This study is part of the American National Election Studies (ANES), a time series collection of national surveys fielded since 1948. The American National Election Studies are designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life. The files included in this study are restricted-use due to the geocodes contained in them for the year listed in the title. Please review the contents of the ZIP file pkg38176-0001_documentation_REST.zip for helpful information about the meanings of variables and changes to geocoding over time. Should you need to merge datasets across the 1992-1997 or 2000-2004 panel, ID bridging files for those panels are also included in the same ZIP file.

This study is part of the American National Election Studies (ANES), a time series collection of national surveys fielded since 1948. The American National Election Studies are designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life. The files included in this study are restricted-use due to the geocodes contained in them for the year listed in the title. Please review the contents of the ZIP file ANES_RDS_Documentation_Geocodes.zip for helpful information about the meanings of variables and changes to geocoding over time. Should you need to merge datasets across the 1992-1997 or 2000-2004 panel, ID bridging files for those panels are also included in the same ZIP file.

These data are being released as a preliminary version to facilitate early access to the study for research purposes. This collection has not been fully processed by ICPSR at this time, and data are released in the format provided by the principal investigators. As the study is processed and given enhanced features by ICPSR in the future, users will be able to download the updated versions of the study. Please report any data errors or problems to user support, and we will work with you to resolve any data-related issues. The American National Election Study (ANES): 2016 Pilot Study sought to test new instrumentation under consideration for potential inclusion in the ANES 2016 Time Series Study, as well as future ANES studies. Much of the content is based on proposals from the ANES user community submitted through the Online Commons page, found on the ANES home page. The survey included questions about preferences in the presidential primary, stereotyping, the economy, discrimination, race and racial consciousness, police use of force, and numerous policy issues, such as immigration law, health insurance, and federal spending. It was conducted on the Internet using the YouGov panel, an international market research firm that administers polls that collect information about politics, public affairs, products, brands, as well as other topics of general interest.

This study is part of the American National Election Studies (ANES), a time series collection of national surveys fielded since 1948. The American National Election Studies are designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life. The files included in this study are restricted-use due to the birthdates data contained in them for the years listed in the title.

This study is part of the American National Election Studies (ANES), a time series collection of national surveys fielded since 1948. The American National Election Studies are designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life. The files included in this study are restricted-use due to the geocodes contained in them for the year listed in the title. Please review the contents of the ZIP file ANES_RDS_Documentation_Geocodes.zip for helpful information about the meanings of variables and changes to geocoding over time. Should you need to merge datasets across the 1992-1997 or 2000-2004 panel, ID bridging files for those panels are also included in the same ZIP file.

This study is part of a time-series collection of national surveys fielded continuously since 1948. The election studies are designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, enduring political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of political groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life. The 2000 National Election Study entailed both a pre-election interview and a post-election re-interview. A freshly drawn cross-section of the electorate was taken to yield 1,807 cases. Because the study includes a carefully designed mode experiment, the data represent two presidential studies in 2000, side by side. The core study preserves the past commitment to probability area sampling and face-to-face interviewing: 1,006 respondents were interviewed prior to the election and 694 were re-interviewed face-to-face after the election. Supporting the core study, random-digit dial sampling and telephone interviewing were used to interview by phone 803 respondents prior to the election and 862 respondents after the election. This experiment allows an examination of the differences between the two modes and provides a preview of what shifting to telephone interviewing will mean for future ANES time-series iterations. The content of the 2000 election study reflects its dual purpose as a traditional presidential election year time-series data collection and as a mode study. Many of the substantive themes included in the 2000 questionnaires are a continuation of past topics. Interest in politics and the election was examined through questions regarding interest in the political campaigns, concern about the outcome, attentiveness to the media's coverage of the campaign, and information about politics. Respondents' knowledge of candidates and the political parties was ascertained through questions evaluating the presidential candidates and their placement on various issue dimensions. Respondents' knowledge of the religious background of the major presidential and vice-presidential candidates, partisanship and evaluations of the political parties, as well as knowledge, and evaluation of the United States House of Representatives and United States Senate candidates was also ascertained. Respondents were asked about their political participation in the November general election and in other forms of electoral campaign activities, their choice for president, their choice for the United States House of Representatives, and the United States Senate, as well as their second choice for president. Respondents were also queried about President Clinton's legacy and their knowledge of former president George Bush Sr. and his administration. Additional items focused on respondents' perceptions of personal and national economic well-being, their positions on social welfare issues (including government health insurance, federal budget priorities, and the role of government in the provision of jobs and a good standard of living), campaign finance and preference for divided government, social issues (including gun control, abortion, women's roles, the rights of homosexuals, the death penalty, school vouchers, environmental policy), racial and ethnic stereotypes, affirmative action, attitudes toward immigrants, and views on the nation's most important problem. Respondents' values and political predispositions (including moral traditionalism, political efficacy, egalitarianism, humanitarianism, individualism, and trust in government), views on fairness in elections, satisfaction with democracy, and the value of voting were also assessed. Other questions addressed social altruism, social connectedness, feeling thermometers on a wide range of political figures and political groups, affinity with various social groups, and detailed demographic information and measures of religious affiliation and religiosity. Several new concepts were also addressed in the 2000 study and include measures of social trust derived from perceptions of the trustworthiness of neighbors and coworkers. Voter turnout was also investigated with expanded response categories to help respondents be more accurate in determining whether they did in fact vote in November 2000. The concept of political knowledge was addressed with new instructions encouraging respondents to take their best guess when

This study is part of a time-series collection of national surveys fielded continuously since 1948, designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, enduring political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life. The 1996 National Election Study contains both a pre- and a post-election component. The pre-election survey includes interviews in which approximately 77 percent of the cases are empaneled respondents who were first interviewed in the ANES 1992 TIME SERIES STUDY (ICPSR 6067) or the ANES 1994 TIME SERIES STUDY (ICPSR 6507), or both. The other 23 percent of the pre-election cases are a freshly drawn cross-section sample. Of the 1,714 citizens interviewed during the pre-election stage, 1,534 (89.5 percent) also participated in the post-election survey: 1,197 of these respondents were panel cases and 337 were cross-section. The content of the 1996 Election Study reflects its dual function, both as a traditional presidential election year time-series data collection and as a panel study. Substantive themes presented in the 1996 questionnaires included interest in political campaigns, evaluations of the political parties, knowledge and evaluation of the presidential and House candidates, political participation (including turnout in the presidential primaries and in the November general election as well as other forms of electoral campaign activity), and vote choices for president, the United States House of Representatives, and the United States Senate. Additional items focus on perceptions of personal and national economic well-being, positions on social welfare issues like the role of government in the provision of jobs and a good standard of living, positions on social issues (including abortion, women's roles, and prayer in the schools), racial and ethnic stereotypes, opinions on affirmative action, attitudes toward immigrants, opinions about the nation's most important problems, political predispositions, social altruism, social networks, feeling thermometers for a wide range of political figures and political groups, affinity with various social groups. The 1996 study also includes new measures related to the dynamics of the congressional campaign, questions regarding the importance of issues, and the respondents' level of certainty regarding their expressed opinions, as well as new items about crime, the environment, gun control and income inequality. An eight-minute module of questions included in the post-election survey was developed by a consortium of electoral scholars from 52 polities to facilitate comparative analysis of political attitudes and voting behavior. Social capital items assess trust in people and government as well as membership and activity in a wide variety of social, political, religious, and civic organizations. A full complement of variables on group membership and participation is also available in the Group Membership File which can be merged with the Main Data File. Detailed demographic information is provided, as well as measures of religious affiliation and religiosity.

BackgroundData on the relationship between take-home video and the time to first ambulation remains scant. Here, we aimed to investigate whether viewed take-home video during pre-hospitalization is independently associated with the time to first ambulation in postoperative patients with inguinal hernia repair under general anesthesia.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed and analyzed the relationship between viewed take-home video and the time to first ambulation between September 2020 and October 2021.The independent t-tests or Mann-Whitney U-tests was used to compare the means of two groups (viewed take-home video and non-viewed take-home video). Chi-square test was used to compare the rates between the two groups. We used a linear regression model to see if there was a difference between exposure and outcome variable. Both models were used to observe the effect size of the exposed variable. Subgroup analysis was employed to assess the impact of various factors.ResultsThis study included a total of 120 patients with inguinal hernia repair under general anesthesia following day surgery. The average age of the participants in the two groups was 43.16 and 44.83 years, respectively, and about 82.5% of the patients were male. Our fully adjusted linear regression results showed that individuals in the viewed video group were associated with a decreased time to first ambulation (h) after adjusting for confounders (β = −0.50, 95%CI: −0.83, −0.17; P = 0.004). In addition, the linear regression analysis of the relationship between viewed video and length of stay showed that β = −2.10 (95%CI:CI: −3.85, −0.34; P = 0.021). Similarly, subgroup analysis yielded similar results for the viewed video group patients compared to those in the non-viewed video group.ConclusionTaken together, our findings demonstrated that viewed video could shorten the time to first ambulation, which in turn reduce the length of stay in postoperative patients under general anesthesia.

Abstract (en): This study is part of a time-series collection of national surveys fielded continuously since 1952. The election studies are designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, enduring political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life. Substantive themes of the 1998 election study include, among others, knowledge and evaluation of the House candidates and placement of the candidates on various issue dimensions, interest in the political campaigns, attentiveness to the media's coverage of the campaign, media use, evaluation of the mass media, vote choice, partisanship, and evaluations of the political parties and the party system. Additional items focused on political participation, political mobilization, evaluations of the president and Congress, the "Lewinsky affair," egalitarianism, moral traditionalism, political trust, political efficacy, ideology, cultural pluralism, and political knowledge. Respondents were also asked about their attitudes toward a wide range of issues, including social policy, race policy, military and foreign policy, immigration, foreign imports, prayer in schools, school vouchers, the environment, the death penalty, women's rights, abortion, and religion and politics, including new measures of explicitly political and religious orientations. Demographic items such as age, sex, nationality, marital status, employment status, occupation, and education were also included. All United States citizens of voting age on or before November 3, 1998, residing in housing units other than on military reservations in the 48 coterminous states. National multistage area probability sample. Funding insitution(s): National Science Foundation (SBR-9707741, SBR-9317631, SES-9209410, SES-9009379,SES-8808361, SES-8341310, SES-8207580, and SOC77-08885). face-to-face interview, telephone interview

This study is part of a time-series collection of national surveys fielded continuously since 1952. The election studies are designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, enduring political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life.

The portable anesthesia ventilator market is experiencing robust growth, driven by several key factors. The increasing number of surgeries performed in ambulatory surgical centers and the rising demand for home healthcare are major contributors to this expansion. Technological advancements, such as smaller, lighter, and more user-friendly devices with enhanced monitoring capabilities, are further fueling market expansion. The growing prevalence of chronic respiratory diseases necessitates the use of portable ventilators for both human and animal applications, boosting market demand. While the precise market size in 2025 is not provided, based on a typical CAGR of 5-7% for medical device markets and considering the significant growth drivers mentioned above, a reasonable estimate would place the global market size around $800 million. Regional variations exist, with North America and Europe currently holding larger market shares due to established healthcare infrastructure and higher per capita healthcare spending. However, Asia-Pacific is expected to witness significant growth in the coming years due to rising disposable incomes, increasing healthcare awareness, and a growing aging population. The market segmentation shows a strong demand for both human and pet anesthesia ventilators, reflecting the broadening applications of this technology. Hospital settings account for the largest segment of users, but clinics and other ambulatory settings are growing rapidly. Key players in this market, including Drager, GE Healthcare, and Medtronic, are continuously investing in research and development to introduce innovative features and enhance their market position. Despite the overall positive outlook, challenges such as high initial investment costs and regulatory hurdles in certain regions might impede market growth to some extent. However, the long-term projections remain optimistic, with a continued expansion anticipated throughout the forecast period (2025-2033), driven by the aforementioned factors and the increasing preference for minimally invasive procedures.

The global medical nitrous oxide market is poised for steady growth, exhibiting a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 5% from 2025 to 2033. While the precise market size in 2025 is not provided, considering typical market sizes for specialized medical gases and the provided CAGR, a reasonable estimate for the 2025 market value would be approximately $1.5 billion. This growth is driven by several factors, including the rising prevalence of surgical procedures requiring anesthesia, the increasing demand for pain management solutions in both hospital and home healthcare settings, and the expanding research activities in universities and institutions focusing on advancements in medical gas delivery systems. The increasing adoption of minimally invasive surgical techniques also contributes to the market's expansion. However, the market faces certain restraints. Stricter regulations surrounding the handling and disposal of nitrous oxide due to its environmental impact, coupled with the potential for abuse and associated safety concerns, are key limiting factors. Furthermore, the emergence of alternative anesthetic agents and pain management techniques presents competition to nitrous oxide. Despite these challenges, the market segmentation reveals significant opportunities. The hospitals segment (labs and clinics) dominates, followed by home healthcare, with universities and research institutions representing a growing sector contributing to innovation and market expansion in the long-term. Geographically, North America and Europe currently hold significant market shares due to established healthcare infrastructure and high adoption rates, but the Asia-Pacific region is expected to witness faster growth fueled by rising disposable incomes and healthcare spending.

Anesthesia, Respiratory and Sleep Apnea Devices Market Outlook

The global anesthesia, respiratory, and sleep apnea devices market size is expected to reach USD 45 billion by 2032, growing at a robust CAGR of 6.5% from its valuation of USD 25 billion in 2023. This substantial growth is driven by increasing incidences of chronic respiratory diseases, rising adoption of home healthcare devices, and technological advancements in medical devices. The demand for these devices is further fueled by the expanding geriatric population worldwide, who are more prone to respiratory disorders and require surgical interventions that necessitate anesthesia. This market is witnessing significant traction as healthcare systems globally strive to enhance patient care and operational efficiency.

One of the primary growth factors for this market is the increasing prevalence of respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and sleep apnea. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), respiratory diseases are among the leading causes of death worldwide, necessitating effective management and treatment solutions. This has led to an increased demand for advanced respiratory devices and sleep apnea equipment that can provide better patient outcomes. Additionally, the rising awareness about the importance of sleep health has led to a surge in the diagnosis of sleep apnea, further propelling the demand for devices that can aid in its management.

Technological advancements are another crucial growth driver in this market. Innovations such as portable and more efficient devices, as well as the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning in device operations, are enhancing the functionality and user-friendliness of these medical products. For instance, smart CPAP machines for sleep apnea are now equipped with features that allow remote monitoring and adjustments, thereby improving patient compliance and treatment efficacy. Moreover, the development of minimally invasive anesthesia devices has reduced the risk of complications during surgeries, thus increasing their adoption across healthcare settings.

The growing trend towards home healthcare is also significantly contributing to the expansion of the anesthesia, respiratory, and sleep apnea devices market. With an increasing number of patients preferring home-based treatment options to avoid hospital stays, the demand for home-use medical devices has surged. This trend is particularly prominent in developed regions where healthcare systems are focusing on cost-reduction strategies. Home care settings offer the dual benefits of convenience for patients and cost savings for healthcare providers, thereby driving the market growth. The COVID-19 pandemic further accelerated this shift, highlighting the need for effective home-based healthcare solutions.

Product Type Analysis

The anesthesia, respiratory, and sleep apnea devices market can be segmented into product types: anesthesia devices, respiratory devices, and sleep apnea devices. Anesthesia devices are crucial for facilitating surgeries and medical procedures by ensuring that patients remain unconscious and pain-free. The market for anesthesia devices is experiencing growth due to the increasing number of surgical procedures performed globally, driven by factors such as the rising prevalence of chronic diseases and advancements in surgical techniques. Additionally, the development of anesthesia devices that offer enhanced patient safety and operational efficiency is contributing to market growth. These devices are becoming more sophisticated, with features such as automated anesthesia delivery and monitoring systems that provide real-time data on patient vitals.

Respiratory devices, on the other hand, are seeing heightened demand due to the increasing prevalence of respiratory disorders and the growing need for effective management of these conditions. Products such as nebulizers, ventilators, and oxygen concentrators are critical in the treatment of respiratory diseases. The COVID-19 pandemic notably spiked the demand for ventilators, highlighting the importance of respiratory devices in managing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and other severe respiratory conditions. While the pandemic's immediate impact has subsided, the long-term need for robust respiratory care mechanisms continues to drive innovation and market growth.

Sleep apnea devices are designed to manage and treat sleep apnea, a disorder characterized by interruptions in breathing during sleep. The increasing awareness about the health risks associated with

The global veterinary anesthesia injection machine market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing pet ownership, rising veterinary care expenditure, and advancements in anesthesia techniques. The market, estimated at $500 million in 2025, is projected to exhibit a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 7% from 2025 to 2033, reaching approximately $850 million by 2033. This growth is fueled by the expanding adoption of minimally invasive surgical procedures requiring precise anesthesia delivery, along with a growing preference for advanced anesthesia techniques that improve patient outcomes and reduce recovery times. The segment encompassing hospitals and clinics currently dominates the market share, reflecting the high concentration of veterinary procedures in these settings. However, the homecare settings segment is demonstrating significant growth potential as at-home veterinary care gains popularity. Technological advancements, such as the development of non-circulating loop ventilators offering improved ease of use and portability, are further contributing to market expansion. Geographic distribution indicates that North America and Europe are currently the leading markets, though regions like Asia Pacific are showing strong growth prospects due to rising veterinary infrastructure and increasing disposable incomes. Competitive dynamics are characterized by a mix of established players and emerging regional companies, leading to increased innovation and product diversification. Despite positive market trends, certain restraints are anticipated to hinder growth. These include high initial investment costs associated with advanced anesthesia equipment, the need for skilled personnel to operate the machines, and regulatory hurdles in certain regions. The market is further segmented by types – non-circulating and circulatory loop ventilators, each catering to different clinical needs and budgetary constraints. Circulatory loop ventilators are expected to experience faster growth given their enhanced capabilities. To maintain competitiveness and capitalize on emerging market opportunities, companies are actively investing in research and development, emphasizing portability, ease of use, and improved safety features. This competitive landscape fosters innovation, leading to better anesthesia delivery and ultimately, improved animal health.

The Anesthesia Respiratory and Sleep Therapy Devices market is experiencing steady growth, projected to reach a market size of $15 billion in 2025, with a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 5% from 2025 to 2033. This growth is driven by several factors, including the rising prevalence of chronic respiratory diseases like asthma and COPD, the increasing geriatric population (requiring more respiratory support), technological advancements leading to more sophisticated and portable devices, and a greater emphasis on home healthcare solutions. The market's expansion is further fueled by rising surgical procedures necessitating anesthesia equipment and the growing awareness of sleep disorders, leading to increased demand for sleep therapy devices like CPAP machines. However, the market faces certain restraints. High costs associated with advanced devices, stringent regulatory approvals, and the potential for reimbursement challenges can limit market penetration, particularly in developing economies. Market segmentation reveals a strong presence of established players such as Aerogen, GE Healthcare, and Hamilton Medical, alongside smaller, specialized companies focusing on niche applications. Future growth will likely be influenced by the successful integration of digital health technologies into respiratory and sleep therapy, personalized medicine approaches, and the ongoing development of non-invasive ventilation techniques. Competition will continue to be intense, with companies focusing on product innovation, strategic partnerships, and geographical expansion to maintain their market share.

The Anesthesia and Ventilators Consumables market, valued at $2196 million in 2025, is projected to experience steady growth, driven by a rising global geriatric population, increasing prevalence of chronic respiratory diseases, and a growing number of surgical procedures. The 4.3% CAGR indicates a consistent demand for consumables across hospital and clinic settings, as well as in the home healthcare sector. Key market segments include breathing circuits, filters, and masks, each contributing significantly to overall market value. Leading players like Medtronic, Philips Healthcare, and ResMed are driving innovation with advanced materials and technologies, focusing on improved patient safety and efficiency. However, the market faces challenges such as stringent regulatory approvals and price sensitivity in certain regions. The increasing adoption of minimally invasive surgical techniques is also influencing demand, requiring specialized consumables that are both safe and effective. Furthermore, the market is segmented geographically, with North America and Europe expected to maintain significant market share due to advanced healthcare infrastructure and higher per capita healthcare spending. Emerging markets in Asia-Pacific are projected to witness faster growth, driven by rising disposable incomes and improved healthcare access. The forecast period of 2025-2033 presents significant opportunities for market expansion, particularly for companies that can effectively navigate regulatory hurdles and offer cost-effective solutions without compromising quality. The continuous improvement in anesthesia and ventilation technologies is boosting the demand for sophisticated consumables. The development of new materials and designs is improving the efficiency, safety, and comfort of these products. This is evident in the growing preference for single-use disposable items, driven by concerns related to infection control and hygiene. Market competition is intense, prompting continuous innovation and the introduction of new product lines. Companies are increasingly collaborating with healthcare providers to develop customized solutions tailored to specific clinical needs. Furthermore, the rising adoption of telehealth and remote patient monitoring systems is influencing the demand for certain consumables, as they can improve the efficacy of home-based respiratory care. The growth of the anesthesia and ventilators consumables market is intrinsically linked to the overall progress in healthcare infrastructure, technological advancements, and expanding access to quality healthcare services globally.

Anesthesia, Respiratory, and Sleep Management Device Market Outlook 2032

The global anesthesia, respiratory, and sleep management device market size was USD 10.9 Billion in 2023 and is likely to reach USD 16.8 Billion by 2032, expanding at a CAGR of 4.5% during 2024–2032. The market is driven by the rising incidences of diseases such as sleep apnea among the global population.



Increasing prevalence of respiratory diseases, sleep disorders, and the need for effective anesthesia management during surgical procedures, is expected to drive the anesthesia, respiratory, and sleep management devices market during the forecast period. These devices, ranging from anesthesia delivery systems and ventilators to sleep apnea devices, play a crucial role in patient care. Their ability to improve patient outcomes by ensuring effective oxygenation, ventilation, and sedation is a key factor propelling their adoption in healthcare settings.

Growing application of these devices in hospitals, ambulatory care centers, and home care settings underscores their versatility. In hospitals, they are used in operating rooms, intensive care units, and emergency departments for managing anesthesia and respiratory conditions. In ambulatory care centers, they facilitate the safe administration of anesthesia during outpatient surgeries. For home care, devices such as continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machines are used for managing sleep apnea, improving the quality of life for patients.



Rising technological advancements in anesthesia, respiratory, and sleep management devices are creating new opportunities. Innovations in device design, such as portability and user-friendliness, are enhancing patient compliance, especially in home care settings. Furthermore, the integration of digital technologies such as telehealth and remote monitoring is enabling real-time patient monitoring and personalized care. These advancements are expected to further fuel the market for anesthesia, respiratory, and sleep management devices, contributing to improved patient care and health outcomes.

Impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Anesthesia, Respiratory, and Sleep Management Device Market

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Documentation and data for replication in the three data sets analyzed in "It's Nothing Personal: The Decline of the Incumbency Advantage in U.S. House Elections." Contains data sets incorporating variables from the ANES Cumulative Data File, the 2012 ANES Time Series Study, and a set of aggregate data compiled by the author. Data are in Stata format and documentation describes the variables and gives the State commands necessary to replicate the data used in the figures in the paper.