The Agricultural Price Index (API) is a monthly publication that measures the price changes in agricultural outputs and inputs for the UK. The output series reflects the price farmers receive for their products (referred to as the farm-gate price). Information is collected for all major crops (for example wheat and potatoes) and on livestock and livestock products (for example sheep, milk and eggs). The input series reflects the price farmers pay for goods and services. This is split into two groups: goods and services currently consumed; and goods and services contributing to investment. Goods and services currently consumed refer to items that are used up in the production process, for example fertiliser, or seed. Goods and services contributing to investment relate to items that are required but not consumed in the production process, such as tractors or buildings.
A price index is a way of measuring relative price changes compared to a reference point or base year which is given a value of 100. The year used as the base year needs to be updated over time to reflect changing market trends. The latest data are presented with a base year of 2020 = 100. To maintain continuity with the current API time series, the UK continues to use standardised methodology adopted across the EU. Details of this internationally recognised methodology are described in the https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-manuals-and-guidelines/-/ks-bh-02-003" class="govuk-link">Handbook for EU agricultural price statistics.
Please note: The historical time series with base years 2000 = 100, 2005 = 100, 2010 = 100 and 2015 = 100 are not updated monthly and presented for archive purposes only. Each file gives the date the series was last updated.
For those commodities where farm-gate prices are currently unavailable we use the best proxy data that are available (for example wholesale prices). Similarly, calculations are based on UK prices where possible but sometimes we cannot obtain these. In such cases prices for Great Britain, England and Wales or England are used instead.
Next update: see the statistics release calendar.
Defra statistics: prices
Email mailto:prices@defra.gov.uk">prices@defra.gov.uk
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The API is a measure of the monthly price changes in agricultural outputs and inputs for the UK. The output series reflects the price farmers receive for their products, also referred to as farm gate price. Information is collected for all major crops (for example wheat and potatoes) and on livestock and livestock products (for example sheep, milk and eggs). The input series reflects the price farmers pay for goods and services. This is split into two groups: goods and services currently consumed; and goods and services contributing to investment. Goods and services currently consumed refer to items that are used up in the production process, for example fertiliser, or seed. Goods and services contributing to investment relate to items that are required but not consumed in the production process, such as tractors or buildings.
The current indices are based on the year 2015 =100. The methodology used is standardised across EU member states and is described in the https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/inflationandpriceindices/methodologies/consumerpricesindicestechnicalmanual2019?:uri=economy/inflationandpriceindices/methodologies/consumerpricesindicestechnicalmanual2019#:~:text=The%20Technical%20Manual%20is%20a,Retail%20Prices%20Index%20(RPI)" class="govuk-link">Handbook for EU Agricultural Price Statistics.
Defra statistics: prices
Email mailto:prices@defra.gov.uk">prices@defra.gov.uk
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This statistic shows the average monthly output price of all agricultural products in the United Kingdom from January 2014 to June 2020. Outputs include crop products, animals and animal products. In June 2020, the average monthly price output amounted to 119.31 index points.
The API is a measure of the monthly price changes in agricultural outputs and inputs for the UK. The output series reflects the price farmers receive for their products, also referred to as farm gate price. Information is collected for all major crops (for example wheat and potatoes) and on livestock and livestock products (for example sheep, milk and eggs). The input series reflects the price farmers pay for goods and services. This is split into two groups: goods and services currently consumed; and goods and services contributing to investment. Goods and services currently consumed refer to items that are used up in the production process, for example fertiliser, or seed. Goods and services contributing to investment relate to items that are required but not consumed in the production process, such as tractors or buildings.
The current indices are based on the year 2015 =100. The methodology used is standardised across EU member states and is described in the http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ramon/statmanuals/files/Handbook%20for%20EU%20Agricultural%20Price%20Statistics%202008.pdf" class="govuk-link">Handbook for EU Agricultural Price Statistics.
Defra statistics: prices
Email mailto:prices@defra.gov.uk">prices@defra.gov.uk
<p class="govuk-body">You can also contact us via Twitter: <a href="https://twitter.com/DefraStats" class="govuk-link">https://twitter.com/DefraStats</a></p>
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Wheat rose to 547 USd/Bu on July 18, 2025, up 2.53% from the previous day. Over the past month, Wheat's price has fallen 4.54%, but it is still 0.78% higher than a year ago, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Wheat - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.
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United Kingdom PPI: Agricultural: Input: CGS: Plant Protection Products data was reported at 110.626 2010=100 in Mar 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 112.267 2010=100 for Feb 2018. United Kingdom PPI: Agricultural: Input: CGS: Plant Protection Products data is updated monthly, averaging 97.296 2010=100 from Jan 1988 (Median) to Mar 2018, with 363 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 137.779 2010=100 in Aug 2017 and a record low of 72.605 2010=100 in Jun 1988. United Kingdom PPI: Agricultural: Input: CGS: Plant Protection Products data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. The data is categorized under Global Database’s UK – Table UK.I024: Producer Price Index: 2010=100: Agricultural: Input.
This statistic shows the average annual output price of all agricultural outputs in the United Kingdom from 1994 to 2019. Outputs include crop products, animals and animal products. Over the period, total output prices have generally risen. In 2019, the output price reached 113.4 Index points (2015 is set as Index value 100).
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United Kingdom PPI: Agricultural: Input: Plant Protection Products data was reported at 105.460 2005=100 in May 2013. This stayed constant from the previous number of 105.460 2005=100 for Apr 2013. United Kingdom PPI: Agricultural: Input: Plant Protection Products data is updated monthly, averaging 103.969 2005=100 from Jan 2003 (Median) to May 2013, with 125 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 115.221 2005=100 in Mar 2008 and a record low of 92.381 2005=100 in Oct 2003. United Kingdom PPI: Agricultural: Input: Plant Protection Products data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. The data is categorized under Global Database’s UK – Table UK.I026: Producer Price Index: 2005=100: Agricultural: Input.
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Insurers in the Agricultural Insurance industry have contended with poor investment returns and volatility in underwriting returns in recent years. Global warming is making its mark with the frequency of natural disasters, particularly flooding, on the rise, driving up claim volumes. Another consideration for insurers is the Solvency II directive before Brexit. The accumulation of such difficult conditions has led smaller insurers in the industry to diversify and focus on other high-margin insurance markets. Nevertheless, industry-wide revenue is expected to grow at a compound annual rate of 2.1% over the five years through 2024-25 to £1.8 billion, including estimated growth of 1.9% in 2024-25, while the average industry profit margin is anticipated to reach 6.1%. Although the increasing incidence of natural disasters offers a sound reason to seek insurance, the amount and variation of insurance products remain limited. The abundance of risk and the unpredictability of weather, policy and agricultural produce prices put off insurers from developing products, as their risk exposure is fairly large. This means the lack of private providers has put the National Farmers' Union at centre stage, dominating the market through NFU Mutual. Inflation has been a bone of contention for insurers in recent years, with agricultural prices seeing hefty rises amid supply disruptions and hot demand. This ramped up claims costs and resulted in many insurers raising premiums to offset any threats to profitability, supporting revenue growth in the two years through 2023-24. Although inflationary pressures are set to ease somewhat in 2024-25, agricultural product prices will remain elevated by historical standards, keeping premiums at their inflated levels. Revenue is forecast to grow at a compound annual rate of 5.2% over the five years through 2029-30 to £2.3 billion, while the average industry profit margin is estimated to reach 3.9%. The rate of product development is set to speed up, pushing into new markets and contributing to industry revenue growth. The growing prevalence of the Internet of Things will improve operational efficiencies and help price agricultural risk more accurately. However, uncertainty lingers around the new Environmental Land Management scheme following Brexit, with the level of funding for farmers still hazy.
This statistic indicates the quarterly fluctuation of gross agricultural products wholesale prices in France between the first quarter of 2012 and the third quarter of 2017. During the three-month period ending in June 2017, the wholesale volume of gross agricultural products had decreased by almost eight points of balance of opinion, compared to the first quarter of the same year.
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United Kingdom PPI: Agricultural: Output: Animals & Animals Products data was reported at 170.808 2005=100 in May 2013. This records a decrease from the previous number of 173.386 2005=100 for Apr 2013. United Kingdom PPI: Agricultural: Output: Animals & Animals Products data is updated monthly, averaging 131.037 2005=100 from Jan 2003 (Median) to May 2013, with 125 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 173.386 2005=100 in Apr 2013 and a record low of 95.500 2005=100 in Jan 2003. United Kingdom PPI: Agricultural: Output: Animals & Animals Products data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.I027: Producer Price Index: 2005=100: Agricultural: Output.
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Agricultural product wholesalers contend with volatile crop yields and global commodity prices, changing government agricultural policies and changing customer demands. Over the five years through 2024, wholesalers’ revenue is forecast to grow at a compound annual rate of 2.9% to reach €489 billion. The Russia-Ukraine conflict has introduced severe disruption to global commodity supply chains, driving huge price rises for wheat, other grains and fertilisers. In the EU, the average price of agricultural products soared by 24% between 2021 and 2022, according to Eurostat - cereal price inflation of over 40% was a key driver of this. Put off by sky-high prices, major buyers of cereal-based feedstuffs have sought out alternatives, contributing to a drop in demand and driving a sharp drop in prices (-18.4%) in the UK over the year through September 2023, as shown by data from the Office for National Statistics. In 2024, wholesalers’ sales will be dampened by low business sentiment, but high prices will keep revenue growing – it’s expected to climb by 0.8%. Wholesaling industries are typically characterised by a narrow profit margin, as they seek to ensure their prices are low enough to prevent wholesale bypass. To raise additional revenue and generate profit, wholesalers turn to providing value-added services like customised packaging and labelling solutions, rigorous quality control and traceability systems to provide assurance of the product journey. Over the five years through 2029, wholesalers’ revenue is anticipated to swell at a compound annual rate of 2.7% to €559 billion. Agricultural policies across many European countries are decoupling payments and output in favour for financial incentives for rewilding schemes and the creation of public goods, to the detriment of wholesalers. Consumer preferences for sustainable produce will intensify; wholesalers can capitalise on this by offering products aligned with these policies and preferences.
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The UK Crop Protection Chemicals market is experiencing steady growth, projected to reach a substantial market size by 2033. While the exact 2025 market size is not provided, based on a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 5.31% and considering typical market growth patterns in the agricultural sector, a reasonable estimate for the 2025 market value could be in the range of £800-£1000 million. This growth is fueled by several key drivers, including the increasing prevalence of crop diseases and pests driven by climate change, the rising demand for higher crop yields to meet growing global food needs, and stricter regulations regarding pesticide residues in food products. Furthermore, the adoption of precision agriculture techniques and the development of innovative, environmentally friendly crop protection solutions are shaping market trends. However, the market faces certain restraints. Stringent environmental regulations aimed at minimizing the impact of chemical pesticides on biodiversity and human health pose a challenge. Fluctuations in agricultural commodity prices and concerns about pesticide resistance also impact market growth. Leading players such as Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd, Adama Agricultural Solutions Ltd, Bayer AG, and Syngenta are actively investing in research and development to address these challenges, developing more sustainable and effective crop protection products. Segmentation within the market is likely to include various chemical classes, application methods (e.g., foliar, soil application), and target crops. The forecast period of 2025-2033 suggests continued expansion, with significant opportunities for companies specializing in biopesticides and integrated pest management strategies. By focusing on sustainability and innovation, the industry can navigate the challenges and unlock further growth potential in this crucial sector. Key drivers for this market are: Seed Treatment As A Solution To Enhance Yield, Growing Awareness For Seed Treatment Among The Farmers; Rising Trend Of Organic Farming. Potential restraints include: Limitations Across Farm-Level Seed Treatment, Rising Environmental Concerns. Notable trends are: Increasing pests and disease infestations in the country are leading to severe yield losses and driving the market for different crop protection chemicals.
The FAO Food Price Index (FFPI) averaged 124.9 points in January 2025, down 2.1 points from December 2024. The highest value for the index in the past 23 years was reached in March 2022. However, the rate of food price increases has been decreasing since.
Food prices worldwide The annual FAO Food Price Index (FFPI) by category shows that the price of vegetable oils grew by a particularly large margin. One of the factors that influenced the spike in oil prices worldwide during 2020 and 2021 were the supply-chain disruptions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, after the war in Ukraine, shipping costs and grain prices also had a noticeable impact on global food prices. Global food prices are calculated to have increased by 3.68 percent, due to changes in shipping costs and grain prices. The European Union (EU) has experienced a particularly high increase in the annual consumer prices for food and non-alcoholic beverages, as compared to other selected countries worldwide. Inflation in Europe
The inflation rate for food in the EU grew from 0.2 percent in May 2021 to 19.2 percent in March 2023, as compared to the same month in the previous year. In the following months, the food inflation started decreasing again, reaching 1.86 percent in April 2024. The overall inflation rate in the Euro area reached its peak in December 2022 at 9.2 percent. The rate has since fallen to 2.4 percent in December 2024. As measured by the Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices (HICP), inflation rates in Europe were highest in Turkey, North Macedonia, and Romania as of December 2024.
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Agricultural product wholesalers contend with volatile crop yields and global commodity prices, changing government agricultural policies and changing customer demands. Over the five years through 2024, wholesalers’ revenue is forecast to grow at a compound annual rate of 2.9% to reach €489 billion. The Russia-Ukraine conflict has introduced severe disruption to global commodity supply chains, driving huge price rises for wheat, other grains and fertilisers. In the EU, the average price of agricultural products soared by 24% between 2021 and 2022, according to Eurostat - cereal price inflation of over 40% was a key driver of this. Put off by sky-high prices, major buyers of cereal-based feedstuffs have sought out alternatives, contributing to a drop in demand and driving a sharp drop in prices (-18.4%) in the UK over the year through September 2023, as shown by data from the Office for National Statistics. In 2024, wholesalers’ sales will be dampened by low business sentiment, but high prices will keep revenue growing – it’s expected to climb by 0.8%. Wholesaling industries are typically characterised by a narrow profit margin, as they seek to ensure their prices are low enough to prevent wholesale bypass. To raise additional revenue and generate profit, wholesalers turn to providing value-added services like customised packaging and labelling solutions, rigorous quality control and traceability systems to provide assurance of the product journey. Over the five years through 2029, wholesalers’ revenue is anticipated to swell at a compound annual rate of 2.7% to €559 billion. Agricultural policies across many European countries are decoupling payments and output in favour for financial incentives for rewilding schemes and the creation of public goods, to the detriment of wholesalers. Consumer preferences for sustainable produce will intensify; wholesalers can capitalise on this by offering products aligned with these policies and preferences.
https://www.ibisworld.com/about/termsofuse/https://www.ibisworld.com/about/termsofuse/
Agricultural product wholesalers contend with volatile crop yields and global commodity prices, changing government agricultural policies and changing customer demands. Over the five years through 2024, wholesalers’ revenue is forecast to grow at a compound annual rate of 2.9% to reach €489 billion. The Russia-Ukraine conflict has introduced severe disruption to global commodity supply chains, driving huge price rises for wheat, other grains and fertilisers. In the EU, the average price of agricultural products soared by 24% between 2021 and 2022, according to Eurostat - cereal price inflation of over 40% was a key driver of this. Put off by sky-high prices, major buyers of cereal-based feedstuffs have sought out alternatives, contributing to a drop in demand and driving a sharp drop in prices (-18.4%) in the UK over the year through September 2023, as shown by data from the Office for National Statistics. In 2024, wholesalers’ sales will be dampened by low business sentiment, but high prices will keep revenue growing – it’s expected to climb by 0.8%. Wholesaling industries are typically characterised by a narrow profit margin, as they seek to ensure their prices are low enough to prevent wholesale bypass. To raise additional revenue and generate profit, wholesalers turn to providing value-added services like customised packaging and labelling solutions, rigorous quality control and traceability systems to provide assurance of the product journey. Over the five years through 2029, wholesalers’ revenue is anticipated to swell at a compound annual rate of 2.7% to €559 billion. Agricultural policies across many European countries are decoupling payments and output in favour for financial incentives for rewilding schemes and the creation of public goods, to the detriment of wholesalers. Consumer preferences for sustainable produce will intensify; wholesalers can capitalise on this by offering products aligned with these policies and preferences.
This annual publication provides an overview of agriculture in the UK. It contains an extensive range of data including farm incomes, land use, livestock numbers, prices, production of key commodities (eg wheat, milk, vegetables), overseas trade, organic farming and the environment. The information is used widely by government, industry, researchers and other stakeholders to support policy monitoring and development.
The content of the publication has been produced to comply with accessibility standards WCAG2.1 in two formats, Portable Document Format (pdf) and Open Document Text (odt). The odt file allows you to make changes such as the size of the text and the colours used in images or charts.
Agriculture in the United Kingdom datasets.
Next update: see the statistics release calendar
For further information please contact:
AUK_stats_team@defra.gov.uk
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United Kingdom PPI: Agricultural: Output: Animals & Animals Products (AA) data was reported at 119.220 2010=100 in Mar 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 117.964 2010=100 for Feb 2018. United Kingdom PPI: Agricultural: Output: Animals & Animals Products (AA) data is updated monthly, averaging 79.635 2010=100 from Jan 1988 (Median) to Mar 2018, with 363 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 128.327 2010=100 in Aug 2013 and a record low of 62.118 2010=100 in May 2000. United Kingdom PPI: Agricultural: Output: Animals & Animals Products (AA) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.I025: Producer Price Index: 2010=100: Agricultural: Output.
https://www.ibisworld.com/about/termsofuse/https://www.ibisworld.com/about/termsofuse/
Agricultural product wholesalers contend with volatile crop yields and global commodity prices, changing government agricultural policies and changing customer demands. Over the five years through 2024, wholesalers’ revenue is forecast to grow at a compound annual rate of 2.9% to reach €489 billion. The Russia-Ukraine conflict has introduced severe disruption to global commodity supply chains, driving huge price rises for wheat, other grains and fertilisers. In the EU, the average price of agricultural products soared by 24% between 2021 and 2022, according to Eurostat - cereal price inflation of over 40% was a key driver of this. Put off by sky-high prices, major buyers of cereal-based feedstuffs have sought out alternatives, contributing to a drop in demand and driving a sharp drop in prices (-18.4%) in the UK over the year through September 2023, as shown by data from the Office for National Statistics. In 2024, wholesalers’ sales will be dampened by low business sentiment, but high prices will keep revenue growing – it’s expected to climb by 0.8%. Wholesaling industries are typically characterised by a narrow profit margin, as they seek to ensure their prices are low enough to prevent wholesale bypass. To raise additional revenue and generate profit, wholesalers turn to providing value-added services like customised packaging and labelling solutions, rigorous quality control and traceability systems to provide assurance of the product journey. Over the five years through 2029, wholesalers’ revenue is anticipated to swell at a compound annual rate of 2.7% to €559 billion. Agricultural policies across many European countries are decoupling payments and output in favour for financial incentives for rewilding schemes and the creation of public goods, to the detriment of wholesalers. Consumer preferences for sustainable produce will intensify; wholesalers can capitalise on this by offering products aligned with these policies and preferences.
The Agricultural Price Index (API) is a monthly publication that measures the price changes in agricultural outputs and inputs for the UK. The output series reflects the price farmers receive for their products (referred to as the farm-gate price). Information is collected for all major crops (for example wheat and potatoes) and on livestock and livestock products (for example sheep, milk and eggs). The input series reflects the price farmers pay for goods and services. This is split into two groups: goods and services currently consumed; and goods and services contributing to investment. Goods and services currently consumed refer to items that are used up in the production process, for example fertiliser, or seed. Goods and services contributing to investment relate to items that are required but not consumed in the production process, such as tractors or buildings.
A price index is a way of measuring relative price changes compared to a reference point or base year which is given a value of 100. The year used as the base year needs to be updated over time to reflect changing market trends. The latest data are presented with a base year of 2020 = 100. To maintain continuity with the current API time series, the UK continues to use standardised methodology adopted across the EU. Details of this internationally recognised methodology are described in the https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-manuals-and-guidelines/-/ks-bh-02-003" class="govuk-link">Handbook for EU agricultural price statistics.
Please note: The historical time series with base years 2000 = 100, 2005 = 100, 2010 = 100 and 2015 = 100 are not updated monthly and presented for archive purposes only. Each file gives the date the series was last updated.
For those commodities where farm-gate prices are currently unavailable we use the best proxy data that are available (for example wholesale prices). Similarly, calculations are based on UK prices where possible but sometimes we cannot obtain these. In such cases prices for Great Britain, England and Wales or England are used instead.
Next update: see the statistics release calendar.
Defra statistics: prices
Email mailto:prices@defra.gov.uk">prices@defra.gov.uk
<p class="govuk-body">You can also contact us via Twitter: <a href="https://twitter.com/DefraStats" class="govuk-link">https://twitter.com/DefraStats</a></p>