Background: Non-invasive Cardiovascular imaging (NICI), including cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging provides important information to guide the management of patients with cardiovascular conditions. Current rates of NICI use and potential policy determinants in the United States of America (US) and England remain unexplored.Methods: We compared NICI activity in the US (Medicare fee-for-service, 2011–2015) and England (National Health Service, 2012–2016). We reviewed recommendations related to CMR from Clinical Practice Guidelines, Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC), and Choosing Wisely. We then categorized recommendations according to whether CMR was the only recommended NICI technique (substitutable indications). Reimbursement policies in both settings were systematically collated and reviewed using publicly available information.Results: The 2015 rate of NICI activity in the US was 3.1 times higher than in England (31,055 vs. 9,916 per 100,000 beneficiaries). The proportion of CMR of all NICI was small in both jurisdictions, but nuclear cardiac imaging was more frequent in the US in absolute and relative terms. American and European CPGs were similar, both in terms of number of recommendations and proportions of indications where CMR was not the only recommended NICI technique (substitutable indications). Reimbursement schemes for NICI activity differed for physicians and hospitals between the two settings.Conclusions: Fee-for-service physician compensation in the US for NICI may contribute to higher NICI activity compared to England where physicians are salaried. Reimbursement arrangements for the performance of the test may contribute to the higher proportion of nuclear cardiac imaging out of the total NICI activity. Differences in CPG recommendations appear not to explain the variation in NICI activity between the US and England.

In 2020, about 82.66 percent of the total population in the United States lived in cities and urban areas. As the United States was one of the earliest nations to industrialize, it has had a comparatively high rate of urbanization over the past two centuries. The urban population became larger than the rural population during the 1910s, and by the middle of the century it is expected that almost 90 percent of the population will live in an urban setting. Regional development of urbanization in the U.S. The United States began to urbanize on a larger scale in the 1830s, as technological advancements reduced the labor demand in agriculture, and as European migration began to rise. One major difference between early urbanization in the U.S. and other industrializing economies, such as the UK or Germany, was population distribution. Throughout the 1800s, the Northeastern U.S. became the most industrious and urban region of the country, as this was the main point of arrival for migrants. Disparities in industrialization and urbanization was a key contributor to the Union's victory in the Civil War, not only due to population sizes, but also through production capabilities and transport infrastructure. The Northeast's population reached an urban majority in the 1870s, whereas this did not occur in the South until the 1950s. As more people moved westward in the late 1800s, not only did their population growth increase, but the share of the urban population also rose, with an urban majority established in both the West and Midwest regions in the 1910s. The West would eventually become the most urbanized region in the 1960s, and over 90 percent of the West's population is urbanized today. Urbanization today New York City is the most populous city in the United States, with a population of 8.3 million, while California has the largest urban population of any state. California also has the highest urbanization rate, although the District of Columbia is considered 100 percent urban. Only four U.S. states still have a rural majority, these are Maine, Mississippi, Montana, and West Virginia.

United States Imports from United Kingdom was US$68.83 Billion during 2024, according to the United Nations COMTRADE database on international trade. United States Imports from United Kingdom - data, historical chart and statistics - was last updated on December of 2025.

United States Exports to United Kingdom was US$79.89 Billion during 2024, according to the United Nations COMTRADE database on international trade. United States Exports to United Kingdom - data, historical chart and statistics - was last updated on December of 2025.

United Kingdom Exports to United States was US$71.77 Billion during 2024, according to the United Nations COMTRADE database on international trade. United Kingdom Exports to United States - data, historical chart and statistics - was last updated on December of 2025.

Across the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and the European Union, gross domestic products (GDP) decreased in 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, by 2021, growth rates were positive in all four areas again. The United Kingdom, Germany, and the European Union all experiencing slow economic growth in 2023 amid high inflation, with Germany even seeing an economic recession. GDP and its components GDP refers to the total market value of all goods and services that are produced within a country per year. It is composed of government spending, consumption, business investments and net exports. It is an important indicator to measure the economic strength of a country. Economists rely on a variety of factors when predicting the future performance of the GDP. Inflation rate is one of the economic indicators providing insight into the future behavior of households, which make up a significant proportion of GDP. Projections are based on the past performance of such information. Future considerations Some factors can be more easily predicted than others. For example, projections of the annual inflation rate of the United States are easy to come by. However, the intensity and impact of something like Brexit is difficult to predict. Moreover, the occurrence and impact of events such as the COVID-19 pandemic and Russia's war in Ukraine is difficult to foresee. Hence, actual GDP growth may be higher or lower than the original estimates.

Europeans' opinions of the United States of America have undergone several noticeable shifts since the turn of the millennium. While in the early years of the ***** the United States' reputation took a hit due to many Europeans' unfavorable opinion on the military interventions in Afghanistan and Iraq, they subsequently improved following Barack Obama's election in 2008. Again, following Donald Trump's election in 2016, favorability dipped in Europe, but had subsequently improved during the Biden presidency. While public opinion in the five largest Western European countries tends to move in tandem on this issue, there is a noticeable difference between countries, with Germany and Spain having the lowest of the U.S., while Italy and the United Kingdom tend to have more favorable opinions. Low-points in the European-U.S. relationship A low-point for favorability of the U.S. in Europe came in March 2003, on the eve of the invasion of Iraq, as many Europeans saw the United States' actions as illegitimate due to the lack of a United Nations Security Council resolution to authorize military action. The reputation of the U.S. swiftly moved back to a more moderate stance in European countries up until 2009. Another low-point in Europeans' favorability of the U.S. occurred in 2017, following the election of Donald Trump as U.S. president - Trump's inflammatory rhetoric and his strong criticism of the foreign and security policies of European countries, particularly Germany, caused Europeans' favorability of the United States to plummet during the four years of his presidency. Many Europeans have come to view the Republican Party as being further right from the mainstream of European politics than the Democratic Party, who tend to promote politicies that are considered to be in the center-ground in Europe Pro-American sentiment more common under Democratic presidents The favorability of the United States in Europe has a clear political component to it, as the U.S. tends to be more in favor when there is a Democrat in the Oval Office, rather than a Republican. Europeans reported much more positive views directly after the election of Barack Obama to the presidency in 2008, with the share of respondents reporting favorable opinions jumping by over ** percent in some countries. This is particularly remarkable considering that this came during the global financial crisis, which had many of its root causes laying in the activities of American banks and financiers on Wall Street. Obama's promise to scale down the United States' military interventions in the Middle East, as well as his general reputation as being a president of change landed well with many Europeans. A similar effect can be seen in 2021, as Europeans reacted positively to the election of Joe Biden over the then-incumbent Donald Trump in November 2020.

In 2024, no country had a higher foreign direct investment (FDI) position in the United States than Japan, followed by the United Kingdom and Canada. At that time, Japan had over 754 billion U.S. dollars invested in the United States. What is FDI? FDI is an international investment, in this case when a foreign firm or individual invests in a business in the United States. The worldwide value of FDI flows is immense, which is a result of the increasing connectedness of world financial markets. In this statistic, we see countries that are connected to the U.S. for historic and geographic reasons, such as the UK and Canada respectively, investing large sums of money in U.S. enterprises. The countries which received the most FDI from the United States in 2024 were the UK, Netherlands, and Luxembourg. The effects of FDI Foreign direct investment, like any increase in capital, leads to a higher number of jobs. The economy of the target country grows, and the investing country generally earns a good rate of return. Critics of FDI worry that it opens companies to the influence of foreign individuals and firms.

In 2022, the number of visitors to the United States from the United Kingdom rose by roughly *** percent from the previous year, reaching **** million. While this was significantly higher than the visitation rates recorded during 2020 and 2021, when traveling was heavily restricted by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, it was nevertheless lower than pre-pandemic numbers, which were consistently above **** million between 2013 and 2019.

The United States was the leading country for exports from the United Kingdom in 2024, with **** percent of all UK exports going to this market. Germany was the second-largest export market for the UK in this year, followed by the Netherlands, with these countries accounting for *** and *** percent of UK exports respectively. During this year, cars were the most valuable goods commodity exported from the UK, while general business services were the most valuable type of service exported from the UK. UK imports most from Germany Although the United States was the largest export market, Germany was the country from which the UK imported the highest share of goods, with **** percent of the UK’s imports coming from the country in 2024. The United States was the second-largest source of imports for the UK, with *** percent originating from there in 2024, with China a close third at *** percent of UK imports. The main types of trade goods imported from the rest of the world in the UK included cars, oil, and mechanical power generators. The Balance of Trade In the fourth quarter of 2024, the United Kingdom had an overall trade deficit of over **** billion pounds. Although service exports from the UK to the rest of the world amounted to more than ***** billion pounds, the UK imported far more goods than it exported, resulting in a goods trade deficit of **** billion pounds, bringing down the overall trade balance. As of 2023, the UK was behind only the U.S. when it came to the overall size of the trade deficit.

As of October 2025, social network X (formerly known as Twitter) was most popular in the United States, with an audience reach of approximately 99.04 million users. Japan ranked second, recording more than 71 million users on the platform. Global Twitter usage As of the second quarter of 2021, X/Twitter had 206 million monetizable daily active users worldwide. The most-followed Twitter accounts include figures such as Elon Musk, Justin Bieber and former U.S. president Barack Obama. X/Twitter and politics X/Twitter has become an increasingly relevant tool in domestic and international politics. The platform has become a way to promote policies and interact with citizens and other officials, and most world leaders and foreign ministries have an official Twitter account. Former U.S. president Donald Trump used to be a prolific Twitter user before the platform permanently suspended his account in January 2021. During an August 2018 survey, 61 percent of respondents stated that Trump's use of Twitter as President of the United States was inappropriate.

Based on a comparison of coronavirus deaths in 210 countries relative to their population, Peru had the most losses to COVID-19 up until July 13, 2022. As of the same date, the virus had infected over 557.8 million people worldwide, and the number of deaths had totaled more than 6.3 million. Note, however, that COVID-19 test rates can vary per country. Additionally, big differences show up between countries when combining the number of deaths against confirmed COVID-19 cases. The source seemingly does not differentiate between "the Wuhan strain" (2019-nCOV) of COVID-19, "the Kent mutation" (B.1.1.7) that appeared in the UK in late 2020, the 2021 Delta variant (B.1.617.2) from India or the Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) from South Africa.

The difficulties of death figures

This table aims to provide a complete picture on the topic, but it very much relies on data that has become more difficult to compare. As the coronavirus pandemic developed across the world, countries already used different methods to count fatalities, and they sometimes changed them during the course of the pandemic. On April 16, for example, the Chinese city of Wuhan added a 50 percent increase in their death figures to account for community deaths. These deaths occurred outside of hospitals and went unaccounted for so far. The state of New York did something similar two days before, revising their figures with 3,700 new deaths as they started to include “assumed” coronavirus victims. The United Kingdom started counting deaths in care homes and private households on April 29, adjusting their number with about 5,000 new deaths (which were corrected lowered again by the same amount on August 18). This makes an already difficult comparison even more difficult. Belgium, for example, counts suspected coronavirus deaths in their figures, whereas other countries have not done that (yet). This means two things. First, it could have a big impact on both current as well as future figures. On April 16 already, UK health experts stated that if their numbers were corrected for community deaths like in Wuhan, the UK number would change from 205 to “above 300”. This is exactly what happened two weeks later. Second, it is difficult to pinpoint exactly which countries already have “revised” numbers (like Belgium, Wuhan or New York) and which ones do not. One work-around could be to look at (freely accessible) timelines that track the reported daily increase of deaths in certain countries. Several of these are available on our platform, such as for Belgium, Italy and Sweden. A sudden large increase might be an indicator that the domestic sources changed their methodology.

Where are these numbers coming from?

The numbers shown here were collected by Johns Hopkins University, a source that manually checks the data with domestic health authorities. For the majority of countries, this is from national authorities. In some cases, like China, the United States, Canada or Australia, city reports or other various state authorities were consulted. In this statistic, these separately reported numbers were put together. For more information or other freely accessible content, please visit our dedicated Facts and Figures page.

From 2003 to 2025, the central banks of the United States, United Kingdom, and European Union exhibited remarkably similar interest rate patterns, reflecting shared global economic conditions. In the early 2000s, rates were initially low to stimulate growth, then increased as economies showed signs of overheating prior to 2008. The financial crisis that year prompted sharp rate cuts to near-zero levels, which persisted for an extended period to support economic recovery. The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 led to further rate reductions to historic lows, aiming to mitigate economic fallout. However, surging inflation in 2022 triggered a dramatic policy shift, with the Federal Reserve, Bank of England, and European Central Bank significantly raising rates to curb price pressures. As inflation stabilized in late 2023 and early 2024, the ECB and Bank of England initiated rate cuts by mid-2024. Moreover, the Federal Reserve also implemented its first cut in three years, with forecasts suggesting a gradual decrease in all major interest rates between 2025 and 2026. Divergent approaches within the European Union While the ECB sets a benchmark rate for the Eurozone, individual EU countries have adopted diverse strategies to address their unique economic circumstances. For instance, Hungary set the highest rate in the EU at 13 percent in September 2023, gradually reducing it to 6.5 percent by October 2024. In contrast, Sweden implemented more aggressive cuts, lowering its rate to 2.15 percent by October 2025, the lowest among EU members. These variations highlight the complex economic landscape that European central banks must navigate, balancing inflation control with economic growth support. Global context and future outlook The interest rate changes in major economies have had far-reaching effects on global financial markets. Government bond yields, for example, reflect these policy shifts and investor sentiment. As of October 2025, the United States had the highest 10-year government bond yield among developed economies at 4.09 percent, while Switzerland had the lowest at 0.27 percent. These rates serve as important benchmarks for borrowing costs and economic expectations worldwide.

As of October 2025, India had the largest Instagram audience worldwide, with 480.55 million users. The United States ranked second with 181.75 million users, followed by Brazil with 147 million. However, Turkey recorded the highest audience reach, with 92.1 percent of its population using the platform. It took Instagram 11.2 years to reach the milestone of 2 billion monthly active users worldwide. Instagram’s demographics in the United States As of March 2025, Instagram was the fourth most visited social media service in the United States, after Facebook, Pinterest and X. Out of TikTok, Instagram and Snapchat, TikTok was the most used of all three platforms by Generation Z. Overall, 57 percent of Gen Z social media users used Instagram in 2021, down from 61 percent in 2020 and 64 percent in 2019. Instagram finds most popularity with those in the 25 to 34 year age group, and as of January 2025, roughly 28.3 of all users in the United States belonged to this age group. The social media app was also more likely to be used by women. Most followed accounts on Instagram Instagram’s official account had the most followers as of April 2024 with over 672 million followers. Manchester United forward Cristiano Ronaldo (@cristiano) had over 628 million followers on the platform, while the Argentinian footballer Lionel Messi (@leomessi) had over 502 million followers. The Instagram accounts of the American singer and actress Selena Gomez (@selenagomez) and the media personality and makeup mogul Kylie Jenner (@kyliejenner) had over 400 million followers each.

In 2024, there were nearly 24 million people with a net worth of over one million U.S. dollars in the United States, which put the country on the top of the ranking. China was ranked second in that year, with more than six million individuals with wealth exceeding one million U.S. dollars. France followed in third with around three million millionaires.

Respondents from three countries suggested several expensive goods and services where they would like to see BNPL from 2022 onwards. ********* and ************* were some of the most highly anticipated goods or services for consumers from the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia. Whilst the source does not explicitly state why the respondents are opting for these segments, it suggests that average BNPL purchases in these three countries had increased, noting a sign of confidence. The United States and Australia are two of the most researched countries in the world when it comes to buy now, pay later. The first due to its general interest in the (financial) topic, the latter because it was one of the early adopters. The market share of BNPL in domestic e-commerce payments was higher in Europe than in either of these countries.

The United States is the main supplier of crude oil and natural gas liquids for the United Kingdom. In 2024, some 16.2 million metric tons of crude oil were imported from the U.S. Libya and Nigeria rounded out the top four origin countries. In 2024, crude oil and NGL imports in the UK totaled around 41.9 million metric tons. Leading export destinations As an exporter, the UK sold more crude oil to the Netherlands than any other country. In 2024, exports to the Benelux country stood at more than 11 million metric tons. This figure also includes crude oil volumes meant for transshipment or in transit to other destinations, like Belgium and Germany. Production of crude oil at home In 2024, the crude oil production in the UK amounted to 653,000 barrels per day. This was a decrease compared to the previous year and the lowest production volume since the country discovered offshore reservoirs. The UK has begun decommissioning many of its North Sea oil platforms and will continue doing so in the coming years. By 2030, the projected UK oil production is set to fall to some 21.1 million metric tons of oil equivalent.

Out of all OECD countries, Cost Rica had the highest poverty rate as of 2022, at over 20 percent. The country with the second highest poverty rate was the United States, with 18 percent. On the other end of the scale, Czechia had the lowest poverty rate at 6.4 percent, followed by Denmark.

The significance of the OECD

The OECD, or the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, was founded in 1948 and is made up of 38 member countries. It seeks to improve the economic and social well-being of countries and their populations. The OECD looks at issues that impact people’s everyday lives and proposes policies that can help to improve the quality of life.

Poverty in the United States

In 2022, there were nearly 38 million people living below the poverty line in the U.S.. About one fourth of the Native American population lived in poverty in 2022, the most out of any ethnicity. In addition, the rate was higher among young women than young men. It is clear that poverty in the United States is a complex, multi-faceted issue that affects millions of people and is even more complex to solve.

Nearly **** out of 10 respondents from three countries listed BNPL's ease of use as the main reason for the payment method's overall popularity in 2022. Another major draw for consumers from the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia was the overall flexibility that buy now, pay later provided. The United States and Australia are two of the most researched countries in the world when it comes to buy now, pay later. The first due to its general interest in the (financial) topic, the latter because it was one of the early adopters. The market share of BNPL in domestic e-commerce payments was higher in Europe than in either of these countries.

As of October 2025, India was the country with the largest YouTube audience by far, with approximately 500 million users engaging with the popular social video platform. The United States followed, with 254 million YouTube viewers. Indonesia came in third, with 151 million users watching content on YouTube. The United Kingdom saw 55.5 million internet users engaging with the platform in the examined period. What country has the highest percentage of YouTube users? Saudi Arabia was the country with the highest YouTube penetration worldwide, as nearly 96 percent of the country's digital population engaged with the service. In 2025, YouTube counted 125 million paid subscribers for its YouTube Music and YouTube Premium services. YouTube mobile markets YouTube is among the most popular social media platforms worldwide. In terms of in-app (IAP) revenue, the YouTube app generated approximately 53 million U.S. dollars in the United States in December 2024, as well as 17 million U.S. dollars in Japan.