Abstract

A census gives a complete and comprehensive picture of the nation as well as groups of people living in specific areas. In what type of buildings and housing units are we living? What are the amenities and facilities that are available therein? How many rooms are there and what is the extent of overcrowding? How many people live in a given town or locality? How many children are there? How many women are there? How many are old enough to vote? What kind of jobs are we doing? What is our level of education? Do we have the required qualifications or skills to satisfy the needs of the labour market? The census helps to answer these questions and many others.

It provides up-to-date and disaggregated data on the housing conditions, the spatial distribution, and the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the population. These data are essential for assessing the country's demographic, social and economic performance and for developing sound policies and programmes aimed at fostering the welfare of the country and its population.

Census data are also useful to business, industrial and commercial organisations to estimate and forecast demand for their products and services, and to assess the supply of manpower with the relevant skills to run their activities.

Furthermore, census data are used in the derivation of many important and meaningful social indicators that are needed by local and international organizations. Thus, many social indicators, as defined in the set of indicators recommended by the United Nations Statistics Division, can only be worked out from census data.

Legal framework Census 2000 was conducted according to provisions of the Statistics Act of 7 April 1951. The underlying procedures are given in Sections 5, 6 and 13 of the Act. In March 1998, the Cabinet agreed to the conduct of a housing and population census in year 2000. In June 1999, it gave its approval to the census dates and to the topics to be investigated. The regulations for the Housing Census, prescribing the particulars and information to be collected, were subsequently prepared and approved by the President in November 1999. The regulations were published as Government Notice 170 of 1999. In December 1999, the President made an order to the effect that a census of the population be taken between 19 June and 16 July 2000 in respect of all persons alive at midnight on 2 July 2000. The Order was gazetted in December 1999. The regulations for the Population Census, prescribing the particulars and information to be collected were approved by the President in April 2000 and published as Government Notice 57 of 2000.

Geographic coverage

Housing and population enumerations were conducted on the Islands of Mauritius, Rodrigues and Agalega. As regards St Brandon islands, only a count of persons spending census night on the islands was made, these islands being fishing stations with no resident population.

Analysis unit

• Household
• Individual
• Housing unit

Universe

The Housing Census enumerated all buildings, housing units, households, commercial and industrial establishments, hotels and boarding houses as well as fruit trees of bearing age on residential premises.

The Population Census enumerated all persons present on census night in all households and communal establishments, as well as usual residents who were away on census night.

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Mode of data collection

Self administered and face to face

Research instrument

Questionnaire Design Consultation with stakeholders from Government Ministries and Departments started in 1998. Heads of Government Ministries and Departments were invited via a circular letter to submit a list of demographic, social and economic data they considered essential for administration, planning and policy-making and which could be collected at the census. The proposals received were discussed at various levels. In the light of these discussions and taking into account recommendations of the United Nations Statistics Division on subject matters that can be investigated at a census, final selection of topics was made at a meeting with subject matter specialists from our parent Ministry.

The main considerations in the final selection of topics were: - the importance of the topics to the country - the cost for collecting and processing data on a given item - where it was possible by other means to obtain satisfactory information more cheaply, the topic was not selected - the suitability of topics - sensitive and controversial issues as well as questions that were too complicated or difficult for the average respondent to answer were avoided - whether the census was the appropriate method for data collection - topics that required detailed investigation or highly qualified staff were not included since they would be best canvassed by sample surveys.

Housing Census Questionnaire All topics investigated at the 1990 Census were included in the 2000 Housing Census questionnaire. Three new items were however added. These were: “Availability of domestic water tank/reservoir”, “Principal fuel used in bathroom” and “Fruit trees on premises”.

The housing census questionnaire was divided into seven parts. A list of topics and items included in the questionnaire is given below: Part I - Location Part II - Type of Building Part III - Characteristics of buildings - Storeys above ground floor
- Year of completion
- Principal material of construction used for roof and walls
Part IV - Characteristics of housing units - Ownership
- Occupancy
- Water supply
- Domestic water tank/reservoir - Availability of electricity
- Toilet facilities
- Bathing facilities
- Availability of kitchen - Refuse disposal Part V - Characteristics of households - Household type - Name and address of head of household - Number of persons by sex - Tenure - Number of rooms for living purposes - Number of rooms for business or profession - Monthly rent - Principal fuel used for cooking - Principal fuel used in bathroom Part VI - Commercial and industrial establishments, hotels and boarding houses - Name and address of establishment or working proprietor/manager - Main activity in which the establishment is engaged - Number of persons engaged at the time of enumeration Part VII - Fruit-trees on premises - Number of fruit trees of bearing age by type

Population Census Questionnaire The 2000 Population Census questionnaire covered most of the topics investigated at the 1990 Population Census. A question on income was added while the questions on education were reviewed to include qualifications, other than those of the primary and secondary levels, of the respondent. The topic, main activity status of person during the year, which was investigated at the previous census was not included.

Topics and items included in the population census questionnaire are given below: (i) Location (ii) Names of persons These information were asked only to ensure that all members of the household were enumerated. Also, the listing of names of each person facilitated the checking for accuracy and completeness of each entry at the time of enumeration and later, if errors or missing information still persisted on the form. It should be pointed out that names were not captured at the data entry stage, so that data collected could not be identified with any individual person, in line with the requirements of the Statistics Act. (iii) Demographic and social characteristics - Relationship to head (only one head is allowed for each household) - Sex - Age - Date of birth (This question served as a verification to the age reported earlier) - Citizenship - Marital Status - Religion - Linguistic group - Language usually spoken (iv) Whether disabled or not - Type of disability, if disabled (v) Migration characteristics - Whereabouts on Census night - Usual address - Usual address five years ago (vi) Fertility - For persons not single: - Age at first marriage - Whether married more than once - Number of children ever born (for women only) (vii) Education characteristics - For persons 2 years and above: - Languages read and written - School attendance - Primary and secondary education (viii) Current economic characteristics (ix) Income

Census Guide and Instructions A census guide and instructions booklet was prepared and distributed to all heads of households. The booklet contained extensive explanations on how to fill in the census form and answered questions that people usually asked about censuses. Thus the objectives of the census, what happened to the census forms once the enumeration was over, the confidential aspect of collected information as well as the usefulness of each item were explained.

Printing of Census Questionnaires and Guides
The census questionnaires, and the census guide and instructions booklets were printed by the Government Printer. The numbers printed were as follows: (i) Housing Census questionnaires - 16,000 booklets of 25 questionnaires (ii) Population Census questionnaires - 375,000 (iii) Census guide and instructions booklets - 312,000

Cleaning operations

Recruitment and Training of Editors and Coders About 15 clerical officers who were previously engaged in the various units of the Office and 10 newly recruited statistical officers were called on to the editing and coding of the census forms while a request for the services of 50 additional clerical officers was made to the Ministry for Civil Service Affairs and Administrative Reform. Between March 2000 and May 2001, small groups of clerical officers from the ministry joined the

This data collection is comprised of responses from two sets of survey questionnaires, the basic Current Population Survey (CPS) and a survey on the topic of voting and registration in the United States, which was administered as a supplement to the November 2014 CPS questionnaire. The Social, Economic, and Housing Statistics Division of the Census Bureau sponsored the supplemental questions for November. The CPS, administered monthly, is a labor force survey providing current estimates of the economic status and activities of the population of the United States. Specifically, the CPS provides estimates of total employment (both farm and nonfarm), nonfarm self-employed persons, domestics, and unpaid helpers in nonfarm family enterprises, wage and salaried employees, and estimates of total unemployment. Data from the CPS are provided for the week prior to the survey. The voting and registration supplement data are collected every two years to monitor trends in the voting and nonvoting behavior of United States citizens in terms of their different demographic and economic characteristics. The supplement was designed to be a proxy response supplement, meaning a single respondent could provide answers for all eligible household members. The supplement questions were asked of all persons who were both United States citizens and 18 years of age or older. The CPS instrument determined who was eligible for the voting and registration supplement through the use of check items that referred to basic CPS items, including age and citizenship. Respondents were queried on whether they were registered to vote in the November 4, 2014, election, main reasons for not being registered to vote, main reasons for not voting, whether they voted in person or by mail, and method used to register to vote. Demographic variables include age, sex, race, Hispanic origin, marital status, veteran status, educational attainment, occupation, and income.

Abstract

The five-yearly Census of Population and Dwellings is a very important item on Tokelau’s agenda. Its results provide the most authoritative data on how many people we have, what the composition of their households is, what education level they have, how they contribute to Tokelau’s economy, and so on. As a non-self- governing territory, Tokelau has a special constitutional relationship with New Zealand. This special relationship is strengthened by connections between the tiny Tokelau National Statistics Office (TNSO) and Statistics NZ. It is the latter organisation that has been largely responsible for the excellent Tokelau Censuses in 2006, 2011, and again in 2016.

Geographic coverage

National coverage. Tokelauan employees of the Tokelau Public Service based in Apia (and their immediate families), were also interviewed in Apia on census day.

Analysis unit

Individuals and Households.

Universe

The Census covers residents of the non-self-governing New Zealand territory of Tokelau and includes Tokelau public servants and their families who are employed in Apia, Samoa. While visitors to Tokelau on Census night are also included, the ultimate aim of the Census is to provide an accurate assessment of the de jure population. This has in the Censusus of 2006, 2011 and 2016 been done to an exact definition who is included. Previous definitions have been less precise which makes long-term time serie less reliable.

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Sampling procedure

N/A: Census.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument

Questions matched the previous Censuses' format in Paper Assisted Personal Interview (PAPI) as much as possible. The "skips" in PAPI proved a big time saver, and the internal checks for suitability of answers made quality control much faster.

The questionnaire was published in English with the Tokelauan translation for each question. It was divided into two sections: - Dwelling questions - Individual questions.

Cleaning operations

Thanks to the Computer Assisted Personal Interview (CAPI) data collection method, it was possible to quality check census forms on census day as soon as the interviewers uploaded them. Supervisors helped the census management team to quality check every census form and if there were missing answers or errors found, the forms were sent back to the interviewers to fix. The ability to check the quality of answers was one of the major benefits of using tablets for data collection; it made the checking process faster and more thorough. This checking also ensured that the final population counts were able to be released only three weeks after census.

Sampling error estimates

Not applicable: Census.

Data appraisal

Given the small population size, no post-enumeration survey was done.

Abstract

The 1996 Papua New Guinea household survey is designed to measure the living standards of a random sample of PNG households. As well as looking at the purchases, own-production, gift giving/receiving and sales activities of households over a short period (usually 14 days), the survey also collects information on education, health, nutrition, housing conditions and agricultural activities. The survey also collects information on community level access to services for education, health, transport and communication, and on the price levels in each community so that the cost of living can be measured.

There are many uses of the data that the survey collects, but one main aim is for the results to help government, aid agencies and donors have a better picture of living conditions in all areas of PNG so that they can develop policies and projects that help to alleviate poverty. In addition, the survey will provide a socio-economic profile of Papua New Guinea, describing the access that the population has to agricultural, educational, health and transportation services, their participation in various economic activities, and household consumption patterns.

The survey is nationwide and the same questionnaire is being used in all parts of the country, including the urban areas. This fact can be pointed out if households find that some of the questions are irrelevant for their own living circumstances: there are at least some Papua New Guinean households for which the questions will be relevant and it is only by asking everyone the same questions that living standards can be compared.

Geographic coverage

The survey covers all provinces except Noth Solomons.

Analysis unit

• Household
• Individual
• Community

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The Household Listing Form and Selection of the Sample Listing of households is the first job to be done after the team has settled in and completed the introductions to the community. Listing is best done by the whole team working together. This way they all get to know the community and its lay-out. However, if the census unit is too large this wastes too much time. So before beginning asks how many households there are, very roughly, in the census unit (noting that teams are supplied with the number of households that were there in the 1990 census). If the answer is 80 or more, divide the team into two and have each half-team work on one sector of the community/village. See the section below on what to do when the listing work is divided up.

If the census unit is a "line-up point" that does not correspond to any single village or community the number of households will often exceed 200 and frequently they are also quite dispersed. In this case it is not practical to attempt to list the whole census unit, so a decision is made in advance to split the census unit into smaller areas (perhaps groupings of clans). First, a local informant must communicate the boundaries of the census unit and for natural or administrative sub-units with the larger census unit (such as hamlets; or canyons/valleys). The sub-units should be big enough to allow for the selection of a set of households (about 30 or more), but should not be so large that excessive transport time will be needed each day just to find the household. Once the subunit is defined, its boundaries should be clearly described. Then one of the smaller units is randomly selected and the procedures outlined above are then followed to complete the listing. Note: only one of the sub-units are listed, sample chosen, and interviews undertaken.

The most important thing in the listing is to be sure that you list all the households and only the households belonging to the named village or census unit (or subset of the census unit if it is a line-up point). In rural areas, explain to village leaders at the beginning: "We have to write down all the households belonging to (Name) village." In case of doubt, always ask: "Does this household belong to (Name) village?" In the towns, the selected area is shown on a map. Check that the address where you are listing is within the same area shown.

Also explain: "We only write down the name of the head of household. When we have the list of all the households, we will select 12 by chance, for interview."

Procedure for Listing The listing team walks around in every part of the village, accompanied by a guide who is a member of the village. If possible, find a person who conducted the 1990 Census in this community or someone with similar knowledge of the community and ask them to be your guide. Make sure you go to all parts of the village, including outlying hamlets. In hamlets, on in any place far from the centre, always check: "Do these people belong to (Name) village?"

In every part of the village, ask the guide about every house: "Who lives in this house? What is the name of the household head?" Note that you do not have to visit every household. At best, you just need to see each house but you do not need to go inside it or talk to anyone who lives there. Even the rule of seeing each house may be relaxed if there are far away household for which good information can be provided by the guide.

Enter the names of household heads in the lines of the listing form. One line is used for each household. As the lines are numbered, the procedure gives a number to each household. When you come to the last house, check with the guide: "Are you sure we have seen all the houses in the village?"

NOTE: It does not matter in what order you list the households as long as they are all listed. After the listing is complete, check that all lines are numbered consecutively with no gaps, from start to finish. The number on the last line should be exactly the number of households listed.

Note: If the list is long (say more than 30 households) interviewer may encounter difficulties when looking for their selected household. One useful way to avoid this is to show the approximately the place in the list here certain landmarks come. This can be done by writing in the margin, CHURCH or STORE or whatever. You can also indicate where the lister started in a hamlet, for example.

Sample Selection The sampling work is done by the supervisor. The first steps are done at the foot of the first page of the listing form. The steps to be taken are as follows:

1. Fill in the numbers asked for at the foot of the last listing page, as follows:
2. M: enter the total number of households listed (same as last household number shown).
3. Interval L: calculate (M / 15) to the nearest whole number.
4. R: This is a random number with 3-digit decimals between 0.000 and 0.999.

5. MR: multiply M by R and round to the nearest whole number. (If decimal 0.5, round up).

6. MR gives the 1st selection. (Exception: If MR=0, L gives the first selection.) Enter S against this line in the selection column of the list.

7. Count down the list, beginning after the 1st selection, a distance of L lines to get the 2nd selection, then another L to get the 3rd, etc. When you come to the bottom of the list, jump back to the top as if the list were circular. Stop after the 15th selection. Mark the 13th, 14th, and 15th selections "RES" (for reserve). Mark the 1st - 12th selection "S" (for selection).

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The 1996 Papua New Guinea Household Survey questionnaire consists of three basic parts:

Household questionnaire first visit: asks a series of questions about the household, discovering who lives there, what they do, their characteristics, where they live, and a little about what kinds of things they consume. This questionnaire consists of the following sections. - Section 1. Household Roster - Section 2. Education - Section 3. Income Sources - Section 4. Health - Section 5. Foods in the Diet - Section 6. Housing Conditions - Section 7. Agricultural Assets, Inputs and Services - Section 8. Anthropometrics - Section 9. Household Stocks

Consumption recall (second visit questionnaire): is focused primarily on assessing the household's expenditure, gift giving and recieving, production, and level of wealth. The information in the first and second visits will provide information that can determine the household's level of consumption, nutrition, degree of food security, and ways in which it organizes its income earning activities. This questionnaire consists of the following sections. - Section 1. Purchases of Food - Section 2. Other Frequent Purchases - Section 3. Own-production of Food - Section 4. Gifts Received: Food and Frequent Purchases (START) - Section 5. Annual Expenses and Gifts - Section 6. Inventory of Durable Goods - Section 7. Inward Transfers of Money - Section 8. Outward Transfers of Money - Section 9. Prices - Section 10. Repeat of Anthropometric Measurements - Section 11. Quality of Life

Community Questionnaire: which is completed by the interview team in consultation with community leaders. This questionnaire also includes market price surveys that are carried out by the team when they are working in the community. Associated with this is a listing of all households in the community, which has to be done prior to the selection of the 12 households. This questionnaire consists of the following sections. - Section A. Listing of Community Assets - Section B. Education - Section C. Health - Section D. Town or Government Station - Section E: Transport and Communications - Section F. Prices - Section G. Changes in Economic Activity, Infrastructure, and Services

Abstract

This study is an experiment designed to compare the performance of three methodologies for sampling households with migrants:

• a stratified sample using the census to sample census tracts randomly, in which each household is then listed and screened to determine whether or not it has a migrant, with the full length questionnaire then being applied in a second phase only to the households of interest;
• a snowball survey in which households are asked to provide referrals to other households with migrant members;
• an intercept point survey (or time-and-space sampling survey), in which individuals are sampled during set time periods at a prespecified set of locations where households in the target group are likely to congregate.

Researchers from the World Bank applied these methods in the context of a survey of Brazilians of Japanese descent (Nikkei), requested by the World Bank. There are approximately 1.2-1.9 million Nikkei among Brazil’s 170 million population.

The survey was designed to provide detail on the characteristics of households with and without migrants, to estimate the proportion of households receiving remittances and with migrants in Japan, and to examine the consequences of migration and remittances on the sending households.

The same questionnaire was used for the stratified random sample and snowball surveys, and a shorter version of the questionnaire was used for the intercept surveys. Researchers can directly compare answers to the same questions across survey methodologies and determine the extent to which the intercept and snowball surveys can give similar results to the more expensive census-based survey, and test for the presence of biases.

Geographic coverage

Sao Paulo and Parana states

Analysis unit

Japanese-Brazilian (Nikkei) households and individuals

The 2000 Brazilian Census was used to classify households as Nikkei or non-Nikkei. The Brazilian Census does not ask ethnicity but instead asks questions on race, country of birth and whether an individual has lived elsewhere in the last 10 years. On the basis of these questions, a household is classified as (potentially) Nikkei if it has any of the following: 1) a member born in Japan; 2) a member who is of yellow race and who has lived in Japan in the last 10 years; 3) a member who is of yellow race, who was not born in a country other than Japan (predominantly Korea, Taiwan or China) and who did not live in a foreign country other than Japan in the last 10 years.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

1) Stratified random sample survey

Two states with the largest Nikkei population - Sao Paulo and Parana - were chosen for the study.

The sampling process consisted of three stages. First, a stratified random sample of 75 census tracts was selected based on 2000 Brazilian census. Second, interviewers carried out a door-to-door listing within each census tract to determine which households had a Nikkei member. Third, the survey questionnaire was then administered to households that were identified as Nikkei. A door-to-door listing exercise of the 75 census tracts was then carried out between October 13th, 2006, and October 29th, 2006. The fieldwork began on November 19, 2006, and all dwellings were visited at least once by December 22, 2006. The second wave of surveying took place from January 18th, 2007, to February 2nd, 2007, which was intended to increase the number of households responding.

2) Intercept survey

The intercept survey was designed to carry out interviews at a range of locations that were frequented by the Nikkei population. It was originally designed to be done in Sao Paulo city only, but a second intercept point survey was later carried out in Curitiba, Parana. Intercept survey took place between December 9th, 2006, and December 20th, 2006, whereas the Curitiba intercept survey took place between March 3rd and March 12th, 2007.

Consultations with Nikkei community organizations, local researchers and officers of the bank Sudameris, which provides remittance services to this community, were used to select a broad range of locations. Interviewers were assigned to visit each location during prespecified blocks of time. Two fieldworkers were assigned to each location. One fieldworker carried out the interviews, while the other carried out a count of the number of people with Nikkei appearance who appeared to be 18 years old or older who passed by each location. For the fixed places, this count was made throughout the prespecified time block. For example, between 2.30 p.m. and 3.30 p.m. at the sports club, the interviewer counted 57 adult Nikkeis. Refusal rates were carefully recorded, along with the sex and approximate age of the person refusing.

In all, 516 intercept interviews were collected.

3) Snowball sampling survey

The questionnaire that was used was the same as used for the stratified random sample. The plan was to begin with a seed list of 75 households, and to aim to reach a total sample of 300 households through referrals from the initial seed households. Each household surveyed was asked to supply the names of three contacts: (a) a Nikkei household with a member currently in Japan; (b) a Nikkei household with a member who has returned from Japan; (c) a Nikkei household without members in Japan and where individuals had not returned from Japan.

The snowball survey took place from December 5th to 20th, 2006. The second phase of the snowballing survey ran from January 22nd, 2007, to March 23rd, 2007. More associations were contacted to provide additional seed names (69 more names were obtained) and, as with the stratified sample, an adaptation of the intercept survey was used when individuals refused to answer the longer questionnaire. A decision was made to continue the snowball process until a target sample size of 100 had been achieved.

The final sample consists of 60 households who came as seed households from Japanese associations, and 40 households who were chain referrals. The longest chain achieved was three links.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

1) Stratified sampling and snowball survey questionnaire

This questionnaire has 36 pages with over 1,000 variables, taking over an hour to complete.

If subjects refused to answer the questionnaire, interviewers would leave a much shorter version of the questionnaire to be completed by the household by themselves, and later picked up. This shorter questionnaire was the same as used in the intercept point survey, taking seven minutes on average. The intention with the shorter survey was to provide some data on households that would not answer the full survey because of time constraints, or because respondents were reluctant to have an interviewer in their house.

2) Intercept questionnaire

The questionnaire is four pages in length, consisting of 62 questions and taking a mean time of seven minutes to answer. Respondents had to be 18 years old or older to be interviewed.

Response rate

1) Stratified random sampling 403 out of the 710 Nikkei households were surveyed, an interview rate of 57%. The refusal rate was 25%, whereas the remaining households were either absent on three attempts or were not surveyed because building managers refused permission to enter the apartment buildings. Refusal rates were higher in Sao Paulo than in Parana, reflecting greater concerns about crime and a busier urban environment.

2) Intercept Interviews 516 intercept interviews were collected, along with 325 refusals. The average refusal rate is 39%, with location-specific refusal rates ranging from only 3% at the food festival to almost 66% at one of the two grocery stores.

Abstract

The Census provides a unique source of detailed demographic, social and economic data relating to the entire population at a single point in time. The most fundamental questions it will answer concern the size and distribution of the entire population, the extent to which men and women participate in the economy, and the nature of housing and household facilities.

Our country is constantly changing and information collected will allow policy planners to measure the developments of our society and to make decisions about future needs of our communities. Emphasis for the CPD is on renewable energy. Government has set itself policy goals that by 2015, 50 percent of Cook Islands electricity demand will be provided by renewable energy and 100 percent in 2020. Culture has also been identified as a priority of Government.

The topic content of the 2011 Census has been driven principally by the demands and requirements of users of census statistics, the evaluation of the 2006 Census, and the priorities of the Government as stated in its manifesto, and the advice and guidance of organisations with experience of similar operations. These have been determined by extensive consultations with various Ministries of government and non government organizations (NGO).

The topics proposed for the census are those most needed by the major users of census information and questions have been devised to produce reliable and accurate data. In each case, no other comparable and accessible source of the information is available in combination with other items in the census.

In assessing which topics should be included in the census, Statistics Office has had to consider a number of factors. The criteria for evaluating the strength of users' requirements for information were that:

· there should be a clearly demonstrated and significant need · the information collected was of major national importance · users' requirements could not adequately be met by information from other sources · there should be a requirement for multivariate analysis (that is the ability to cross-analyze one variable against other), and · there should be consideration of the ability for comparison with the 2006 Census wherever possible

Geographic coverage

National coverage.

Analysis unit

-Household -Individual.

Universe

A Dwelling Questionnaire must be completed for every occupied dwelling as at midnight on Census Night. A Personal Questionnaire must be completed for each and every man, woman and child alive at midnight on Census Night within the geographical boundaries of the Cook Islands, excluding those persons on foreign vessels, yachts and aircraft flying through or stopping temporarily (transit).

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The questionnaire which was published in English, can be found as External Resources.

The questionnaire of the early Cook Islands censuses was limited; they consisted oh head counts only. With the passage of time, the topics covered by the questionnaires expanded. Gradually, questions on sex, age, marital status, religion, education, employment, etc have been included. Questions on unpaid work and income earned were included for the first time in the 1996 Census. In the 2011 Census, questions on renewable energy and culture was included.

The questionnaire of the 2011 Census of Cook Islands is divided into 2 main forms: -Dwelling form: which covers topics like: Household characteristics, water supply, energy, toilet, tradition, communication & technology, waste management, involvment in agriculture, fishing, farming, equipment, transport. -Personal form: which covers topics like: Individual characteristics, disability, literacy and language, information & technology, education, economic activity, income, narcotics, cultural activities and fertility.

SELECTION OF TOPICS AND QUESTIONS: The topic content of the 2011 Census has been driven principally by the demands and requirements of users of census statistics, the evaluation of the 2006 Census, and the priority of government as stated in this Governments Manifesto, and the advice and guidance of organizations with experience of similar operations. These have been determined by extensive consultation with various Ministries of government and NGO's. Emphasis for this Census was on Renewable Energy and Cultural Statistics. Government had set itself a policy goal that 50 percent of its electricity demands to be provided by renewable energy in 2015 and 100 percent in 2020.

The 2011 Census questionnaire is designed to be machine readable that is questionnaires will be scanned.

Context

This dataset expands on my earlier New York City Census Data dataset. It includes data from the entire country instead of just New York City. The expanded data will allow for much more interesting analyses and will also be much more useful at supporting other data sets.

Content

The data here are taken from the DP03 and DP05 tables of the 2015 American Community Survey 5-year estimates. The full datasets and much more can be found at the American Factfinder website. Currently, I include two data files:

1. acs2015_census_tract_data.csv: Data for each census tract in the US, including DC and Puerto Rico.
2. acs2015_county_data.csv: Data for each county or county equivalent in the US, including DC and Puerto Rico.

The two files have the same structure, with just a small difference in the name of the id column. Counties are political subdivisions, and the boundaries of some have been set for centuries. Census tracts, however, are defined by the census bureau and will have a much more consistent size. A typical census tract has around 5000 or so residents.

The Census Bureau updates the estimates approximately every year. At least some of the 2016 data is already available, so I will likely update this in the near future.

Acknowledgements

The data here were collected by the US Census Bureau. As a product of the US federal government, this is not subject to copyright within the US.

Inspiration

There are many questions that we could try to answer with the data here. Can we predict things such as the state (classification) or household income (regression)? What kinds of clusters can we find in the data? What other datasets can be improved by the addition of census data?

Abstract

The 2000 Republic of Palau Census of Population and Housing was the second census collected and processed entirely by the republic itself. This monograph provides analyses of data from the most recent census of Palau for decision makers in the United States and Palau to understand current socioeconomic conditions. The 2005 Census of Population and Housing collected a wide range of information on the characteristics of the population including demographics, educational attainments, employment status, fertility, housing characteristics, housing characteristics and many others.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

• Household;
• Individual.

Universe

The 1990, 1995 and 2000 censuses were all modified de jure censuses, counting people and recording selected characteristics of each individual according to his or her usual place of residence as of census day. Data were collected for each enumeration district - the households and population in each enumerator assignment - and these enumeration districts were then collected into hamlets in Koror, and the 16 States of Palau.

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Sampling procedure

No sampling - whole universe covered

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The 2000 censuses of Palau employed a modified list-enumerate procedure, also known as door-to-door enumeration. Beginning in mid-April 2000, enumerators began visiting each housing unit and conducted personal interviews, recording the information collected on the single questionnaire that contained all census questions. Follow-up enumerators visited all addresses for which questionnaires were missing to obtain the information required for the census.

Cleaning operations

The completed questionnaires were checked for completeness and consistency of responses, and then brought to OPS for processing. After checking in the questionnaires, OPS staff coded write-in responses (e.g., ethnicity or race, relationship, language). Then data entry clerks keyed all the questionnaire responses. The OPS brought the keyed data to the U.S. Census Bureau headquarters near Washington, DC, where OPS and Bureau staff edited the data using the Consistency and Correction (CONCOR) software package prior to generating tabulations using the Census Tabulation System (CENTS) package. Both packages were developed at the Census Bureau's International Programs Center (IPC) as part of the Integrated Microcomputer Processing System (IMPS).

The goal of census data processing is to produce a set of data that described the population as clearly and accurately as possible. To meet this objective, crew leaders reviewed and edited questionnaires during field data collection to ensure consistency, completeness, and acceptability. Census clerks also reviewed questionnaires for omissions, certain inconsistencies, and population coverage. Census personnel conducted a telephone or personal visit follow-up to obtain missing information. The follow-ups considered potential coverage errors as well as questionnaires with omissions or inconsistencies beyond the completeness and quality tolerances specified in the review procedures.

Following field operations, census staff assigned remaining incomplete information and corrected inconsistent information on the questionnaires using imputation procedures during the final automated edit of the data. The use of allocations, or computer assignments of acceptable data, occurred most often when an entry for a given item was lacking or when the information reported for a person or housing unit on an item was inconsistent with other information for that same person or housing unit. In all of Palau’s censuses, the general procedure for changing unacceptable entries was to assign an entry for a person or housing unit that was consistent with entries for persons or housing units with similar characteristics. The assignment of acceptable data in place of blanks or unacceptable entries enhanced the usefulness of the data.

Sampling error estimates

Human and machine-related errors occur in any large-scale statistical operation. Researchers generally refer to these problems as non-sampling errors. These errors include the failure to enumerate every household or every person in a population, failure to obtain all required information from residents, collection of incorrect or inconsistent information, and incorrect recording of information. In addition, errors can occur during the field review of the enumerators' work, during clerical handling of the census questionnaires, or during the electronic processing of the questionnaires. To reduce various types of non-sampling errors, Census office personnel used several techniques during planning, data collection, and data processing activities. Quality assurance methods were used throughout the data collection and processing phases of the census to improve the quality of the data.

Census staff implemented several coverage improvement programs during the development of census enumeration and processing strategies to minimize under-coverage of the population and housing units. A quality assurance program improved coverage in each census. Telephone and personal visit follow-ups also helped improve coverage. Computer and clerical edits emphasized improving the quality and consistency of the data. Local officials participated in post-census local reviews. Census enumerators conducted additional re-canvassing where appropriate.

California is home to 12 percent of the nation's population yet accounts for more than 20 percent of the people living in the nation’s hardest-to-count areas, according to the United States Census Bureau (U.S. Census Bureau). California's unique diversity, large population distributed across both urban and rural areas, and sheer geographic size present significant barriers to achieving a complete and accurate count. The state’s population is more racially and ethnically diverse than ever before, with about 18 percent of Californians speaking English “less than very well,” according to U.S. Census Bureau estimates. Because the 2020 Census online form was offered in only twelve non-English languages, which did not correspond with the top spoken language in California, and a paper questionnaire only in English and Spanish, many Californians may not have been able to access a census questionnaire or written guidance in a language they could understand. In order to earn the confidence of California’s most vulnerable populations, it was critical during the 2020 Census that media and trusted messengers communicate with them in their primary language and in accessible formats. An accurate count of the California population in each decennial census is essential to receive its equitable share of federal funds and political representation, through reapportionment and redistricting. It plays a vital role in many areas of public life, including important investments in health, education, housing, social services, highways, and schools. Without a complete count in the 2020 Census, the State faced a potential loss of congressional seats and billions of dollars in muchneeded federal funding. An undercount of California in 1990 cost an estimated $2 billion in federal funding. The potential loss of representation and critically needed funding could have long-term impacts; only with a complete count does California receive the share of funding the State deserves with appropriate representation at the federal, state, and local government levels. The high stakes and formidable challenges made this California Complete Count Census 2020 Campaign (Campaign) the most important to date. The 2020 Census brought an unprecedented level of new challenges to all states, beyond the California-specific hurdles discussed above. For the first time, the U.S. Census Bureau sought to collect data from households through an online form. While the implementation of digital forms sought to reduce costs and increase participation, its immediate impact is still unknown as of this writing, and it may have substantially changed how many households responded to the census. In addition, conditions such as the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, a contentious political climate, ongoing mistrust and distrust of government, and rising concerns about privacy may have discouraged people to open their doors, or use computers, to participate. Federal immigration policy, as well as the months-long controversy over adding a citizenship question to the census, may have deterred households with mixed documentation status, recent immigrants, and undocumented immigrants from participating. In 2017, to prepare for the unique challenges of the 2020 Census, California leaders and advocates reflected on lessons learned from previous statewide census efforts and launched the development of a high-impact strategy to efficiently raise public awareness about the 2020 Census. Subsequently, the State established the California Complete Count – Census 2020 Office (Census Office) and invested a significant sum for the Campaign. The Campaign was designed to educate, motivate, and activate Californians to respond to the 2020 Census. It relied heavily on grassroots messaging and outreach to those least likely to fill out the census form. One element of the Campaign was the Language and Communication Access Plan (LACAP), which the Census Office developed to ensure that language and communication access was linguistically and culturally relevant and sensitive and provided equal and meaningful access for California’s vulnerable populations. The Census Office contracted with outreach partners, including community leaders and organizations, local government, and ethnic media, who all served as trusted messengers in their communities to deliver impactful words and offer safe places to share information and trusted messages. The State integrated consideration of hardest-to-count communities’ needs throughout the Campaign’s strategy at both the statewide and regional levels. The Campaign first educated, then motivated, and during the census response period, activated Californians to fill out their census form. The Census Office’s mission was to ensure that Californians get their fair share of resources and representation by encouraging the full participation of all Californians in the 2020 Census. This report focuses on the experience of the Census Office and partner organizations who worked to achieve the most complete count possible, presenting an evaluation of four outreach and communications strategies.

description: The once-a-decade decennial census was conducted in April 2010 by the U.S. Census Bureau. This count of every resident in the United States was mandated by Article I, Section 2 of the Constitution and all households in the U.S. and individuals living in group quarters were required by law to respond to the 2010 Census questionnaire. The data collected by the decennial census determine the number of seats each state has in the U.S. House of Representatives and is also used to distribute billions in federal funds to local communities. The questionnaire consisted of a limited number of questions but allowed for the collection of information on the number of people in the household and their relationship to the householder, an individual's age, sex, race and Hispanic ethnicity, the number of housing units and whether those units are owner- or renter-occupied, or vacant. Results for sub-state geographic areas in New Mexico were released in a series of data products. These data come from Summary File 1 (SF-1). The geographic coverage for SF-1 includes the state, counties, places (both incorporated and unincorporated communities), tribal lands, school districts, census tracts, block groups and blocks, among others. The data in these particular RGIS Clearinghouse tables are for Torrance County and all census blocks within the county. There is one data table in this file. Table DC10_00684 shows the number of households by the following categories--total households; total family households; husband-wife family households; total other family households; male householder, no wife present; female householder, no husband present; total nonfamily households; nonfamily households with householder living along; and finally, nonfamily households with householder not living alone. This file, along with file-specific descriptions (in Word and text formats) are available in a single zip file.; abstract: The once-a-decade decennial census was conducted in April 2010 by the U.S. Census Bureau. This count of every resident in the United States was mandated by Article I, Section 2 of the Constitution and all households in the U.S. and individuals living in group quarters were required by law to respond to the 2010 Census questionnaire. The data collected by the decennial census determine the number of seats each state has in the U.S. House of Representatives and is also used to distribute billions in federal funds to local communities. The questionnaire consisted of a limited number of questions but allowed for the collection of information on the number of people in the household and their relationship to the householder, an individual's age, sex, race and Hispanic ethnicity, the number of housing units and whether those units are owner- or renter-occupied, or vacant. Results for sub-state geographic areas in New Mexico were released in a series of data products. These data come from Summary File 1 (SF-1). The geographic coverage for SF-1 includes the state, counties, places (both incorporated and unincorporated communities), tribal lands, school districts, census tracts, block groups and blocks, among others. The data in these particular RGIS Clearinghouse tables are for Torrance County and all census blocks within the county. There is one data table in this file. Table DC10_00684 shows the number of households by the following categories--total households; total family households; husband-wife family households; total other family households; male householder, no wife present; female householder, no husband present; total nonfamily households; nonfamily households with householder living along; and finally, nonfamily households with householder not living alone. This file, along with file-specific descriptions (in Word and text formats) are available in a single zip file.

The 1991 Health Activity Limitation Survey (HALS) is a post-censal survey used to identify the number and distribution of persons with disabilities in Canada and the barriers experienced by them in such areas as housing, employment, transportation, education, community support, and recreation. The Health and Activity Limitation Survey (HALS) was designed to collect data for a national database on disability. HALS is a post-censal survey, i.e., its survey frame is provided by the answers to two filter questions on the census questionnaire. It was first conducted after the 1986 Census of Population, and repeated after the 1991 census. It was not conducted after the 1996 census due to budget constraints. Survey year: 1991. Although there are some differences between the 1986 HALS and the 1991 HALS with respect to content and levels of geography, the objectives of the two surveys remain largely the same. The objectives for HALS are: to include persons with disabilities residing in the Yukon and Northwest Territories; to interview a sufficient number of persons with disabilities to enable the release of data for subprovincial areas (e.g. 17 Census Metropolitan Areas) as well as data on disabilities due to conditions that have a low prevalence. The target population of the 1991 HALS consisted of all persons with a physical, sensory, or psychological disability who were living in Canada at the 1991 Census, including residents of the Yukon and Northwest Territories, and permanent residents of most collective dwellings and health-care institutions. Although Indian reserves and settlements were included in the 1986 HALS, they were excluded from the 1991 HALS. Disablity data for Indian reserves and settlements may be obtained from the 1991 Aboriginal Peoples Survey, also conducted by Statistics Canada. Persons excluded for operational reasons were residents of penal institutions, correctional facilities, military camps, campgrounds and parks, soup kitchens, merchant and coastguard ships, and children's group homes. Data collection for the Household Survey took place in the Fall of 1991, immediately after the 1991 Census. Approximately 35,000 individuals were selected for the "yes" sample and 113,000 for the "no" sample, yielding a total of 148,000 adults and children for the household survey. Approximately 20% (or 7,000) of persons in the "yes" sample proved to have no disability according to HALS' criteria. For the 1986 HALS both a "yes" and a "no" sample were also selected. The "yes" sample size of 112,000 was significally larger in 1986 than in 1991, while the "no" sample of 72,5000 was smaller for the 1986 HALS. Due to a larger sample size for the 1986 HALS, data are available from the 1986 HALS for 200 sub-provincial areas and 19 CMAs. For detailed description of the differences between the 1986 and the 1991 HALS, please refer to Appendix B. The Household Survey was carried out in two stages. The first stage involved adding two questions to the 1991 Census long questionnaire, and the second involved conducting the actual survey for adults and children. Data collection for the Institutions Survey was carried out from January to March, 1992. All interviews were conducted in person and, whenever possible, with the selected individual. However, due to their conditions, many residents were not able to answer the questions themselves. In these cases the interviews were conducted with the help of institutional staff or next-of-kin. The response rate for the Institutions Survey was 96%.

This web map shows the likelihood of non-citizens to have insurance within the United States. This is shown by highlighting if it is more common for non-citizens to have insurance or not have insurance. The data values are from the 2012-2016 American Community Survey 5-year estimate in the B27020 Table for health insurance coverage status and type by citizenship status. The pattern in the map is shown by county and census tract centroid points. This map helps to answer a few questions:Do non-citizens have health insurance?Where are the non-citizens in the US?The color of the symbols represent if an area is more likely to have non-citizens who have insurance, or not have insurance. The color is related to which value is largest. This mapping technique is known as predominance because the color is based on which value is predominant:Non-citizens who have insuranceNon-citizens who do not have insuranceThe size of the symbol shows how many non-citizens live within each area. The strength of the symbol represents HOW predominant the population's insurance type is. The tract pattern shows how distinct neighborhoods are clustered by the likelihood to have insurance or not. The county pattern shows an rural/urban difference in insurance holdings. This pattern is shown by census tracts at large scales, and counties at smaller scales.This map is designed for a dark basemap such as the Human Geography Basemap or the Dark Gray Canvas Basemap. It helps show a local pattern about the uninsured and insured non-citizen population. The layers used in this map are included in the Living Atlas of the World. They can also be found here:2016 ACS Health Insurance by Citizenship - County2016 ACS Health Insurance by Citizenship - TractThis data was downloaded from the United States Census Bureau American Fact Finder on March 1, 2018. It was then joined with 2016 vintage centroid points and hosted to ArcGIS Online and into the Living Atlas. The data contains additional attributes that can be used for mapping and analysis. Nationally, the breakdown of insurance for the civilian noninstitutionalized population in the US is:Total:313,576,137+/-10,365Native Born:271,739,505+/-102,340With health insurance coverage246,142,724+/-281,131With private health insurance186,765,058+/-576,448With public coverage92,452,853+/-209,370No health insurance coverage25,596,781+/-190,502Foreign Born:41,836,632+/-109,590Naturalized:19,819,629+/-35,976With health insurance coverage17,489,342+/-42,261With private health insurance12,927,060+/-50,505With public coverage6,687,375+/-16,733No health insurance coverage2,330,287+/-20,148Noncitizen:22,017,003+/-118,842With health insurance coverage13,243,825+/-44,108With private health insurance9,320,483+/-26,031With public coverage4,459,972+/-34,270No health insurance coverage8,773,178+/-86,951Data note from the US Census Bureau:[ACS] data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. The degree of uncertainty for an estimate arising from sampling variability is represented through the use of a margin of error. The value shown here is the 90 percent margin of error. The margin of error can be interpreted roughly as providing a 90 percent probability that the interval defined by the estimate minus the margin of error and the estimate plus the margin of error (the lower and upper confidence bounds) contains the true value. In addition to sampling variability, the ACS estimates are subject to nonsampling error (for a discussion of nonsampling variability, see Accuracy of the Data). The effect of nonsampling error is not represented in these tables.

The once-a-decade decennial census was conducted in April 2010 by the U.S. Census Bureau. This count of every resident in the United States was mandated by Article I, Section 2 of the Constitution and all households in the U.S. and individuals living in group quarters were required by law to respond to the 2010 Census questionnaire. The data collected by the decennial census determine the number of seats each state has in the U.S. House of Representatives and is also used to distribute billions in federal funds to local communities. The questionnaire consisted of a limited number of questions but allowed for the collection of information on the number of people in the household and their relationship to the householder, an individual's age, sex, race and Hispanic ethnicity, the number of housing units and whether those units are owner- or renter-occupied, or vacant. Results for sub-state geographic areas in New Mexico were released in a series of data products. These data come from Summary File 1 (SF-1). The geographic coverage for SF-1 includes the state, counties, places (both incorporated and unincorporated communities), tribal lands, school districts, census tracts, block groups and blocks, among others. Table DC10_00791 is for New Mexico and all census tracts in the state. The table shows average household size for all occupied housing units combined and for owner- and renter-occupied housing units. This file, along with file descriptions (in Word and text formats) are available in a single zip file.

The once-a-decade decennial census was conducted in April 2010 by the U.S. Census Bureau. This count of every resident in the United States was mandated by Article I, Section 2 of the Constitution and all households in the U.S. and individuals living in group quarters were required by law to respond to the 2010 Census questionnaire. The data collected by the decennial census determine the number of seats each state has in the U.S. House of Representatives and is also used to distribute billions in federal funds to local communities. The questionnaire consisted of a limited number of questions but allowed for the collection of information on the number of people in the household and their relationship to the householder, an individual's age, sex, race and Hispanic ethnicity, the number of housing units and whether those units are owner- or renter-occupied, or vacant. Results for sub-state geographic areas in New Mexico were released in a series of data products. These data come from Summary File 1 (SF-1). The geographic coverage for SF-1 includes the state, counties, places (both incorporated and unincorporated communities), tribal lands, school districts, census tracts, block groups and blocks, among others. The data in these particular RGIS Clearinghouse tables are for New Mexico and all census tracts. There are two data tables in this file. Table DC10_00213 shows counts of population by eighteen 5-year age groups for both sexes combined. Table DC10_00214 shows percent distribution of population by eighteen 5-year age groups for both sexes combined. These files, along with file-specific descriptions (in Word and text formats) are available in a single zip file.

The once-a-decade decennial census was conducted in April 2010 by the U.S. Census Bureau. This count of every resident in the United States was mandated by Article I, Section 2 of the Constitution and all households in the U.S. and individuals living in group quarters were required by law to respond to the 2010 Census questionnaire. The data collected by the decennial census determine the number of seats each state has in the U.S. House of Representatives and is also used to distribute billions in federal funds to local communities. The questionnaire consisted of a limited number of questions but allowed for the collection of information on the number of people in the household and their relationship to the householder, an individual's age, sex, race and Hispanic ethnicity, the number of housing units and whether those units are owner- or renter-occupied, or vacant. Results for sub-state geographic areas in New Mexico were released in a series of data products. These data come from Summary File 1 (SF-1). The geographic coverage for SF-1 includes the state, counties, places (both incorporated and unincorporated communities), tribal lands, school districts, census tracts, block groups and blocks, among others. The data in these particular RGIS Clearinghouse tables are for Guadalupe County and all census block groups within the county. There are two data tables in this file. Table DC10_00371 shows counts of females by eighteen 5-year age groups. Table DC10_00372 shows percent distribution of females by eighteen 5-year age groups. These files, along with file-specific descriptions (in Word and text formats) are available in a single zip file.

Abstract

The survey was conducted during December 2006, following an initial mini census listing exercise which was conducted about two months earlier in late September 2006. The objectives of the HIES were as follows: a) Provide information on income and expenditure distribution within the population; b) Provide income estimates of the household sector for the national accounts; c) Provide data for the re-base on the consumer price index; d) Provide data for the analysis of poverty and hardship.

Geographic coverage

National coverage: whole island was covered for the survey.

Analysis unit

• Household;
• Individual.

Universe

The survey covered all private households on the island of Nauru. When the survey was in the field, interviewers were further required to reduce the scope by removing those households which had not been residing in Nauru for the last 12 months and did not intend to stay in Nauru for the next 12 months. Persons living in special dwellings (Hospital, Prison, etc) were not included in the survey.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sample size adopted for the survey was 500 households which allowed for expected sample loss, whilst still maintaining a suitable responding sample for the analysis.

Before the sample was selected, the population was stratified by constituency in order to assist with the logistical issues associated with the fieldwork. There were eight constituencies in total, along with "Location" which stretches across the districts of Denigamodu and Aiwo, forming nine strata in total. Although constituency level analysis was not a priority for the survey, sample sizes within each stratum were kept to a minimum of 40 households, to enable some basic forms of analysis at this level if required.

The sample selection procedure within each stratum was then to sort each household on the frame by household size (number of people), and then run a systematic skip through the list in order to achieve the desirable sample size.

Sampling deviation

No deviations from the sample design took place.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The survey schedules adopted for the Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) included the following: · Expenditure questionnaire; · Income questionnaire; · Miscellaneous questionnaire; · Diary (x2).

Whilst a Household Control Form collecting basic demographics is also normally included with the survey, this wasn't required for this HIES as this activity took place for all households in the mini census.

Information collected in the four schedules covered the following: -Expenditure questionnaire: Covers basic details about the dwelling structure and its access to things like water and sanitation. It was also used as the vehicle to collect expenditure on major and infrequent expenditures incurred by the household. -Income questionnaire: Covers each of the main types of household income generated by the household such as wages and salaries, business income and income from subsistence activities. -Miscellaneous questionnaire: Covers topics relating to health access, labour force status and education. -Diary: Covers all day to day expenditures incurred by the household, consumption of items produced by the household such as fish and crops, and gifts both received and given by the household.

All questionnaires are provided as External Resources.

Cleaning operations

There were 3 phases to the editing process for the 2006 Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) of Nauru which included: 1. Data Verification operations; 2. Data Editing operations; 3. Data Auditing operations.

The software used for data editting is CSPro 3.0. After each batch is completed the supervisor should check that all person details have been entered from the household listing form (HCF) and should review the income and expenditure questionnaires for each batch ensuring that all items have been entered correctly. Any omitted or incorrect items should be entered into the system. The supervisor is required to perform outlier checks (large or small values) on the batched diary data by calculating unit price (amount/quantity) and comparing prices for each item. This is to be conducted by loading the data into Excel files and sorting data by unit price for each item. Any changes to prices or quantities will be made on the batch file.

For more information on what each phase entailed go the document HIES Processing Instructions attached to this documentation.

Response rate

The survey response rates were a lot lower than expected, especially in some districts. The district of Aiwo, Uaboe and Denigomodu had the lowest response rates with 16.7%, 20.0% and 34.8% respectively. The area of Location was also extremely low with a responses rate of 32.2%. On a more positive note, the districts of Yaren, Ewa, Anabar, Ijuw and Anibare all had response rates at 80.0% or better.

The major contributing factor to the low response rates were households refusing to take part in the survey. The figures for responding above only include fully responding households, and given there were many partial responses, this also brought the values down. The other significant contributing factor to the low response rates was the interviewers not being able to make contact with the household during the survey period.

Unfortunately, not only do low response rates often increase the sampling error of the survey estimates, because the final sample is smaller, it will also introduce response bias into the final estimates. Response bias takes place when the households responding to the survey possess different characteristics to the households not responding, thus generating different results to what would have been achieved if all selected households responded. It is extremely difficult to measure the impact of the non-response bias, as little information is generally known about the non-responding households in the survey. For the Nauru 2006 HIES however, it was noted during the fieldwork that a higher proportion of the Chinese population residing in Nauru were more likely to not respond. Given it is expected their income and expenditure patterns would differ from the rest of the population, this would contribute to the magnitude of the bias.

Below is the list of all response rates by district: -Yaren: 80.5% -Boe: 70% -Aiwo: 16.7% -Buada: 62.5% -Denigomodu: 34.8% -Nibok: 68.4% -Uaboe: 20% -Baitsi: 47.8% -Ewa: 80% -Anetan: 76.5% -Anabar: 81.8% -Ijuw: 85.7% -Anibare: 80% -Meneng: 64.3% -Location: 32.2% -TOTAL: 54.4%

Sampling error estimates

To determine the impact of sampling error on the survey results, relative standard errors (RSEs) for key estimates were produced. When interpreting these results, one must remember that these figures don't include any of the non-sampling errors discussed in other sections of this documentation

To also provide a rough guide on how to interpret the RSEs provided in the main report, the following information can be used:

Category  Description
RSE < 5%  Estimate can be regarded as very reliable
5% < RSE < 10% Estimate can be regarded as good and usable
10% < RSE < 25% Estimate can be considered usable, with caution
RSE > 25%  Estimate should only be used with extreme caution

The actual RSEs for the key estimates can be found in Section 4.1 of the main report

As can be seen from these tables, the estimates for Total Income and Total Expenditure from the Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) can be considered to be very good, from a sampling error perspective. The same can also be said for the Wage and Salary estimate in income and the Food estimate in expenditure, which make up a high proportion of each respective group.

Many of the other estimates should be used with caution, depending on the magnitude of their RSE. Some of these high RSEs are to be expected, due to the expected degree of variability for how households would report for these items. For example, with Business Income (RSE 56.8%), most households would report no business income as no household members undertook this activity, whereas other households would report large business incomes as it's their main source of income.

Data appraisal

Other than the non-response issues discussed in this documentation, other quality issues were identified which included: 1) Reporting errors Some of the different aspects contributing to the reporting errors generated from the survey, with some examples/explanations for each, include the following:

a) Misinterpretation of survey questions: A common mistake which takes place when conducting a survey is that the person responding to the questionnaire may interpret a question differently to the interviewer, who in turn may have interpreted the question differently to the people who designed the questionnaire. Some examples of this for a Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) can include people providing answers in dollars and cents, instead of just dollars, or the reference/recall period for an “income” or “expenditure” is misunderstood. These errors can often see reported amounts out by a factor of 10 or even 100, which can have major impacts on final results.

b) Recall problems for the questionnaire information: The majority of questions in both of the income and expenditure questionnaires require the respondent to recall what took place over a 12 month period. As would be expected, people will often forget what took place up to 12 months ago so some

Occupation describes the kind of work a person does on the job. Occupation data were derived from answers to questions 45 and 46 in the 2015 American Community Survey (ACS). Question 45 asks: “What kind of work was this person doing?” Question 46 asks: “What were this person’s most important activities or duties?”

These questions were asked of all people 15 years old and over who had worked in the past 5 years. For employed people, the data refer to the person’s job during the previous week. For those who worked two or more jobs, the data refer to the job where the person worked the greatest number of hours. For unemployed people and people who are not currently employed but report having a job within the last five years, the data refer to their last job.

These questions describe the work activity and occupational experience of the American labor force. Data are used to formulate policy and programs for employment, career development, and training; to provide information on the occupational skills of the labor force in a given area to analyze career trends; and to measure compliance with antidiscrimination policies. Companies use these data to decide where to locate new plants, stores, or offices.

description: The once-a-decade decennial census was conducted in April 2010 by the U.S. Census Bureau. This count of every resident in the United States was mandated by Article I, Section 2 of the Constitution and all households in the U.S. and individuals living in group quarters were required by law to respond to the 2010 Census questionnaire. The data collected by the decennial census determine the number of seats each state has in the U.S. House of Representatives and is also used to distribute billions in federal funds to local communities. The questionnaire consisted of a limited number of questions but allowed for the collection of information on the number of people in the household and their relationship to the householder, an individual's age, sex, race and Hispanic ethnicity, the number of housing units and whether those units are owner- or renter-occupied, or vacant. The first wave of results for sub-state geographic areas in New Mexico was released on March 15, 2011, through the Redistricting Data (PL94-171) Summary File. This batch of data covers the state, counties, places (both incorporated and unincorporated communities), tribal lands, school districts, neighborhoods (census tracts and block groups), individual census blocks, and other areas. The Redistricting products provide counts by race and Hispanic ethnicity for the total population and the population 18 years and over, and housing unit counts by occupancy status. The 2010 Census Redistricting Data Summary File can be used to redraw federal, state and local legislative districts under Public Law 94-171. This is an important purpose of the file and, indeed, state officials use the Redistricting Data to realign congressional and state legislative districts in their states, taking into account population shifts since the 2000 Census. More detailed population and housing characteristics were released in the summer of 2011. The data in these particular RGIS Clearinghouse tables are for all census tracts in New Mexico. This table provides total counts of population. This file, along with file-specific descriptions (in Word and text formats) are available in a single zip file.; abstract: The once-a-decade decennial census was conducted in April 2010 by the U.S. Census Bureau. This count of every resident in the United States was mandated by Article I, Section 2 of the Constitution and all households in the U.S. and individuals living in group quarters were required by law to respond to the 2010 Census questionnaire. The data collected by the decennial census determine the number of seats each state has in the U.S. House of Representatives and is also used to distribute billions in federal funds to local communities. The questionnaire consisted of a limited number of questions but allowed for the collection of information on the number of people in the household and their relationship to the householder, an individual's age, sex, race and Hispanic ethnicity, the number of housing units and whether those units are owner- or renter-occupied, or vacant. The first wave of results for sub-state geographic areas in New Mexico was released on March 15, 2011, through the Redistricting Data (PL94-171) Summary File. This batch of data covers the state, counties, places (both incorporated and unincorporated communities), tribal lands, school districts, neighborhoods (census tracts and block groups), individual census blocks, and other areas. The Redistricting products provide counts by race and Hispanic ethnicity for the total population and the population 18 years and over, and housing unit counts by occupancy status. The 2010 Census Redistricting Data Summary File can be used to redraw federal, state and local legislative districts under Public Law 94-171. This is an important purpose of the file and, indeed, state officials use the Redistricting Data to realign congressional and state legislative districts in their states, taking into account population shifts since the 2000 Census. More detailed population and housing characteristics were released in the summer of 2011. The data in these particular RGIS Clearinghouse tables are for all census tracts in New Mexico. This table provides total counts of population. This file, along with file-specific descriptions (in Word and text formats) are available in a single zip file.

The once-a-decade decennial census was conducted in April 2010 by the U.S. Census Bureau. This count of every resident in the United States was mandated by Article I, Section 2 of the Constitution and all households in the U.S. and individuals living in group quarters were required by law to respond to the 2010 Census questionnaire. The data collected by the decennial census determine the number of seats each state has in the U.S. House of Representatives and is also used to distribute billions in federal funds to local communities. The questionnaire consisted of a limited number of questions but allowed for the collection of information on the number of people in the household and their relationship to the householder, an individual's age, sex, race and Hispanic ethnicity, the number of housing units and whether those units are owner- or renter-occupied, or vacant. Results for sub-state geographic areas in New Mexico were released in a series of data products. These data come from Summary File 1 (SF-1). The geographic coverage for SF-1 includes the state, counties, places (both incorporated and unincorporated communities), tribal lands, school districts, census tracts, block groups and blocks, among others. The data in these particular RGIS Clearinghouse tables are for New Mexico and all census tracts. There are two data tables in this file. Table DC10_00215 shows counts of males by eighteen 5-year age groups. Table DC10_00216 shows percent distribution of males by eighteen 5-year age groups. These files, along with file-specific descriptions (in Word and text formats) are available in a single zip file.