Scientific Data

Tide model for the Big Island of Hawaii. The model is based on climatological stratification, but 64 harmonics are used to model the full-depth baroclinic tides. The model has been run at 1km resolution, hourly, through the end of 2025. Due to computing limitations, the model grid is divided into two pieces, one for the Northwestern main Hawaiian Islands (Kauai, Oahu, Maui) and the other for the Big Island. While considerable effort has been made to implement all model components in a thorough, correct, and accurate manner, numerous sources of error are possible. As such, please use this output with the caution appropriate for any ocean related activity. acknowledgement=The Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS) is funded through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) as a Regional Association within the U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS). PacIOOS is coordinated by the University of Hawaii School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST). cdm_data_type=Grid comment=Model runs produced by Jim Potemra (jimp@hawaii.edu). contributor_email=jimp@hawaii.edu contributor_institution=University of Hawaii at Manoa contributor_name=James T. Potemra contributor_role=custodian contributor_type=person contributor_url=https://iprc.soest.hawaii.edu/people/potemra.php Conventions=CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3 date_metadata_modified=2024-12-19 drawLandMask=off Easternmost_Easting=-154.01 geospatial_bounds=POLYGON ((18.13 -156.73, 20.33 -156.73, 20.33 -154.01, 18.13 -154.01, 18.13 -156.73)) geospatial_bounds_crs=EPSG:4326 geospatial_lat_max=20.33 geospatial_lat_min=18.13 geospatial_lat_resolution=0.009999999999999997 geospatial_lat_units=degrees_north geospatial_lon_max=-154.01 geospatial_lon_min=-156.73 geospatial_lon_resolution=0.009999999999999995 geospatial_lon_units=degrees_east history=2010-11-10T00:00:00Z New PacIOOS dataset. 2011-06-06T00:00:00Z Sea water velocity variables combined using a new depth dimension. 2016-07-21T00:00:00Z Limited archive to 2016. 2016-12-29T00:00:00Z Limited archive to 2017. 2017-12-28T00:00:00Z Limited archive to 2018. 2018-12-28T00:00:00Z Limited archive to 2019. 2019-12-10T00:00:00Z Limited archive to 2020. 2020-12-22T00:00:00Z Limited archive to 2021. 2021-12-20T21:41:00Z Limited archive to 2022. 2022-12-14T23:29:00Z Limited archive to 2023. 2023-12-07T20:46:00Z Limited archive to 2024. 2024-12-19T21:17:00Z Limited archive to 2025. id=tide_bi infoUrl=http://apdrc.soest.hawaii.edu/doc/carteretal_revised_pp.pdf institution=Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS) instrument=Not Applicable > Not Applicable instrument_vocabulary=GCMD Instrument Keywords ISO_Topic_Categories=oceans keywords_vocabulary=GCMD Science Keywords locations=Continent > North America > United States Of America > Hawaii, Ocean > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Big Island, Ocean > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Hawaii Island locations_vocabulary=GCMD Location Keywords metadata_link=https://www.pacioos.hawaii.edu/metadata/tide_bi.html naming_authority=org.pacioos Northernmost_Northing=20.33 platform=Models/Analyses > > Operational Models platform_vocabulary=GCMD Platform Keywords program=Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS) project=Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS) references=http://apdrc.soest.hawaii.edu/doc/carteretal_revised_pp.pdf source=Hawaiian Islands tide model sourceUrl=https://pae-paha.pacioos.hawaii.edu/thredds/dodsC/tide_bi Southernmost_Northing=18.13 standard_name_vocabulary=CF Standard Name Table v39 time_coverage_end=2025-12-31T23:00:00Z time_coverage_resolution=PT1H time_coverage_start=2024-12-01T00:00:00Z Westernmost_Easting=-156.73

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The SCUD data product is an estimate of upper-ocean velocities computed from a diagnostic model (Surface CUrrents from a Diagnostic model). This model makes daily estimates of ocean currents by combining geostrophic and Ekman currents. The estimate is computed through derived coefficients such that the results best match ocean drifting buoys. The currents therefore are a best-estimate of currents at 15 meters (drifting buoys are drogued at 15 meters). The dataset is intended to diagnose trajectories of a tracer floating near the surface such as marine debris, oil spills, etc. The data are provided on a 1/4-degree grid for the Pacific. acknowledgement=The Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS) is funded through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) as a Regional Association within the U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS). PacIOOS is coordinated by the University of Hawaii School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST). cdm_data_type=Grid comment=Model runs produced by Nikolai Maximenko (maximenk@hawaii.edu). Conventions=CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3 CreatedBy=IPRC/SOEST U. of Hawaii CreatedOn=2025-06-29 03:03:32 HST date_metadata_modified=2021-03-30 defaultGraphQuery=.draw=vectors Easternmost_Easting=291.875 File_type=gridded lat/lon geospatial_bounds=POLYGON ((-70.125 119.875, 61.875 119.875, 61.875 180.0, -70.125 180.0, -70.125 119.875), (-70.125 -180.0, 61.875 -180.0, 61.875 -68.125, -70.125 -68.125, -70.125 -180.0)) geospatial_bounds_crs=EPSG:4326 geospatial_lat_max=61.875 geospatial_lat_min=-70.125 geospatial_lat_resolution=0.25 geospatial_lat_units=degrees_north geospatial_lon_max=291.875 geospatial_lon_min=119.875 geospatial_lon_resolution=0.25 geospatial_lon_units=degrees_east history=2012-03-17T00:00:00Z PacIOOS distribution begins. id=scud_pac infoUrl=http://apdrc.soest.hawaii.edu/projects/SCUD/ institution=Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS) instrument=Not Applicable > Not Applicable instrument_vocabulary=GCMD Instrument Keywords ISO_Topic_Categories=oceans keywords_vocabulary=GCMD Science Keywords locations=Ocean > Pacific Ocean locations_vocabulary=GCMD Location Keywords metadata_link=https://www.pacioos.hawaii.edu/metadata/scud_pac.html naming_authority=org.pacioos Northernmost_Northing=61.875 platform=Models/Analyses > > Operational Models platform_vocabulary=GCMD Platform Keywords program=Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS) project=Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS) references=http://apdrc.soest.hawaii.edu/projects/SCUD/ source=Surface CUrrents from a Diagnostic model (SCUD), http://apdrc.soest.hawaii.edu/projects/SCUD/ sourceUrl=https://pae-paha.pacioos.hawaii.edu/thredds/dodsC/scud_pac Southernmost_Northing=-70.125 standard_name_vocabulary=CF Standard Name Table v39 testOutOfDate=now-46hours time_coverage_end=2025-06-30T00:00:00Z time_coverage_resolution=P1D time_coverage_start=2012-03-17T00:00:00Z Version=v 1.0 Westernmost_Easting=119.875

The IPRC/SOEST Aquarius OI-SSS v5 product is a level 4, near-global, 0.5 degree spatial resolution, 7-day, optimally interpolated salinity dataset based on version 5.0 of the AQUARIUS/SAC-D level 2 mission data. This is a PI led dataset produced at the International Pacific Research Center (IPRC) at the University of Hawaii (Manoa) School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology. The optimal interpolation (OI) mapping procedure used to create this product corrects for systematic spatial biases in Aquarius SSS data with respect to near-surface in situ salinity observations and takes into account available statistical information about the signal and noise, specific to the Aquarius instrument. Bias fields are constructed by differencing in situ from Aquarius derived SSS fields obtained separately using ascending and descending satellite observations for each of the three Aquarius beams, and by removal of small-scale noise and low-pass filtering along-track using a two-dimensional Hanning window procedures prior to application of the OI algorithm. Additional enhancements for this new version of the product include: 1) The V5.0 (end-of mission) version of Aquarius Level-2 (swath) SSS data are used as input data for the OI SSS analysis. 2) The source of the first guess fields has changed from the APDRC Argo-derived SSS product to the average of four different in-situ based SSS products. 3) The bias correction algorithm has changed to adjust SSS retrievals for large-scale systematic biases on a repeat-track basis. 4) New, less restrictive thresholds are implemented to filter observations for land and ice contamination, thus improving coverage in the coastal areas and semi-enclosed seas. 5) Level-2 RFI masks for descending and ascending satellite passes are used to discard observations in specific geographic zones where excessive ascending-descending differences are observed due to contamination from undetected RFI. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath. The Aquarius polar orbit is sun synchronous at 657 km with a 6 pm, ascending node, and has a 7-Day repeat cycle.

Altimeter satellite gridded Sea Level Anomalies (SLA) computed with respect to a twenty-year 2012 mean. The SLA is estimated by Optimal Interpolation, merging the measurement from the different altimeter missions available (see QUID document for processing details). The product gives additional variables (i.e. Absolute Dynamic Topography and geostrophic currents (absolute and anomalies)). This product is processed by the DUACS multimission altimeter data processing system. It processes data from all altimeter missions: Jason-3, Sentinel-3A, HY-2A, Saral/AltiKa, Cryosat-2, Jason-2, Jason-1, T/P, ENVISAT, GFO, ERS1/2. Finally an Optimal Interpolation is made merging all the flying satellites in order to compute gridded SLA and ADT. The geostrophic currents are derived from sla (geostrophic velocities anomalies, ugosa and vgosa variables) and from adt (absolute geostrophic velocities, ugos and vgos variables) (1).
1. The above description has been reproduced from the following source: http://apdrc.soest.hawaii.edu/datadoc/ssalto_duacs_CMEMS_SEALEVEL_GLO_L4_NRT.php

Tide model for the Hawaiian Islands. The model is based on climatological stratification, but 64 harmonics are used to model the full-depth baroclinic tides. The model has been run at 1km resolution, hourly, through the end of 2025. Due to computing limitations, the model grid is divided into two pieces, one for the Northwestern main Hawaiian Islands (Kauai, Oahu, Maui) and the other for the Big Island. While considerable effort has been made to implement all model components in a thorough, correct, and accurate manner, numerous sources of error are possible. As such, please use this output with the caution appropriate for any ocean related activity. acknowledgement=The Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS) is funded through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) as a Regional Association within the U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS). PacIOOS is coordinated by the University of Hawaii School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST). cdm_data_type=Grid comment=Model runs produced by Jim Potemra (jimp@hawaii.edu). contributor_email=jimp@hawaii.edu contributor_institution=University of Hawaii at Manoa contributor_name=James T. Potemra contributor_role=custodian contributor_type=person contributor_url=https://iprc.soest.hawaii.edu/people/potemra.php Conventions=CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3 date_metadata_modified=2024-12-19 drawLandMask=off Easternmost_Easting=-155.49 geospatial_bounds=POLYGON ((20.48 -160.69, 22.89 -160.69, 22.89 -155.49, 20.48 -155.49, 20.48 -160.69)) geospatial_bounds_crs=EPSG:4326 geospatial_lat_max=22.89 geospatial_lat_min=20.48 geospatial_lat_resolution=0.01 geospatial_lat_units=degrees_north geospatial_lon_max=-155.49 geospatial_lon_min=-160.69 geospatial_lon_resolution=0.009999999999999978 geospatial_lon_units=degrees_east history=2010-11-10T00:00:00Z New PacIOOS dataset. 2011-06-06T00:00:00Z Sea water velocity variables combined using a new depth dimension. 2016-07-21T00:00:00Z Limited archive to 2016. 2016-12-29T00:00:00Z Limited archive to 2017. 2017-12-28T00:00:00Z Limited archive to 2018. 2018-12-28T00:00:00Z Limited archive to 2019. 2019-12-10T00:00:00Z Limited archive to 2020. 2020-12-22T00:00:00Z Limited archive to 2021. 2021-12-22T00:06:00Z Limited archive to 2022. 2022-12-14T23:29:00Z Limited archive to 2023. 2023-12-07T20:46:00Z Limited archive to 2024. 2024-12-19T21:17:00Z Limited archive to 2025. id=tide_mhi infoUrl=http://apdrc.soest.hawaii.edu/doc/carteretal_revised_pp.pdf institution=Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS) instrument=Not Applicable > Not Applicable instrument_vocabulary=GCMD Instrument Keywords ISO_Topic_Categories=oceans keywords_vocabulary=GCMD Science Keywords locations=Continent > North America > United States Of America > Hawaii, Ocean > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Kahoolawe, Ocean > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Kauai, Ocean > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Lanai, Ocean > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Maui, Ocean > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Molokai, Ocean > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Niihau, Ocean > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Oahu locations_vocabulary=GCMD Location Keywords metadata_link=https://www.pacioos.hawaii.edu/metadata/tide_mhi.html naming_authority=org.pacioos Northernmost_Northing=22.89 platform=Models/Analyses > > Operational Models platform_vocabulary=GCMD Platform Keywords program=Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS) project=Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS) references=http://apdrc.soest.hawaii.edu/doc/carteretal_revised_pp.pdf source=Hawaiian Islands tide model sourceUrl=https://pae-paha.pacioos.hawaii.edu/thredds/dodsC/tide_mhi Southernmost_Northing=20.48 standard_name_vocabulary=CF Standard Name Table v39 time_coverage_end=2025-12-31T23:00:00Z time_coverage_resolution=PT1H time_coverage_start=2024-12-01T00:00:00Z Westernmost_Easting=-160.69

Généalogie :Cette base de données cycloniques a été établie à partir de la base de données cycloniques internationale nommée SPEArTC (pour "South Pacific Enhanced Archive of Tropical Cyclones") publiée sur le site "apdrc.soest.hawaii.edu/projects/speartc/". Les climatologues du Service de la Météorologie et du Climat de la Nouvelle-Calédonie ont finement analysé les données du SPEArTC en les confrontant à des données d'observations telles que les mesures de vent et de pression présentes dans la base de données climatologiques de Météo-France, les trajectoires recensées dans la base de données cycloniques locale, les images satellite ou encore les réflectivités radar. A l'issue de cette analyse, de nombreuses corrections (import de trajectoires non répertoriées sur SPEArTC, ajout d'observations, repositionnement de points de trajectoires, etc) ont été apportées et ont abouti à l'élaboration de la base de données cycloniques en Nouvelle-Calédonie.Source à citer : SPEArTC (Diamond, H.J., A.M. Lorrey, K.R. Knapp, and D.H. Levinson, 2012. Development of an Enhanced Tropical Cyclone Tracks Database for the Southwest Pacific from 1840-2010. Int. J. Climatol. 32: 2240–2250. DOI:10.1002/joc.2412), Météo-France, service Météo et climat du gouvernement de la Nouvelle-Calédonie.Plus d'information :Téléchargement des données : https://georep-dtsi-sgt.opendata.arcgis.com/maps/63e27e6671324498838e4944035a3cc0/about

Généalogie :Cette base de données cycloniques a été établie à partir de la base de données cycloniques internationale nommée SPEArTC (pour "South Pacific Enhanced Archive of Tropical Cyclones") publiée sur le site "apdrc.soest.hawaii.edu/projects/speartc/". Les climatologues du Service de la Météorologie et du Climat de la Nouvelle-Calédonie ont finement analysé les données du SPEArTC en les confrontant à des données d'observations telles que les mesures de vent et de pression présentes dans la base de données climatologiques de Météo-France, les trajectoires recensées dans la base de données cycloniques locale, les images satellite ou encore les réflectivités radar. A l'issue de cette analyse, de nombreuses corrections (import de trajectoires non répertoriées sur SPEArTC, ajout d'observations, repositionnement de points de trajectoires, etc) ont été apportées et ont abouti à l'élaboration de la base de données cycloniques en Nouvelle-Calédonie.Source à citer : SPEArTC (Diamond, H.J., A.M. Lorrey, K.R. Knapp, and D.H. Levinson, 2012. Development of an Enhanced Tropical Cyclone Tracks Database for the Southwest Pacific from 1840-2010. Int. J. Climatol. 32: 2240–2250. DOI:10.1002/joc.2412), Météo-France, service Météo et climat du gouvernement de la Nouvelle-Calédonie.Plus d'information :Téléchargement des données : https://georep-dtsi-sgt.opendata.arcgis.com/maps/63e27e6671324498838e4944035a3cc0/about

Généalogie :Cette base de données cycloniques a été établie à partir de la base de données cycloniques internationale nommée SPEArTC (pour "South Pacific Enhanced Archive of Tropical Cyclones") publiée sur le site "apdrc.soest.hawaii.edu/projects/speartc/". Les climatologues du Service de la Météorologie et du Climat de la Nouvelle-Calédonie ont finement analysé les données du SPEArTC en les confrontant à des données d'observations telles que les mesures de vent et de pression présentes dans la base de données climatologiques de Météo-France, les trajectoires recensées dans la base de données cycloniques locale, les images satellite ou encore les réflectivités radar. A l'issue de cette analyse, de nombreuses corrections (import de trajectoires non répertoriées sur SPEArTC, ajout d'observations, repositionnement de points de trajectoires, etc) ont été apportées et ont abouti à l'élaboration de la base de données cycloniques en Nouvelle-Calédonie.Source à citer : SPEArTC (Diamond, H.J., A.M. Lorrey, K.R. Knapp, and D.H. Levinson, 2012. Development of an Enhanced Tropical Cyclone Tracks Database for the Southwest Pacific from 1840-2010. Int. J. Climatol. 32: 2240–2250. DOI:10.1002/joc.2412), Météo-France, service Météo et climat du gouvernement de la Nouvelle-Calédonie.Plus d'information :Téléchargement des données : https://georep-dtsi-sgt.opendata.arcgis.com/maps/63e27e6671324498838e4944035a3cc0/about