Market Overview The global estate inheritance planning and management market is expected to reach USD XXX million by 2033, growing at a CAGR of XX% during the forecast period 2025-2033. The market is driven by several factors, including the increasing number of high-net-worth individuals, growing awareness of estate planning, and rising demand for professional management services. The market has been segmented on the basis of application (family business, philanthropy, others) and type (cloud-based, on-premise). Competitive Landscape The market is highly competitive, with a number of global and regional players. Some of the key players in the market include Vistra, Prudential Hong Kong Limited, TMF Group, HSBC Private Banking, Pitcher Partners, Smith Haughey, BUCHANAN INGERSOLL & ROONEY PC, COUTTS & CO, Succession Wealth, and Progeny. These players provide a range of services, including estate planning, management, and tax advisory. The market is expected to remain competitive during the forecast period, with regional players posing a significant challenge to global players.

The market for Estate Inheritance Planning and Management is expected to grow significantly in the coming years, driven by increasing wealth and demand for professional estate planning services. The market is segmented into two main categories: type (cloud-based and on-premise) and application (family business, philanthropy etc.) Within these segments, key players include Vistra, Prudential Hong Kong Limited, TMF Group, HSBC Private Banking, and Smith Haughey. The market is expected to grow at a CAGR of XX% over the forecast period from 2025-2033. The growth of the market is being driven by a number of factors, including the increasing number of high-net-worth individuals, the rising complexity of estate planning laws, and the growing awareness of the importance of estate planning. The market is also being driven by technological advancements, such as the development of cloud-based estate planning software. The increasing popularity of philanthropy is also driving the growth of the market, as more individuals are looking to give back to their communities through estate planning.

Container Image Inheritance on DockerHub: Empirical Analysis and Insights

This repository represents a replication package for our SCAM paper on DockerHub inheritance network.

This replication package requires Python 3.5+ to be installed.

These experiments were executed on a Linux Ubuntu OS.

This replication package contains four folders:
- data: contains all datasets required.
- scripts: contains all scripts needed to collect the data.
- notebooks: contains notebooks where we analyze data.
- figures: contains figures saved from the notebooks.

To obtain the analysis used in the paper, one should execute ``jupyter notebook`` at the root of this replication package, and open the notebook contained in ``notebooks``.

The data is under the Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 4.0 license. The source code is under the GNU General Public License.

Life-history variation is the raw material of adaptation, and understanding its genetic and environmental underpinning is key to designing effective conservation strategies. We used large-scale genetic pedigree reconstruction of anadromous steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from the Russian River, California, USA to elucidate sex-specific patterns of life-history traits and their heritability. SNP data from adults returning from sea over a 14-year period were used to identify 13,474 parent-offspring trios. These pedigrees were used to determine age structure, size distributions, and family sizes for these fish, as well as to estimate the heritability of two key life-history traits, spawn date and age at maturity (first reproduction). Spawn date was highly heritable (h2 = 0.73) and had a cross-sex genetic correlation near unity. We provide the first estimate of heritability for age at maturity in ocean-going fish from this species and found it to be high heritable (h2 from 0.29–0.62, depending upon sex and calculation), with a much lower genetic correlation across sexes. We also evaluated genotypes at a migration-associated inversion polymorphism and found sex-specific correlations with age at maturity. The significant heritability of these two key reproductive traits in these imperiled fish, and their patterns of inheritance in the two sexes, is consistent with predictions of both natural and sexually antagonistic selection (sexes experience opposing selection pressures). This emphasizes the importance of anthropogenic factors, including hatchery practices and ecosystem modifications, in shaping the fitness of this species, thus providing important guidance for management and conservation efforts.

The contribution of genetic variation to phenotypes is a central factor in whether and how populations respond to selection. The most common approach to estimating this influences is via the calculation of heritabilities, which summarize the contribution of genetic variation to phenotypic variation. Heritabilities also indicate the relative affect of genetic variation on phenotypes versus that of environmental sources of variation. For labile traits like behavioral responses, life-history traits, and physiological responses, estimation of heritabilities is important as these traits are strongly influenced by the environment. Thus, knowing whether or not genetic variation is present within populations is necessary to understand whether or not these populations can evolve in response to selection. Here we report the results of a meta-analysis summarizing what we currently know about the heritability of behavior. Using phylogenetically controlled methods we assessed the average heritabilit...

Provides information on Inheritance Tax (IHT) cash receipts from estates and trusts and values of non-cash settlements of IHT liabilities. Previously listed under 'Revenue-based Taxes and Benefits: Inheritance Tax'.

Source agency: HM Revenue and Customs

Designation: National Statistics

Language: English

Alternative title: Inheritance Tax: Analysis of Receipts

Social learning about mate choices is taxonomically widespread, and is a potentially important mechanism of social evolution that may affect the strength of sexual selection in a population. We used a meta-analytic approach to estimate the effect of mate-choice copying on reproductive decisions. We evaluated effect sizes across 103 experiments from 40 studies that experimentally measured female mate-choice copying in non-human animals representing Arachnida, Insecta, Malacostraca, Aves, and Actinoperygii. Our goals were to quantify the magnitude of the effect of this form of social influence, and the extent to which it is modified by observer experience, model age relative to the observer, attractiveness of prospective mates, and testing conditions (laboratory vs. free-living). Across all studies, females that observed others choosing a male were on average 2.71 times more likely to mate with that male, or with a phenotypically similar individual, compared to females with no social information (odds ratio 95% credible interval: 1.60–4.80). After corrected for publication bias, this effect remained significant (corrected odds ratio: 1.92, 95% credible interval 1.13–3.40). We found little evidence for phylogenetic effects in the occurrence of mate-choice copying. Indeed, studies herein present evidence for mate-choice copying in a broad cross-section of species, but also report exceptions in sister taxa. Social information from observed mate choices of others had a considerably stronger effect on mate choice in free-living subjects than in captive individuals. Inexperienced (virgin) females were more likely to copy mate choices than were experienced females, but the relative age of the model was unrelated to whether copying occurred. Finally, females were more likely to copy the mate choices of others when social information counteracted the observing female's personal or genetic mating preference. We note the need for increased taxonomic representation in tests of mate-choice copying, given the robust demonstration of effects in taxa studied to date. Such broader information will provide additional insight to the drivers of the differences identified here in tendency to copy mate choices of others.

Different modes of non-genetic inheritance are expected to affect population persistence in fluctuating environments. We here analyze Caenorhabiditis elegans density-independent per capita growth rate time series on 36 populations experiencing 6 controlled sequences of challenging oxygen level fluctuations across 60 generations, and parameterize competing models of non-genetic inheritance in order to explain observed dynamics. Our analysis shows that phenotypic plasticity and anticipatory maternal effects are sufficient to explain growth rate dynamics, but that a carryover model where ``epigenetic" memory is imperfectly transmitted and might be reset at each generation is a better fit to the data. We further find that this epigenetic memory is asymmetric since it is kept for longer when populations are exposed to the more challenging environment. Our analysis suggests that population persistence in fluctuating environments depends on the non-genetic inheritance of phenotypes whose expression is regulated across multiple generations.

Ecological selection against hybrids between populations occupying different habitats might be an important component of reproductive isolation during the initial stages of speciation. The strength and directionality of this barrier to gene flow depends on the genetic architecture underlying divergence in ecologically relevant phenotypes. We here present line cross analyses of inheritance for two key foraging-related morphological traits involved in adaptive divergence between stickleback ecotypes residing parapatrically in lake and stream habitats within the Misty Lake watershed (Vancouver Island, Canada). One main finding is striking genetic dominance of the lake phenotype for body depth. Selection associated with this phenotype against first and later generation hybrids should therefore be asymmetric, hindering introgression from the lake to the stream population but not vice versa. Another main finding is that divergence in gill raker number is inherited additively and should therefore contribute symmetrically to reproductive isolation. Our study suggests that traits involved in adaptation might contribute to reproductive isolation qualitatively differently, depending on their mode of inheritance.

The global wealth succession consulting market is experiencing robust growth, driven by several key factors. Increasing high-net-worth individuals (HNWIs) and ultra-high-net-worth individuals (UHNWIs) globally necessitate sophisticated planning for wealth transfer across generations. This demand is further fueled by complex regulatory landscapes surrounding inheritance and estate taxes, making specialized professional advice crucial. Furthermore, the rising awareness of succession planning's importance, particularly amongst younger generations inheriting substantial wealth, contributes to market expansion. We estimate the market size in 2025 to be approximately $15 billion, considering a reasonable CAGR of 8% from 2019 to 2024, and expecting sustained growth driven by demographic shifts and evolving financial regulations. The market is segmented by service type (estate planning, tax optimization, family governance, philanthropy advisory), client type (HNWIs, UHNWIs, families), and geographic region. Key players such as Vistra, Prudential, TMF Group, and others are vying for market share by offering specialized services and leveraging technological advancements to improve efficiency and client service. Challenges remain, however, including increasing competition, the need for continuous professional development to keep abreast of evolving regulations, and the sensitivity and complexity inherent in handling high-value family wealth transfers. Future growth will be influenced by factors such as global economic conditions, regulatory changes, and technological innovations within the financial services sector, with further potential for market consolidation among consulting firms.

Research hypothesis was to use the Registers of Deeds for the North Riding of Yorkshire (held at North Yorkshire County Record Office, Northallerton, England) to advance knowledge about women's involvement with property transfer and the wider property market in the 18th & 19th centuries. Registers began in 1736 and ceased in 1970; there are 89 Index Ledgers and 2,328 Deeds Registers. The system for recording data changed in 1885 so one Index Ledger was selected from pre/ post this date and 100 years apart to incorporate impact of Marriage Acts. Stage 1 - Two Index Ledgers were transcribed in full: 1) Index of Lands Vol 9 (1784-90) covers a seven-year period and contains 6,868 unique transactions (31,966 lines); and 2) Index of Lands 1885-1889 covers a five-year period and contains 14,481 unique transactions (52,741 lines). Each line represents a person's name. Core data from Index showed Township, unique reference and names of parties, but the 18th century Index Ledger did not show date of transaction or all parties. Information from the individual Deeds Registers was then used to add to the core datasets: Stage 2 - The gender of all parties ('male', 'female' and 'not applicable' (for businesses) was added. Stage 3 - The usual residence, occupation (if any), marital status and any details of family relationships or inheritance rights of every women was added. Stage 4 - The 18th century dataset was then reduced to a five-year period covering 1785-1789 ONLY to provide a direct comparison with the 19th century dataset. Comparative analysis by: gender, marital status and number of transactions. Each transaction has a unique reference number but can contain multiple parties and cover more than one township. To identify the true number of transactions, the data had to be controlled for these factors. A control for uniqueness was also required for those individuals and organisations involved in multiple transactions and to avoid assuming that everyone with the same name was actually the same person. Where women were involved, additional data e.g. marital status, residence or family relationships was used to differentiate between like women. 1785-1789 findings include: distinctive patterns of female property involvement by gender and marital status. Married women represent more than 50% of female transactions despite having little, if any, legal status (coverture). Although 2,086 women transacted during this period, only 1.39% did so without husband's involvement; this increased to 45.47% by 1885-1889 period, reinforcing that Married Women's Property Acts were beginning to make an impact, treating married women as if 'feme sole'. More parity of involvement across marital status groups in 1885-1889 data, with spinsters' involvement increasing the most (from 17.58% to 31.37%). 1885-1889 dataset includes additional analysis by type of transaction and by township.

This spreadsheet shows overview of analysis of full 1885-1889 dataset.

Additional file 1. Zip archive of MaGelLAn1.0 source code consisting of four Python3 scripts.

Does the measurement of the racial wealth gap shift depending on the model, method, and data set used? We contrast the traditional mean Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition with the distributional Recentered Influence Function (RIF) methods. The untransformed, logarithm-transformed, and inverse hyperbolic sine-transformed versions in both Survey of Consumer Finances and Panel Study of Income Dynamics data sets exhibit similarities. The Oaxaca-Blinder (mean) decomposition highlights that receiving an inheritance explains a larger portion of the racial wealth gap than educational attainment. Conversely, the RIF method at the median suggests that educational attainment accounts for more of the wealth gap than inheritance receipt.

Expression level polymorphisms (ELPs) often result in cis-acting expression quantitative trait loci (cis-eQTL), which are important QTL and association mapping tools and account significantly for phenotypic variability. Generally, it is assumed that such stably heritable ELP represent regulatory element polymorphisms in the respective genes. However, comprehensive genome-wide analyses linking expression level, regulatory sequence and gene structure variation are missing, preventing definite verification of this assumption. Here we analyzed heritability of ELP observed between Arabidopsis thaliana accessions Eil-0 and Lc-0 by comparing genotyped recombinant inbred lines (RIL) to their parents in microarray analyses. Keywords: expression level polymorphism, Arabidopsis thaliana accessions, recombinant inbred lines In order to analyze expression level polymorphisms between the accessions Eil-0 and Lc-0, three independently grown seedling pools were analyzed by two color co-hybridization of the labeled cDNAs in dyeswap experiments, giving a total of six slides. For the analysis of gene expression in seedlings of 7 different RILs, each RIL sample was co-hybridized with each parent (Eil-0 and Lc-0) in a dyeswap, resulting in two slides per parent vs. RIL comparison. The total number of slides in this study was 34.

The elder law service market is experiencing robust growth, driven by an aging global population and increasing awareness of estate planning and asset protection needs. The market size in 2025 is estimated at $15 billion, reflecting a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of approximately 7% from 2019 to 2024, a figure expected to remain relatively consistent throughout the forecast period (2025-2033). This growth is fueled by several key factors: rising life expectancy, increasing prevalence of chronic diseases requiring long-term care, and a growing desire among individuals to secure their financial futures and protect their assets for future generations. Significant market segments include medical care planning, asset protection strategies, and estate planning services, with personal application representing a larger share than family-based services initially, though the latter is expected to show faster growth in the long term. The market is geographically diverse, with North America currently holding the largest market share, followed by Europe and Asia Pacific. However, emerging economies in Asia Pacific are anticipated to demonstrate considerable growth potential in the coming years due to rapid economic development and a rising middle class. Despite the positive growth outlook, the market faces certain restraints. These include the relatively high cost of elder law services, potentially limiting access for some individuals, and the complex and often evolving legal landscape, requiring lawyers to maintain ongoing professional development. Furthermore, competition among numerous firms, ranging from large national corporations to smaller specialized practices, can impact profitability. Successfully navigating these challenges will require law firms to offer specialized and personalized services, invest in advanced technology, and implement effective marketing strategies to reach the target demographic effectively. The emergence of online legal service platforms may present both challenges and opportunities, with some firms capitalizing on the trend by offering accessible and affordable options while others face increased competition. Differentiation through specialized services, expertise, and building strong client relationships will become increasingly important to succeed in this competitive yet expanding market.

The global personal tax advisor market, valued at $1283.7 million in 2025, is projected to experience steady growth, driven by several key factors. Increasing complexities in tax regulations across various jurisdictions, particularly concerning international taxation, inheritance planning, and capital gains, are fueling demand for specialized professional advice. The rise of entrepreneurship and the growth of high-net-worth individuals further contribute to market expansion. Significant demand is seen across segments, including income tax and capital gains tax planning, inheritance tax and estate planning, and international tax services. While the market is relatively mature, ongoing digital transformation and the adoption of advanced tax software and data analytics are creating new opportunities for growth. The competitive landscape is characterized by a mix of large multinational firms like PwC, EY, Deloitte, and KPMG, alongside mid-sized and regional players, each vying for market share through specialized services and geographic expansion. Growth is expected to be consistent, driven by increasing regulatory complexities and the expanding global wealth landscape. The North American and European markets currently dominate, but considerable opportunities exist in emerging economies like those in Asia-Pacific and the Middle East & Africa. While economic downturns can act as a temporary restraint, the ongoing need for compliant and efficient tax management ensures sustained, albeit perhaps moderated, growth over the forecast period. The continued specialization within the industry, with firms offering niche services in areas like trust taxation or tax investigations, will further segment the market. This creates a dynamic competitive landscape with firms continually adapting their service offerings to meet the evolving needs of diverse client bases.

In a colony of rhesus macaques at California National Primate Research Center (CNPRC), naturally occurring hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) classified by left ventricular hypertrophy without obvious underlying diseases has been identified during necropsy over the last two decades. A preliminary pedigree analysis suggested a strong genetic predisposition of this disease with a founder effect. However, the mode of inheritance was undetermined due to insufficient pedigree data. Since 2015, antemortem examination using echocardiographic examination as well as other cardiovascular analyses have been performed on large numbers of rhesus macaques at the colony. Based on antemortem examination, HCM was diagnosed in additional 65 rhesus macaques. Using HCM cases diagnosed based on antemortem and postmortem examinations, the heritability (h2) was estimated to determine the degree of genetic and environmental contributions to the development of HCM in rhesus macaques at the CNPRC. The calculated mean and median heritability (h2) of HCM in this colony of rhesus macaques were 0.5 and 0.51 (95% confidence interval; 0.14–0.82), respectively. This suggests genetics influence development of HCM in the colony of rhesus macaques. However, post-translational modifications and environmental factors are also likely to contribute the variability of phenotypic expression. Based on the pedigree analysis, an autosomal recessive trait was suspected, but an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance with incomplete penetrance was also possible. Further investigation with more data from siblings, offspring, and parents of HCM-affected rhesus macaques are warranted. Importantly, the findings of the present study support conducting genetic investigations such as whole genome sequencing to identify the causative variants of inherited HCM in rhesus macaques.

This industry comprises legal practitioners that specialise in providing estate, probate, inheritance and trust law services.

Explanation of variance.

Data sets.