Examine the relationship between inmate numbers and the costs of imprisonment.

The Peoria County GIS open data website provides GIS data, interactive maps, and digital maps free of charge under an open data license agreement. Peoria County GIS also provides custom GIS services upon request for GIS data and digital maps not available on the open data website. Please click the Download button to download and view the current custom GIS services pricing guide. All custom services are charged at $60 per hour.Contact InformationEmail: gis@peoriacounty.orgPhysical AddressPeoria County CourthouseIT Service Department - GIS Division324 Main St.Room G11Peoria, IL 61602

This layer shows housing costs as a percentage of household income. This is shown by tract, county, and state boundaries. This service is updated annually to contain the most currently released American Community Survey (ACS) 5-year data, and contains estimates and margins of error. There are also additional calculated attributes related to this topic, which can be mapped or used within analysis. Income is based on earnings in past 12 months of survey. This layer is symbolized to show the percent of renter households that spend 30.0% or more of their household income on gross rent (contract rent plus tenant-paid utilities). To see the full list of attributes available in this service, go to the "Data" tab, and choose "Fields" at the top right. Current Vintage: 2019-2023ACS Table(s): B25070, B25091 Data downloaded from: Census Bureau's API for American Community Survey Date of API call: December 12, 2024National Figures: data.census.govThe United States Census Bureau's American Community Survey (ACS):About the SurveyGeography & ACSTechnical DocumentationNews & UpdatesThis ready-to-use layer can be used within ArcGIS Pro, ArcGIS Online, its configurable apps, dashboards, Story Maps, custom apps, and mobile apps. Data can also be exported for offline workflows. For more information about ACS layers, visit the FAQ. Please cite the Census and ACS when using this data.Data Note from the Census:Data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. The degree of uncertainty for an estimate arising from sampling variability is represented through the use of a margin of error. The value shown here is the 90 percent margin of error. The margin of error can be interpreted as providing a 90 percent probability that the interval defined by the estimate minus the margin of error and the estimate plus the margin of error (the lower and upper confidence bounds) contains the true value. In addition to sampling variability, the ACS estimates are subject to nonsampling error (for a discussion of nonsampling variability, see Accuracy of the Data). The effect of nonsampling error is not represented in these tables.Data Processing Notes:This layer is updated automatically when the most current vintage of ACS data is released each year, usually in December. The layer always contains the latest available ACS 5-year estimates. It is updated annually within days of the Census Bureau's release schedule. Click here to learn more about ACS data releases.Boundaries come from the US Census TIGER geodatabases, specifically, the National Sub-State Geography Database (named tlgdb_(year)_a_us_substategeo.gdb). Boundaries are updated at the same time as the data updates (annually), and the boundary vintage appropriately matches the data vintage as specified by the Census. These are Census boundaries with water and/or coastlines erased for cartographic and mapping purposes. For census tracts, the water cutouts are derived from a subset of the 2020 Areal Hydrography boundaries offered by TIGER. Water bodies and rivers which are 50 million square meters or larger (mid to large sized water bodies) are erased from the tract level boundaries, as well as additional important features. For state and county boundaries, the water and coastlines are derived from the coastlines of the 2023 500k TIGER Cartographic Boundary Shapefiles. These are erased to more accurately portray the coastlines and Great Lakes. The original AWATER and ALAND fields are still available as attributes within the data table (units are square meters).The States layer contains 52 records - all US states, Washington D.C., and Puerto RicoCensus tracts with no population that occur in areas of water, such as oceans, are removed from this data service (Census Tracts beginning with 99).Percentages and derived counts, and associated margins of error, are calculated values (that can be identified by the "_calc_" stub in the field name), and abide by the specifications defined by the American Community Survey.Field alias names were created based on the Table Shells file available from the American Community Survey Summary File Documentation page.Negative values (e.g., -4444...) have been set to null, with the exception of -5555... which has been set to zero. These negative values exist in the raw API data to indicate the following situations:The margin of error column indicates that either no sample observations or too few sample observations were available to compute a standard error and thus the margin of error. A statistical test is not appropriate.Either no sample observations or too few sample observations were available to compute an estimate, or a ratio of medians cannot be calculated because one or both of the median estimates falls in the lowest interval or upper interval of an open-ended distribution.The median falls in the lowest interval of an open-ended distribution, or in the upper interval of an open-ended distribution. A statistical test is not appropriate.The estimate is controlled. A statistical test for sampling variability is not appropriate.The data for this geographic area cannot be displayed because the number of sample cases is too small.

The Cost of Risk metric shows how much the city spends on handling risks (like insurance, legal expenses, or accident payouts) compared to how much money it collects overall.The performance measure dashboard is available at 5.17 Total Cost of Risk.Additional InformationSource: Peoplesoft and ACFRContact: Laura CalderContact E-Mail: laura.calder@tempe.govData Source Type: ExcelPreparation Method: The total expenses in Fund 2661 (The Risk Management cost center) is divided by the total revenue from Annual Comprehensive Financial Report to calculate the total cost of Risk.Publish Frequency: AnnualPublish Method: ManualData Dictionary (pending update)

Displacement risk indicator showing how many households within the specified groups are facing either housing cost burden (contributing more than 30% of monthly income toward housing costs) or severe housing cost burden (contributing more than 50% of monthly income toward housing costs).

Ownership Cost 30% of income from PUMA (Public Use MicroData Area) Data

Accessibility is defined as the travel time to a location of interest using land (road/off road) or water (navigable river, lake and ocean) based travel. This accessibility is computed using a cost-distance algorithm which computes the “cost” of traveling between two locations on a regular raster grid. Generally this cost is measured in units of time.The input GIS data and a description of the underlying model that were developed by Andrew Nelson in the GEM (Global Environment Monitoring) unit in collaboration with the World Bank’s Development Research Group between October 2007 and May 2008. The pixel values representing minutes of travel time. Available dataset: Joint Research Centre - Land Resource Management Unit

A land area that has distinct management/use authorities or agreements for Forest Service action. Includes: Cost Share Agreement Areas, Exchange Authority Areas, Land Adjustment Plan Areas, Forest Reserves, and Secretary's Order Areas. MetadataThis record was taken from the USDA Enterprise Data Inventory that feeds into the https://data.gov catalog. Data for this record includes the following resources: ISO-19139 metadata ArcGIS Hub Dataset ArcGIS GeoService OGC WMS CSV Shapefile GeoJSON KML For complete information, please visit https://data.gov.

The northern Sierra Nevada foothills wildlife connectivity project modeled wildlife corridors for 9 focal species between 238 landscape blocks within the northern Sierra Nevada foothills and neighboring ecoregions. We followed the least-cost corridor techniques described by Beier et al. (2007). This analysis identified the least-cost corridor, or the best potential route for each species, between neighboring landscape blocks. The data needed for a least-cost corridor analysis are a resistance raster and landscape blocks. The resistance raster is the inverse of the species distribution model (SDM) output (i.e., Maxent or BioView habitat models, which rank habitat suitability across the landscape from 0-100 for each species). We identified habitat patches for each focal species within each landscape block, and connected those habitat patches using the least-cost corridor models. The least-cost corridor model does not identify barriers, risk and dispersal. We removed urban areas and areas of unsuitable/non-restorable habitat from the corridors and then inspected the corridor to make sure they were continuous. We examined the amount of predicted suitable habitat in each corridor, and measured the distance between habitat patches within each corridor to make sure it was within the maximum dispersal distance for that focal species. If the corridors did not meet these rules then habitat patches on the border of the corridor were added to meet the selection requirements. For more information see the project report at [https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=85358].

LOW TRANSPORTATION COST INDEXSummaryThe Low Transportation Cost Index is based on estimates of transportation expenses for a family that meets the following description: a 3-person single-parent family with income at 50% of the median income for renters for the region (i.e. CBSA). The estimates come from the Location Affordability Index (LAI). The data correspond to those for household type 6 (hh_type6_) as noted in the LAI data dictionary. More specifically, among this household type, we model transportation costs as a percent of income for renters (t_rent). Neighborhoods are defined as census tracts. The LAI data do not contain transportation cost information for Puerto Rico.InterpretationValues are inverted and percentile ranked nationally, with values ranging from 0 to 100. The higher the transportation cost index, the lower the cost of transportation in that neighborhood. Transportation costs may be low for a range of reasons, including greater access to public transportation and the density of homes, services, and jobs in the neighborhood and surrounding community.

Data Source: Location Affordability Index (LAI) data, 2012-2016.Related AFFH-T Local Government, PHA and State Tables/Maps: Table 12; Map 11.

References: www.locationaffordability.infohttps://lai.locationaffordability.info//lai_data_dictionary.pdf

To learn more about the Low Transportation Cost Index visit: https://www.hud.gov/program_offices/fair_housing_equal_opp/affh ; https://www.hud.gov/sites/dfiles/FHEO/documents/AFFH-T-Data-Documentation-AFFHT0006-July-2020.pdf, for questions about the spatial attribution of this dataset, please reach out to us at GISHelpdesk@hud.gov. Date of Coverage: 07/2020

Data contains estimated costs for maintenance and replacement of stormwater assets located in the City of Johns Creek, GA.Cost modeling was performed in 2020 by Lowe Engineering as part of the 2019-2020 Complete Stormwater Assessment Project.

This layer shows housing costs as a percentage of household income by age. This is shown by tract, county, and state centroids. This service is updated annually to contain the most currently released American Community Survey (ACS) 5-year data, and contains estimates and margins of error. There are also additional calculated attributes related to this topic, which can be mapped or used within analysis. Income is based on earnings in past 12 months of survey. This layer is symbolized to show the predominant housing type for householders where the householder is age 65+ and spending at least 30% of their income on housing. To see the full list of attributes available in this service, go to the "Data" tab, and choose "Fields" at the top right. Current Vintage: 2019-2023ACS Table(s): B25072, B25093 Data downloaded from: Census Bureau's API for American Community Survey Date of API call: December 12, 2024National Figures: data.census.govThe United States Census Bureau's American Community Survey (ACS):About the SurveyGeography & ACSTechnical DocumentationNews & UpdatesThis ready-to-use layer can be used within ArcGIS Pro, ArcGIS Online, its configurable apps, dashboards, Story Maps, custom apps, and mobile apps. Data can also be exported for offline workflows. For more information about ACS layers, visit the FAQ. Please cite the Census and ACS when using this data.Data Note from the Census:Data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. The degree of uncertainty for an estimate arising from sampling variability is represented through the use of a margin of error. The value shown here is the 90 percent margin of error. The margin of error can be interpreted as providing a 90 percent probability that the interval defined by the estimate minus the margin of error and the estimate plus the margin of error (the lower and upper confidence bounds) contains the true value. In addition to sampling variability, the ACS estimates are subject to nonsampling error (for a discussion of nonsampling variability, see Accuracy of the Data). The effect of nonsampling error is not represented in these tables.Data Processing Notes:This layer is updated automatically when the most current vintage of ACS data is released each year, usually in December. The layer always contains the latest available ACS 5-year estimates. It is updated annually within days of the Census Bureau's release schedule. Click here to learn more about ACS data releases.Boundaries come from the US Census TIGER geodatabases, specifically, the National Sub-State Geography Database (named tlgdb_(year)_a_us_substategeo.gdb). Boundaries are updated at the same time as the data updates (annually), and the boundary vintage appropriately matches the data vintage as specified by the Census. These are Census boundaries with water and/or coastlines erased for cartographic and mapping purposes. For census tracts, the water cutouts are derived from a subset of the 2020 Areal Hydrography boundaries offered by TIGER. Water bodies and rivers which are 50 million square meters or larger (mid to large sized water bodies) are erased from the tract level boundaries, as well as additional important features. For state and county boundaries, the water and coastlines are derived from the coastlines of the 2023 500k TIGER Cartographic Boundary Shapefiles. These are erased to more accurately portray the coastlines and Great Lakes. The original AWATER and ALAND fields are still available as attributes within the data table (units are square meters). The States layer contains 52 records - all US states, Washington D.C., and Puerto RicoCensus tracts with no population that occur in areas of water, such as oceans, are removed from this data service (Census Tracts beginning with 99).Percentages and derived counts, and associated margins of error, are calculated values (that can be identified by the "_calc_" stub in the field name), and abide by the specifications defined by the American Community Survey.Field alias names were created based on the Table Shells file available from the American Community Survey Summary File Documentation page.Negative values (e.g., -4444...) have been set to null, with the exception of -5555... which has been set to zero. These negative values exist in the raw API data to indicate the following situations:The margin of error column indicates that either no sample observations or too few sample observations were available to compute a standard error and thus the margin of error. A statistical test is not appropriate.Either no sample observations or too few sample observations were available to compute an estimate, or a ratio of medians cannot be calculated because one or both of the median estimates falls in the lowest interval or upper interval of an open-ended distribution.The median falls in the lowest interval of an open-ended distribution, or in the upper interval of an open-ended distribution. A statistical test is not appropriate.The estimate is controlled. A statistical test for sampling variability is not appropriate.The data for this geographic area cannot be displayed because the number of sample cases is too small.

This is a representation of all primary roads as well as parks and institution roads that the Iowa Department of Transportation has the responsibility to maintain. Each maintenance garage is displayed in a different color to show where one area of responsibility ends and another begins. Updated August 2016. All primary roads that Iowa DOT maintains color-coded by Maintenance Garage.Rizing Segment Analyzer template that updates PRAMS feature class is MAINTENANCElane mile by cost center Bridge. Job execution manager job scheduled weekly to initiate update is Maintenance Cost Center.Workspaces are scheduled weekly to run on FME Server in this order:1 - .../ETL/PRAMS_MAINTENANCE_COST_CENTER_TO_PGIS_MAINTENANCE.fmw/fmejobsubmitterter2 - .../ETL/PRAMS_MAINTENANCE_COST_CENTER_TO_PGIS_WGS84_AGOL.fmw/fmejobsubmitter.

This layer quantifies the yearly economic value of surface water protection provided by forests and wetlands across Maryland. About half of the water supply in Maryland is sourced from reservoirs. Natural lands are exceptionally important in maintaining water quality in reservoirs, reducing the cost to treat the water to water supply standards. This analysis is focused on the five major reservoirs in Maryland, Loch Raven, Liberty, Pretty Boy, Tridelphia, and Rocky Gorge are the major water sources for residents of the densely populated Baltimore-Washington corridor. The forests and wetlands within the watersheds of these reservoirs are of unique economic value, as help to provide clean water, reducing the cost of treatment, and avoiding the cost of expensive water treatment plant upgrades to maintain quality standards. Economic values are based on a number of factors, including the average cost savings of water treatment from having trees in the watershed, the municipal price of water, and the cost avoided of having to upgrade a treatment plant to advanced treatment. The average price was found to be $1.52 per m3 of water. Almost all of this service is concentrated in four counties- Baltimore, Carrol, Howard, and Montgomery, totaling $245 of the $246 million of value yearly.

This data layer was created as part of the Maryland Department of Natural Resources "Accounting for Maryland's Ecosystem Services" program.This is a MD iMAP hosted service. Find more information on https://imap.maryland.gov.Map Service Link: https://geodata.md.gov/imap/rest/services/Environment/MD_EcosystemServices/MapServer/22Download the Ecosystem Services layers at: https://www.dropbox.com/s/e6ovfcc01dxvnmo/EcosystemServices.gdb.zip?dl=0

Charlottesville is well located for onsite solar power energy generation. This dataset shows an estimate of solar energy generation potential for rooftop solar PV systems in Charlottesville, VA. This data was created using LiDAR data, the Area Solar Radiation tool available with the ArcGIS Spatial Analyst extension, and local market estimations for cost and PV panel production potentials.

For more information check out our website, as well as this ESRI page describing the process.

This New Zealand Point Cloud Classification Deep Learning Package will classify point clouds into tree and background classes. This model is optimized to work with New Zealand aerial LiDAR data.The classification of point cloud datasets to identify Trees is useful in applications such as high-quality 3D basemap creation, urban planning, forestry workflows, and planning climate change response.Trees could have a complex irregular geometrical structure that is hard to capture using traditional means. Deep learning models are highly capable of learning these complex structures and giving superior results.This model is designed to extract Tree in both urban and rural area in New Zealand.The Training/Testing/Validation dataset are taken within New Zealand resulting of a high reliability to recognize the pattern of NZ common building architecture.Licensing requirementsArcGIS Desktop - ArcGIS 3D Analyst extension for ArcGIS ProUsing the modelThe model can be used in ArcGIS Pro's Classify Point Cloud Using Trained Model tool. Before using this model, ensure that the supported deep learning frameworks libraries are installed. For more details, check Deep Learning Libraries Installer for ArcGIS.Note: Deep learning is computationally intensive, and a powerful GPU is recommended to process large datasets.InputThe model is trained with classified LiDAR that follows the LINZ base specification. The input data should be similar to this specification.Note: The model is dependent on additional attributes such as Intensity, Number of Returns, etc, similar to the LINZ base specification. This model is trained to work on classified and unclassified point clouds that are in a projected coordinate system, in which the units of X, Y and Z are based on the metric system of measurement. If the dataset is in degrees or feet, it needs to be re-projected accordingly. The model was trained using a training dataset with the full set of points. Therefore, it is important to make the full set of points available to the neural network while predicting - allowing it to better discriminate points of 'class of interest' versus background points. It is recommended to use 'selective/target classification' and 'class preservation' functionalities during prediction to have better control over the classification and scenarios with false positives.The model was trained on airborne lidar datasets and is expected to perform best with similar datasets. Classification of terrestrial point cloud datasets may work but has not been validated. For such cases, this pre-trained model may be fine-tuned to save on cost, time, and compute resources while improving accuracy. Another example where fine-tuning this model can be useful is when the object of interest is tram wires, railway wires, etc. which are geometrically similar to electricity wires. When fine-tuning this model, the target training data characteristics such as class structure, maximum number of points per block and extra attributes should match those of the data originally used for training this model (see Training data section below).OutputThe model will classify the point cloud into the following classes with their meaning as defined by the American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ASPRS) described below: 0 Background 5 Trees / High-vegetationApplicable geographiesThe model is expected to work well in the New Zealand. It's seen to produce favorable results as shown in many regions. However, results can vary for datasets that are statistically dissimilar to training data.Training dataset - Wellington CityTesting dataset - Tawa CityValidation/Evaluation dataset - Christchurch City Dataset City Training Wellington Testing Tawa Validating ChristchurchModel architectureThis model uses the PointCNN model architecture implemented in ArcGIS API for Python.Accuracy metricsThe table below summarizes the accuracy of the predictions on the validation dataset. - Precision Recall F1-score Never Classified 0.991200 0.975404 0.983239 High Vegetation 0.933569 0.975559 0.954102Training dataThis model is trained on classified dataset originally provided by Open TopoGraphy with < 1% of manual labelling and correction.Train-Test split percentage {Train: 80%, Test: 20%} Chosen this ratio based on the analysis from previous epoch statistics which appears to have a descent improvementThe training data used has the following characteristics: X, Y, and Z linear unitMeter Z range-121.69 m to 26.84 m Number of Returns1 to 5 Intensity16 to 65520 Point spacing0.2 ± 0.1 Scan angle-15 to +15 Maximum points per block8192 Block Size20 Meters Class structure[0, 5]Sample resultsModel to classify a dataset with 5pts/m density Christchurch city dataset. The model's performance are directly proportional to the dataset point density and noise exlcuded point clouds.To learn how to use this model, see this story

This publication contains tabular data used to evaluate the effects of fuel treatments and previously burned areas on daily wildland fire management costs. The data represent daily Forest Service fire management costs for a sample of 56 fires that burned between 2008 and 2012 throughout the conterminous United States. Included in the data is a suite of spatially derived variables used to control for variation in daily fire management costs, including topography, fire weather, fuel loading, remoteness, and human populations-at-risk. These data were extracted using daily fire progression maps produced using the methods outlined in Parks (2014).The purpose of these data was to quantify the relationship between daily fire management costs and encounters with fuel treatments and previously burned areas. These data were the primary source of information used to construct empirical models of daily fire management costs.

Areas that have been determined to be eligible for support for broadband and voice service from the FCC’s final Alternative-Connect America Cost Model (A-CAM version 2.3). A-CAM calculates costs per location in all rate-of-return carrier census blocks for the entire country.For more information, see https://www.fcc.gov/maps/a-cam-offer-map/

The Automated Geospatial Watershed Assessment (AGWA) tool is a GIS-based hydrologic modeling tool that uses commonly available GIS data layers to fully parameterize, execute, and spatially visualize results for the RHEM, KINEROS2, KINEROS-OPUS, SWAT2000, and SWAT2005 watershed runoff and erosion models. Accommodating novice to expert GIS users, it is designed to be used by watershed, water resource, land use, and resource managers and scientists investigating the hydrologic impacts of land-cover/land-use change in small watershed to basin-scale studies. AGWA is currently available as AGWA 1.5 for ArcView 3.x, AGWA 2.x for ArcGIS 9.x, and AGWA 3.X for ArcGIS 10.x. Planning and assessment in land and water resource management are evolving from simple, local-scale problems toward complex, spatially explicit regional ones. Such problems have to be addressed with distributed models that can compute runoff and erosion at different spatial and temporal scales. The extensive data requirements and the difficult task of building input parameter files, however, have long represented an obstacle to the timely and cost-effective use of such complex models by resource managers. The USDA- ARS Southwest Watershed Research Center, in cooperation with the U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development Landscape Ecology Branch, the University of Arizona, and the University of Wyoming, has developed a GIS tool to facilitate this process. A geographic information system (GIS) provides the framework within which spatially-distributed data are collected and used to prepare model input files and evaluate model results. AGWA uses widely available standardized spatial datasets that can be obtained via the internet. The data are used to develop input parameter files for two watershed runoff and erosion models: KINEROS2 and SWAT.

Alaska Energy Authority Power Cost Equalization (PCE) program by community. The power cost equalization program supports rural Alaskans who live in areas where energy costs are significantly higher than urban areas in meeting the cost of electricity."AEA determines eligibility of community facilities and residential customers and authorizes payment to the electric utility. Commercial customers are not eligible to receive PCE credit. Participating utilities are required to reduce each eligible customer’s bill by the amount that the State pays for PCE. RCA determines if a utility is eligible to participate in the program and calculates the amount of PCE per kWh payable to the utility. More information about the RCA may be found at www.state.ak.us/rca."(AEA, 2017)Source: Alaska Energy AuthorityThis data has been visualized in a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) format and is provided as a service in the DCRA Information Portal by the Alaska Department of Commerce, Community, and Economic Development Division of Community and Regional Affairs (SOA DCCED DCRA), Research and Analysis section. SOA DCCED DCRA Research and Analysis is not the authoritative source for this data - it has been primarily compiled from AEA PCE Fiscal Year Utility Report PDFs. For more information and for questions about this data, see: AEA Power Cost Equalization