ABSTRACT The upper Teles Pires River basin is a key hydrological resource for the state of Mato Grosso, but has suffered rapid land use and cover change. The basin includes areas of Cerrado biome, as well as transitional areas between the Amazon and Cerrado vegetation types, with intensive large-scale agriculture widely-spread throughout the region. The objective of this study was to explore the spatial and temporal dynamics of land use and cover change from 1986 to 2014 in the upper Teles Pires basin using remote sensing and GIS techniques. TM (Thematic Mapper) and TIRS (Thermal Infrared Sensor) sensor images aboard the Landsat 5 and Landsat 8, respectively, were employed for supervised classification using the “Classification Workflow” in ENVI 5.0. To evaluate classification accuracy, an error matrix was generated, and the Kappa, overall accuracy, errors of omission and commission, user accuracy and producer accuracy indexes calculated. The classes showing greatest variation across the study period were “Agriculture” and “Rainforest”. Results indicated that deforested areas are often replaced by pasture and then by agriculture, while direct conversion of forest to agriculture occured less frequently. The indices with satisfactory accuracy levels included the Kappa and Global indices, which showed accuracy levels above 80% for all study years. In addition, the producer and user accuracy indices ranged from 59-100% and 68-100%, while the errors of omission and commission ranged from 0-32% and 0-40.6%, respectively.

This map looks at deforestation in the Northern Bolivian Amazon near Rurrenebaque in the district of Beni between 2003-2013. Each land use descriptor listed below the Intact Forest Landscapes Layer 2003/2013 is taken from ESRI Bolivia's 2012 map "Mapa de Uso Mayor de la Tierra en Bolivia". These layers show some interesting trends: even protected areas have lost forest in the last decade, plantation agriculture covers less of the deforested area than extensive agriculture or logging from natural areas, and livestock grazing is by far the largest land user by area. The final map layer shows 2016 road map data from the Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN). While road development is often correlated to deforestation, the map shows no obvious trends connecting the two.

This dataset refers to topographic constraints and land use feedbacks affecting surface water dynamics in the Tapajós River Basin, Brazilian Amazon.

Infrastructure development and overfishing in the Amazon make it imperative to define adequate scales for the ecosystem-based management of commercial fisheries and the wetlands on which they depend. We mapped fisheries and fish ecology data from Brazil, Peru, Bolivia and Colombia to an explicit GIS framework of river and mainstem basins. Migratory species account for more than 80% of the known maximum catches of commercial fisheries across the Amazon. Of these migratory species, we nominated six long-distance migratory fish taxa as flagship species to define the two main commercial fishery regions. The migrations of at least one goliath catfish species define a large-scale longitudinal link joining the Andes, Amazon Lowlands and Amazon River estuary. Migratory characiforms demonstrate interbasin wetland connectivity between nutrient-rich and nutrient-poor rivers over at least 2 million km2, or about one-third of the Amazon Basin. We show that flooded forest area is the most important wetland variable explaining regional variations in migratory characiform biomass as indicated by maximum annual fishery catches. The management of Amazon fisheries will require transnational cooperation and a paradigm shift from local community management alone to a more integrated approach that considers both rural and urban consumers and challenges, and the realistic life histories of migratory species.

The biodiversity in the vegetation, the animals, the ecosystems are here in our Amazon. Today, Brazil and Bolivia are suffering a great forest fire that affects all people around the world.

Despite large-scale infrastructure development, deforestation, mining and petroleum exploration in the Amazon Basin, relatively little attention has been given to the protection of wetlands, fisheries and other aspects of aquatic ecosystems, except in few localized areas. This is due, in part, to the enormous size, multinational composition and interconnected nature of the Amazon River system, but also to the absence of an adequate spatial model for integrating data across the entire Amazon Basin. In this data article we present a spatially uniform multi-scale GIS Framework that was developed especially for the analysis, management and monitoring of various aspects of aquatic systems in the Amazon Basin.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to analyze social and environmental information through an artificial neural network-self-organizing map (ANN-SOM), in order to provide subsidy to ecological-economic zoning (EEZ) as a tool to reduce the subjectivity of the process. The study area comprises 16 municipalities in the northeast of the state of Pará, Brazil, representative of the agricultural development in the state. Data processing involved three steps: preparation of the data in a geographic information system (GIS) environment; mathematical processing (ANN-SOM) of the data; and visualization and interpretation of the processing results, allowing the spatial planning of northeastern Pará. The results comprised 13 classes, regrouped according to behavioral similarity criteria into four categories, which represent the main areas of sustainability proposed for the state of Pará, according to existing EEZ. The proposed methodology allows individualizing areas in the region that EEZ had not defined, mainly due to the greater possibility of combining and integrating a large number of physical, social, and economic variables through the SOM.

A simple GIS soil-water balance model for the Amazon Basin, called RisQue (Risco de Queimadasa -- Fire Risk), was used to conduct an analysis of spatial and temporal patterns of drought in moist tropical forests and the complex relationships between patterns of drought and forest fire regimes from 1995 through 2001. The provided data products are the model output estimates of maximum plant-available soil water (PAWmax) at 10 m depth at 8 km resolution and model data inputs of monthly precipitation and evapotranspiration. RisQue estimates PAWmax at 10 m depth starting with a map of PAWmax (1-2 m depth) developed using 1,565 RADAMBRASIL soil texture profiles and empirical relationships between soil texture and critical soil water parameters and then interpolated to 8 km resolution. In RisQue, plant-available soil water (PAW) is depleted by monthly evapotranspiration estimated using the Penman Monteith equation and satellite-derived radiation and recharged by monthly precipitation.There are three data files with this data set, two .zip, and one GeoTIFF image (.tif). The .zip files expand to 83 .asc files of evapotranspiration and 89 .asc files for precipitation data. The image (.tif) is a map of maximum percent available water at 10 m depth. All the files in this data set are in standard arc/info asciigrid format at 8 km resolution.

These data are the river basin shapefile components of a curated set of historical daily rainfall and streamflow data for a large region spanning the southern Amazonian rainforest and tropical savanna biomes of Brazil.

Basin attributes include: a site ID ("site"); the basin area in square km ("area"); the fraction of the basin area impacted by (draining to) a large (>30MW) reservoir ("resvr"); and a numeric indicator for basins located within the same basin network, i.e. nested basins ("group"). None of these basins have reservoir facilities located at their outlets as of 2013, although they may have reservoirs upstream - as indicated by the basin "resvr" attribute. Basin and reservoir drainage area boundaries were derived from free, publicly-available geographic information systems (GIS) data obtained from the Brazilian water management and electricity regulatory agencies: Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA) and Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica (ANEEL), respectively.

For each unique basin, there exists a corresponding flow gauge location record (see "Flow gauge locations for the Brazilian rainforest-savanna transition zone") and a flow time series record for discharge at the basin outlet (see "Flow gauge data for the Brazilian rainforest-savanna transition zone"); these are identified by the same site ID numbers.

Additional data package information and contents, including raw data files, documentation of data acquisition and processing, and related programmatic scripts, are available via Figshare: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.3100912.v1

This data set contains chlorophyll concentration maps of the Amazon River floodplain region from Parintins (Amazonas) to Almeirim (Para). These chlorophyll fraction maps were derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) surface reflectance product (MOD09) for 19 months from April 2002 to December 2003. The study was conducted in a floodplain reach upstream from Santarem, Para, in order to assess seasonal changes in phytoplanktonic chlorophyll-a distributions in the floodplain Lake Curuai. MODIS reflectance data were acquired at four river stages: rising (April), high (June), decreasing (September), and low (November). Chlorophyll maps were derived and used to compute the weighted average of chlorophyll concentration from MODIS images in the region. Field measurements of suspended inorganic matter and chlorophyll-a in Lake Curuai were made almost concurrently with satellite overpasses (Barbosa, 2005). The images and the estimated chlorophyll concentrations were compared to measured chlorophyll concentrations at control points for different hydrological states. This data set may be applied to better understand the seasonal dynamics of primary production of the Amazon floodplains. The maps of chlorophyll-a concentration may be used to model spatial and temporal variations of primary production in this region.The monthly chlorophyll-a maps are provided as GeoTIFF files. There are two formats: (1) color-mapped pixels and (2) pixels as chlorophyll-a concentrations. These latter images are not intended for browsing. These images have pixel values that are the chlorophyll-a concentration in mg/m3 and need to be download and opened in GIS software.

This zipfile includes datasets and codes that were used to produce the results in the paper entitled Amazon windthrow disturbances are likely to increase with storm frequency under global warming. Datasets include: 1. Windthrow density across the entire Amazon - GIS shapefile format 2. Current ERA 5 mean afternoon convective available potential energy (CAPE) (1990-2019) - Remote Sensing TIFF format 3. Estimated future mean CAPE from 10 models in CMIP 6 (2070-2099) - Remote Sensing TIFF format 4. Python codes in jupyter notebook and processed datasets used to generate Fig.2a and Table 1 in the paper. You will need to use Jupyter Notebook and Python for accessing and reading the codes. Please contact Yanlei Feng (ylfeng@berkeley.edu) for any questions. Paper associated with this dataset: Feng, Y., Negrón-Juárez, R.I., Romps, D.M. and Chambers, J.Q., 2023. Amazon windthrow disturbances are likely to increase with storm frequency under global warming. Nature communications, 14(1), p.101.

Database Assembly Mapping Mining Areas We obtained spatial information on mineral prospecting and mineral mining leases within the Brazilian Amazon from SIGMINE (Sistema de Informações Geográficas da Mineração; DNPM, 2012). This database catalogues all registered legal mining activities within Brazil, detailing the extent of each activity, dates of operation, and mined commodities. To map ‘mining leases’ of industrial-scale mineral mines, we selected records greater than 100 hectares in area and classified as mining concessions (Concessão de Lavra) and omitted leases extracting water or those classified as small-scale artisanal operations (Lavra Garimpeira). This resulted in 411 polygons (including active leases and adjacent extensions of such leases) of 15,750 km2 in total area, with mining start dates ranging from 1944 to 2017 (mean = 1978, sd = 11.9; Fig. 1). To map ‘mining areas,’ which include the direct (i.e., immediate land-use change resulting from mineral extraction) and indire...

Abstract The spatial distribution of the southern brown shrimp Farfantepenaeus subtilis (Pérez-Farfante, 1967) was studied based on industrial fishing fleet activities and is associated with geological and oceanographic characteristics of the benthonic environments on the Amazon continental shelf. Using a geographical information system (GIS) this paper sought to calculate the relative abundance of brown shrimp based on catch per unit effort (CPUE) and compare it with bathymetry, type of sedimentary structure, sedimentation rate and bottom salinity. As a result, we have concluded that the relative abundance (in terms of CPUE) is not uniformly distributed in space. Spatial analysis indicates that commercial trawling efforts were made in the (foreset) region of the subaqueous Amazon delta at depths of 40 to 60 m. In this region, prawn are responsible for the bioturbation of the sediments and the creation of a sedimentary structure called mottled mud. In the foreset region, sedimentation rates progressively increased up to 10 cm.yr-1; re-suspension was reduced and bottom salinity was high (~ 36). It appears that all of these factors define a stable muddy area with intense bioturbation. This notable biological activity is to be explained by the occurrence of a high F. subtilis abundance that appears to originate in a microbial loop. We concluded that by combining fishery information with environmental data from a GIS, it was possible to identify abundance distribution patterns for southern brown shrimp and other economically important fishery resources and to understand how they change on a large spatial-scale.

LiDAR point cloud data for Washington, DC is available for anyone to use on Amazon S3. This dataset, managed by the Office of the Chief Technology Officer (OCTO), through the direction of the District of Columbia GIS program, contains tiled point cloud data for the entire District along with associated metadata.

Available distribution datasets used to assess the range extantion of biological species are often at a species-level taxonomy. Because different taxonomy biases, many bird subspecies from the Neotropical region may deserve full species status. We provide range polygons for 3,990 subspecies of birds, representing 2,043 species from 65 families. All taxa are from the Amazon region, which includes the entire Amazon basin, the east slope of tropical Andes, French Guiana, Suriname, Guyana, south Venezuela (Bolivar and Amazonas departments), parts of the Brazilian Cerrado, and the Araguaia-Tocantins basin. These new maps of Amazonian bird subspecies distributions will improve and refine analyses on biodiversity studies (e.g. macroecology, evolution, conservation), and facilitate biogeographic, ecological, evolutionary, and conservation research on birds in the most biologically diverse region in the world.

This dataset is related to research submitted to the scientific journal Forest Ecology and Management

This data set provides concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) from air samples collected at several heights on towers at three locations in upland old growth forests in the Brazilian Amazon during the wet and dry seasons of 2004 and 2005. Towers are located in the Caxiuana National Forest, in the state of Amazonas; the Manaus, Para, site in the Cuieiras Reserve; and the Sinop site, located north of that city in the state of Mato Grosso. Two sampling campaigns were conducted at each _location. Samples were collected from each height 3-5 times on several nights and at least once during well-mixed daytime conditions during each campaign for a total of 75 profiles on 19 dates. There is one comma-delimited ASCII file with this data set.

Abstract Albedo is the portion of energy from the Sun that is reflected by the earth's surface, thus being an important variable that controls climate and energy processes on Earth. Surface albedo is directly related to the characteristics of the Earth’s surface materials, making it a useful parameter to evaluate the effects of original soil cover replacement due to human occupation. This study evaluated the changes in the surface albedo values due to the conversion of vegetation to other land uses and to analyze the applicability of the use of albedo in the spatial delimitation of land-use classes in the transitional region between the Cerrado and Amazon biomes. Surface albedo measurements were obtained from processing of Landsat Thematic Mapper data in the Geographic Information System (GIS), and land-use information were collected using Google Earth high-resolution images. The results show that human activities such as the cultivation of crops and burning have contributed substantially to variations in the surface albedo, and that albedo estimates from Landsat imagery have the potential to help in the recognition and delimitation of features of land use and cover.

This data set reports methane (CH4) fluxes at the water-air interface and concentrations and isotopic signals of CH4 in the bubbles stirred up from the sediment in Tucurui and Samuel reservoirs in 2000 and 2001. Tucurui (deep) reservoir is located near Belem city in the Tocantins-Araguaia basin in the eastern Amazon. Samuel (shallow) reservoir is situated near Porto Velho city in the Jamari River, a tributary of the Madeira River in the western Amazon. Field samples were collected between June 2000 and September 2001. There are two comma-delimited ASCII data files in this data set. This study was carried out to identify differences in methane cycling between deep and shallow reservoirs (Lima, 2005). Isotopic and concentration analyses of methane in bubbles, dissolved in the water column, and emitted to the atmosphere demonstrate that water depth is critical regarding methane emissions from hydroreservoirs in the Amazon. Methanotrophic activities are greater in Tucurui (deep) while light isotopic methane is directly released from Samuel (shallow). Therefore, the methanotrophic layer of the deep reservoir is more efficient in oxidizing methane before reaching the atmosphere, since the quantity of methane in the sediments of the reservoirs were equivalent.

This map shows the general status and threats in the WWF Amazon priority ecoregion. Use the layer window to explore relevant data on conservation, infrastructure and land cover.