This table contains 25 series, with data for years 1955 - 2013 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 items: Canada ...) Last permanent residence (25 items: Total immigrants; France; Great Britain; Total Europe ...).

Large migrant inflows have spurred anti-immigrant sentiment, but can small inflows have a different impact? We exploit the redistribution of migrants after the dismantling of the "Calais Jungle" in France to study the impact of the exposure to few migrants, which we estimate using difference-in-differences and instrumental variables. We find that in the presence of a migrant center (CAO), the growth rate of vote shares for the main far-right party (Front National (FN), our proxy for anti-immigrant sentiment) between 2012 and 2017 is reduced by about 12 percentage points. This effect, which crucially depends on the inflow’s size, points towards the contact hypothesis (Allport 1954).

Dataset

The dataset (dataset.csv) comes from a service from which anyone present on the French territory benefits without social, cultural or administrative distinction (with or without papers). Nationalities have only been inferred from individuals' last names.

Task Details

The text below is based on an article from the French Observatory for Immigration and Demography entitled: The « Great Replacement »: Fantasy or Reality? The notion of « great replacement » in France now haunts editorials, social networks and major audiovisual media platforms, but places of power and simple family discussions. The importance of migratory flows, coupled with the birth rate of immigrants or of immigrant origin, resulted in 11% of the population residing in France being immigrant in 2017 and 25% being of immigrant origin - counting children of the second generation from immigration - according to figures from the French Office for Immigration and Integration (OFII) published in October 2018. This represents a quarter of the French population. And these are all stocks - that is, what is and not what will be in the future, as a result of migratory flows and future births. However, it is necessary to take into account the fertility differential between women descending from indigenous peoples (less than 1.8 children per woman on average in 2017), women descending from immigrants (2.02 children per woman on average) and immigrant women (2.73 children per woman on average). This fertility varies greatly according to the origin of the women: 3.6 children per woman on average for Algerian immigrants, 3.5 children per woman for Tunisian immigrants, 3.4 children per woman for Moroccan immigrants and 3.1 children per woman for Turkish immigrants, which is higher than the fertility of their country of origin (respectively 3; 2.4; 2.2; 2.1). Over the same twenty-year period, between 1998 and 2018: • The number of births to children with both French parents fell by 13.7%. • The number of births of children with at least one foreign parent increased by 63.6% • The number of births to children with both foreign parents increased by 43%. In 2018, almost a third of children born (31.4%) had at least one parent born abroad. While a part of the French political class remains in denial about this phenomenon and its consequences, officials in other countries source of immigration, have openly claimed this contemporary mode of conquest since the 70s: 1974, former Algerian President Houari Boumedienne said in a U.N. speech: “One day, millions of men will leave the Southern Hemisphere to go to the Northern Hemisphere. And they will not go there as friends. The wombs of our women will give us victory.” A precisely anti-France hatred is even cultivated by certain African states for which France happens to be the perfect scapegoat for the failure of their successive policies. For Algeria, this hatred even goes so far as to be included in its national anthem (cf. [Wikipedia] National anthem of Algeria).

Expected Submission

Using the data provided, support a diagnosis on the current state and future of the French civilization. And if the replacement of the French population and its customs a fantasy or reality?

Further help

• 2020 France population pyramide : https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/2381472
• For cartographic representations, the projection RGF93 / Lambert93, reference EPSG:2154 or IGNF:LAMB93 should be favored.

BackgroundMigrants’ access to care depends on their health insurance coverage in the host country. We aimed to evaluate in France the dynamic and the determinants of health insurance coverage acquisition among sub-Saharan migrants.MethodsIn the PARCOURS life-event retrospective survey conducted in 2012–2013 in health-care facilities in the Paris region, data on health insurance coverage (HIC) each year since arrival in France has been collected among three groups of sub-Saharan migrants recruited in primary care centres (N = 763), centres for HIV care (N = 923) and for chronic hepatitis B care (N = 778). Year to year, the determinants of the acquisition and lapse of HIC were analysed with mixed-effects logistic regression models.ResultsIn the year of arrival, 63.4% of women and 55.3% of men obtained HIC. But three years after arrival, still 14% of women and 19% of men had not obtained HIC. HIC acquisition was accelerated in case of HIV or hepatitis B infection, for migrants arrived after 2000, and for women in case of pregnancy and when they were studying. Conversely, it was slowed down in case of lack of a residency permit and lack of financial resources for men. In addition, women and men without residency permits were more likely to have lost HIC when they had one.ConclusionIn France, the health insurance system aiming at protecting all, including undocumented migrants, leads to a prompt access to HIC for migrants from sub-Saharan Africa. Nevertheless, this access may be impaired by administrative and social insecurities.

The concordance of communication between patients and health professionals is essential to promoting positive health outcomes. However, concordance may be broken where language barriers exist therefore creating a need to use interpretation services. This is the case when rapid diagnostic testing (RDT) of HIV, HBV, and HCV is offered to migrants. The use of interpreters to establish communication with patients having limited French proficiency (LFP) however, is often not used and can be problematic. Despite being offered, interpretation services are frequently underutilised, which makes communication challenging. This problem has not received enough attention in the literature, particularly in a technologically advanced setting where solutions may be found. Our objective was to explore how interpreters are used within the context of medical consultations when RDT for HIV, HBV, and HCV is offered to legal migrants with LFP. A cross-sectional qualitative study was used with a purposive sample that included doctors and nurses who had conducted rapid screening tests with migrants in four centers in France and who had access to interpretive services. Semi-structured interviews explored healthcare providers’ (HP) use of interpreters at the OFII. The use of professional or ad hoc interpreters, telephone interpreters, and the equivalence of concepts such as health literacy between the HP and the interpreter were explored. The utility of a new tool to promote communication concordance was evaluated. Twenty interviews were conducted with eleven doctors and nine nurses with a median age of 58 years (25–67 years). All participants had access to interpretive services although many did not solicit them because of 1) unawareness on how to use the services, 2) preconceived notions of the length of time to involve an interpreter and how this would add to consultation times, or 3) the proximity of an ad hoc interpreter. Not using interpreter services could result in RDTs not being offered to immigrants. Subjects such as confidentiality, the embarrassment of a third party’s presence, the lack of appropriate training and differing levels of health literacy were also discussed by participants. Insight from HPs allows us to better understand how both telephone and in-person interpretation are used, viewed, and why they are underused to communicate with limited French language skills patients. Our findings will help us develop a conceptual model for a digital communication tool to overcome barriers with migrant patients with limited French language skills.