Abstract

The Thailand Agricultural Census had been earlier conducted five times: 1950, 1963, 1978, 1993 and 2003. The census aims to provide basic information on the fundamental structure of agriculture which will constitute the bases for which policymakers and planners will continuously formulate plans for development, monitoring, and evaluation related to agriculture. Under the Statistics Act 2007, the National Statistical Office (NSO) is mandated to carry out censuses of the country. The 2013 Agricultural Census was also undertaken in accordance with the recommendation of the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) for conducting agricultural census every 10 years. This census round had extended the scope of agricultural activity to include sea salt farm, as according to the Cabinet approval (1st March 2011), as well as to include questions on marine fishery and coastal aquaculture into the enumeration form.

Census objectives:

1) To collect basic information on the fundamental structure of agriculture, such as number of agricultural holdings and agricultural holding, freshwater aquaculture, sea salt farm, utilization of land, land tenure status, area under crops/sea salt farm/freshwater aquaculture, number of livestock, use of fertilizer, use of agricultural machinery, manpower involved in agricultural activities, etc.,

2) To provide those information at administrative units (village) for developing policy and plans in both national and sub-national level

3) To provide the basis for sampling frame for other surveys undertakings related to agriculture marine fishery and coastal aquaculture

4) To determine changes of basic information on agricultural structure over the past 10 years

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

Households

Universe

The statistical (enumeration) unit was the agricultural holding, defined as an economic unit of agricultural production (cultivating crops, rearing livestock) and aquaculture production, under single management, comprising all livestock kept and all land used wholly or partly for agricultural production purposes, performing an agricultural activity on owned agricultural land, or on land owned by other persons, or on public land, regardless of legal permission. The holding's land could consist of one or more parcels, located in one or more separate areas; however, the land had to be in the same province.

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Sampling procedure

A systematic sampling method was applied to draw the sample of agricultural holders from each EA. The sampling fraction in each EA was 1 in 4 (the sample comprised 25 percent of the total number of holdings). The selected agricultural holders were enumerated using the entire questionnaire.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The questionnaire for the Agricultural Census, 2013 in Thailand collected information on agricultural activity and legal status of household; holding area by land use; livestock production; rice production; rubber production; permanent crop and forest; vegetable crop, herb, flower and ornamental plants; field crop; seasalt farming; fresh water culture; machinery, vehicle and agricultural equipment; fertilizer and pesticide; employment of agricultural labour; charactersitics of holder and household members; education and agricultural group membership of household holder; agricultural income and debt.

The questionnaire is attached as additional resource in the documentations tab.

Cleaning operations

1. Data processing:

After the data collection stage, during which the census information was collected using electronic devices (tablets), and after initial checking during the fieldwork, the data were sent to the NSO server for further processing, to verify data consistency, accuracy and coverage. After final checking for correctness and completeness, the census data were further processed for statistics tabulations and summarized to report the census results at provincial, regional and country level.

1. Data quality checks

After the completion of census field work, NSO has carried out the Post Enumeration Survey (PES) in order to evaluate the quality of census data. The PES was conducted for all households of the selected enumeration areas throughout the country. The Stratified Single-Stage Sampling was applied to this PES. That is, there were four stratums referring to four regions – Central, North, Northeast and South and provinces in each region were represented as sub-stratum. Within each sub-stratum, the enumeration areas were systematically selected; the total samples were 1,280 enumeration areas. After the PES field operation, information between the census and the PES were processed for matching check. And then the process for investigation was to analyse and evaluate errors of the census coverage and the census content, for example the information on the agricultural activity engagement such as livestock, growing rice, planting para rubber, planting permanent crops and planting field crops, etc.

Abstract

The National Statistical Office conducted the Fifth Agricultural Census in 2003 in order to collect the data on structure of agriculture obtained from the agricultural holdings throughout the country.

The objectives of the Agricultural Census were as follows: 1. To collect data on agricultural structures such as number and area of holdings, land use, land tenure, planted area of crops, number of inland fishery establishments, water area under fresh water culture, number of livestock, the use of fertilizer and pesticide, machinery and equipment, etc. 2. To provide data for small administrative units. 3. To provide a frame for other agricultural surveys. 4. To study changes of agricultural structures in 10 years.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

• Agricultural household (holder)
• Agricultural holding

1. Holding: A holding is an economic unit of agricultural production (cultivating crops, rearing livestock and culturing fresh water) under single management comprising all livestock kept and all land used wholly or partly for agricultural production purposes, without regard to title or legal form. The holding's land may consist of one or more parcels, located in one or more separate areas of the same province. The holding area includes farmyard, land occupied by farm buildings and holder's house located on the holding.
2. Holder: A holder refers to a civil or juridical person who exercises management control and takes major decisions over the agricultural holding operation. The holder has technical and economic responsibility for the holding and may undertake all responsibilities directly, or delegate responsibilities to a hired manager. A hired manager participating in economic and financial responsibilities in addition to managing the holding is considered a holder.
3. Area of Holding: Area of holding is the combined area of all the holding's parcels in the province, including land owned by the holder, rented from others and land under other tenure forms. (Land owned by the holder but rented to others are excluded).

Universe

The census covered the whole country: all holdings cultivating crops, rearing livestock and culturing fresh waters, were covered.

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Sampling procedure

A Stratified Two - Stage Sampling was adopted for the advanced report. Regions were constituted strata. The primary and secondary sampling units were enumeration districts and holdings respectively. 1) Stratification Group of provinces in each region were constituted strata. There were altogether 4 strata, i.e., Central, North, Northeast and South .

2) Selection of Primary Sampling Unit A number of sample enumeration districts were selected systematically in each stratum with a sampling fraction of 1 in 5. The total number of sample enumeration districts was 4,581 from 22,950

3) Selection of Secondary Sampling Unit Holdings were ultimate sampling units. Data of every holdings enumerated with the long form in every sample enumeration district were proceeded. Then these sample holdings were selected systematically with a sampling fraction of 1 in 5.

The overall sampling fraction was 1 in 100 .

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The Agricultural Census data was collected using a questionnaire that consists of 15 sections.

Abstract

Syngenta is committed to increasing crop productivity and to using limited resources such as land, water and inputs more efficiently. Since 2014, Syngenta has been measuring trends in agricultural input efficiency on a global network of real farms. The Good Growth Plan dataset shows aggregated productivity and resource efficiency indicators by harvest year. The data has been collected from more than 4,000 farms and covers more than 20 different crops in 46 countries. The data (except USA data and for Barley in UK, Germany, Poland, Czech Republic, France and Spain) was collected, consolidated and reported by Kynetec (previously Market Probe), an independent market research agency. It can be used as benchmarks for crop yield and input efficiency.

Geographic coverage

National Coverage

Analysis unit

Agricultural holdings

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

A. Sample design Farms are grouped in clusters, which represent a crop grown in an area with homogenous agro- ecological conditions and include comparable types of farms. The sample includes reference and benchmark farms. The reference farms were selected by Syngenta and the benchmark farms were randomly selected by Kynetec within the same cluster.

B. Sample size Sample sizes for each cluster are determined with the aim to measure statistically significant increases in crop efficiency over time. This is done by Kynetec based on target productivity increases and assumptions regarding the variability of farm metrics in each cluster. The smaller the expected increase, the larger the sample size needed to measure significant differences over time. Variability within clusters is assumed based on public research and expert opinion. In addition, growers are also grouped in clusters as a means of keeping variances under control, as well as distinguishing between growers in terms of crop size, region and technological level. A minimum sample size of 20 interviews per cluster is needed. The minimum number of reference farms is 5 of 20. The optimal number of reference farms is 10 of 20 (balanced sample).

C. Selection procedure The respondents were picked randomly using a “quota based random sampling” procedure. Growers were first randomly selected and then checked if they complied with the quotas for crops, region, farm size etc. To avoid clustering high number of interviews at one sampling point, interviewers were instructed to do a maximum of 5 interviews in one village.

BF Screened from Thailand were selected based on the following criterion:

(a) smallholder rice growers Region 1: Sathan sub-district, Chiengkhong district, Chiengrai Region 2: Banhan, Kwao sub-district, Selapoom district, Roi Ed Continue to do Dry season for 3-4 years.
After wet season rice harvesting, they normally continue dry season rice
Favorite rice seed : Pitsanulok 2
Technology level: Herbicide (they do not use other CP products unless the problems occur)
Innovatives : Open to new technology but financially sluggish due to Government’s rice pledge program
Majority is rice farmer. Few field corn farmer
Mid-tier (sub-optimal CP/SE use): mid-tier growers use generic CP, cheaper CP, non hybrid (conventional) seeds
less accessible to technology: poor farmers, don't have the money to buy quality seeds, fertilizers,... Don't use machinery yet
influenced by fellow farmers and retailers
not strong financial status: don't have extra money on bank account and so need longer credit to pay (as a consequence: interest increases) may need longer credit

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Data collection tool for 2019 covered the following information:

(A) PRE- HARVEST INFORMATION

PART I: Screening PART II: Contact Information PART III: Farm Characteristics a. Biodiversity conservation b. Soil conservation c. Soil erosion d. Description of growing area e. Training on crop cultivation and safety measures PART IV: Farming Practices - Before Harvest a. Planting and fruit development - Field crops b. Planting and fruit development - Tree crops c. Planting and fruit development - Sugarcane d. Planting and fruit development - Cauliflower e. Seed treatment

(B) HARVEST INFORMATION

PART V: Farming Practices - After Harvest a. Fertilizer usage b. Crop protection products c. Harvest timing & quality per crop - Field crops d. Harvest timing & quality per crop - Tree crops e. Harvest timing & quality per crop - Sugarcane f. Harvest timing & quality per crop - Banana g. After harvest PART VI - Other inputs - After Harvest a. Input costs b. Abiotic stress c. Irrigation

See all questionnaires in external materials tab

Cleaning operations

Data processing:

Kynetec uses SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) for data entry, cleaning, analysis, and reporting. After collection, the farm data is entered into a local database, reviewed, and quality-checked by the local Kynetec agency. In the case of missing values or inconsistencies, farmers are re-contacted. In some cases, grower data is verified with local experts (e.g. retailers) to ensure data accuracy and validity. After country-level cleaning, the farm-level data is submitted to the global Kynetec headquarters for processing. In the case of missing values or inconsistences, the local Kynetec office was re-contacted to clarify and solve issues.

B. Quality assurance Various consistency checks and internal controls are implemented throughout the entire data collection and reporting process in order to ensure unbiased, high quality data.

• Screening: Each grower is screened and selected by Kynetec based on cluster-specific criteria to ensure a comparable group of growers within each cluster. This helps keeping variability low.

• Evaluation of the questionnaire: The questionnaire aligns with the global objective of the project and is adapted to the local context (e.g. interviewers and growers should understand what is asked). Each year the questionnaire is evaluated based on several criteria, and updated where needed.

• Briefing of interviewers: Each year, local interviewers - familiar with the local context of farming -are thoroughly briefed to fully comprehend the questionnaire to obtain unbiased, accurate answers from respondents.

• Cross-validation of the answers:

o Kynetec captures all growers' responses through a digital data-entry tool. Various logical and consistency checks are automated in this tool (e.g. total crop size in hectares cannot be larger than farm size) 
o Kynetec cross validates the answers of the growers in three different ways: 
  1. Within the grower (check if growers respond consistently during the interview) 
  2. Across years (check if growers respond consistently throughout the years) 
  3. Within cluster (compare a grower's responses with those of others in the group) 

o All the above mentioned inconsistencies are followed up by contacting the growers and asking them to verify their answers. The data is updated after verification. All updates are tracked.

• Check and discuss evolutions and patterns: Global evolutions are calculated, discussed and reviewed on a monthly basis jointly by Kynetec and Syngenta.

• Sensitivity analysis: sensitivity analysis is conducted to evaluate the global results in terms of outliers, retention rates and overall statistical robustness. The results of the sensitivity analysis are discussed jointly by Kynetec and Syngenta.

• It is recommended that users interested in using the administrative level 1 variable in the location dataset use this variable with care and crosscheck it with the postal code variable.

Data appraisal

Due to the above mentioned checks, irregularities in fertilizer usage data were discovered which had to be corrected:

For data collection wave 2014, respondents were asked to give a total estimate of the fertilizer NPK-rates that were applied in the fields. From 2015 onwards, the questionnaire was redesigned to be more precise and obtain data by individual fertilizer products. The new method of measuring fertilizer inputs leads to more accurate results, but also makes a year-on-year comparison difficult. After evaluating several solutions to this problems, 2014 fertilizer usage (NPK input) was re-estimated by calculating a weighted average of fertilizer usage in the following years.

In 2024, the production volume of rice in Thailand was around 21 million metric tons, indicating a slight decrease from the previous year. In that same year, the yield of rice per rai in the country amounted to 324 kilograms. Rice is the largest agricultural product exported by Thailand.  ​ Thailand’s rice production ​ Rice plays a significant role in Thai society, culture, and economy, serving as the primary food for the entire nation. Half of the country's land is therefore dedicated to rice cultivation. The major rice production regions of Thailand are located in the central and northeastern parts of the country. In 2023, Nakhon Sawan, a gateway between the central and northern regions of Thailand, was the province with the highest production volume of rice in the country. In that same year, Thailand had more than 70 million rai of the harvested area of rice crops. Rice consumption in Thailand ​ Rice has always been the staple food of the Thai people. It is not uncommon for Thai to consume rice alongside or at nearly every meal. In 2024, the consumption volume of milled rice in Thailand reached more than 12 million metric tons, making it one of the leading rice-consuming countries in the world.

In 2024, the production volume of cassava in Thailand amounted to around ***** million metric tons. The production of this crop was forecast to slightly decline to around ** million metric tons in 2025. Cassava is an important economic agricultural product grown in ** of the 76 provinces in Thailand. Cassava – a versatile cash crop The number of dried cassava product processing factories in Thailand amounted to almost one thousand in 2023. In such factories, cassava is used to produce a variety of items, like cassava chips, pellets, and other cassava goods. The cassava chips or pellets are then used to produce textiles, medicine, and chemicals in downstream industries. Another product is ethanol as a biofuel, with Up Ventures Co., Ltd. being the leading producer of ethanol made from cassava chips in Thailand in 2023. Additionally, it is utilized as human food or turned into animal feed. The world leader in cassava exports Thailand is the leading cassava export country in the world, exporting the majority of the cassava it produces each year to other Asian countries. In 2023, Thailand exported around 7.3 million metric tons of cassava chips and native starch. The major importing countries of Thai cassava are China, Japan, Indonesia, Taiwan, Malaysia, and South Korea. More than half of all exported products are cassava chips, with native starch from cassava being another typically exported good.

The report State of Land in the Mekong Region€ was launched today in Vientiane, Lao PDR. The first publication of its kind in the Mekong Region, it brings together key data and information on the current status of, and changes in, land resources, their social distribution, and the conditions of governance that shape them. The report stresses the need for urgent action towards transformational change. It was co-produced by the Centre for Development and Environment (CDE) of the University of Bern and the Mekong Region Land Governance Project (MRLG). Funding was provided by Switzerland, Germany, and Luxembourg. The Mekong region €“ Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam €“ is in the midst of profound social and environmental change. Despite rapid urbanization, the region remains predominantly rural. More than 60 per cent of its population live in rural areas, and the vast majority of these people are engaged in agriculture. Due to rapid growth of its agricultural sector, the Mekong region has become a global centre of production and trade for commodities such as rubber, rice, cassava, wood, sugar cane, and palm oil. Between 1996 and 2015, overall agricultural land in the Mekong region grew by 20 per cent, or around 9 million hectares. Most of this expansion has occurred at the expense of the region’s natural capital €“ especially forests and other vegetation.

This dataset contains the result of a survey of farmers practicing Muang fai, a hundred-years old communal irrigation system in Northern Thailand. The muang fai is governed by a set of pre-established rules which, to a large extent, resemble Ostrom’s (1990) well-known principles of effective common property resources. As the technology of alternative irrigation, such as groundwater pumping technology, becomes more affordable, the future of this long-held tradition, including its knowledge about its characteristics can be at risk. The target population of the survey was the group of Longan farmers who are located within the 12 villages that are engaged in muang fai Sop Rong in Chiang Mai Province, Northern Thailand. We specifically collected information on irrigation practices, farmland characteristics and socio-economic variables from 570 longan (their main crops) farmer households. Half of these farmers practice Muang fai, another half practice undergound pumping irrigation. Irrigation information collected includes type of irrigation (surface or underground), volume and frequency of water uses, type of pumps (if using pumps). Farming characteristics collected includes volume and value of the harvests, land size, and distance to irrigation canal. Socioeconomic characteristics included among others are farmers income, expenditure, education, off-farm employment and muang-fai membership. We also include GPS-coordinate (geo-code) of the location of the each farmland. This dataset can be a source of baseline information for future research as well as help preserve the knowledge of this tradition.

Capsaicin Natural Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the Global Capsaicin Natural market size was valued at $1.42 billion in 2024 and is projected to reach $2.67 billion by 2033, expanding at a CAGR of 7.1% during 2024–2033. The primary driver fueling this robust growth is the increasing demand for natural and clean-label ingredients across diverse industries such as pharmaceuticals, food and beverages, and cosmetics. As consumers become more health-conscious and regulatory bodies tighten restrictions on synthetic additives, manufacturers are increasingly turning to capsaicin derived from natural sources to meet evolving market needs. This shift is further reinforced by the expanding applications of capsaicin in pain management, weight loss supplements, and functional foods, underscoring its versatility and broad appeal in the global market.

Regional Outlook

North America currently holds the largest share in the global Capsaicin Natural market, accounting for approximately 34% of the total market value in 2024. The region’s dominance can be attributed to its mature pharmaceutical and food processing industries, robust R&D infrastructure, and a strong emphasis on product innovation. The presence of leading market players, coupled with favorable regulatory frameworks supporting natural ingredient adoption, has accelerated the integration of capsaicin in mainstream consumer products. Additionally, the growing trend towards clean-label and plant-based solutions, especially in the United States and Canada, has further propelled the demand for natural capsaicin, making North America a critical hub for both production and consumption.

In contrast, the Asia Pacific region is projected to be the fastest-growing market for natural capsaicin, with a remarkable CAGR of 9.2% from 2024 to 2033. This impressive growth trajectory is primarily driven by the region’s rich agricultural base, particularly in countries like India, China, and Thailand, which are major producers of chili peppers and paprika—the primary sources of natural capsaicin. Furthermore, rising disposable incomes, urbanization, and a burgeoning middle-class population are fueling the demand for spicy foods, health supplements, and natural remedies. Investment in advanced extraction technologies and the expansion of distribution networks are enabling local manufacturers to scale up production and cater to both domestic and international markets, thereby solidifying Asia Pacific’s position as a key growth engine.

Emerging economies in Latin America and Middle East & Africa are also witnessing a gradual uptick in capsaicin adoption, albeit at a slower pace compared to developed regions. These markets face unique challenges such as limited access to advanced processing technologies, fragmented supply chains, and regulatory uncertainties. However, localized demand for traditional spicy foods, increasing awareness about the health benefits of capsaicin, and government initiatives to promote value-added agricultural exports are gradually fostering market growth. As these regions continue to modernize their food and pharmaceutical sectors, opportunities for natural capsaicin are expected to expand, albeit with ongoing challenges related to standardization and quality assurance.

Report Scope

The size of the Okra Seeds Market market was valued at USD 0.10476 billion in 2024 and is projected to reach USD XXX billion by 2033, with an expected CAGR of XX% during the forecast period. Recent developments include: In 2024, Syngenta, a worldwide agricultural leader, released a new product under its newest subsidiary, "SONIVA," delivering high-quality seeds in Southeast Asia at the Syngenta Seeds factory Khoktum-Phatthana Nikhom facility in Lopburi Province. Syngenta is committed to promoting Thailand as a seed center by providing effective solutions and outstanding support to small-scale farmers in Southeast Asia. With a commitment to ensure that small-scale farmers may access high-quality agricultural goods that satisfy their needs., January 2022 – Kerala government assured increase in basic price of fruit and vegetables to farmers., January 2022 – Arunjyothi Lokhanday, a homemaker from Telengana, India; invented seed-paper napkins fabricated from vegetable waste. These napkins aid in converting wet waste into a medium that contributes to the preservation of seeds. The napkin, when sown, can cultivate into vegetables. Innovations in the food and beverage sector can positively impact the okra seeds market., Report Overview, Okra Seeds Market analysis published by MRFR covers top challenges, growth boosters and restrains that can impact the market’s growth potential across main regions and categories. The market is critically evaluated, highlighting the base year and review period and estimated projected value during the given tenure. The okra seeds market assessment also focuses on major developments during the COVID-19 outbreak. In addition, the extensive market segmentation analysis outlining the market’s expected growth pace is also mentioned in the report. Historical value, economic status, technological developments, and other prominent factors that can induce growth in the worldwide market can support rise of the market across the study period. Besides, okra seeds producers and competitive initiatives these companies follow are also profiled in this report., Scope of the Report, The scope of the report summaries the okra seed market forecast with respect to application, type, and regions. The okra seed market outlook registered valuation and market share for each region. Scale inhibitors market technique and type for the review period was evaluated by proficient MRFR analysis that are reported.. Notable trends are: Rising government initiatives are a strong trend that boosts oilseeds market growth..

Molinate Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the Global Molinate market size was valued at $X million in 2024 and is projected to reach $Y million by 2033, expanding at a CAGR of Z% during 2024–2033. The primary factor fueling the growth of the molinate market globally is the increasing demand for effective herbicides in the agriculture sector, particularly in rice cultivation, where molinate’s selective action against grassy weeds has established its importance. As agricultural practices modernize and the need for higher crop yields intensifies, the adoption of specialized herbicides like molinate continues to rise, driving market expansion worldwide.

Regional Outlook

North America currently commands the largest share of the global molinate market, contributing a significant portion of the total market value. This dominance is attributed to the region’s well-established agricultural industry, advanced farming technologies, and stringent weed management protocols. The United States, in particular, has a mature molinate market, supported by consistent demand from major rice-producing states and robust regulatory frameworks that ensure product quality and environmental safety. Additionally, the presence of key market players and ongoing research into herbicide efficacy further strengthens North America’s leadership. The region’s proactive approach to sustainable agriculture and integrated pest management has also facilitated steady growth and widespread acceptance of molinate-based products.

The Asia Pacific region is emerging as the fastest-growing market for molinate, projected to expand at a CAGR significantly higher than the global average over the forecast period. This rapid growth is driven by the region’s large-scale rice cultivation, particularly in countries like China, India, Vietnam, and Thailand, where rice is a staple crop. Increasing investments in modern agricultural practices, government initiatives to boost crop yields, and the rising adoption of selective herbicides are key factors propelling market expansion. Moreover, the region’s growing population and the corresponding need for food security have led to greater emphasis on effective weed control solutions. As a result, manufacturers are intensifying their focus on Asia Pacific, launching innovative formulations and expanding distribution networks to capture emerging opportunities.

In emerging economies of Latin America, the Middle East, and Africa, the molinate market is witnessing gradual adoption, albeit at a slower pace compared to developed regions. These markets face unique challenges, including limited awareness of advanced herbicide technologies, inconsistent regulatory enforcement, and fluctuating agricultural investment. However, localized demand is rising as farmers seek cost-effective solutions to improve rice and aquaculture yields. Policy reforms aimed at modernizing agriculture and improving access to crop protection products are expected to gradually enhance market penetration. Nevertheless, adoption remains uneven, with some countries advancing rapidly while others lag due to infrastructural and economic constraints. Tailored strategies by manufacturers and government-led capacity-building initiatives will be critical to unlocking the full potential of these emerging markets.

Report Scope

In 2024, it was estimated that Indonesia produced nearly *********** metric tons of durian. Durian, “The King of Fruit”, is native to Southeast Asia and Borneo is generally accepted as the original geographic origin of durian trees. Once a minor crop, durian is now an essential tropical fruit crop in Southeast Asia. Durian cultivation in Indonesia Durian cultivation in Indonesia has been exclusively carried out by small farmers throughout all provinces, with a variety of cultivars and tastes. Despite its native origin in Borneo, durian has also been heavily produced on Java Island for decades. East, West, and Central Java provinces are the country's top durian producers today. As durian is a seasonal fruit, agricultural tourism has become an essential means of survival for many small farms before the harvest seasons. Several durian farms in Indonesia offer agritourism activities where visitors can learn about durian trees, pick their own fruits, and stay overnight on the farm. Local durians vs import durians According to the Indonesian government, Indonesia is the largest durian producer in the world. Nevertheless, it used to be a net importer of durian for decades. Monthong durian from Thailand and Musang King durian from Malaysia were more popular and arguably easier to find than local durians, despite their higher prices. To boost domestic production and exports, the Indonesian government has restricted durian imports and simplified its complicated export procedures since 2013. As a result, Indonesia has gained local durian surplus since 2018 up until now.

Metamifop Herbicide Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the Global Metamifop Herbicide market size was valued at $520 million in 2024 and is projected to reach $910 million by 2033, expanding at a CAGR of 6.5% during 2024–2033. The primary factor driving the robust growth of the Metamifop Herbicide market is the escalating demand for effective weed management solutions in high-value crops such as rice and wheat, particularly across emerging economies where agricultural productivity is crucial for food security. The increasing adoption of modern farming techniques, coupled with the need to enhance crop yields and reduce labor costs, is further propelling the demand for selective herbicides like Metamifop. As regulatory bodies continue to phase out older, less environmentally friendly herbicide chemistries, the market for advanced, crop-specific herbicides is set to experience significant expansion, especially in regions with intensive cereal cultivation.

Regional Outlook

Asia Pacific currently dominates the Metamifop Herbicide market, accounting for over 52% of the global market share in 2024. This region’s leadership is primarily attributed to its vast areas under rice cultivation, particularly in countries like China, India, Vietnam, and Thailand. The mature agricultural sector in these countries, combined with government-backed initiatives to improve crop productivity and reduce post-harvest losses, has fostered a favorable environment for herbicide adoption. Furthermore, the presence of major agrochemical manufacturers and robust distribution networks ensures widespread availability and accessibility of Metamifop products. The regulatory landscape in Asia Pacific has also evolved to favor the use of selective herbicides, as authorities increasingly focus on sustainable farming practices and environmental protection, thereby cementing the region’s dominant position.

Latin America is emerging as the fastest-growing region in the Metamifop Herbicide market, with a projected CAGR of 8.1% from 2024 to 2033. The region’s growth is fueled by rising investments in agricultural infrastructure, increased mechanization, and a growing awareness among farmers about the benefits of advanced herbicides. Brazil and Argentina are at the forefront of this expansion, thanks to large-scale cereal cultivation and the rapid adoption of precision agriculture technologies. The influx of foreign direct investment and strategic partnerships between local distributors and global agrochemical giants are further accelerating market growth. Additionally, favorable climatic conditions for multiple cropping cycles and government incentives to promote high-yield agriculture are expected to sustain the momentum in Latin America throughout the forecast period.

In contrast, emerging economies in Africa and certain parts of Southeast Asia are experiencing a more gradual uptake of Metamifop Herbicide, largely due to challenges such as limited access to modern agrochemicals, fragmented land holdings, and inadequate extension services. While there is growing localized demand for effective weed control solutions, policy inconsistencies and infrastructural bottlenecks have hindered rapid adoption. However, ongoing efforts by international development agencies and local governments to modernize agricultural practices, coupled with targeted awareness campaigns, are expected to gradually bridge the adoption gap. The evolution of distribution channels and the introduction of affordable product formulations tailored to smallholder farmers’ needs are likely to unlock significant growth potential in these emerging markets over the next decade.

Report Scope

Insect Oil Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the Global Insect Oil market size was valued at $148 million in 2024 and is projected to reach $412 million by 2033, expanding at a CAGR of 12.1% during 2024–2033. The major factor driving the robust growth of the global insect oil market is the increasing demand for sustainable and alternative sources of oils, particularly in animal feed, food, and cosmetics industries. As the world faces mounting pressure to reduce the environmental impact of traditional oil sources, insect oil emerges as a highly efficient and eco-friendly alternative, offering significant benefits in terms of resource use, greenhouse gas emissions, and nutritional value. This green shift is further bolstered by advancements in insect farming technologies and growing consumer awareness of the sustainability and functional advantages of insect-derived products.

Regional Outlook

Europe currently holds the largest share of the global insect oil market, accounting for over 35% of total market value in 2024. This dominance is attributed to the region’s mature regulatory framework supporting novel foods, active investment in sustainable agriculture, and a strong network of insect farming startups. European policies, such as the EU’s Green Deal and Farm to Fork Strategy, have incentivized research and commercialization of insect-derived products, including oils for animal feed and human consumption. Additionally, widespread consumer acceptance of alternative proteins and oils, coupled with the presence of leading companies, has accelerated market penetration. The region’s focus on circular economy principles and waste reduction further strengthens its position as a global leader in insect oil adoption and innovation.

The Asia Pacific region is projected to be the fastest-growing market for insect oil, with a forecasted CAGR of 15.4% from 2024 to 2033. This rapid growth is driven by rising demand for protein-rich and sustainable feed ingredients in aquaculture and livestock sectors, particularly in China, Thailand, and Vietnam. The region benefits from a large agricultural base, increasing government support for alternative feed sources, and a rapidly expanding middle class seeking healthier and more eco-friendly food and personal care products. Investment in insect farming infrastructure and processing technologies is accelerating, with several countries establishing pilot projects and public-private partnerships to scale up production. As consumers become more aware of the nutritional and environmental benefits of insect oil, adoption is expected to surge across both industrial and retail segments.

Emerging economies in Latin America and Africa present a mixed outlook for the insect oil market. While these regions have abundant agricultural by-products suitable for insect rearing and a growing need for affordable feed and food oils, they face challenges such as limited regulatory clarity, underdeveloped supply chains, and lower consumer awareness. Nevertheless, localized demand for sustainable animal feed and the need to improve food security are motivating pilot projects and small-scale commercial ventures. Governments and NGOs are increasingly recognizing the role of insect oil in supporting rural livelihoods and climate resilience, which could pave the way for broader market adoption in the coming years, provided that investment and policy support continue to strengthen.

Report Scope

Profoxydim Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the Global Profoxydim market size was valued at $312 million in 2024 and is projected to reach $496 million by 2033, expanding at a CAGR of 5.2% during 2024–2033. The primary factor fueling the growth of the Profoxydim market globally is the rising demand for efficient and selective herbicides in the agricultural sector, particularly for rice and cereal crop cultivation. As farmers increasingly seek solutions to manage resistant weed species while minimizing crop damage, Profoxydim’s proven efficacy and favorable environmental profile are driving its adoption. This trend is further supported by the growing emphasis on maximizing crop yields and the need for sustainable agricultural practices, making Profoxydim a preferred choice among modern agrochemical products.

Regional Outlook

North America currently holds the largest share of the Profoxydim market, accounting for approximately 34% of global revenue in 2024. This dominance is attributed to the region’s mature agricultural industry, advanced farming techniques, and robust regulatory frameworks that support the adoption of innovative crop protection products. The United States, in particular, has been at the forefront of integrating Profoxydim-based herbicides due to extensive rice and cereal cultivation, high awareness among farmers, and strong distribution networks. Additionally, the presence of leading agrochemical manufacturers and ongoing research and development initiatives further solidify North America’s leading position in the global Profoxydim market. The region’s well-established infrastructure and favorable policies also facilitate quicker approval and commercialization of new formulations, ensuring sustained market growth.

The Asia Pacific region is the fastest-growing market for Profoxydim, with an impressive projected CAGR of 7.1% from 2024 to 2033. This growth is primarily driven by the expanding agricultural sector in countries such as China, India, Vietnam, and Thailand, where rice remains a staple crop and the demand for effective weed management solutions is paramount. Government initiatives aimed at increasing agricultural productivity, coupled with growing investments in modern farming technologies, are accelerating the adoption of Profoxydim-based herbicides. Furthermore, the region’s large population and rising food security concerns are compelling stakeholders to focus on yield optimization, thereby boosting the demand for advanced herbicides. The influx of international agrochemical players and strategic collaborations with local distributors are also contributing significantly to the market’s rapid expansion in Asia Pacific.

Emerging economies in Latin America and the Middle East & Africa present unique adoption challenges and opportunities for the Profoxydim market. While these regions offer substantial growth potential due to increasing arable land and a shift toward modern agricultural practices, factors such as limited awareness, fragmented distribution channels, and varying regulatory standards can impede market penetration. In Latin America, countries like Brazil and Argentina are gradually embracing Profoxydim, driven by the need to combat herbicide-resistant weeds and enhance crop productivity. Meanwhile, in the Middle East & Africa, policy reforms and government support for sustainable agriculture are expected to gradually improve market adoption. However, localized demand patterns, infrastructural constraints, and the need for tailored product offerings remain key considerations for stakeholders looking to expand in these emerging markets.

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Drought-Tolerant Sugarcane Seed Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the Drought-Tolerant Sugarcane Seed market was valued at $1.2 billion in 2024 and is projected to reach $3.8 billion by 2033, expanding at a robust CAGR of 13.7% during the forecast period of 2025–2033. A primary driver behind this impressive growth trajectory is the increasing frequency and severity of drought conditions globally, which has compelled both commercial growers and research institutions to adopt drought-tolerant sugarcane varieties to ensure stable yields and secure food and energy supplies. This rising demand is further amplified by advancements in seed technology and a growing focus on sustainable agriculture, positioning drought-tolerant sugarcane seeds as a vital solution in climate-resilient crop production.

Regional Outlook

North America currently commands the largest share of the global Drought-Tolerant Sugarcane Seed market, accounting for approximately 38% of total market revenue in 2024. The region’s dominance is attributed to its mature agricultural sector, high adoption rates of advanced biotechnology, and strong government support for sustainable farming initiatives. The United States, in particular, has been at the forefront of integrating genetically modified and hybrid crop varieties, leveraging extensive R&D infrastructure and favorable regulatory frameworks. Additionally, strategic collaborations between public research institutes and private seed companies have accelerated innovation and commercialization, making North America a pivotal hub for drought-tolerant sugarcane seed development and deployment.

Asia Pacific is emerging as the fastest-growing region in the Drought-Tolerant Sugarcane Seed market, with a projected CAGR of 16.2% from 2025 to 2033. This rapid expansion is fueled by the region’s vast sugarcane cultivation areas, particularly in countries like India, China, and Thailand, where water scarcity and erratic rainfall patterns have intensified the need for resilient crop varieties. Substantial investments in agricultural modernization, coupled with government-led initiatives to improve crop productivity under climate stress, are propelling the adoption of drought-tolerant seeds. Furthermore, the presence of large agribusinesses and growing awareness among farmers regarding the economic benefits of drought-resistant crops are catalyzing market penetration across the region.

In contrast, emerging economies in Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are facing unique challenges in adopting drought-tolerant sugarcane seeds. While these regions are experiencing increased interest due to localized drought events and policy shifts toward sustainable agriculture, barriers such as limited access to advanced seed technologies, inadequate extension services, and fragmented distribution networks are hindering widespread adoption. However, targeted government subsidies, international collaborations, and capacity-building programs are gradually improving market accessibility. These efforts are expected to bridge adoption gaps and unlock substantial growth potential in these high-need regions over the forecast period.

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Mealworm Farm Tower Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the Global Mealworm Farm Tower market size was valued at $327 million in 2024 and is projected to reach $1.12 billion by 2033, expanding at a remarkable CAGR of 14.7% during the forecast period of 2025–2033. One of the major factors fueling the growth of the mealworm farm tower market globally is the increasing demand for sustainable protein sources, driven by both animal feed and human consumption needs. The market’s rapid expansion is also being propelled by technological advancements in automated and modular farm tower systems, which are making mealworm farming more efficient, scalable, and accessible across various end-user segments. As environmental concerns and food security issues intensify, the adoption of mealworm farm towers is emerging as a viable solution for sustainable agriculture and circular economy initiatives worldwide.

Regional Outlook

Europe currently holds the largest share of the global mealworm farm tower market, accounting for over 35% of the total market value in 2024. This dominance can be attributed to the region’s mature agricultural technology sector, strong regulatory support for alternative protein sources, and increasing consumer awareness regarding sustainability. Countries like the Netherlands, France, and Germany have pioneered the adoption of insect farming for both animal feed and human consumption, supported by favorable policies and significant investment in research and development. Additionally, the European Union’s proactive stance on circular economy and waste reduction has fostered a robust ecosystem for mealworm farming innovation, leading to the rapid commercialization and scaling of both automated and modular farm tower solutions.

The Asia Pacific region is anticipated to be the fastest-growing market for mealworm farm towers, with a projected CAGR of 17.3% through 2033. This impressive growth trajectory is fueled by rising urbanization, increasing protein demand, and heightened government initiatives to promote sustainable agriculture across countries such as China, Thailand, and South Korea. The region’s large population base, coupled with a growing middle class, is driving demand for alternative protein sources, both for animal feed and direct human consumption. Furthermore, significant investments from venture capitalists and agritech startups are accelerating the development and deployment of innovative mealworm farming technologies tailored to local needs, making Asia Pacific a hotbed for market expansion.

Emerging economies in Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are gradually adopting mealworm farm towers, though they face unique challenges. While the potential for sustainable protein production is high in these regions, factors such as limited access to advanced farming technologies, insufficient regulatory frameworks, and lower consumer awareness have slowed market penetration. Nevertheless, localized demand for animal feed and organic fertilizers, as well as increasing interest in circular waste management solutions, are beginning to drive pilot projects and small-scale commercial operations. Policy reforms and international partnerships are expected to play a crucial role in overcoming adoption barriers and unlocking the growth potential of mealworm farm tower solutions in these emerging markets.

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Butachlor-Pretilachlor Mix Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the Global Butachlor-Pretilachlor Mix market size was valued at $1.12 billion in 2024 and is projected to reach $1.93 billion by 2033, expanding at a CAGR of 6.2% during 2024–2033. The primary driver for this robust growth is the rising demand for effective and broad-spectrum herbicides in major cereal-producing regions, particularly in Asia Pacific, where rice and wheat cultivation dominate agricultural practices. The synergistic action of butachlor and pretilachlor in controlling a wide range of weeds, coupled with the need for higher crop yields to meet global food security challenges, is fueling the adoption of these combination herbicides across both developed and emerging markets.

Regional Outlook

Asia Pacific continues to command the largest share of the Butachlor-Pretilachlor Mix market, accounting for over 56% of global revenues in 2024. This dominance is underpinned by the region’s vast agricultural footprint, particularly in countries such as China, India, Vietnam, and Thailand, where rice and wheat are staple crops. The mature and well-established agrochemical distribution networks, favorable government policies supporting crop protection, and the presence of major domestic manufacturers contribute to the region’s leadership. Furthermore, the high prevalence of weed infestation in paddy fields and the increasing mechanization of farming practices are accelerating the adoption of premixed herbicides, making Asia Pacific a highly lucrative market for butachlor-pretilachlor formulations.

In contrast, Latin America is emerging as the fastest-growing region for the Butachlor-Pretilachlor Mix market, expected to register a CAGR of 7.5% from 2024 to 2033. The rapid expansion of commercial agriculture, particularly in Brazil and Argentina, is driving demand for innovative weed management solutions. Investments in modernizing agricultural practices, coupled with a shift towards high-value crops and export-oriented farming, are increasing the uptake of combination herbicides. Regulatory reforms aimed at improving agrochemical registration processes and the growing presence of international agrochemical companies are further propelling market growth in this region.

Meanwhile, emerging economies in Africa and parts of Southeast Asia are witnessing gradual adoption of the Butachlor-Pretilachlor Mix, though challenges persist. Limited farmer awareness, fragmented landholdings, and inadequate distribution infrastructure hinder widespread usage. Additionally, regulatory barriers and inconsistent policy enforcement can impact market penetration. However, localized government initiatives to boost food production and combat weed-related yield losses are creating pockets of demand. As awareness of the benefits of combination herbicides grows and supply chains mature, these regions are poised for incremental market growth over the coming decade.

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Red Palm Weevil Pheromone Trap Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the Global Red Palm Weevil Pheromone Trap market size was valued at $210 million in 2024 and is projected to reach $430 million by 2033, expanding at a CAGR of 8.4% during the forecast period of 2025–2033. The primary driver of this robust growth is the rising incidence of red palm weevil infestations, which pose a significant threat to palm cultivation worldwide, especially in regions with extensive date palm and coconut plantations. The growing awareness among farmers and horticulturists regarding sustainable and eco-friendly pest management solutions is also fueling the adoption of pheromone traps as a preferred method for monitoring and controlling these destructive pests. This market’s positive outlook is further underpinned by increasing investments in integrated pest management (IPM) strategies and the development of advanced pheromone formulations, which enhance trap efficacy and longevity.

Regional Outlook

Asia Pacific currently holds the largest share of the Red Palm Weevil Pheromone Trap market, accounting for nearly 43% of global revenue in 2024. This dominance is attributed to the region's vast palm cultivation areas, particularly in countries such as India, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand. The maturity of the market in this region is supported by strong governmental policies aimed at safeguarding agricultural yields and promoting sustainable pest control practices. Additionally, the presence of leading manufacturers, coupled with the rapid adoption of pheromone-based pest management in commercial agriculture, has further cemented Asia Pacific’s leadership. The integration of advanced trap technologies and government-backed awareness campaigns have also contributed to the widespread acceptance and deployment of these traps among local farmers and agribusinesses.

The Middle East & Africa region is projected to be the fastest-growing market, with a forecasted CAGR exceeding 10.2% between 2025 and 2033. This rapid growth is driven by the critical economic importance of date palm cultivation in countries such as Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Egypt. These nations have witnessed significant investments in agricultural innovation and pest management infrastructure, spurred by the need to protect high-value crops from widespread weevil infestations. Additionally, the region benefits from proactive governmental initiatives, including subsidies for pheromone trap deployment and partnerships with international research institutes, which are accelerating the adoption rate. The increasing incidence of red palm weevil outbreaks has led to a surge in demand for effective and environmentally friendly pest control solutions, making pheromone traps a top priority for both commercial growers and policy makers.

In contrast, emerging economies in Latin America and parts of Africa are experiencing steady but slower adoption of red palm weevil pheromone traps. These regions face several challenges, including limited access to advanced agricultural technologies, lower levels of farmer education regarding integrated pest management, and budget constraints that hinder large-scale deployment. However, localized demand is growing as awareness spreads and governments begin to recognize the significant economic losses caused by red palm weevil infestations. Policy reforms and international collaborations are gradually improving market penetration, but the pace of adoption remains highly dependent on public sector support, training initiatives, and the availability of affordable trap solutions tailored to local needs.

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