The datasets contains date- and state-wise historically compiled data on air quality (by pollution level) in rural and urban areas of India from the year 2015 , as measured by Central Pollution Board (CPCB) through its daily (24 hourly measurements, taken at 4 PM everyday) Air Quality Index (AQI) reports.

The CPCB measures air quality by continuous online monitoring of various pollutants such as Particulate Matter10 (PM10), Particulate Matter2.5 (PM2.5), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Oxide or Oxides of Nitrogen (NO2), Ozone (O3), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Ammonic (NH3) and Lead (Pb) and calculating their level of pollution in the ambient air. Based on the each pollutant load in the air and their associated health impacts, the CPCB calculates the overall Air Pollution in Air Quality Index (AQI) value and publishes the data. This AQI data is then used by CPCB to report the air quality status i.e good, satisfactory, moderate, poor, very poor and severe, etc. of a particular location and their related health impacts because of air pollution.

Annual particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations in India averaged **** micrograms per cubic meter of air (µg/m³) in 2024. While annual PM2.5 levels have fallen roughly ** percent since 2018, they remain more than ** times above the World Health Organization's recommended limit of five µg/m³.

Data on India's Air Quality - state-wise air pollution due to PM 2.5, ozone and solid fuels, deaths due to pollution, and comparison with global peers.

New Delhi was the most polluted city in India in 2024, based on an average air quality index (AQI) of ***. The seven most polluted cities in India in 2024 all had AQI levels above ***. An AQI between 151 and 200 is classified as unhealthy. Air pollution in India India was the third most polluted country in the world in 2023, behind only Bangladesh and Pakistan. The South Asian country recorded an average annual fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentration of ** micrograms per cubic meter of air (µg/m3) that year, more than ** times above the World Health Organization’s recommended limit. Health effects of air pollution Exposure to air pollution can lead to a range of health issues, such as strokes, respiratory conditions, and cardiovascular disease. Air pollution is attributable to millions of premature deaths every year around the world, with India one of the most affected countries.

The dataset contains air quality information for various cities across India. It includes parameters such as Air Quality Index (AQI), concentrations of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), as well as geographical coordinates and time stamps. This dataset enables analysis and comparison of air quality levels among different cities, aiding in understanding environmental health impacts and informing policy decisions.

Between 2000 and 2022, annual sulfur dioxide (SO₂) emissions in India grew by approximately *** percent. During this same period, nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions increased by almost ** percent. Exposure to both these air pollutants can lead to a variety of health issues in humans, including respiratory problems. They are formed during the burning of fossil fuels in sources such as road transportation and power plants.

Compared to the Air Quality Index in March and April, 2019, the same time period in 2020 saw a decline of 51 percent in the southern city of Bengaluru in India. The nationwide lockdown to contain the coronavirus (COVID-19) had suspended industrial production across sectors and curbed vehicular movement throughout the country. This brought down pollution levels significantly across Indian cities. Levels of nitrogen dioxide were also reported to have fallen according to satellite imagery.

The country went into lockdown on March 25, 2020, the largest in the world, restricting 1.3 billion people and got extended until May 17, 2020.

Analysis of ‘Daily Air Pollution Data - India & USA’ provided by Analyst-2 (analyst-2.ai), based on source dataset retrieved from https://www.kaggle.com/sumandey/daily-air-quality-dataset-india on 28 January 2022.

--- Dataset description provided by original source is as follows ---

Context

Air Pollution is a major health concern of many. However, the COVID-19 pandemic might have some role to play in bringing some changes to the overall quality of air.

Content

The dataset consists of pm2.5 measurements from Jan 2019 to May 2021 of the Major Cities of India & the United States. You also need to understand how pm2.5 classifies Air Quality.

Acknowledgements

Special thanks go to https://aqicn.org for making the data open-source and use it for research purposes.

Inspiration

This data could be used to answer several questions -

• How the air quality been pre and post-Covid.
• How Air Quality varies across different cities.
• Can you forecast the values for the next 1 month.

You are open to coming up with your own analysis as well.

--- Original source retains full ownership of the source dataset ---

In this paper, we are presenting databases and results for 20 Indian cities. Due to space constraints and to avoid repetition, several figures and tables are not included in the main text. The Supplementary contains the following (a) for 20 cities - selected urban airsheds as google KML files showing 0.01º grids (b) for 20 cities - urban-rural built area maps, emission projections for PM2.5 between 2015 and 2030, gridded PM2.5 emission maps, modeled PM2.5 concentration maps, and modeled monthly variation of PM2.5 concentrations for the selected airshed (c) for 20 cities – the WRF modeled wind speed, wind direction, temperature, precipitation and mixing height for the airshed as annual summary figures, summary table showing monthly variation, and database of hourly values (d) for all India – list of number of operational ambient monitoring stations and recommendation number of monitoring stations by state (37) and by district (640) (e) for all India – daily average ambient monitoring data for the period of 2011-2015 from all the stations operational under the national ambient monitoring programme (f) for all India – summary of satellite data + global model based surface PM2.5 estimates for the period of 1998 and 2016 by state (37) and by district (640) and (g) for 20 cities – summary of WRF-CAMx modeled PM2.5 source apportionment.

India Air Pollution: Tax Revenue: % of Total Tax Revenue: Pollution data was reported at 0.000 % in 2021. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 % for 2020. India Air Pollution: Tax Revenue: % of Total Tax Revenue: Pollution data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 % from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2021, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.000 % in 2021 and a record low of 0.000 % in 2021. India Air Pollution: Tax Revenue: % of Total Tax Revenue: Pollution data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s India – Table IN.OECD.ESG: Environmental: Environmentally Related Tax Revenue: Environmental Protection Domains: Non OECD Member: Annual.

In 2023, *** days in India's capital city Delhi had air quality levels ranging from poor to very poor. ** days witnessed air quality in severe to severe plus category. 2020 was the best year during the recorded period with the highest number of days ranging from good to moderate category, due to nationwide lockdown because of the Covid pandemic.

The average number of deaths caused by air pollution in India was estimated at over two million in 2021. The number of deaths caused by air pollution in India has increased by almost 60 percent since 1990.

Byrnihat was the most polluted city in India in 2024, with an average PM2.5 concentration of nearly 130 micrograms per cubic meter of air (μg/m³). This high level of pollution made the small industrial town on the Assam Meghalaya border the most polluted cities worldwide in 2024. Poor air quality across India India was the fifth-most polluted country in the world in 2024, with an average PM2.5 concentration of 50.6 μg/m³. That same year, the country's capital New Delhi was also the most polluted capital city in the world. Vehicle exhaust and wood burning are some of the main sources of particulate air pollution in India, together with soil, road and construction dust . Impacts of air pollution in India The severe air pollution in India can have detrimental health impacts on the country's population. Fine particle pollutants penetrate deeply in the lungs, causing respiratory problems and can even result in premature death. More than two million deaths are attibuted to air pollution in India every year.

Indoor air pollutant concentration data is collected for all the seasons in Pune city, India, from internet of things-based system built using low-cost sensors. The raw data contains 1,73,468 records collected from Nov 2020 to July 2022. Air pollutant PM2.5 (Particulate Matter) is measured using GP2Y1010AU0F Dust Smoke Particle Sensor, NO2 (Nitrogen Dioxide), NH3 (Ammonia) and CO (Carbon Monoxide) pollutant measured using MICS-6814 sensor. Ozone (O3) measured using MQ131 Semiconductor Sensor. Temperature, Humidity measured using BME 280 sensor. Measurement units of NH3 is PPM, NO2 in PPM, CO in PPM, PM2.5 in ug/m3, Temperature in Celsius, Pressure in hPa, Humidity in RH, Ozone in PPB. This data can be used for study and evaluations of prediction models, low-cost sensor data and calibration. It can be used for the study of the pollutant’s patterns in COVID-19 pandemic. It will help policymakers to develop policies to monitor air pollution impact.

Air pollution was linked to an estimated 70 percent of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) deaths in India in 2021. Meanwhile, around 40 percent of stroke and ischaemic heart disease deaths were linked to air pollution. There are more than two million deaths attributable to air pollution in India every year.

India Air Pollution: Tax Revenue: % of GDP data was reported at 0.630 % in 2014. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.678 % for 2013. India Air Pollution: Tax Revenue: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 0.783 % from Dec 2005 (Median) to 2014, with 10 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.041 % in 2005 and a record low of 0.630 % in 2014. India Air Pollution: Tax Revenue: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s India – Table IN.OECD.ESG: Environmental: Environmentally Related Tax Revenue: Environmental Protection Domains: Non OECD Member: Annual.

Air Quality Forecast: Contaminant Concentration: PM2.5: India: New Delhi data was reported at 137.209 mcg/Cub m in 22 May 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 140.762 mcg/Cub m for 21 May 2025. Air Quality Forecast: Contaminant Concentration: PM2.5: India: New Delhi data is updated daily, averaging 67.523 mcg/Cub m from Oct 2019 (Median) to 22 May 2025, with 2038 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 423.393 mcg/Cub m in 15 Jan 2021 and a record low of 14.475 mcg/Cub m in 10 Sep 2023. Air Quality Forecast: Contaminant Concentration: PM2.5: India: New Delhi data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by CEIC Data. The data is categorized under Global Database’s India – Table CAMS.AQF: Air Quality Forecast: Contaminant Concentration: PM2.5: by Cities. [COVID-19-IMPACT]

India IN: Mortality Rate Attributed to Household and Ambient Air Pollution: Age-standardized: Male data was reported at 202.000 NA in 2016. India IN: Mortality Rate Attributed to Household and Ambient Air Pollution: Age-standardized: Male data is updated yearly, averaging 202.000 NA from Dec 2016 (Median) to 2016, with 1 observations. India IN: Mortality Rate Attributed to Household and Ambient Air Pollution: Age-standardized: Male data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s India – Table IN.World Bank.WDI: Health Statistics. Mortality rate attributed to household and ambient air pollution is the number of deaths attributable to the joint effects of household and ambient air pollution in a year per 100,000 population. The rates are age-standardized. Following diseases are taken into account: acute respiratory infections (estimated for all ages); cerebrovascular diseases in adults (estimated above 25 years); ischaemic heart diseases in adults (estimated above 25 years); chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults (estimated above 25 years); and lung cancer in adults (estimated above 25 years).; ; World Health Organization, Global Health Observatory Data Repository (http://apps.who.int/ghodata/).; Weighted average;

This replication package contains the data and code necessary to reproduce the results in "Environmental Regulations and Air Pollution in India: A Reexamination" by Olexiy Kyrychenko. It includes all analyses from the paper, along with the tables and figures from the Online Appendix.

Subscribers can find out export and import data of 23 countries by HS code or product’s name. This demo is helpful for market analysis.