population Between 40 and 44 years, and 8 more
    Measurement technique
    The data presented in this dataset is derived from the latest U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates. To measure the three variables, namely (a) Population (Male), (b) Population (Female), and (c) Gender Ratio (Males per 100 Females), we initially analyzed and categorized the data for each of the gender classifications (biological sex) reported by the US Census Bureau across 18 age groups, ranging from under 5 years to 85 years and above. These age groups are described above in the variables section. For further information regarding these estimates, please feel free to reach out to us via email at research@neilsberg.com.
    Dataset funded by
    Neilsberg Research
    Description
    About this dataset

    Context

    The dataset tabulates the population of Minturn by gender across 18 age groups. It lists the male and female population in each age group along with the gender ratio for Minturn. The dataset can be utilized to understand the population distribution of Minturn by gender and age. For example, using this dataset, we can identify the largest age group for both Men and Women in Minturn. Additionally, it can be used to see how the gender ratio changes from birth to senior most age group and male to female ratio across each age group for Minturn.

    Key observations

    Largest age group (population): Male # 10-14 years (8) | Female # 35-39 years (9). Source: U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

    Content

    When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

    Age groups:

    • Under 5 years
    • 5 to 9 years
    • 10 to 14 years
    • 15 to 19 years
    • 20 to 24 years
    • 25 to 29 years
    • 30 to 34 years
    • 35 to 39 years
    • 40 to 44 years
    • 45 to 49 years
    • 50 to 54 years
    • 55 to 59 years
    • 60 to 64 years
    • 65 to 69 years
    • 70 to 74 years
    • 75 to 79 years
    • 80 to 84 years
    • 85 years and over

    Scope of gender :

    Please note that American Community Survey asks a question about the respondents current sex, but not about gender, sexual orientation, or sex at birth. The question is intended to capture data for biological sex, not gender. Respondents are supposed to respond with the answer as either of Male or Female. Our research and this dataset mirrors the data reported as Male and Female for gender distribution analysis.

    Variables / Data Columns

    • Age Group: This column displays the age group for the Minturn population analysis. Total expected values are 18 and are define above in the age groups section.
    • Population (Male): The male population in the Minturn is shown in the following column.
    • Population (Female): The female population in the Minturn is shown in the following column.
    • Gender Ratio: Also known as the sex ratio, this column displays the number of males per 100 females in Minturn for each age group.

    Good to know

    Margin of Error

    Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

    Custom data

    If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

    Inspiration

    Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

    Recommended for further research

    This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Minturn Population by Gender. You can refer the same here

  20. N

    Oak Harbor, OH Population Breakdown by Gender and Age Dataset: Male and...

    • neilsberg.com
    csv, json
    Updated Feb 24, 2025
    + more versions
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    Neilsberg Research (2025). Oak Harbor, OH Population Breakdown by Gender and Age Dataset: Male and Female Population Distribution Across 18 Age Groups // 2025 Edition [Dataset]. https://www.neilsberg.com/insights/oak-harbor-oh-population-by-gender/
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    csv, jsonAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Feb 24, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Neilsberg Research
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Area covered
    Oak Harbor, Ohio
    Variables measured
    Male and Female Population Under 5 Years, Male and Female Population over 85 years, Male and Female Population Between 5 and 9 years, Male and Female Population Between 10 and 14 years, Male and Female Population Between 15 and 19 years, Male and Female Population Between 20 and 24 years, Male and Female Population Between 25 and 29 years, Male and Female Population Between 30 and 34 years, Male and Female Population Between 35 and 39 years, Male and Female Population Between 40 and 44 years, and 8 more
    Measurement technique
    The data presented in this dataset is derived from the latest U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates. To measure the three variables, namely (a) Population (Male), (b) Population (Female), and (c) Gender Ratio (Males per 100 Females), we initially analyzed and categorized the data for each of the gender classifications (biological sex) reported by the US Census Bureau across 18 age groups, ranging from under 5 years to 85 years and above. These age groups are described above in the variables section. For further information regarding these estimates, please feel free to reach out to us via email at research@neilsberg.com.
    Dataset funded by
    Neilsberg Research
    Description
    About this dataset

    Context

    The dataset tabulates the population of Oak Harbor by gender across 18 age groups. It lists the male and female population in each age group along with the gender ratio for Oak Harbor. The dataset can be utilized to understand the population distribution of Oak Harbor by gender and age. For example, using this dataset, we can identify the largest age group for both Men and Women in Oak Harbor. Additionally, it can be used to see how the gender ratio changes from birth to senior most age group and male to female ratio across each age group for Oak Harbor.

    Key observations

    Largest age group (population): Male # 25-29 years (215) | Female # 60-64 years (183). Source: U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

    Content

    When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

    Age groups:

    • Under 5 years
    • 5 to 9 years
    • 10 to 14 years
    • 15 to 19 years
    • 20 to 24 years
    • 25 to 29 years
    • 30 to 34 years
    • 35 to 39 years
    • 40 to 44 years
    • 45 to 49 years
    • 50 to 54 years
    • 55 to 59 years
    • 60 to 64 years
    • 65 to 69 years
    • 70 to 74 years
    • 75 to 79 years
    • 80 to 84 years
    • 85 years and over

    Scope of gender :

    Please note that American Community Survey asks a question about the respondents current sex, but not about gender, sexual orientation, or sex at birth. The question is intended to capture data for biological sex, not gender. Respondents are supposed to respond with the answer as either of Male or Female. Our research and this dataset mirrors the data reported as Male and Female for gender distribution analysis.

    Variables / Data Columns

    • Age Group: This column displays the age group for the Oak Harbor population analysis. Total expected values are 18 and are define above in the age groups section.
    • Population (Male): The male population in the Oak Harbor is shown in the following column.
    • Population (Female): The female population in the Oak Harbor is shown in the following column.
    • Gender Ratio: Also known as the sex ratio, this column displays the number of males per 100 females in Oak Harbor for each age group.

    Good to know

    Margin of Error

    Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

    Custom data

    If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

    Inspiration

    Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

    Recommended for further research

    This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Oak Harbor Population by Gender. You can refer the same here

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Ghana Statistical Service (GSS) (2017). Demographic and Health Survey 1998 - Ghana [Dataset]. https://catalog.ihsn.org/catalog/50

Demographic and Health Survey 1998 - Ghana

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17 scholarly articles cite this dataset (View in Google Scholar)
Dataset updated
Jul 6, 2017
Dataset authored and provided by
Ghana Statistical Service (GSS)
Time period covered
1998 - 1999
Area covered
Ghana
Description

Abstract

The 1998 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS) is the latest in a series of national-level population and health surveys conducted in Ghana and it is part of the worldwide MEASURE DHS+ Project, designed to collect data on fertility, family planning, and maternal and child health.

The primary objective of the 1998 GDHS is to provide current and reliable data on fertility and family planning behaviour, child mortality, children’s nutritional status, and the utilisation of maternal and child health services in Ghana. Additional data on knowledge of HIV/AIDS are also provided. This information is essential for informed policy decisions, planning and monitoring and evaluation of programmes at both the national and local government levels.

The long-term objectives of the survey include strengthening the technical capacity of the Ghana Statistical Service (GSS) to plan, conduct, process, and analyse the results of complex national sample surveys. Moreover, the 1998 GDHS provides comparable data for long-term trend analyses within Ghana, since it is the third in a series of demographic and health surveys implemented by the same organisation, using similar data collection procedures. The GDHS also contributes to the ever-growing international database on demographic and health-related variables.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

  • Household
  • Children under five years
  • Women age 15-49
  • Men age 15-59

Kind of data

Sample survey data

Sampling procedure

The major focus of the 1998 GDHS was to provide updated estimates of important population and health indicators including fertility and mortality rates for the country as a whole and for urban and rural areas separately. In addition, the sample was designed to provide estimates of key variables for the ten regions in the country.

The list of Enumeration Areas (EAs) with population and household information from the 1984 Population Census was used as the sampling frame for the survey. The 1998 GDHS is based on a two-stage stratified nationally representative sample of households. At the first stage of sampling, 400 EAs were selected using systematic sampling with probability proportional to size (PPS-Method). The selected EAs comprised 138 in the urban areas and 262 in the rural areas. A complete household listing operation was then carried out in all the selected EAs to provide a sampling frame for the second stage selection of households. At the second stage of sampling, a systematic sample of 15 households per EA was selected in all regions, except in the Northern, Upper West and Upper East Regions. In order to obtain adequate numbers of households to provide reliable estimates of key demographic and health variables in these three regions, the number of households in each selected EA in the Northern, Upper West and Upper East regions was increased to 20. The sample was weighted to adjust for over sampling in the three northern regions (Northern, Upper East and Upper West), in relation to the other regions. Sample weights were used to compensate for the unequal probability of selection between geographically defined strata.

The survey was designed to obtain completed interviews of 4,500 women age 15-49. In addition, all males age 15-59 in every third selected household were interviewed, to obtain a target of 1,500 men. In order to take cognisance of non-response, a total of 6,375 households nation-wide were selected.

Note: See detailed description of sample design in APPENDIX A of the survey report.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face

Research instrument

Three types of questionnaires were used in the GDHS: the Household Questionnaire, the Women’s Questionnaire, and the Men’s Questionnaire. These questionnaires were based on model survey instruments developed for the international MEASURE DHS+ programme and were designed to provide information needed by health and family planning programme managers and policy makers. The questionnaires were adapted to the situation in Ghana and a number of questions pertaining to on-going health and family planning programmes were added. These questionnaires were developed in English and translated into five major local languages (Akan, Ga, Ewe, Hausa, and Dagbani).

The Household Questionnaire was used to enumerate all usual members and visitors in a selected household and to collect information on the socio-economic status of the household. The first part of the Household Questionnaire collected information on the relationship to the household head, residence, sex, age, marital status, and education of each usual resident or visitor. This information was used to identify women and men who were eligible for the individual interview. For this purpose, all women age 15-49, and all men age 15-59 in every third household, whether usual residents of a selected household or visitors who slept in a selected household the night before the interview, were deemed eligible and interviewed. The Household Questionnaire also provides basic demographic data for Ghanaian households. The second part of the Household Questionnaire contained questions on the dwelling unit, such as the number of rooms, the flooring material, the source of water and the type of toilet facilities, and on the ownership of a variety of consumer goods.

The Women’s Questionnaire was used to collect information on the following topics: respondent’s background characteristics, reproductive history, contraceptive knowledge and use, antenatal, delivery and postnatal care, infant feeding practices, child immunisation and health, marriage, fertility preferences and attitudes about family planning, husband’s background characteristics, women’s work, knowledge of HIV/AIDS and STDs, as well as anthropometric measurements of children and mothers.

The Men’s Questionnaire collected information on respondent’s background characteristics, reproduction, contraceptive knowledge and use, marriage, fertility preferences and attitudes about family planning, as well as knowledge of HIV/AIDS and STDs.

Response rate

A total of 6,375 households were selected for the GDHS sample. Of these, 6,055 were occupied. Interviews were completed for 6,003 households, which represent 99 percent of the occupied households. A total of 4,970 eligible women from these households and 1,596 eligible men from every third household were identified for the individual interviews. Interviews were successfully completed for 4,843 women or 97 percent and 1,546 men or 97 percent. The principal reason for nonresponse among individual women and men was the failure of interviewers to find them at home despite repeated callbacks.

Note: See summarized response rates by place of residence in Table 1.1 of the survey report.

Sampling error estimates

The estimates from a sample survey are affected by two types of errors: (1) nonsampling errors, and (2) sampling errors. Nonsampling errors are the results of shortfalls made in implementing data collection and data processing, such as failure to locate and interview the correct household, misunderstanding of the questions on the part of either the interviewer or the respondent, and data entry errors. Although numerous efforts were made during the implementation of the 1998 GDHS to minimize this type of error, nonsampling errors are impossible to avoid and difficult to evaluate statistically.

Sampling errors, on the other hand, can be evaluated statistically. The sample of respondents selected in the 1998 GDHS is only one of many samples that could have been selected from the same population, using the same design and expected size. Each of these samples would yield results that differ somewhat from the results of the actual sample selected. Sampling errors are a measure of the variability between all possible samples. Although the degree of variability is not known exactly, it can be estimated from the survey results.

A sampling error is usually measured in terms of the standard error for a particular statistic (mean, percentage, etc.), which is the square root of the variance. The standard error can be used to calculate confidence intervals within which the true value for the population can reasonably be assumed to fall. For example, for any given statistic calculated from a sample survey, the value of that statistic will fall within a range of plus or minus two times the standard error of that statistic in 95 percent of all possible samples of identical size and design.

If the sample of respondents had been selected as a simple random sample, it would have been possible to use straightforward formulas for calculating sampling errors. However, the 1998 GDHS sample is the result of a two-stage stratified design, and, consequently, it was necessary to use more complex formulae. The computer software used to calculate sampling errors for the 1998 GDHS is the ISSA Sampling Error Module. This module uses the Taylor linearization method of variance estimation for survey estimates that are means or proportions. The Jackknife repeated replication method is used for variance estimation of more complex statistics such as fertility and mortality rates.

Data appraisal

Data Quality Tables - Household age distribution - Age distribution of eligible and interviewed women - Age distribution of eligible and interviewed men - Completeness of reporting - Births by calendar years - Reporting of age at death in days - Reporting of age at death in months

Note: See detailed tables in APPENDIX C of the survey report.

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