In 2019, 797,546 animals were used for research in research facilities in the United States. This is an increase from the previous year, when about 780,070 animals were used for research in the country.

Despite animal testing being a controversial topic for many years, it is still widely used globally to assess the safety of products and test the efficacy of new treatments and products. In 2020, the United States was the world’s largest user of animals in research and testing, with around 20 million animals used research and testing, followed by China where it is estimated that around 16 million animals were used in research and testing in that year. Animal testing is used especially in the medical, cosmetic, and chemical industries.

Animal Testing in the EU

The European Union also reported some 9.4 million animals used research and testing as of 2020. Basic research, and translational and applied research are the two leading purposes of animal testing in the European Union. Mice represent the most commonly used animal in research and testing in the EU, representing almost half of all animals used in research and testing, followed by fish and rats.

Animal Testing in Great Britain

Animal testing in Great Britain was most common in basic scientific research on the nervous system and the immune system, and most procedures on animals for scientific experiments in that year in Great Britain were conducted by universities and medical schools. As in the EU, mice were the most commonly used animals in research and testing, followed by domestic fowl and rats.

Background: The harm benefit analysis (HBA) is the cornerstone of animal research regulation and is considered to be a key ethical safeguard for animals. The HBA involves weighing the anticipated benefits of animal research against its predicted harms to animals but there are doubts about how objective and accountable this process is.

Objectives: i. To explore the harms to animals involved in pre-clinical animal studies and to assess these against the benefits for humans accruing from these studies; ii. To test the feasibility of conducting this type of retrospective HBA.

Methods: Data on harms were systematically extracted from a sample of pre-clinical animal studies whose clinical relevance had already been investigated by comparing systematic reviews of the animal studies with systematic reviews of human studies for the same interventions (antifibrinolytics for haemorrhage, bisphosphonates for osteoporosis, corticosteroids for brain injury, Tirilazad for stroke, antenatal corticos...

This statistic displays the total number of animals used in scientific research in the European Union from 2015 to 2022, including only animals used for the first time each year. In 2022, some 8.4 million animals were used in scientific research in all EU member states and Norway, an increase of over 400 thousand compared to the previous year.

USDA 2016 Data on Animal Testing in the United States

Broken down by State / Territory

Required Reporting by Testing Facilities in the US

Each USDA-registered research facility and Federal research facility is required by the Animal Welfare Act (AWA) to submit an Annual Report (APHIS Form 7023) that documents its use of animals for research, testing, teaching, experimentation, and/or surgery. USDA-APHIS Animal Care receives copy of each research facility’s annual report on or before December 1. Animal Care reviews the data to ensure the calculated totals are consistent with the number of reported animals in each pain/distress category. Reports with inconsistent data are returned to the research facility for correction. The completeness and accuracy of the non-Federal research facility annual reports might be validated during USDA animal welfare compliance inspections. However, research facilities sometimes include additional data on their annual reports that is not required under the Animal Welfare Act, such as data about rats of the genus rattus, mice of the genus mus, and birds bred for use in research, animals used in excluded field studies, animals used in clinical trials in the context of a veterinary client relationship, and reptiles, fish, or other animals that are not covered by the AWA.

Summary

The data in the summary reports represent the number of animals USDA-registered research facilities and Federal research facilities reported as being used or held for research, testing, teaching, experimentation, and/or surgery. The summary reports are based on the Annual Report column designations:

• Column B (animals held by a facility but not used in any research that year).

• Column C (animals used in research; no pain involved; no pain drugs administered).

• Column D (animals used in research; pain involved; pain drugs administered).

• Column E (animals used in research; pain involved; no pain drugs administered).

• ALL_PAINTYPES_2016 = (total number of animals used in research; Column C + Column D + Column E).

States include 50 states plus Puerto Rico (PR) and District of Columbia (DC).

Acknowledgements

USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service More years found here: https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/ourfocus/animalwelfare/sa_obtain_research_facility_annual_report/ct_research_facility_annual_summary_reports

Inspiration

The Beagle Freedom Project (Photo taken from there website)

The Humane Society

Peta

Bruna, Chewy, Cat Stevens, Remy, Owen, Neumann and Timmy (dogs and one cat).

This statistic displays the number of animals used in scientific research in Ireland in 2023. Mice were the most commonly used animal, accounting for nearly 87 thousand uses, followed by rats at more than eight thousand.

Abstract Integrity in animal research, coupled with scientific and social responsibility, demands rigor in the construction and execution of the protocol, commitment to the promotion of animal welfare and the dissemination of suitable data. Protocols for submitting projects to the Ethics Committee on Animal Use, editorial policies and dissemination of the methodology as tools to promote research integrity were analysed based on the questioning of the vulnerability of researchers not trained to fulfill this demand. The results supported the insertion of planning and dissemination of research as a parameter of integrity and adherence to the principle of 3R (Replacement, Reduction and Refinement) as a guide to the decision of how much and how and why to use animals in research. We verified the efficiency of the administrative and legal instrument as a promoter of reflection on technical, ethical, social and legal conception and society. These should be subsidized by the educational role of Bioethics, carried out by committees to mitigate vulnerabilities of the researcher.

In this study we invited public responses to five different research projects, using non-technical summaries intended for lay audiences. Our aim was to assess the potential for this type of public consultation in protocol review, and a secondary aim was to better understand what types of animal research people are willing to accept and why. US participants (n = 1521) were asked (via an online survey) “Do you support the use of these (insert species) for this research”, and responded using a seven-point scale (1 = “No”, 4 = “Neutral”, and 7 = “Yes”). Participants were asked to explain the reasons for their choice; open-ended text responses were subjected to thematic analysis. Most participants (89.7%) provided clear comments, showing the potential of an online forum to elicit feedback. Four themes were prevalent in participant reasoning regarding their support for the proposed research: 1) impact on animals, 2) impact on humans, 3) scientific merit, and 4) availability of alternatives. Participant support for the proposed research varied but on average was close to neutral (mean ± SD: 4.5 ± 2.19) suggesting some ambivalence to this animal use. The protocol describing Parkinson’s research (on monkeys) was least supported (3.9 ± 2.17) and the transplant research (on pigs) was most supported (4.9 ± 2.02). These results indicate that public participants are sensitive to specifics of a protocol. We conclude that an online forum can provide meaningful public input on proposed animal research, offering research institutions the opportunity for improved transparency and the chance to reduce the risk that they engage in studies that are out of step with community values.

This database compiles systematic reviews (SRs) of animal studies (i.e., reviews that focused exclusively on non-human animal research, or reviews that included animal studies along with human studies). This database was developed using a rigorous, systematic approach and it covers a broad range of research fields: preclinical research, toxicology, environmental health, and veterinary medicine. The goals of this database are to: (1) provide a comprehensive collection of animal study SRs to advance systematic review methods development; (2) enable researchers to avoid duplication of effort and, thus, reduce research waste by identifying published SRs of animal studies that may already address a research question; and (3) aid in the creation of evidence maps, usually designed as interactive figures of study characteristics.

The SRs included in the database were identified using a comprehensive search strategy (see data) in MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase (via Ovid), and Web of Science. The records included in the animal studies SR database meet the following eligibility criteria: 1. The reference aims to systematically review the literature. The title or abstract states this aim using terminology such as “literature review,” “literature overview,” “systematic review,” “systematic survey,” or “meta-analysis.” 2. The reference summarizes the results of studies in laboratory or experimental animals to investigate human or animal health. 3. The reference reports the eligibility criteria for the primary studies, specifies search terms, and the search is performed in at least one specified database/electronic source (e.g., PubMed). 4. A full text version of the reference is publicly available.

There were no restrictions in language or publication date.

Version 1.0 covers data through 13 February 2018 Version 1.1 covers data through 18 June 2019

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner. The Public Attitudes to Animal Research Survey, 2016 was conducted between 4th March and 4th April 2016 with a representative sample of the adult population (aged 15+) of Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales). It was commissioned by the Office for Life Sciences, a joint body that is part of the UK Government's Department of Health and Department for Business, Innovation and Skills. The aim of the survey was to understand changing public awareness of, and attitudes towards, the use of animals in research in the UK. It covers topic areas including public awareness of animal research, public knowledge of what is permitted in the UK, views on regulation of the sector as well as public interest in finding out more about the use of animals in research. This is the second wave of a tracker survey that initially ran in 2014, which was also conducted by Ipsos MORI. Both waves were conducted using Ipsos MORI's face-to-face 'Capibus' survey vehicle. The 2014 survey was based on a long-term trend survey covering the same topic, which ran from 1999 until 2014 (the earlier surveys are not currently held by the UK Data Service). For further information, see the Ipsos MORI Attitudes to Animal Research in 2016 webpage.

In the European Union (EU), animal welfare is seen as a matter of great importance. However, with respect to animal experimentation, European citizens feel quite uninformed. The European Directive 2010/63/EU for the protection of laboratory animals aims for greater transparency and requires that a comprehensible, nontechnical summary (NTS) of each authorised research project involving animals is published by the respective Member State. However, the NTSs remain sleeping beauties if their contents are not easily and systematically accessible. The German web-based NTS database AnimalTestInfo is a unique channel for scientists to communicate their work, and provides the opportunity for large-scale analyses of planned animal studies to inform researchers and the public. For an in-depth meta-analysis, we classified the duly completed NTSs submitted to AnimalTestInfo in 2014 and 2015 according to the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) system. Indexing the NTSs with ICD codes provided a fine-grained overview of the prospective uses of experimental animals. Using this approach, transparency, especially for highly controversial animal research involving, for example, nonhuman primates, is fostered, as it enables pinpointing the envisaged beneficiary down to the level of the addressed disease. Moreover, research areas with many planned projects involving animals can be specified in detail. The development of 3R (replacement, reduction, and refinement) measures in these research areas may be most efficient, as a large number of experimental animals would benefit from it. Indexing NTSs with ICD codes can support governments and funding agencies in advancing target-oriented funding of 3R research. Data drawn from NTSs can provide a basis for the development, validation, and implementation of directed 3R strategies as well as guidance for rethinking the role of animal research models.

This statistic displays the share of purposes for scientific research on animals in the 27 European Union countries (including Norway) in 2019. The main purpose for testing on animals was for basic research, with some 45 percent.

Animal Research Activity Wheel Market Outlook

The global market size for Animal Research Activity Wheels was valued at approximately USD 150 million in 2023, and it is projected to reach USD 250 million by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 5.5% from 2024 to 2032. This growth is driven by the increasing adoption of animal research activity wheels in various segments of biomedical research for studying behavior, exercise, and metabolic functions in animals, particularly rodents.

A significant growth factor for the Animal Research Activity Wheel market is the rising need for innovative methods to study animal behavior and physiology in controlled environments. These wheels are widely used in preclinical trials to understand the effects of various drugs and treatments on the metabolic and behavioral aspects of animals. Consequently, the demand for these wheels has surged, especially in pharmaceutical companies and academic research institutions focused on drug discovery and development.

Moreover, advancements in technology have led to the development of customizable and high-precision activity wheels that provide more accurate data and are easier to integrate with other research tools. These innovations are making it possible to conduct more comprehensive and precise studies, thereby encouraging more institutions and organizations to invest in such equipment. The ability to customize these wheels to suit specific research needs is another important growth driver, enabling researchers to obtain data that is closely aligned with their experimental requirements.

Additionally, increasing government funding and support for animal research is bolstering the market. Governments around the world are recognizing the importance of preclinical trials in the drug development process and are allocating substantial funds to research institutions and organizations for this purpose. This funding is enabling the procurement of advanced research tools, including activity wheels, to facilitate more in-depth and reliable experimental outcomes.

On the regional front, North America currently holds the largest market share due to the presence of numerous pharmaceutical companies and research institutions that heavily invest in advanced research tools. However, the market in the Asia Pacific region is expected to grow at the highest CAGR during the forecast period. This is attributed to the increasing number of contract research organizations (CROs) and growing governmental support for research activities in countries like China and India.

Product Type Analysis

The Animal Research Activity Wheel market can be segmented based on product type into standard activity wheels and customizable activity wheels. Standard activity wheels are widely used due to their ease of use and cost-effectiveness. These wheels are typically employed in routine studies where basic data on animal activity levels is sufficient. Standard wheels are designed to be durable and reliable, providing consistent performance over extended periods, making them a staple in many research settings.

On the other hand, customizable activity wheels are gaining popularity due to their ability to cater to specific research needs. These wheels can be tailored in terms of size, material, and additional features like data logging and integration with other research equipment. Customizable wheels are particularly useful in studies that require precise measurements and detailed data analysis. Their flexibility and adaptability make them a preferred choice for complex research projects where standard wheels might not suffice.

Moreover, the trend towards personalized research tools is driving the demand for customizable activity wheels. Researchers are increasingly looking for equipment that can be tailored to their unique experimental setups, offering them the ability to control various parameters and obtain more accurate and reliable data. This segment is expected to witness significant growth in the coming years as more research institutions and pharmaceutical companies invest in advanced and adaptable research tools.

Furthermore, the development of new materials and technologies is enhancing the performance and functionality of both standard and customizable activity wheels. Innovations in sensor technology, for example, are enabling more precise data collection and analysis, making these wheels indispensable tools in modern animal research. As a result, both segments are likely to experience robust growth during the forecast period.

This is a data schema created using Agri-food Data Canada's Semantic Engine . Data schemas describe data that are collected on an ongoing basis from research centres, and provide add-on documentation that enhances the value of raw data. This schema is applicable to all datasets that collect data from records of research events entered on DairyComp Herd Management Software. This schema is designed to create a framework for recording dairy cattle research event data by establishing a uniform format and structure for recording research events across various datasets and allowing integration of data from multiple sources. Data described in this schema is sample data, to request access to the related data, please visit the Ontario Dairy Research Centre Data Portal.

Background: The harm benefit analysis (HBA) is the cornerstone of animal research regulation and is considered to be a key ethical safeguard for animals. The HBA involves weighing the anticipated benefits of animal research against its predicted harms to animals but there are doubts about how objective and accountable this process is.

Objectives: i. To explore the harms to animals involved in pre-clinical animal studies and to assess these against the benefits for humans accruing from these studies; ii. To test the feasibility of conducting this type of retrospective HBA.

Methods: Data on harms were systematically extracted from a sample of pre-clinical animal studies whose clinical relevance had already been investigated by comparing systematic reviews of the animal studies with systematic reviews of human studies for the same interventions (antifibrinolytics for haemorrhage, bisphosphonates for osteoporosis, corticosteroids for brain injury, Tirilazad for stroke, antenatal cort...

Lapse in continuing reviews according to types of institutional animal care and use committee used.

Snapshot img

Preclinical Animal Telemetry Market 2024-2028

The global preclinical animal telemetry market size is estimated to grow by USD 21.55 million at a CAGR of 5.69% between 2023 and 2028.

As a part of organic growth strategies, companies are increasingly focusing on new feature integration, as well as product development and launches. The launch of new products is allowing companies to remain competitive in the market by offering the latest available technologies to their customers. Additionally, companies can efficiently meet the specific demands of end-users by bringing innovative changes in their product lineup as per customers' expectations. Some of the recent product launches have been discussed below: Since 2021, the US Animal Telemetry Network (ATN) has been attempting to integrate ocean profiles obtained from animal-borne satellite telemetry tags, including the Wildlife Computers SCOUT-CTD, into the World Meteorological Organizations Global Telecommunication System. Such constant improvements and upgrades in features have brought significant differentiation in products and have helped companies lower the competition and increase product penetration. Therefore, an increase in product launches of preclinical animal telemetry is driving the market growth during the forecast period.

Technavio has segmented the market into End-user, Type, and Geography

The end-user segment is classified into industrial laboratories and CROs, academic government, and other research laboratories
The type segment is classified into small animal telemetry and large animal telemetry
The geography segment includes key regions such as North America, Europe, Asia, and Rest of World (ROW)

It also includes an in-depth analysis of drivers, trends, and challenges. Our report examines historical data from 2018-2022, besides analyzing the current market scenario.

What will be the Size of the Preclinical Animal Telemetry Market During the Forecast Period?

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Preclinical Animal Telemetry Market Segmentation by End-user, Type and Geography Analysis

End-user Analysis

Industrial laboratories and CROs

The market share growth by the industrial laboratories and CROs segment will be significant during the forecast period. Industrial laboratories (including pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies) and CROs are among the key organizations involved in drug discovery, research, design, and development. These organizations spend a considerable number of resources and time in preclinical and clinical research for advancing new therapeutic candidates.

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The Industrial laboratories and CROs were the largest segment and were valued at USD 32.41 million in 2018. Further, the increase in patent expiries of blockbuster drugs and biologicals has led to an increased focus on R&D activities. As a result, pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies are increasingly promoting the outsourcing of clinical research to CROs. This led to the outsourcing of R&D activities for developing new formulations. To reduce the risk of adverse events during clinical trials of these new formulations, the demand for preclinical animal testing, including toxicology testing and cosmetic testing, has increased. Animal telemetry solutions are finding extensive use for collecting and analyzing a large amount of preclinical safety and efficacy data. This preclinical safety and efficacy data is required to be submitted to drug regulatory authorities before permission for further studies in humans is granted. As a result, significant demand for preclinical animal research and testing can be observed across industrial laboratories and CROs globally, which is driving the adoption of animal telemetry systems, which, in turn, will drive the growth of the market during the forecast period.

Type Analysis

Small animal telemetry

The small animal telemetry segment includes animal telemetry solutions that are used in preclinical research with small animals such as mice, rabbits, ferrets, rats, hamsters, and Guinea pigs. Small animal telemetry solutions are usually miniaturized telemetry implants that are small in size and lightweight and can be custom-configured and modified as per the research and testing requirements. Furthermore, the availability of cost-effective, minimally invasive, wireless battery charging-based, flexible telemetry systems is adding to the growing sales of small animal telemetry systems. The market is expected to witness swift growth owing to stringencies in regulations for maintaining pharmacological safety and the growing availability of funding for research related to neuroscience, cardiology, and oncology.

Regional Analysis

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North America is estimated to contribute 44% to the growt