The study site is one of three fields (all located within 1.6 km of each other) at the University of Nebraska Agricultural Research and Development Center near Mead, Nebraska. This site is irrigated with a center pivot system. Prior to the initiation of the study, the irrigated site had a 10-yr history of maize-soybean rotation under no-till. A tillage operation (disking) was done just prior to the 2001 planting to homogenize the top 0.1 m of soil, incorporate P and K fertilizers, as well as previously accumulated surface residues. Since the tillage operation, the site has been under no-till management until the harvest of 2005. Following harvest, a conservation-plow tillage operation was initiated where a small amount of N fertilizer is sprayed on the residue immediately prior to the plow operation. Approximately 1/3 of the crop residue is left on the surface. The post-harvest conservation-plow operation continues as the current practice. Resources in this dataset:Resource Title: GeoData catalog record. File Name: Web Page, url: https://geodata.nal.usda.gov/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/UniversityOfNebraska1_eaa_2015_March_17_1330

Located within an exclusively agricultural landscape, the G19 Rosemount AmeriFlux site measures the carbon budget of corn-soybean annual crop rotation. Resources in this dataset:Resource Title: GeoData catalog record. File Name: Web Page, url: https://geodata.nal.usda.gov/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/Rosemount-G19_eaa_2015_March_12_1556

Energy and CO2 Fluxes have been monitored from 1997 to 2007 using Bowen Ratio technique, and since spring of 2004 with eddy covariance. This is located in a small intensively-studied, experimental watershed within USDA-ARS's Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed.

• Resource Title: GeoData catalog record.

  File Name: Web Page, url: https://geodata.nal.usda.gov/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/WalnutGulchKG_eaa_2015_March_12_1648

This is the AmeriFlux version of the carbon flux data for the site US-TaS Taylor Slough/Panhandle. Site Description - This tower is located in the Florida Everglades, a unique community of stunted mangroves which receive seasonally driven freshwater inputs and wind-driven estuarine inputs

Wind speed, wind direction (3D) and gas concentrations are measured at 10 Hz and statistically processed using the eddy covariance technique to half-hour estimates of flux rates of gas exchange between the ecosystem and atmosphere. Three gases were measured: carbon dioxide, methane and water vapor. Simultaneous measurements of environmental drivers are also measured and recorded as half-hourly values: photosynthetic photon flux density, downwelling and upwelling short and long wave radiation, air temperature, relative humidity and precipitation. Variable names and units follow AmeriFlux and FLUXNET standards. This site is a flotant herbaceous freshwater marsh in Salvador Wildlife Management Area near Luling, LA.

This is the AmeriFlux Management Project (AMP) created FLUXNET-1F version of the carbon flux data for the site US-NR1 Niwot Ridge Forest (LTER NWT1). This is the FLUXNET version of the carbon flux data for the site US-NR1 Niwot Ridge Forest (LTER NWT1) produced by applying the standard ONEFlux (1F) software. Site Description - The Niwot Ridge AmeriFlux site is located in a subalpine forest ecosystem just below the Continental Divide near Nederland, CO. The site is located at 3050 m elevation, within 600m of the NOAA C1 long-term monitoring station, approximately 8 km east of the Continental Divide. The surrounding subalpine forest is ~97 years old and in a state of aggradation, having recovered from early twentieth century logging (Monson, et al. Global Change Biology (2002), 8 459-478). Additional data, photos, and information can be found at: Burns S. P., P. D. Blanken, and R. K. Monson (2020): Data, Photographs, Videos, and Information for the Niwot Ridge Subalpine Forest (US-NR1) AmeriFlux site. AmeriFlux Management Project. https://doi.org/10.15485/1671825

The study site is one of three fields (all located within 1.6 km of each other) at the University of Nebraska Agricultural Research and Development Center near Mead, Nebraska. While the other two sites are equipped with irrigation systems, this site relies on rainfall. A tillage operation (disking) was done just prior to the 2001 planting to homogenize the top 0.1 m of soil, incorporate P and K fertilizers, as well as previously accumulated surface residues. Since initiation of the study in 2001, this site has been under no-till management. Resources in this dataset:Resource Title: GeoData catalog record. File Name: Web Page, url: https://geodata.nal.usda.gov/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/UniversityOfNebraska_eaa_2015_March_17_1231

This is the AmeriFlux version of the carbon flux data for the site US-BMM Bangtail Mountain Meadow. Site Description - montane grassland. Associated project: n 2012 DOE established the AmeriFlux Management Project (AMP) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) to support the broad AmeriFlux community and the AmeriFlux sites. AmeriFlux is a network of PI-managed sites measuring ecosystem CO2, water, and energy fluxes in North, Central and South America. It was established to connect research on field sites representing major climate and ecological biomes, including tundra, grasslands, savanna, crops, and conifer, deciduous, and tropical forests. AMP collaborates with AmeriFlux scientists to ensure the quality and availability of the continuous, long-term ecosystem measurements necessary to understand these ecosystems and to build effective models and multisite syntheses.

AmeriFlux [http://ameriflux.lbl.gov/] is part of the larger network Fluxnet [http://daac.ornl.gov/FLUXNET/fluxnet.shtml] which endeavors to connect observations from regional micrometeorological tower sites for global analysis. AmeriFlux towers measure the exchange of energy, water, and carbon through a network of sites with variable vegetation, disturbance records, and climatic conditions. The ecosystems included within the network are temperate and tropical evergreen forests, temperate deciduous forests, woodlands, grasslands, agricultural crops, boreal, and shrublands. Climates in these biomes vary between tundra, temperate, tropical, and arid. This Level 4 Dataset accumulated from the AmeriFlux Network focuses on hourly, daily, and monthly observations collected at North American tower sites. The selection of AmeriFlux sites were chosen based on the period of available data, the diversity in vegetation types, the past success of testing land surface models, and the availability of atmospheric forcing for Community Land Models. AmeriFlux Level 4 data has been gap-filled, quality-flagged and includes meteorological variables, CO2 exchange rates, heat fluxes, biogeochemical pools, calculated gross productivity, and ecosystem respiration terms. The period of record varies by individual tower site, but some sites have as much as 15 years of recorded data.

This is the AmeriFlux version of the carbon flux data for the site US-Mj2 Montana Judith Basin summer fallow field. Site Description - see Vick et al. (2016), doi:10.1016/j.agee.2016.07.018 Associated project: In 2012 DOE established the AmeriFlux Management Project (AMP) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) to support the broad AmeriFlux community and the AmeriFlux sites. AmeriFlux is a network of PI-managed sites measuring ecosystem CO2, water, and energy fluxes in North, Central and South America. It was established to connect research on field sites representing major climate and ecological biomes, including tundra, grasslands, savanna, crops, and conifer, deciduous, and tropical forests. AMP collaborates with AmeriFlux scientists to ensure the quality and availability of the continuous, long-term ecosystem measurements necessary to understand these ecosystems and to build effective models and multisite syntheses

AmeriFlux carbon flux data with co-located ERA5 variables

AmeriFlux data was extracted from https://ameriflux.lbl.gov/ (16 May 2024 for all sites, and 7 Mar 2025 for site AMF_US-xUN).

Variables include:

• NEE_VUT_REF
• GPP_VUT_DT_REF
• GPP_VUT_NT_REF

We used nearest-neighbor interpolation for co-location of ERA5 data. ERA5 data was downloaded from https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.adbb2d47

Variables include:

• Time-mean surface sensible heat flux
• Time-mean surface latent heat flux
• 2 metre dewpoint temperature
• Surface pressure
• Surface net short-wave (solar) radiation
• Surface net long-wave (thermal) radiation
• 2 metre temperature
• Total precipitation

description: The Ameriflux Measurement Component system comprises 12 soil temperature and volumetric water content (VWC) reflectometers and a set of upwelling and downwelling photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) sensors, all deployed within the fetch, or range, of the Eddy Correlation Flux Measurement System. Soil temperature and VWC sensors placed at two depths (10 and 30 cm below the vegetation layer) at six locations or microsites allow soil property inhomogeneity to be monitored across a landscape.; abstract: The Ameriflux Measurement Component system comprises 12 soil temperature and volumetric water content (VWC) reflectometers and a set of upwelling and downwelling photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) sensors, all deployed within the fetch, or range, of the Eddy Correlation Flux Measurement System. Soil temperature and VWC sensors placed at two depths (10 and 30 cm below the vegetation layer) at six locations or microsites allow soil property inhomogeneity to be monitored across a landscape.

This is the AmeriFlux version of the carbon flux data for the site US-MSR Montana Sun River winter wheat . Site Description - winter wheat. Associated project: In 2012 DOE established the AmeriFlux Management Project (AMP) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) to support the broad AmeriFlux community and the AmeriFlux sites. AmeriFlux is a network of PI-managed sites measuring ecosystem CO2, water, and energy fluxes in North, Central and South America. It was established to connect research on field sites representing major climate and ecological biomes, including tundra, grasslands, savanna, crops, and conifer, deciduous, and tropical forests. AMP collaborates with AmeriFlux scientists to ensure the quality and availability of the continuous, long-term ecosystem measurements necessary to understand these ecosystems and to build effective models and multisite syntheses.

This is the AmeriFlux version of the carbon flux data for the site US-CRK Davy Crockett National Forest. Site Description - Shortleaf pine, mature

Established in 1996, the AmeriFlux network provides continuous observations of ecosystem level exchanges of CO2, water, energy and momentum spanning diurnal, synoptic, seasonal, and interannual time scales. AmeriFlux is currently composed of sites from North America, Central America, and South America. AmeriFlux is part of a "network of regional networks" (FLUXNET) which coordinates regional and global analysis of observations from micrometeorological tower sites.

This is the AmeriFlux version of the carbon flux data for the site US-Mj1 Montana Judith Basin wheat field. Site Description - see Vick et al. (2016), doi:10.1016/j.agee.2016.07.018 Associate project: In 2012 DOE established the AmeriFlux Management Project (AMP) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) to support the broad AmeriFlux community and the AmeriFlux sites. AmeriFlux is a network of PI-managed sites measuring ecosystem CO2, water, and energy fluxes in North, Central and South America. It was established to connect research on field sites representing major climate and ecological biomes, including tundra, grasslands, savanna, crops, and conifer, deciduous, and tropical forests. AMP collaborates with AmeriFlux scientists to ensure the quality and availability of the continuous, long-term ecosystem measurements necessary to understand these ecosystems and to build effective models and multisite syntheses.

Flux data from the eddy flux towers on the GLBRC scaleup sites is...

This is the AmeriFlux version of the carbon flux data for the site US-Blk Black Hills. Site Description - The Black Hills tower was established by the Institute for Atmospheric Studies of the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology.

This dataset links to a data download from the Daymet website. Data parameters are Latitude: 34.2547 Longitude: -89.8735 X & Y on Lambert Conformal Conic: 897941.75 -822030.73; Tile: 11206; Elevation: 91 meters; Years: 1980-2014. Archived and distributed through the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center (ORNL DAAC), the Daymet dataset for Goodwin Creek provides gridded estimates of daily weather parameters for North America, including daily continuous surfaces of minimum and maximum temperature, precipitation occurrence and amount, humidity, shortwave radiation, snow water equivalent, and day length. The Goodwin Creek site is located in the Bluff Hills, just east of the Mississippi River valley. In addition to being a core AmeriFlux site, Goodwin Creek is affiliated with a multitude of other projects including Surface Radiation (SURFRAD), Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN), and is one of twelve USDA Conservation Reserve Program watersheds. Natural disturbances are of minimal influence to the site. The immediate region is primarily used for grazing while infrequent logging activities occur in nearby forests. The grass surrounding the base of the tower is mowed periodically to maintain a height consistent with the regional grasslands. Daymet is supported by funding from NASA through the Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS) and the Terrestrial Ecosystem Program. The continued development of the Daymet algorithm and processing is also supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research within the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science. Resources in this dataset:Resource Title: GeoData catalog. File Name: Web Page, url: https://geodata.nal.usda.gov/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/GoodwinCreek_eaa_2015_March_17_1633

The site is located on the USDA-ARS's Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed. It is dominated by Wyoming big sagebrush on land managed by USDI Bureau of Land Management. Resources in this dataset:Resource Title: GeoData catalog record. File Name: Web Page, url: https://geodata.nal.usda.gov/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/347233fc-69ea-4df0-8148-9f3a5e3ea5cc