In 2019, 797,546 animals were used for research in research facilities in the United States. This is an increase from the previous year, when about 780,070 animals were used for research in the country.

Despite animal testing being a controversial topic for many years, it is still widely used globally to assess the safety of products and test the efficacy of new treatments and products. In 2020, the United States was the world’s largest user of animals in research and testing, with around 20 million animals used research and testing, followed by China where it is estimated that around 16 million animals were used in research and testing in that year. Animal testing is used especially in the medical, cosmetic, and chemical industries.

Animal Testing in the EU

The European Union also reported some 9.4 million animals used research and testing as of 2020. Basic research, and translational and applied research are the two leading purposes of animal testing in the European Union. Mice represent the most commonly used animal in research and testing in the EU, representing almost half of all animals used in research and testing, followed by fish and rats.

Animal Testing in Great Britain

Animal testing in Great Britain was most common in basic scientific research on the nervous system and the immune system, and most procedures on animals for scientific experiments in that year in Great Britain were conducted by universities and medical schools. As in the EU, mice were the most commonly used animals in research and testing, followed by domestic fowl and rats.

Global Animals Used in Research and Testing market size 2025 was XX Million. Animals Used in Research and Testing Industry compound annual growth rate (CAGR) will be XX% from 2025 till 2033.

Colour vision mediates ecologically relevant tasks for many animals, such as mate choice, foraging and predator avoidance. However, our understanding of animal colour perception is largely derived from human psychophysics, even though animal visual systems differ from our own. Behavioural tests of non-human animals are required to understand how colour signals are perceived by them. Here we introduce a novel test of colour vision in animals inspired by the Ishihara colour charts, which are widely used to identify human colour deficiencies. These charts consist of dots that vary in colour, brightness and size, and are designed so that a numeral or letter is distinguishable from distractor dots for humans with normal colour vision. In our method, distractor dots have a fixed chromaticity (hue and saturation) but vary in luminance. Animals can be trained to find single target dots that differ from distractor dots in chromaticity. We provide Matlab code for creating these stimuli, which can...

Animal Necropsy Tables Market Outlook

The global market size for animal necropsy tables is projected to grow from USD 150 million in 2023 to USD 250 million by 2032, at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6%. This substantial growth is primarily driven by the increasing demand for veterinary services, advancements in animal healthcare, and the rising number of research and academic institutions focusing on veterinary sciences. The necessity to perform detailed post-mortem examinations for diagnostic, educational, and research purposes is a significant factor contributing to this market's expansion.

One of the major growth factors for the animal necropsy tables market is the rising prevalence of zoonotic diseases, which necessitates detailed post-mortem examinations to understand disease pathology. With the increasing frequency of zoonotic diseases, there is a growing need for reliable and efficient necropsy tables that facilitate thorough examination and analysis. Additionally, the expanding pet ownership across the globe has led to higher veterinary care expenditure, further fueling the demand for animal necropsy tables in veterinary clinics and hospitals.

Technological advancements in veterinary equipment and the growing focus on animal welfare and ethical treatment are also significant drivers for the market. Modern animal necropsy tables are equipped with advanced features such as adjustable height, integrated drainage systems, and ergonomic design, which enhance the efficiency and safety of necropsy procedures. These advancements are attracting more veterinary clinics and research institutions to invest in high-quality necropsy tables, thus driving market growth.

Additionally, the increasing number of veterinary research studies and educational programs is generating a heightened demand for necropsy tables in academic institutions and research laboratories. These institutions require sophisticated and durable tables to conduct thorough investigations and impart practical knowledge to veterinary students. Government funding and grants for veterinary research further support the adoption of advanced necropsy tables, contributing to the market's overall growth.

In addition to necropsy tables, Veterinary Tables play a crucial role in various veterinary settings. These tables are essential for conducting a wide range of procedures, from routine examinations to complex surgeries. The design and functionality of veterinary tables have evolved significantly, with features like adjustable heights and integrated restraints to ensure the safety and comfort of both the animal and the veterinarian. As the demand for veterinary services continues to rise, the market for veterinary tables is also expected to grow, driven by the need for efficient and ergonomic solutions in veterinary clinics and hospitals.

Regionally, North America is anticipated to dominate the market during the forecast period due to the presence of a large number of veterinary clinics, advanced healthcare infrastructure, and high awareness about animal health. Europe is also expected to witness significant growth, driven by substantial investments in veterinary research and education. The Asia Pacific region is projected to exhibit the highest CAGR, thanks to increasing pet ownership, burgeoning veterinary services, and expanding animal healthcare facilities.

Product Type Analysis

The animal necropsy tables market is segmented based on product type into fixed necropsy tables, adjustable necropsy tables, and mobile necropsy tables. Fixed necropsy tables are the most traditional type and are generally used in settings where space is not a constraint. These tables are sturdy and provide a stable platform for conducting post-mortem examinations, making them a preferred choice in many veterinary clinics and research laboratories. However, their lack of flexibility in terms of height adjustment and mobility can be a limitation in certain scenarios.

Adjustable necropsy tables, on the other hand, offer greater versatility and convenience. These tables come with height-adjustable features that allow for ergonomic positioning, reducing strain on the examiner and improving overall efficiency. The ability to adjust the table height also makes it suitable for use with different animal sizes, enhancing its utility in diverse veterinary settings. This adaptability makes adjustable necropsy tables increasingly popular among veterinary professi

This statistic shows how likely consumers in the United States would be to stop purchasing from their favorite cosmetics/makeup brand if it were reported that they test their products on animals, as of April 2017, by age. During the survey, ** percent of respondents aged 35 to 54 years reported that they would very likely stop purchasing from their favorite brand if they tested on animals.

This line chart displays polarity sentiment score by publication date using the aggregation average. The data is filtered where the keywords includes Animal rights-Moral and ethical aspects.

The global market for animal necropsy tables is experiencing steady growth, driven by increasing demand for advanced veterinary diagnostic tools and a rising awareness of animal health and welfare. The market size in 2025 is estimated at $50 million, demonstrating a significant presence within the broader veterinary equipment market. A Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 5% is projected for the forecast period of 2025-2033, indicating consistent expansion. This growth is fueled by several key factors, including the increasing prevalence of zoonotic diseases, necessitating more sophisticated diagnostic procedures. Furthermore, advancements in veterinary research and the growing sophistication of veterinary practices are contributing to higher adoption rates. The rising number of companion animals and the expanding livestock industry globally are also bolstering market demand. Several market segments contribute to this growth, including different table types (stainless steel, composite, etc.), size variations to accommodate diverse animal species, and integrated features such as drainage systems and lighting. The competitive landscape includes both established players like AFOS, ALVO Medical, and Kugel Medical, alongside smaller, specialized manufacturers. While challenges exist such as the relatively high cost of specialized necropsy tables and potential regional variations in market penetration, the overall outlook remains positive, projecting substantial market expansion over the next decade. The continued emphasis on animal health and disease prevention, coupled with technological innovations in necropsy table design and functionality, will continue to drive market growth in the coming years.

The initial worksheet comprises raw data for Figure 1, in addition to a sample calculation of the calcium response for a cholinergically stimulated rat sweat gland. The second worksheet contains raw data from freshly isolated and cryopreserved human sweat glands during the cholinergic stimulation shown in Figure 2. The third worksheet contains raw data for multiple sequential cholinergic stimulation of rat and human sweat glands with and without atropine inhibition, as shown in Figure 3. (XLSX)

Social network analysis is a suite of approaches for exploring relational data. Two approaches commonly used to analyse animal social network data are permutation-based tests of significance and exponential random graph models. However, the performance of these approaches when analysing different types of network data has not been simultaneously evaluated. Here we test both approaches to determine their performance when analysing a range of biologically realistic simulated animal social networks. We examined the false positive and false negative error rate of an effect of a two-level explanatory variable (e.g. sex) on the number and combined strength of an individual’s network connections. We measured error rates for two types of simulated data collection methods in a range of network structures, and with/without a confounding effect and missing observations. Both methods performed consistently well in networks of dyadic interactions, and worse on networks constructed using observations...

The animal autopsy table market is estimated to be valued at XXX million in 2025, and is projected to reach XXX million by 2033, exhibiting a CAGR of XX% during the forecast period. The market growth is attributed to increasing demand for animal autopsies in veterinary clinics and research laboratories, along with growing awareness about animal health and welfare. Moreover, rising government funding for animal research and development is further contributing to the market expansion. The market is segmented based on application and type. Veterinary clinics and research laboratories are the primary end-users of animal autopsy tables. In terms of type, the market is divided into hydraulic, electric, and manual autopsy tables. Electric autopsy tables are gaining popularity due to their ease of use and precision. Regionally, North America and Europe dominate the market, accounting for a significant share of the revenue. However, Asia Pacific is expected to witness the highest growth rate during the forecast period, owing to increasing investments in animal research and healthcare infrastructure in the region. Key players in the market include AFOS, Funeralia, Jiangsu Saikang Medical Equipment, LEEC, MEDIS Medical Technology, Mopec Europe, Mortech Manufacturing, PMT Scientific, and Span Surgical, among others.

Network of 46 papers and 65 citation links related to "Animal Models for Phototoxicity Testing".

Veterinary practices have benefited in recent years as more pet owners and agricultural producers seek out vets regularly to care for their animals. At the same time, medical advances have been emerging in veterinary care, extending care beyond preventive measures into specialized areas like immunotherapy and musculoskeletal conditions. Pet owners' evolving attitudes have also been driving pet spending in recent years, as more owners are willing to spend a premium on food, medicine or treatments that improve or extend their pets. Growing adoption of pet insurance, specifically for dogs, has also underpinned growth, as more owners can afford high-margin medical treatments. This willingness, combined with a record-high pet ownership rate, has strengthened the industry's in supporting pet owners. These trends have led industry-wide revenue to climb at a CAGR of 1.9% over the past five years – totaling an estimated $69.4 billion in 2025 – when revenue will rise an expected 2.4%. Pet ownership trends are among the most influential drivers for veterinary care in the US. According to the American Medical Veterinary Association, nearly 70% of US households had at least one dog or cat in 2024. Between 2016 and 2024, the dog population grew by over 12 million, while the cat population added nearly 16 million new cats. Higher pet ownership translates into a larger client base for vets, supporting revenue growth. Higher prices for vet visits have also contributed to the industry – data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics shows that the price for vet care rose faster than inflation between 2020 and 2024 and has jumped nearly 60% in cost between 2014 and 2024. Several factors contribute to price hikes, but higher costs are beginning to slow growth as pet owners defer the time between appointments, avoid elective visits or forgo ownership. Trends in pet ownership won't continue moving forward, creating a steady demand for comprehensive veterinary care. Still, the industry will face challenges addressing current headwinds, like labor shortages and rising operating costs. These challenges will likely maintain consolidation activity in the industry, creating a larger divide between corporate-owned or private equity-backed clinics and small, independent ones. Larger veterinary groups will also be able to offer more competitive wages to new graduates and access innovative tech advances, shifting competitive dynamics in the industry. In all, Veterinary Services' revenue is expected to expand at a CAGR of 1.7% to $75.6 billion over the next five years.

Market Research Intellect presents the Animal Necropsy Tables Market Report-estimated at USD 150 million in 2024 and predicted to grow to USD 250 million by 2033, with a CAGR of 7. 5% over the forecast period. Gain clarity on regional performance, future innovations, and major players worldwide.

The global market for e-animal diagnosis and treatment tables is experiencing robust growth, driven by several key factors. The increasing prevalence of animal diseases and the rising demand for advanced veterinary care are major contributors to this expansion. Veterinary clinics and hospitals are increasingly adopting technologically advanced equipment to improve diagnostic accuracy and treatment efficacy, leading to a higher adoption rate of these specialized tables. Furthermore, the ongoing technological advancements in table design, incorporating features like integrated imaging capabilities and ergonomic improvements for both veterinarians and animals, are further fueling market growth. The market segmentation reveals a strong preference for tables with pulleys, reflecting the need for ease of use and patient handling in veterinary settings. Hospitals and specialty clinics constitute the largest application segments, indicative of the critical role these tables play in providing comprehensive animal care. The competitive landscape is characterized by a mix of established players and emerging companies, leading to innovation and diversification of product offerings. Geographic analysis reveals significant growth potential in developing economies in Asia-Pacific and regions in the Middle East & Africa, driven by increasing veterinary infrastructure development and rising pet ownership. The market is projected to maintain a steady Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR), although precise figures would require additional market research data. The market is expected to consolidate slightly over the forecast period, with larger, more established players gaining market share due to their resources and established distribution networks. Despite the positive growth trajectory, several challenges may temper the market's expansion. High initial investment costs associated with purchasing and maintaining these advanced tables could pose a barrier for smaller veterinary practices, particularly in regions with limited financial resources. Moreover, regulatory hurdles and stringent safety standards related to medical equipment could affect market penetration. The need for skilled personnel to operate and maintain these sophisticated systems also presents a challenge. However, ongoing technological advancements, such as the integration of AI-driven diagnostic tools, are expected to drive efficiency, minimize costs in the long run, and ultimately boost the adoption of these tables within the veterinary industry. The market is projected to show moderate resilience against economic downturns as veterinary care is generally considered an essential service. Future market success hinges on manufacturers' ability to innovate, produce cost-effective solutions, and address the training needs of veterinary professionals.