Annual emissions of various air pollutants in the United States have experienced dramatic reductions over the past half a century. As of 2024, emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) had reduced by more than ** percent since 1970 to *** million tons. Sulfur dioxide (SO₂) emissions have also fallen dramatically in recent decades, dropping from ** million tons to *** million tons between 1990 and 2024. Air pollutants can pose serious health hazards to humans, with the number of air pollution related deaths in the U.S. averaging ****** a year.

Data from the Puget Sound Clean Air Agency provides the number of days in each of the following air quality categories: Good, Moderate, Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups, and Unhealthy.

In 2022, the pollution of PM10 in Singapore increased by three point to 24 microgram per cubic meter. Singapore's air quality target by 2020 was to bring the PM10 level below 20 gram per cubic meter in the annual mean.

Sources of PM10 

PM10 refers to atmospheric particulate matter of 10 micrometers or less in diameter. Sources of particulate matter emissions include fuel combustion from electricity utilities, industrial activities, and transport. In Singapore, the main sources of air pollution are emissions from industries and motor vehicles. Periodically, the region's transboundary haze from land smoke and forest fires can affect Singapore's air quality. The worst haze episode in recent years was in 2015, from forest fires in Indonesia used to clear land for palm oil and rubber plantations. During this period, the Pollutant Standards Index hit the highest levels, affecting the PM2.5 and PM10 levels.

Measures for air quality in Singapore 

High exposure to PM10 pollutants can lead to health effects such as high blood pressure and heart attacks. To maintain good air quality and reduce the impact of air pollution on health, the Singapore government regularly reviews air emission standards for industries and vehicles. An integrated urban and industrial planning strategy, as well as development control, are used by the government to minimize air pollution. Complementary measures include strict enforcement programs and regular air quality monitoring. As a result, air quality remains good despite the densely populated urban landscape and the considerable industrial activity. The air is less polluted than in many Asian cities, making Singapore one of the countries with the best air quality.

Dataset contains information on New York City air quality surveillance data.

Air pollution is one of the most important environmental threats to urban populations and while all people are exposed, pollutant emissions, levels of exposure, and population vulnerability vary across neighborhoods. Exposures to common air pollutants have been linked to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and premature deaths. These indicators provide a perspective across time and NYC geographies to better characterize air quality and health in NYC. Data can also be explored online at the Environment and Health Data Portal: http://nyc.gov/health/environmentdata.

The Global Air Quality Data dataset provides an extensive compilation of air quality measurements from various prominent cities worldwide. This dataset includes crucial environmental indicators such as particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O3), along with meteorological data like temperature, humidity, and wind speed. With 10,000 records, this dataset is ideal for researchers, data scientists, and policy makers looking to analyze air quality trends, understand the impact of pollution on health, and develop strategies for environmental improvement.

The dataset is composed of the following columns:

City: The name of the city where the air quality measurement was taken. Country: The country in which the city is located. Date: The date when the measurement was recorded. PM2.5: The concentration of fine particulate matter with a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometers (µg/m³). PM10: The concentration of particulate matter with a diameter of less than 10 micrometers (µg/m³). NO2: The concentration of nitrogen dioxide (µg/m³). SO2: The concentration of sulfur dioxide (µg/m³). CO: The concentration of carbon monoxide (mg/m³). O3: The concentration of ozone (µg/m³). Temperature: The temperature at the time of measurement (°C). Humidity: The humidity level at the time of measurement (%). Wind Speed: The wind speed at the time of measurement (m/s).

The mean annual concentration level of PM2.5 particles in China dropped moderately in recent years. It amounted to 47.7 micrograms per cubic meter in 2019. To target the air pollution problems caused by rapid industrialization and high energy consumption, the Chinese government released strict action plans with specific PM2.5 reduction targets for different economic regions. Coal consumption was cut down in China according to the new measures.

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) provides air pollution data about ozone and particulate matter (PM2.5) to CDC for the Tracking Network. The EPA maintains a database called the Air Quality System (AQS) which contains data from approximately 4,000 monitoring stations around the country, mainly in urban areas. Data from the AQS is considered the "gold standard" for determining outdoor air pollution. However, AQS data are limited because the monitoring stations are usually in urban areas or cities and because they only take air samples for some air pollutants every three days or during times of the year when air pollution is very high. CDC and EPA have worked together to develop a statistical model (Downscaler) to make modeled predictions available for environmental public health tracking purposes in areas of the country that do not have monitors and to fill in the time gaps when monitors may not be recording data. This data does not include "Percent of population in counties exceeding NAAQS (vs. population in counties that either meet the standard or do not monitor PM2.5)". Please visit the Tracking homepage for this information.View additional information for indicator definitions and documentation by selecting Content Area "Air Quality" and the respective indicator at the following website: http://ephtracking.cdc.gov/showIndicatorsData.action

This dataset contains quality assured and DOEE-certified air quality data collected from the District’s five air monitoring network sites. The dataset covers a three-year period and includes hourly concentration data points from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)’s criteria pollutants, air toxics, and speciation. It also includes hourly surface meteorology data points.

This dataset contains trends in days violating air quality standards by date for the Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington Core-Based Statistical Area (CBSA).In order to convey the health impacts of air pollution to the general public, the US EPA has created a color-coded scale to identify pollutant levels in simple terms. This scale is referred to as the Air Quality Index (AQI). AQI levels are directly related to the federal air quality standards and pollutant concentrations in the air. The AQI reports pollutant levels for six different categories based on AQI: Good or green (0 to 50), Moderate or yellow (51 to 100), Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups or orange (101 to 150), Unhealthy or red (151 to 200), Very Unhealthy or purple (201 to 300), and Hazardous (301 to 500). Note that no day in 2000 or subsequent years has qualified as hazardous, so it is not present in the charts. Sensitive groups are defined as children, older adults, and those with breathing impairments. When the AQI reaches Code Orange or higher for any of the pollutants, an air quality standard violation has occurred.

Air quality standards have been revised a number of times since 1997, and the data in these charts is normalized to the current standard.

The Office of Air and Radiation's (OAR) Ambient Air Quality Data (Current) contains ambient air pollution data collected by EPA, other federal agencies, as well as state, local, and tribal air pollution control agencies. Its component data sets have been collected over the years from approximately 10,000 monitoring sites, of which approximately 5,000 are currently active. OAR's Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS) and other internal and external users, rely on this data to assess air quality, assist in Attainment/Non-Attainment designations, evaluate State Implementation Plans for Non-Attainment Areas, perform modeling for permit review analysis, and other air quality management functions. Air quality information is also used to prepare reports for Congress as mandated by the Clean Air Act. This data covers air quality data collected after 1980, when the Clean Air Act requirements for monitoring were significantly modified. Air quality data from the Agency's early years (1970s) remains available (see OAR PRIMARY DATA ASSET: Ambient Air Quality Data -- Historical), but because of technical and definitional differences the two data assets are not directly comparable. The Clean Air Act of 1970 provided initial authority for monitoring air quality for Conventional Air Pollutants (CAPs) for which EPA has promulgated National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). Requirements for monitoring visibility-related parameters were added in 1977. Requirements for monitoring acid deposition and Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) were added in 1990. Most monitoring sites contain multiple instruments. Most also report meteorological data, including wind speed and direction, humidity, atmospheric pressure, inbound solar radiation, precipitation and other factors relevant to air quality analysis. The current system of sites represents a number of independently-defined monitoring networks with different regulatory or scientific purposes, such as the State and Local Air Monitoring System, the National Air Toxics Trends sites, the Urban Air Toxics sites, the IMPROVE visibility monitoring network, the air toxics monitoring sites for schools, and others. (A complete list of air quality monitoring networks is available at https://www.epa.gov/???). Efforts are under way through NCore Multipollutant Monitoring Network (https://www.epa.gov/ttnamti1/ncore/index.html) to streamline and integrate advanced air quality measurement systems to minimize costs of data collection. Measurements and estimates from these networks are collected across the entire U.S., including all states and territories, with emphasis on documenting pollutant exposures in populated areas.Sampling frequencies vary by pollutant (hourly, 3- and 8-hour, daily, monthly, seasonal, and annual measurements), as required by different NAAQS. Some 50,000 measurements per day are added to the EPA's central air quality data repository, the Air Quality System (AQS). All data, including meteorological information, is public and non-confidential and available through the AQS Data Mart (https://www.epa.gov/ttn/airs/aqsdatamart/). Generally, data for one calendar quarter are reported by the end of the following quarter; some values may be subsequently changed due to quality assurance activities.

The datasets contains date- and state-wise historically compiled data on air quality (by pollution level) in rural and urban areas of India from the year 2015 , as measured by Central Pollution Board (CPCB) through its daily (24 hourly measurements, taken at 4 PM everyday) Air Quality Index (AQI) reports.

The CPCB measures air quality by continuous online monitoring of various pollutants such as Particulate Matter10 (PM10), Particulate Matter2.5 (PM2.5), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Oxide or Oxides of Nitrogen (NO2), Ozone (O3), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Ammonic (NH3) and Lead (Pb) and calculating their level of pollution in the ambient air. Based on the each pollutant load in the air and their associated health impacts, the CPCB calculates the overall Air Pollution in Air Quality Index (AQI) value and publishes the data. This AQI data is then used by CPCB to report the air quality status i.e good, satisfactory, moderate, poor, very poor and severe, etc. of a particular location and their related health impacts because of air pollution.

This United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) feature layer represents monitoring site data, updated hourly concentrations and Air Quality Index (AQI) values for the latest hour received from monitoring sites that report to AirNow.Map and forecast data are collected using federal reference or equivalent monitoring techniques or techniques approved by the state, local or tribal monitoring agencies. To maintain "real-time" maps, the data are displayed after the end of each hour. Although preliminary data quality assessments are performed, the data in AirNow are not fully verified and validated through the quality assurance procedures monitoring organizations used to officially submit and certify data on the EPA Air Quality System (AQS).This data sharing, and centralization creates a one-stop source for real-time and forecast air quality data. The benefits include quality control, national reporting consistency, access to automated mapping methods, and data distribution to the public and other data systems. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Park Service, tribal, state, and local agencies developed the AirNow system to provide the public with easy access to national air quality information. State and local agencies report the Air Quality Index (AQI) for cities across the US and parts of Canada and Mexico. AirNow data are used only to report the AQI, not to formulate or support regulation, guidance or any other EPA decision or position.About the AQIThe Air Quality Index (AQI) is an index for reporting daily air quality. It tells you how clean or polluted your air is, and what associated health effects might be a concern for you. The AQI focuses on health effects you may experience within a few hours or days after breathing polluted air. EPA calculates the AQI for five major air pollutants regulated by the Clean Air Act: ground-level ozone, particle pollution (also known as particulate matter), carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide. For each of these pollutants, EPA has established national air quality standards to protect public health. Ground-level ozone and airborne particles (often referred to as "particulate matter") are the two pollutants that pose the greatest threat to human health in this country.A number of factors influence ozone formation, including emissions from cars, trucks, buses, power plants, and industries, along with weather conditions. Weather is especially favorable for ozone formation when it’s hot, dry and sunny, and winds are calm and light. Federal and state regulations, including regulations for power plants, vehicles and fuels, are helping reduce ozone pollution nationwide.Fine particle pollution (or "particulate matter") can be emitted directly from cars, trucks, buses, power plants and industries, along with wildfires and woodstoves. But it also forms from chemical reactions of other pollutants in the air. Particle pollution can be high at different times of year, depending on where you live. In some areas, for example, colder winters can lead to increased particle pollution emissions from woodstove use, and stagnant weather conditions with calm and light winds can trap PM2.5 pollution near emission sources. Federal and state rules are helping reduce fine particle pollution, including clean diesel rules for vehicles and fuels, and rules to reduce pollution from power plants, industries, locomotives, and marine vessels, among others.How Does the AQI Work?Think of the AQI as a yardstick that runs from 0 to 500. The higher the AQI value, the greater the level of air pollution and the greater the health concern. For example, an AQI value of 50 represents good air quality with little potential to affect public health, while an AQI value over 300 represents hazardous air quality.An AQI value of 100 generally corresponds to the national air quality standard for the pollutant, which is the level EPA has set to protect public health. AQI values below 100 are generally thought of as satisfactory. When AQI values are above 100, air quality is considered to be unhealthy-at first for certain sensitive groups of people, then for everyone as AQI values get higher.Understanding the AQIThe purpose of the AQI is to help you understand what local air quality means to your health. To make it easier to understand, the AQI is divided into six categories:Air Quality Index(AQI) ValuesLevels of Health ConcernColorsWhen the AQI is in this range:..air quality conditions are:...as symbolized by this color:0 to 50GoodGreen51 to 100ModerateYellow101 to 150Unhealthy for Sensitive GroupsOrange151 to 200UnhealthyRed201 to 300Very UnhealthyPurple301 to 500HazardousMaroonNote: Values above 500 are considered Beyond the AQI. Follow recommendations for the Hazardous category. Additional information on reducing exposure to extremely high levels of particle pollution is available here.Each category corresponds to a different level of health concern. The six levels of health concern and what they mean are:"Good" AQI is 0 to 50. Air quality is considered satisfactory, and air pollution poses little or no risk."Moderate" AQI is 51 to 100. Air quality is acceptable; however, for some pollutants there may be a moderate health concern for a very small number of people. For example, people who are unusually sensitive to ozone may experience respiratory symptoms."Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups" AQI is 101 to 150. Although general public is not likely to be affected at this AQI range, people with lung disease, older adults and children are at a greater risk from exposure to ozone, whereas persons with heart and lung disease, older adults and children are at greater risk from the presence of particles in the air."Unhealthy" AQI is 151 to 200. Everyone may begin to experience some adverse health effects, and members of the sensitive groups may experience more serious effects."Very Unhealthy" AQI is 201 to 300. This would trigger a health alert signifying that everyone may experience more serious health effects."Hazardous" AQI greater than 300. This would trigger a health warnings of emergency conditions. The entire population is more likely to be affected.AQI colorsEPA has assigned a specific color to each AQI category to make it easier for people to understand quickly whether air pollution is reaching unhealthy levels in their communities. For example, the color orange means that conditions are "unhealthy for sensitive groups," while red means that conditions may be "unhealthy for everyone," and so on.Air Quality Index Levels of Health ConcernNumericalValueMeaningGood0 to 50Air quality is considered satisfactory, and air pollution poses little or no risk.Moderate51 to 100Air quality is acceptable; however, for some pollutants there may be a moderate health concern for a very small number of people who are unusually sensitive to air pollution.Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups101 to 150Members of sensitive groups may experience health effects. The general public is not likely to be affected.Unhealthy151 to 200Everyone may begin to experience health effects; members of sensitive groups may experience more serious health effects.Very Unhealthy201 to 300Health alert: everyone may experience more serious health effects.Hazardous301 to 500Health warnings of emergency conditions. The entire population is more likely to be affected.Note: Values above 500 are considered Beyond the AQI. Follow recommendations for the "Hazardous category." Additional information on reducing exposure to extremely high levels of particle pollution is available here.

This map shows which year had the highest PM 2.5 concentrations between 1998 and 2016 globally. PM 2.5 is fine particulate matter that is 2.5 microns or less in diameter. These particles can cause the air to be hazy, and can get into human lungs and the bloodstream causing major health concerns. To learn more about PM 2.5 and its global/human impacts, visit this World Health Organization page about ambient air pollution.The PM 2.5 data in this map is aggregated from NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC) gridded data into country boundaries, administrative 1 boundaries, and 50 km hex bins. The unit of measurement for PM 2.5 concentrations is micrograms per cubic meter. For full metadata and methodology documentation about the layer used in this map, visit this Living Atlas layer. For metadata and methodology about the data used to generate the layer, visit the NASA SEDAC gridded PM 2.5 documentation page.To learn the techniques used in the analysis that generated this layer, visit the Learn ArcGIS lesson Investigate Pollution Patterns with Space-Time Analysis by Esri's Kevin Bulter and Lynne Buie. Citations:van Donkelaar, A., R. V. Martin, M. Brauer, N. C. Hsu, R. A. Kahn, R. C. Levy, A. Lyapustin, A. M. Sayer, and D. M. Winker. 2018. Global Annual PM2.5 Grids from MODIS, MISR and SeaWiFS Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) with GWR, 1998-2016. Palisades, NY: NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). https://doi.org/10.7927/H4ZK5DQS. Accessed 1 April 2020van Donkelaar, A., R. V. Martin, M. Brauer, N. C. Hsu, R. A. Kahn, R. C. Levy, A. Lyapustin, A. M. Sayer, and D. M. Winker. 2016. Global Estimates of Fine Particulate Matter Using a Combined Geophysical-Statistical Method with Information from Satellites. Environmental Science & Technology 50 (7): 3762-3772. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b05833.

The Historical Ambient Air Quality Data Inventory contains measured and estimated data on ambient air pollution for use in assessing air quality, assisting in designating attainment/non-attainment areas, evaluating state implementation plans for non-attainment areas, performing modeling for permit review analysis, and other air quality functionsThe statutory authority leading to the collection of this information comes from Title I, Part A of the Clean Air Act. Sustance classes include Criteria Air Pollutants, Hazardous Air Pollutants, and Greenhouse Gases. Data no longer collected, current Ambient Air Quality Data Inventory uses higher geographic density and more robust methods of measurement.

Description

This dataset contains the Air Quality Index (AQI) or Indeks Standar Pencemar Udara (ISPU) as measured from 5 air quality monitoring stations (SPKU) in DKI Jakarta from 2010 to 2023.

File description

In this dataset, there are 2 types of files: - ispu_dki*x*: This file represents the AQI measurement results from each monitoring station. “x” is the station sequence number. This file contains measurements from 2010 to 2021. - ispu_dki_all: This file is the combined result of aqi measurements from each station where the highest aqi will represent Jakarta's air quality on that day. This file contains measurement results from 2010 to 2023.

Explanation of variables

1. tanggal : The date when the AQI measurement was recorded.
2. stasiun : The name or identifier of the monitoring station where the measurement was taken.
3. pm10 : The concentration of particulate matter with a diameter of 10 micrometers or less (PM10), measured in micrograms per cubic meter (µg/m³).
4. pm25 : The concentration of particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 micrometers or less (PM2.5), measured in micrograms per cubic meter (µg/m³).
5. so2 : The concentration of sulfur dioxide (SO2), measured in parts per million (ppm).
6. co : The concentration of carbon monoxide (CO), measured in parts per million (ppm).
7. o3 : The concentration of ozone (O3), measured in parts per million (ppm).
8. no2 : The concentration of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), measured in parts per million (ppm).
9. max : The maximum value recorded among the pollutants for that particular date and station. This value represents the highest concentration among PM10, SO2, CO, O3, and NO2.
10. critical: The pollutant that had the highest concentration for that date and station.
11. category : The air quality category based on the 'max' value. It describes the air quality level.

The dataset contains air quality information for various cities across India. It includes parameters such as Air Quality Index (AQI), concentrations of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), as well as geographical coordinates and time stamps. This dataset enables analysis and comparison of air quality levels among different cities, aiding in understanding environmental health impacts and informing policy decisions.

The AQI dataset is collected from 12 observing stations around Beijing from year 2013 to 2017. The data is accessible at The University of California, Irvine (UCI) Machine Learning Repository.

In 2023, there were 822 unhealthy days for ozone and fine particle pollution in the United States. Although this was an increase of more than 220 days from the previous year, the number of unhealthy air days in the U.S. has shown long-term improvement over the past two decades. In the first years of the 2000s, the number of days reaching unhealthy for sensitive groups or above the AQI was typically more than 2,000.