The average wholesale electricity price in September 2025 in the United Kingdom is forecast to amount to*******British pounds per megawatt-hour, a decrease from the previous month. A record high was reached in August 2022 when day-ahead baseload contracts averaged ***** British pounds per megawatt-hour. Electricity price stabilization in Europe Electricity prices increased in 2024 compared to the previous year, when prices stabilized after the energy supply shortage. Price spikes were driven by the growing wholesale prices of natural gas and coal worldwide, which are among the main sources of power in the region.

… and in the United Kingdom? The United Kingdom was one of the countries with the highest electricity prices worldwide during the energy crisis. Since then, prices have been stabilizing, almost to pre-energy crisis levels. The use of nuclear, wind, and bioenergy for electricity generation has been increasing recently. The fuel types are an alternative to fossil fuels and are part of the country's power generation plans going into the future.

The global fuel energy price index stood at 157.89 index points in September 2025, up from 100 in the base year 2016. Figures decreased that month due to a fall in natural gas prices. The fuel energy index includes prices for crude oil, natural gas, coal, and propane. Supply constraints across multiple commodities The global natural gas price index surged nearly 11-fold, and the global coal price index rose almost seven-fold from summer 2020 to summer 2022. This notable escalation was largely attributed to the Russia-Ukraine war, exerting increased pressure on the global supply chain. Tariffs bring economic uncertainty With the global economy having adjusted to the effects of the Russia-Ukraine war, new uncertainty has emerged due to tariffs imposed by the Trump administration. If these tariffs are fully implemented, global trade could be significantly disrupted, mainly the bilateral trade between the world’s two largest economies. In 2025, import tariffs between China and the United States exceeded 130 percent on both sides, while their tariffs on imports from the rest of the world were around 10 percent. U.S. tariffs on Chinese imported goods reached a high of 134.7 percent in April of that year, while China imposed a 147.6 percent tariff on U.S. goods. Early estimates indicate that the impact of Trump’s proposed tariffs on the U.S. economy could amount to 0.4 percent of GDP, mainly driven by the reduced trade with Mexico, Canada and China.

Electricity prices in Europe are expected to remain volatile through 2025, with Italy projected to have some of the highest rates among major European economies. This trend reflects the ongoing challenges in the energy sector, including the transition to renewable sources and the impact of geopolitical events on supply chains. Despite efforts to stabilize the market, prices still have not returned to pre-pandemic levels, such as in countries like Italy, where prices are forecast to reach ****** euros per megawatt hour in September 2025. Natural gas futures shaping electricity costs The electricity market's future trajectory is closely tied to natural gas prices, a key component in power generation. Dutch TTF gas futures, a benchmark for European natural gas prices, are projected to be ***** euros per megawatt hour in July 2025. The reduced output from the Groningen gas field and increased reliance on imports further complicate the pricing landscape, potentially contributing to higher electricity costs in countries like Italy. Regional disparities and global market influences While European electricity prices remain high, significant regional differences persist. For instance, natural gas prices in the United States are expected to be roughly one-third of those in Europe by March 2025, at **** U.S. dollars per million British thermal units. This stark contrast highlights the impact of domestic production capabilities on global natural gas prices. Europe's greater reliance on imports, particularly in the aftermath of geopolitical tensions and the shift away from Russian gas, continues to keep prices elevated compared to more self-sufficient markets. As a result, countries like Italy may face sustained pressure on electricity prices due to their position within the broader European energy market. As of August 2025, electricity prices in Italy have decreased to ****** euros per megawatt hour, reflecting ongoing volatility in the market.

UK Electricity decreased 23.24 GBP/MWh or 22.68% since the beginning of 2025, according to the latest spot benchmarks offered by sellers to buyers priced in megawatt hour (MWh). This dataset includes a chart with historical data for the United Kingdom Electricity Price.

Electricity prices in Germany are forecast to amount to ***** euros per megawatt-hour in November 2025. Electricity prices in the country have not yet recovered to pre-pandemic levels. Electricity price recovery German electricity prices began recovering back to pre-energy crisis levels in 2024, a period driven by a complex interplay of factors, including increased heating demand, reduced wind power generation, and water scarcity affecting hydropower production. Despite Germany's progress in renewable energy sources, with over ** percent of gross electricity generated from renewable sources in 2024, the country still relies heavily on fossil fuels. Coal and natural gas accounted for approximately ** percent of the energy mix, making Germany vulnerable to fluctuations in global fuel prices. Impact on consumers and future outlook The volatility in electricity prices has directly impacted German consumers. As of April 1, 2024, households with basic supplier contracts were paying around ** cents per kilowatt-hour, making it the most expensive option compared to other providers or special contracts. The breakdown of household electricity prices in 2023 showed that supply and margin, along with energy procurement, constituted the largest controllable components, amounting to **** and **** euro cents per kilowatt-hour, respectively. While prices have decreased since the 2022 peak, they remain higher than pre-crisis levels, underscoring the ongoing challenges in Germany's energy sector as it continues its transition towards renewable sources.

The default energy tariff price cap for direct debit customers in the United Kingdom is forecast to surpass ***** British pounds in April 2023. This projection continues an increasing trend in the energy tariff price cap, which has risen considerably since 2021 amid a surge in wholesale energy prices. The default tariff price cap is set by Ofgem, the United Kingdom's energy regulator.

Complete dataset of average residential and commercial electricity rates in cents per kWh for all 50 states and D.C. as of December 2025.

Household electricity prices in China amounted to 7.5 U.S. dollar cents per kilowatt-hour in June 2024. Residential electricity prices increased steadily in the country from September 2020 to September 2021, when it reached 9.3 U.S. dollar cents per kilowatt-hour, and decreased to less than eight U.S. dollar cents per kilowatt-hour in the following months. Growing demand for affordable electricity Through China’s decades of industrialization, increasing power demand has been a constant factor, and policymakers and utility companies have had to balance it with affordability for a population with a relatively low per capita income. Keeping residential electricity prices at a low level is vital, given that many depend on air conditioning in China’s harsh summer months. However, with China’s ongoing electrification of private and public transportation, the demand for electricity will only increase. From black coal to sustainable green The history of the electricity industry is one of constant change and adaptation. Despite its size, China is not rich in energy resources. With coal being the only available fuel, it has supplied electricity to 1.4 billion people and an economy that has undergone incredible growth in the past four decades. However, the reliance on coal has left behind a black legacy of high carbon emissions and severe air pollution. With the highest investments in renewables worldwide, China attempts to transform its energy industry into a sustainable future.

Natural gas rose to 4.94 USD/MMBtu on December 3, 2025, up 2.04% from the previous day. Over the past month, Natural gas's price has risen 13.71%, and is up 62.29% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Natural gas - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.

Energy inflation rates in the European Union have experienced significant fluctuations in recent years, with dramatic increases followed by sharp declines. The impact of geopolitical events, particularly Russia's invasion of Ukraine and the tensions in the Middle East, has led to intense volatility in energy prices across various commodities. As of June 2025, liquid fuels are projected to have a negative inflation rate of nine percent, a stark contrast to the peak of 88 percent seen in June 2022. Broader energy price trends The volatility in energy inflation rates is reflected in broader price indices. The harmonized index of consumer prices (HICP) for energy in the EU reached nearly 170 index points in October 2022, before declining slightly in 2023 and 2024. This surge was largely driven by increased fuel demand after the COVID-19 pandemic and sanctions on Russian fossil fuel imports. By comparison, the global energy price index stood at approximately 101.5 in 2024, with forecasts suggesting a decrease to below 80 by 2026. This was considerably lower than the HICP in the EU in 2025, which was around 150. Energy consumption patterns Despite price volatility, global primary energy consumption was continuously rising and is expected to increase until 2045. While renewable energy production is projected to grow in the upcoming years, oil and gas will remain the dominant energy sources worldwide in the next few decades. The two fossil fuels had a central role in the EU’s energy sector as well, having accounted for almost 65 percent of the region’s primary energy consumption in 2024.

UK Gas fell to 72.60 GBp/thm on December 2, 2025, down 1.67% from the previous day. Over the past month, UK Gas's price has fallen 11.75%, and is down 40.33% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. UK Natural Gas - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.

The UK's electricity transmission network is made up of four high-voltage onshore transmission networks owned by the National Grid Electricity Transmission plc, SP Transmission plc, Scottish Hydro Electric Transmission plc and Northern Ireland Electricity Networks Ltd. Each company operates a regional monopoly on different transmission networks and is heavily regulated through price controls. The tight oversight by Ofgem keeps profit in check to ensure suitable investment in the network and fair prices for consumers. Fluctuating balance costs have caused it to take a hit over the past five years. Revenue is anticipated to swell at a compound annual rate of 7.2% to reach £8.4 billion over the five years through 2025-26. Network expansion driven by government efforts to decarbonise the electricity supply chain has supported transmission revenue in recent years, with the price controls set based on investment, innovation and output. Reduced transmission revenue due to lower electricity demand during the pandemic was offset by higher pass-through costs recovered by National Grid Electricity System Operator (ESO) in the form of record constraint payments paid to generators during the pandemic. The energy crisis led to soaring system balancing costs, as intermittent renewables increased reliance on expensive imported gas. However, balancing tariffs were dropped in 2024-25 due to the overcollection of fees the previous year, with the new National Energy System Operator generating over £800 million in profit. In 2025-26, revenue is expected to grow by 1.4%, bolstered by network investments and higher balancing costs in the second half of the year. However, lower energy demand due to good weather is restricting growth. Revenue is expected to rise at a compound annual rate of 0.7% over the five years through 2030-31, reaching £8.7 billion. Investment in the grid to meet the needs of decarbonising the energy supply chain will likely result in rising transmission charges, spurring renewed growth. Additionally, the implementation of RIIO-3 from April 2026 will see transmission tariffs rise, contributing to revenue growth. The digitalisation of the economy will also bolster electricity demand and advances in artificial intelligence present opportunities for companies to improve efficiency.

Iran PPI: Electricity data was reported at 332.300 Apr2016-Mar2017=100 in Jun 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 303.100 Apr2016-Mar2017=100 for Mar 2023. Iran PPI: Electricity data is updated quarterly, averaging 192.900 Apr2016-Mar2017=100 from Jun 2021 (Median) to Jun 2023, with 9 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 332.300 Apr2016-Mar2017=100 in Jun 2023 and a record low of 173.900 Apr2016-Mar2017=100 in Jun 2021. Iran PPI: Electricity data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistical Center of Iran. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Iran – Table IR.I016: Producer Price Index: April 16-March 17=100: Quarterly.

The renewable energy market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing concerns about climate change, government incentives promoting clean energy adoption, and decreasing technology costs. The market, valued at approximately $XX million in 2025 (assuming a logical extrapolation from the provided 2019-2024 data and 7.09% CAGR), is projected to expand significantly over the forecast period (2025-2033). Key drivers include the escalating demand for electricity, stringent environmental regulations targeting carbon emissions, and the growing awareness among consumers and businesses about the environmental and economic benefits of renewable energy sources. Market trends indicate a shift towards larger-scale renewable energy projects, increased integration of smart grids, and the development of innovative energy storage solutions to address intermittency challenges. While restraints such as grid infrastructure limitations and land-use conflicts persist, technological advancements and supportive policy frameworks are actively mitigating these challenges. The market is segmented into EPC developers/operators/owners and equipment suppliers, with significant players including Orsted AS, EDF SA, NextEra Energy Inc, First Solar Inc, and Vestas Wind Systems AS, contributing substantially to the overall market value and growth. The market's segmentation reflects the complex nature of the renewable energy sector, requiring both project development and execution expertise alongside advanced equipment manufacturing and supply capabilities. The competitive landscape is characterized by both established energy giants and innovative technology companies, leading to continuous improvement and cost reductions in renewable energy technologies. Regional variations in growth rates are expected, influenced by factors such as government policies, available resources, and technological infrastructure. The forecast period will likely witness a rise in mergers and acquisitions, strategic partnerships, and technological collaborations as companies strive to gain a competitive edge and capitalize on the substantial growth potential within the renewable energy sector. Continuous innovation in solar PV, wind turbine technology, and energy storage solutions will fuel this expansion further. Recent developments include: April 2023: ArcelorMittal announced that the company's Brazilian entity, ArcelorMittal Brazil, formed a joint venture with the Brazilian renewable energy company Casa dos Ventos to develop the 554 MW Babilonia wind power project. The project is expected to be developed at a cost of USD 800 million and will be located in the central region of Bahia, northeast Brazil. ArcelorMittal is anticipated to hold a 55% share in the joint venture, and the remaining share will be held by Casa dos Ventos.January 2023: Cepsa announced that it would build three new solar power projects in Castilla-La Mancha, Spain. The total capacity of the three solar energy farms is expected to be 400 MW. The projects are expected to be developed with an investment of USD 305 million in the towns of Campo de Criptana and Arenales de San Gregorio.May 2022: NJR Clean Energy Ventures (CEV) started construction on an 8.9-MW floating solar installation in Millburn, New Jersey, which is expected to be the largest floating array in the United States. The project uses a floating racking system, and 16,510 solar panels are expected to be installed on a reservoir located at the New Jersey American Water Canoe Brook Water Treatment Plant. The clean power generated by the array is anticipated to provide approximately 95% of the facility's annual power needs through a power purchase agreement with CEV.. Key drivers for this market are: 4., Favorable Government Policies for Renewable Energy4.; The Declining Price of Solar Panels and Wind Turbine Installations4.; Increasing Investments in Hydropower and Pumped Storage Hydropower Projects4.; Growing Emphasis on Geothermal Energy. Potential restraints include: 4., Favorable Government Policies for Renewable Energy4.; The Declining Price of Solar Panels and Wind Turbine Installations4.; Increasing Investments in Hydropower and Pumped Storage Hydropower Projects4.; Growing Emphasis on Geothermal Energy. Notable trends are: Hydropower Segment is Expected to Dominate the Market during the Forecast Period.

First quarter energy survey results revealed that Tenth District energy activity increased slightly, and expectations remained expansionary. Firms reported that oil prices needed to be on average $65 per barrel for drilling to be profitable, and $85 per barrel for a substantial increase in drilling to occur. Natural gas prices needed to be $3.80 per million Btu for drilling to be profitable on average, and $5.10 per million Btu for drilling to increase substantially.

Iran Consumer Price Index (CPI): Urban: Housing, Water, Electricity, Gas and Other Fuels data was reported at 279.300 Apr2004-Mar2005=100 in 2012. This records an increase from the previous number of 236.200 Apr2004-Mar2005=100 for 2011. Iran Consumer Price Index (CPI): Urban: Housing, Water, Electricity, Gas and Other Fuels data is updated yearly, averaging 55.000 Apr2004-Mar2005=100 from Mar 1991 (Median) to 2012, with 22 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 279.300 Apr2004-Mar2005=100 in 2012 and a record low of 6.000 Apr2004-Mar2005=100 in 1991. Iran Consumer Price Index (CPI): Urban: Housing, Water, Electricity, Gas and Other Fuels data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Iran – Table IR.I006: Consumer Price Index: April 04-March 05=100: Urban: Annual.

Iran Consumer Price Index (CPI): Rural: WE: Water, Electricity and Fuel data was reported at 143.200 Apr2016-Mar2017=100 in Jul 2019. This records an increase from the previous number of 135.700 Apr2016-Mar2017=100 for Jun 2019. Iran Consumer Price Index (CPI): Rural: WE: Water, Electricity and Fuel data is updated monthly, averaging 120.300 Apr2016-Mar2017=100 from Mar 2018 (Median) to Jul 2019, with 17 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 143.200 Apr2016-Mar2017=100 in Jul 2019 and a record low of 103.000 Apr2016-Mar2017=100 in Apr 2018. Iran Consumer Price Index (CPI): Rural: WE: Water, Electricity and Fuel data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistical Centre of Iran. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Iran – Table IR.I003: Consumer Price Index: April 16-March 17=100: Statistical Centre of Iran: Rural.

Iran Consumer Price Index (CPI): WE: Water, Electricity and Fuel data was reported at 141.900 Apr2016-Mar2017=100 in Jul 2019. This records an increase from the previous number of 133.400 Apr2016-Mar2017=100 for Jun 2019. Iran Consumer Price Index (CPI): WE: Water, Electricity and Fuel data is updated monthly, averaging 124.500 Apr2016-Mar2017=100 from Mar 2018 (Median) to Jul 2019, with 17 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 141.900 Apr2016-Mar2017=100 in Jul 2019 and a record low of 98.800 Apr2016-Mar2017=100 in Apr 2018. Iran Consumer Price Index (CPI): WE: Water, Electricity and Fuel data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistical Centre of Iran. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Iran – Table IR.I001: Consumer Price Index: April 16-March 17=100: Statistical Centre of Iran.