This dataset combines the work of several different projects to create a seamless data set for the contiguous United States. Data from four regional Gap Analysis Projects and the LANDFIRE project were combined to make this dataset. In the northwestern United States (Idaho, Oregon, Montana, Washington and Wyoming) data in this map came from the Northwest Gap Analysis Project. In the southwestern United States (Colorado, Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah) data used in this map came from the Southwest Gap Analysis Project. The data for Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, North Carolina, South Carolina, Mississippi, Tennessee, and Virginia came from the Southeast Gap Analysis Project and the California data was generated by the updated California Gap land cover project. The Hawaii Gap Analysis project provided the data for Hawaii. In areas of the county (central U.S., Northeast, Alaska) that have not yet been covered by a regional Gap Analysis Project, data from the Landfire project was used. Similarities in the methods used by these projects made possible the combining of the data they derived into one seamless coverage. They all used multi-season satellite imagery (Landsat ETM+) from 1999-2001 in conjunction with digital elevation model (DEM) derived datasets (e.g. elevation, landform) to model natural and semi-natural vegetation. Vegetation classes were drawn from NatureServe's Ecological System Classification (Comer et al. 2003) or classes developed by the Hawaii Gap project. Additionally, all of the projects included land use classes that were employed to describe areas where natural vegetation has been altered. In many areas of the country these classes were derived from the National Land Cover Dataset (NLCD). For the majority of classes and, in most areas of the country, a decision tree classifier was used to discriminate ecological system types. In some areas of the country, more manual techniques were used to discriminate small patch systems and systems not distinguishable through topography. The data contains multiple levels of thematic detail. At the most detailed level natural vegetation is represented by NatureServe's Ecological System classification (or in Hawaii the Hawaii GAP classification). These most detailed classifications have been crosswalked to the five highest levels of the National Vegetation Classification (NVC), Class, Subclass, Formation, Division and Macrogroup. This crosswalk allows users to display and analyze the data at different levels of thematic resolution. Developed areas, or areas dominated by introduced species, timber harvest, or water are represented by other classes, collectively refered to as land use classes; these land use classes occur at each of the thematic levels. Raster data in both ArcGIS Grid and ERDAS Imagine format is available for download at http://gis1.usgs.gov/csas/gap/viewer/land_cover/Map.aspx Six layer files are included in the download packages to assist the user in displaying the data at each of the Thematic levels in ArcGIS. In adition to the raster datasets the data is available in Web Mapping Services (WMS) format for each of the six NVC classification levels (Class, Subclass, Formation, Division, Macrogroup, Ecological System) at the following links. http://gis1.usgs.gov/arcgis/rest/services/gap/GAP_Land_Cover_NVC_Class_Landuse/MapServer http://gis1.usgs.gov/arcgis/rest/services/gap/GAP_Land_Cover_NVC_Subclass_Landuse/MapServer http://gis1.usgs.gov/arcgis/rest/services/gap/GAP_Land_Cover_NVC_Formation_Landuse/MapServer http://gis1.usgs.gov/arcgis/rest/services/gap/GAP_Land_Cover_NVC_Division_Landuse/MapServer http://gis1.usgs.gov/arcgis/rest/services/gap/GAP_Land_Cover_NVC_Macrogroup_Landuse/MapServer http://gis1.usgs.gov/arcgis/rest/services/gap/GAP_Land_Cover_Ecological_Systems_Landuse/MapServer

This data set was developed to provide geologic map GIS of the Coeur d'Alene 1:100,000 quadrangle for use in future spatial analysis by a variety of users. These data can be printed in a variety of ways to display various geologic features or used for digital analysis and modeling. This database is not meant to be used or displayed at any scale larger than 1:100,000 (e.g. 1:62,500 or 1:24,000).

The digital geologic map of the Coeur d'Alene 1:100,000 quadrangle was compiled from preliminary digital datasets [Athol, Coeur d'Alene, Kellogg, Kingston, Lakeview, Lane, and Spirit Lake 15-minute quadrangles] prepared by the Idaho Geological Survey from A. B. Griggs (unpublished field maps), supplemented by Griggs (1973) and by digital data from Bookstrom and others (1999) and Derkey and others (1996). The digital geologic map database can be queried in many ways to produce a variety of derivative geologic maps.

This GIS consists of two major Arc/Info data sets: one line and polygon file (cda100k) containing geologic contacts and structures (lines) and geologic map rock units (polygons), and one point file (cda100kp) containing structural data.

The African surficial lithology dataset is a map of parent materials - a mix of bedrock geology and unconsolidated surficial materials classes. The goal was to produce a map that reflected the key geological parent materials which act as primary determinants in the distribution of African vegetation /ecosystems. It is a compilation and reclassification of twelve digital geology, soil and lithology databases. Nineteen surficial lithology classes were delineated in Africa based on geology, soil and landform. Whenever available, multiple sources of ancillary digital data, hard copy maps and literature were reviewed to assist in the reclassification of the source data to the African surficial lithology classification. Of particular note, due to the varying spatial and classification resolutions of the geologic source data, the African surficial lithology map varies in spatial complexity and classification detail across Africa. Purpose: The African surficial lithology data was developed as a primary input dataset for an African Ecological Footprint mapping project undertaken by the U.S. Geological Survey and The Nature Conservancy. The project used a biophysical stratification approach which was based on mapping the major structural components of ecosystems (land surface forms, lithology, isobioclimates and biogeographic regions). These unique physical components, which are considered as the fundamental building blocks of ecosystems, were reviewed by regional vegetation and landscape ecology experts and used in a classification and regression tree (CART) inductive model to map intermediate scale African ecosystems.

This data layer contains the Province-level physiographic subdivisions of Maryland in ArcGIS format. The file was developed from components of a detailed digital physiographic map of Maryland by James P. Reger and Emery T. Cleaves, currently in progress. Physiography is the study and classification of the natural landscape of the earth and the landforms that comprise it. The approach for the detailed physiographic map of Maryland is hierarchical and descriptive. Subdivisions are based on similarities (within) and differences (among) geologic structure, rock type, geomorphic history, and topographic characteristics. Data and subdivisions were compiled at a 1:100,000 scale for the detailed state-wide map. The hierarchical classification of the detailed physiographic map (in progress) includes subdivisions as follows, in descending order (and generally decreasing size): Province, Section, Region, District, Area. In Maryland there are portions of five physiographic Provinces. In this file, the polygons reflect Province level subdivision. The polygon feature attribute table has been developed to pertain only to the Provinces level. The table includes information on dominant rock types, geologic structure, topographic relief, and drainage pattern. This is a MD iMAP hosted service layer. Find more information at https://imap.maryland.gov.Feature Service Layer Link:https://mdgeodata.md.gov/imap/rest/services/Geoscientific/MD_Geology/MapServer/1

Mineral Land Classification studies are produced by the State Geologist as specified by the Surface Mining and Reclamation Act (SMARA, PRC 2710 et seq.) of 1975. To address mineral resource conservation, SMARA mandated a two-phase process called classification-designation. Classification is carried out by the State Geologist and designation is a function of the State Mining and Geology Board. The classification studies contained here evaluate the mineral resources and present this information in the form of Mineral Resource Zones. The objective of the classification-designation process is to ensure, through appropriate local lead agency policies and procedures, that mineral materials will be available when needed and do not become inaccessible as a result of inadequate information during the land-use decision-making process.

This is a MD iMAP hosted service layer. Find more information at http://imap.maryland.gov. This data layer contains the Province-level physiographic subdivisions of Maryland in ArcGIS format. The file was developed from components of a detailed digital physiographic map of Maryland by James P. Reger and Emery T. Cleaves - currently in progress. Physiography is the study and classification of the natural landscape of the earth and the landforms that comprise it. The approach for the detailed physiographic map of Maryland is hierarchical and descriptive. Subdivisions are based on similarities (within) and differences (among) geologic structure - rock type - geomorphic history - and topographic characteristics. Data and subdivisions were compiled at a 1:100 - 000 scale for the detailed state-wide map. The hierarchical classification of the detailed physiographic map (in progress) includes subdivisions as follows - in descending order (and generally decreasing size): Province - Section - Region - District - Area. In Maryland there are portions of five physiographic Provinces. In this file - the polygons reflect Province level subdivision. The polygon feature attribute table has been developed to pertain only to the Provinces level. The table includes information on dominant rock types - geologic structure - topographic relief - and drainage pattern.Physiography is the study and classification of the natural landscape of the earth and the landforms that comprise it. The approach for the detailed physiographic map of Maryland is hierarchical and descriptive. Subdivisions are based on similarities (within) and differences (among) geologic structure - rock type - geomorphic history - and topographic characteristics. Data and subdivisions were compiled at a 1:100 - 000 scale for the detailed state-wide map. The hierarchical classification of the detailed physiographic map (in progress) includes subdivisions as follows - in descending order (and generally decreasing size): Province - Section - Region - District - Area. In Maryland there are portions of five physiographic Provinces. In this file - the polygons reflect Province level subdivision. The polygon feature attribute table has been developed to pertain only to the Provinces level. The table includes information on dominant rock types - geologic structure - topographic relief - and drainage pattern. Last Updated: Feature Service Layer Link: https://mdgeodata.md.gov/imap/rest/services/Geoscientific/MD_Geology/MapServer ADDITIONAL LICENSE TERMS: The Spatial Data and the information therein (collectively "the Data") is provided "as is" without warranty of any kind either expressed implied or statutory. The user assumes the entire risk as to quality and performance of the Data. No guarantee of accuracy is granted nor is any responsibility for reliance thereon assumed. In no event shall the State of Maryland be liable for direct indirect incidental consequential or special damages of any kind. The State of Maryland does not accept liability for any damages or misrepresentation caused by inaccuracies in the Data or as a result to changes to the Data nor is there responsibility assumed to maintain the Data in any manner or form. The Data can be freely distributed as long as the metadata entry is not modified or deleted. Any data derived from the Data must acknowledge the State of Maryland in the metadata.

Data shown here were gathered through a comprehensive state waters mapping program managed by the California State Coastal Conservancy, Ocean Protection Council, California Department of Fish and Game, and the NOAA National Marine Sanctuary Program. The ultimate goal of this program is the creation of a high-resolution 1:24,000 scale geologic and habitat base map series covering all of California's 14,500 km2 state waters out to the 3 mile limit. The benthic substrate classifications provided here are not derived through traditional geologic interpretations, but are algorithmically defined using seafloor roughness (rugosity analysis) as a proxy for determining areas likely to consist of rocky reef with significant relief and sandy bottoms with lower relief. This method is used for the practical purposes of broadly generalizing habitats for MPA planning and expedient delivery of information to the MLPA Initiative process. For the sake of simplicity, the categories are called "hard" and "soft", however the limitations of the classification methods should be considered when using these terms. Note that results derived using the approach above may be confounded by factors including noise and artifacts from the original mapping data, steep slopes, and unusual geomorphic features. One consideration is that some areas where rocky bottom occurs may be underestimated by the "rough" category, including canyon slopes, deep water, and rock that is smooth, plateau-like, and/or lightly draped with sediment. While it is important to recognize the above considerations, this information should be considered in the MLPA Initiative process as the best readily available scientific data.Additional data were suplemented to fill data gaps in the shallow nearshore zone where bathymetric survey data were not available. Where available, classified benthic substrates from multispectral aerial images were used from Ocean Imaging and/or San Diego Association of Governments (SanDAG). These data are avaialbe for Anacapa Island, Santa Cruz Island, San Miguel Island, Santa Rosa Island and the San Diego area. Where neither bathymetric data nor multispectral data were available, kelp canopy survey data from the California Department of Fish and Wildlife were used as a proxy for hard substrate. Kelp data were from 1989, 1999, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 and 2006. Some areas of data in the offshore areas of the northern Channel Islands, San Nicolas Island and San Clemente Island were filled in with coarse substrate classifications derived from Geology of the California Continental Margin: Geologic Map Series a 1:250k geologic map series completed in 1987.

Abstract

This dataset and its metadata statement were supplied to the Bioregional Assessment Programme by a third party and are presented here as originally supplied.

This dataset was sourced from the Queensland Department of Natural Resources and Mines in 2012. Information provided by the Department describes the dataset as follows:

This data was originally provided on DVD and contains the converted shapefiles, layer files, raster images and project .mxd files used on the Queensland geology and structural framework map. The maps were done in ArcGIS 9.3.1 and the data stored in file geodatabases, topology created and validated. This provides greater data quality by performing topological validation on the feature's spatial relationships. For the purposes of the DVD, shapefiles were created from the file geodatabases and for MapInfo users MapInfo .tab and .wor files. The shapefiles on the DVD are a revision of the 1975 Queensland geology data, and are both are available for display, query and download on the department's online GIS application.

The Queensland geology map is a digital representation of the distribution or extent of geological units within Queensland. In the GIS, polygons have a range of attributes including unit name, type of unit, age, lithological description, dominant rock type, and an abbreviated symbol for use in labelling the polygons. The lines in this dataset are a digital representation of the position of the boundaries of geological units and other linear features such as faults and folds. The lines are attributed with a description of the type of line represented. Approximately 2000 rock units were grouped into the 250 map units in this data set. The digital data was generalised and simplified from the Department's detailed geological data and was captured at 1:500 000 scale for output at 1:2 000 000 scale.

In the ESRI version, a layer file is provided which presents the units in the colours and patterns used on the printed hard copy map. For Map Info users, a simplified colour palette is provided without patterns. However a georeferenced image of the hard copy map is included and can be displayed as a background in both Arc Map and Map Info.

The geological framework of Queensland is classified by structural or tectonic unit (provinces and basins) in which the rocks formed. These are referred to as basins (or in some cases troughs and depressions) where the original form and structure are still apparent. Provinces (and subprovinces) are generally older basins that have been strongly tectonised and/or metamorphosed so that the original basin extent and form are no longer preserved. Note that intrusive and some related volcanic rocks that overlap these provinces and basins have not been included in this classification. The map was compiled using boundaries modified and generalised from the 1:2 000 000 Queensland Geology map (2012). Outlines of subsurface basins are also shown and these are based on data and published interpretations from petroleum exploration and geophysical surveys (seismic, gravity and magnetics).

For the structural framework dataset, two versions are provided. In QLD_STRUCTURAL_FRAMEWORK, polygons are tagged with the name of the surface structural unit, and names of underlying units are imbedded in a text string in the HIERARCHY field. In QLD_STRUCTURAL_FRAMEWORK_MULTI_POLYS, the data is structured into a series of overlapping, multi-part polygons, one for each structural unit. Two layer files are provided with the ESRI data, one where units are symbolised by name. Because the dataset has been designed for units display in the order of superposition, this layer file assigns colours to the units that occur at the surface with concealed units being left uncoloured. Another layer file symbolises them by the orogen of which they are part. A similar set of palettes has been provided for Map Info.

Dataset History

Details on the source data can be found in the xml file associated with data layer.

Data in this release

\*ESRI.shp and MapInfo .tab files of rock unit polygons and lines with associated layer attributes of Queensland geology

\*ESRI.shp and MapInfo .tab files of structural unit polygons and lines with associated layer attributes of structural framework

\*ArcMap .mxd and .lyr files and MapInfo .wor files containing symbology

\*Georeferenced Queensland geology map, gravity and magnetic images

\*Queensland geology map, structural framework and schematic diagram PDF files

\*Data supplied in geographical coordinates (latitude/longitude) based on Geocentric Datum of Australia - GDA94

Accessing the data

Programs exist for the viewing and manipulation of the digital spatial data contained on this DVD. Accessing the digital datasets will require GIS software. The following GIS viewers can be downloaded from the internet. ESRI ArcExplorer can be found by a search of www.esriaustralia.com.au and MapInfo ProViewer by a search on www.pbinsight.com.au collectively ("the websites").

Metadata

Metadata is contained in .htm files placed in the root folder of each vector data folder. For ArcMap users metadata for viewing in ArcCatalog is held in an .xml file with each shapefile within the ESRI Shapefile folders.

Disclaimer

The State of Queensland is not responsible for the privacy practices or the content of the websites and makes no statements, representations, or warranties about the content or accuracy or completeness of, any information or products contained on the websites.

Despite our best efforts, the State of Queensland makes no warranties that the information or products available on the websites are free from infection by computer viruses or other contamination.

The State of Queensland disclaims all responsibility and all liability (including without limitation, liability in negligence) for all expenses, losses, damages and costs you might incur as a result of accessing the websites or using the products available on the websites in any way, and for any reason.

The State of Queensland has included the websites in this document as an information source only. The State of Queensland does not promote or endorse the websites or the programs contained on them in any way.

WARNING: The Queensland Government and the Department of Natural Resources and Mines accept no liability for and give no undertakings, guarantees or warranties concerning the accuracy, completeness or fitness for the purposes of the information provided. The consumer must take all responsible steps to protect the data from unauthorised use, reproduction, distribution or publication by other parties.

Please view the 'readme.html' and 'licence.html' file for further, more complete information

Dataset Citation

Geological Survey of Queensland (2012) Queensland geology and structural framework - GIS data July 2012. Bioregional Assessment Source Dataset. Viewed 07 December 2018, http://data.bioregionalassessments.gov.au/dataset/69da6301-04c1-4993-93c1-4673f3e22762.

Abstract This dataset is a subset of Surface Geology of Australia 2012,1:2.5M Scale symbolised by lithology classification. Attributes include summary geological information for each unit polygon, and metadata about the capture and recommended portrayal of the polygons. The 1:2.5M scale geology of Australia data documents the distribution and age of major stratigraphic, intrusive and medium to high-grade metamorphic rock units of onshore Australia. This edition contains the same geological content as previous editions (1998 to 2010), but is structured according to Geoscience Australia's 2012 data standards. The dataset was compiled to use at scales between 1:2,500,000 and 1:5,000,000 inclusive. The units distinguished/mapped mainly represent stratigraphic supergroups, regional intrusive associations and regional metamorphic complexes. Groupings of Precambrian units in the time-space diagram are generally separated by major time breaks; Phanerozoic units are grouped according to stratigraphic age i.e. System/Period. The time-space diagram has the added benefit that it provides a summary of units currently included on the themes. The method used to distinguish sedimentary and many volcanic units varies for each geological eon as follows:

Cenozoic units are morphological units which emphasise the relationship of the sedimentary fill to the landscape; Mesozoic units are regionally extensive to continent-wide time-rock units which emphasise the System of Period(s); Paleozoic units are stratotectonic units that emphasise either the dominant System or Period(s) or the range of Periods; Proterozoic units are commonly regional stratotectonic units - separated by major time breaks and split into the Paleoproterozoic, Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic Eras - which are generally unique to each cratonic region; and Archean units are regional lithological units grouped into broad time divisions.

Metamorphic units are lithological units which emphasise the metamorphic facies and timing of the last major metamorphic event. Igneous units are regional units which emphasise the dominant lithology and are grouped into broad time divisions. Currency Date modified: December 2014 Modification frequency: As needed Data extent Spatial extent North: -8.8819° South: -47.1937° East: 163.1921° West: 109.2335° Source information Geoscience Australia catalog entry: Surface Geology of Australia 1:2.5 million scale dataset 2012 edition Lineage statement The geological content of the 2012 edition of the 1:2.5M surface geology of Australia is the same as the previous 2010 edition (ANZLIC dataset ID = ANZCW0703013817), restructured to comply with 2012 Geoscience Australia and international data standards. The original data was compiled from digital data, mainly at 1:2 500 000 scale, supplied by AGSO, GSWA, NTGS, PIRSA, GSQ, GSTAS, GSNSW and GSVIC and from data obtained from many other groups. In order to synthesise data from a variety of sources into a coherent product, the degree and nature of modification of the source data varied from case to case. Cenozoic and Mesozoic units were derived from sources, including the Cenozoic Paleogeographic Atlas of Australia (Landford et al., 1995), the Geology of Australia 1986 and a compilation of Cenozoic basins in the Alice Springs region by B.R. Senior et al. (AGSO Record 1994/66). The Phanerozoic units of southeastern Australia are substantially a modification of the 1:2 500 000 scale map entitled "Stratotectonic and Structural Elements of the Tasman Fold Belt System". The geology of Tasmania is a generalisation of data assembled as part of the TASGO project (a GSTAS and AGSO/AGCRC venture completed in 1997). The geology of South Australia is a highly generalised modification of the 1993 1:2 000 000 scale Geological Map of South Australia. For the Precambrian compilation, much of the geology of Western Australia has been derived from the Geological Map of Western Australia, 1988 with some modifications. The geology of the Kimberley, Halls Creek, Tanami and Arunta regions has been updated in line with recent mapping and some input from magnetic interpretation to emphasise relationships with the Tanami region. The geology of the Amadeus region has been generalised from the 1:1 000 000 scale "Structural Map of the Amadeus Basin" (Compiler A.J. Stewart). The geology of the Musgrave region has been re-compiled and simplified. The geology of North Queensland has been generalised by D. Palfreyman and D. Pillinger from the "North Qld Geology, 1997" 1:1 000 000 scale map (compilers J.H.C. Bain & D. Haipola). Data dictionary

Attribute name Description

mapSymbol Letter symbol or code representing the geologic unit

plotSymbol Letter symbol or code representing the geologic unit for display on a map. May be a simplified version of mapSymbol

stratno Unique unit number from the Australian Stratigraphic Units Database

name Name of the geologic unit

description Text description of the geologic unit

geologicUnitType The type of geologic unit. (eg, lithostratigraphic, chronostratigraphic, etc) Term from a controlled vocabulary.

geologicUnitType_uri URI link to a controlled vocabulary term for geologic unit type

geologicHistory Text summary description of the geologic history of the geologic unit

representativeAge_uri URI link to a controlled vocabulary term for the representative summary age for the geologic unit

representativeYoungerAge_uri URI link to a controlled vocabulary term for the older named age for the geologic unit

representativeOlderAge_uri URI link to a controlled vocabulary term for the younger named age for the geologic unit

lithology A summary description of the lithological composition of the geologic unit

representativeLithology_uri URI link to a controlled vocabulary term for the primary lithological composition of the geologic unit

bodyMorphology Description of the type of occurrence of the geologic unit (eg, pluton, dyke, sill, markerbed, vein, etc)

observationMethod Description of the observation method or compilation method used compile the mapped geologic unit

identityConfidence Description of the confidence in the interpretation of the geologic unit

source Text describing feature-specific details and citations to source materials, and if available providing URLs to reference material and publications describing the geologic feature. This could be a short text synopsis of key information that would also be in the metadata record referenced by metadata_uri.

metadata_uri URI referring to a metadata record describing the provenance of data.

mappingFrame Description of the frame of reference of the mapped data (eg, earth surface, top of bedrock, top of Neoproterozoic basement)

resolutionScale The denominator of the scale at which the mapped data is designed to be represented

captureScale The denominator of the scale of data from which the mapped feature has been compiled

captureDate The date of original data capture for this mapped feature Metadata Statement - Surface Geology of Australia, 1:2.5 million scale, 2012 edition 6

modifiedDate The date of modification of this mapped feature, if applicable

plotRank A numeric indicator of the intention for how this mapped feature is to be plotted on a map. (1 = normal plotting feature; 2 = non-plotting feature)

mappedFeatureID Unique identifier (URI) for the mapped line segment

geologicUnitID Unique identifier (URI) for the geologic unit

Contact Geoscience Australia, clientservices@ga.gov.au

This dataset consists of a digital geologic map for the state of Colorado. This geologic map was prepared as a part of a study of digital methods and techniques as applied to complex geologic maps. The geologic map was digitized from the original scribe sheets used to prepare the published Geologic Map of Colorado (Tweto 1979). Consequently the digital version is at 1:500,000 scale using the Lambert Conformal Conic map projection parameters of the state base map. Stable base contact prints of the scribe sheets were scanned on a Tektronix 4991 digital scanner. The scanner automatically converts the scanned image to an ASCII vector format. These vectors were transferred to a VAX minicomputer, where they were then loaded into ARC/INFO. Each vector and polygon was given attributes derived from the original 1979 geologic map. To rebuild the database, copy the contents of the following directory to your Arc/Info platform:

http://geo-nsdi.er.usgs.gov/metadata/open-file/92-507/metadata.html

and then run the AML "LOAD.AML".

Syria is located in the north of the Arabian Peninsula and is one of the Middle East countries that are rich with natural resources (water, oil, gas and vegetation). This study deals with this issue by applying remote sensing and GIS to build up a geodatabase, and subsequently, geological investigation, geological mapping, and an evaluation of the Euphrates water, and aims to give suitable suggestions and management methods for this region of vital importance to the population of Syria. The study area is located between Latitude 35º - 37º north and Longitude 38º - 42º east; the structure situation of which is very complex. This study relied on available data such as remote sensing (8Landsat ETM 2007, Landsat MSS 1975, Spot 2005 and Aster 2008), a digital elevation model DEM, meteorological, geomorphological, lithological, hydrological, hydrogeological and chemical data. The eight Landsat ETM images were pre-processed, georeferenced and mosaicked. Spot and Aster images were georeferenced as image to image. Suitable digital image processing methods were implemented to enhance the satellite data. After the above processing steps, two supervised classification algorithms, Maximum likelihood classification (MLC) and Minimum distance were applied to both the Landsat ETM 2007 and Landsat MSS 1975 data. The evalutaion showed that the MLC has represented the higher accuracy with 76.92 %. The lithological units have been delineated and compared with the old geological maps and a digital geological map on a scale of 1:200,000 was produced. Fifty seven water samples from Euphrates river, wells and drainage channels have been analysed chemically in order to evaluate the water and check its suitability for portable water. The study has shown that the Euphrates water is suitable for drinking and irrigation. Fifty four topographic maps based on the scale of 1:50,000 were used in the study. The maps were georeferenced and the contour lines with the interval of 5 m were digitized and the contour map was created. A drainage map was also created from the topographic maps. To diminish the loss of water by evaporation and to protect the river from the risk of floods, four dams have been proposed to be constructed. A Data bank was constructed by ArcGis and PgAdmin softwares and connected with the web mapping server.

Bedrock Geology Set is a 1:50,000-scale, polygon and line feature-based layer describing the solid material that underlies the soil or other unconsolidated material of the earth for Connecticut. Bedrock geologic formations are described as polygons in terms of formation name (incorporating geologic age), rock type, and tectonic terrane association. Tectonic forces are responsible for the present day geologic configuration of the continents. Resulting terranes are regionally fault bounded rocks of a similar tectonic history. Each terrane is named after its plate tectonics ancestry. Geologic lines include contacts, faults, and terrane boundaries. Terrane boundaries are named for the faults involved. The geologic contacts and faults are delineated and classified by type. Polygon feature attribute information is comprised of codes to identify individual bedrock geologic units, their formation name, description and size. Line feature attributes identify, name and describe bedrock contacts, faults and terrane boundaries between these bedrock geologic units. Data is compiled at 1:50,000 scale and is not updated. A complete description of the bedrock mapping units with mineralogical descriptions and a brief history of Connecticut geology are included in the Supplemental Information Section for reference.

Connecticut Bedrock Geology is a 1:50,000-scale, polygon and line feature-based layer describing the solid material that underlies the soil or other unconsolidated material of the earth for Connecticut. Bedrock geologic formations are described as polygons in terms of formation name (incorporating geologic age), rock type, and tectonic terrane association. Tectonic forces are responsible for the present day geologic configuration of the continents. Resulting terranes are regionally fault bounded rocks of a similar tectonic history. Each terrane is named after its plate tectonics ancestry. Geologic lines include contacts, faults, and terrane boundaries. Terrane boundaries are named for the faults involved. The geologic contacts and faults are delineated and classified by type. Polygon feature attribute information is comprised of codes to identify individual bedrock geologic units, their formation name, description and size. Line feature attributes identify, name and describe bedrock contacts, faults and terrane boundaries between these bedrock geologic units. Data is compiled at 1:50,000 scale and is not updated. A complete description of the bedrock mapping units with mineralogical descriptions and a brief history of Connecticut geology are included in the Supplemental Information Section for reference.

The supplementary zip file contains several files and folders. There is a pdf file inside the zip file which describes where each file can be found. These data include, but are not limited to the following items:- The ArcGIS shapefile (.shp) which shows the study area;- The classification map produced by the mapping method introduced in the article for classifying carbonate rocks into dolomite and calcite in the study area (in shapefile format);- A lithologic map of the study area (in shapefile format);- The high-resolution spectra of rock samples collected during fieldwork (in ENVI spectral library format);- A compilation of the spectral materials downloaded from ASTER spectral library (in ENVI spectral library format). These spectra include that of dolomite, calcite, limestone, dolostone, epidote, vegetation, shale, and soil.

Abstract

The dataset was derived by the Bioregional Assessment Programme from multiple the Queensland geology and structural framework dataset. The source dataset is identified in the Lineage field in this metadata statement. The processes undertaken to produce this derived dataset are described in the History field in this metadata statement.

This dataset contains a polygon shapefile of the Belyando Basin province boundary. The Belyando Basin underlies the eastern margin of the Galilee subregion. Extracted from the QLD Geology and Structural Framework of 2012 - the abstract of which is below.

The data on this DVD contains the converted shapefiles, layer files, raster images and project .mxd files used on the Queensland geology and structural framework map. The maps were done in ArcGIS 9.3.1 and the data stored in file geodatabases, topology created and validated. This provides greater data quality by performing topological validation on the feature's spatial relationships. For the purposes of the DVD, shapefiles were created from the file geodatabases and for MapInfo users MapInfo .tab and .wor files. The shapefiles on the DVD are a revision of the 1975 Queensland geology data, and are both are available for display, query and download on the department's online GIS application.

The Queensland geology map is a digital representation of the distribution or extent of geological units within Queensland. In the GIS, polygons have a range of attributes including unit name, type of unit, age, lithological description, dominant rock type, and an abbreviated symbol for use in labelling the polygons. The lines in this dataset are a digital representation of the position of the boundaries of geological units and other linear features such as faults and folds. The lines are attributed with a description of the type of line represented. Approximately 2000 rock units were grouped into the 250 map units in this data set. The digital data was generalised and simplified from the Department's detailed geological data and was captured at 1:500 000 scale for output at 1:2 000 000 scale.

The geological framework of Queensland is classified by structural or tectonic unit (provinces and basins) in which the rocks formed. These are referred to as basins (or in some cases troughs and depressions) where the original form and structure are still apparent. Provinces (and subprovinces) are generally older basins that have been strongly tectonised and/or metamorphosed so that the original basin extent and form are no longer preserved. Note that intrusive and some related volcanic rocks that overlap these provinces and basins have not been included in this classification. The map was compiled using boundaries modified and generalised from the 1:2 000 000 Queensland Geology map (2012). Outlines of subsurface basins are also shown and these are based on data and published interpretations from petroleum exploration and geophysical surveys (seismic, gravity and magnetics).

For the structural framework dataset, two versions are provided. In QLD_STRUCTURAL_FRAMEWORK, polygons are tagged with the name of the surface structural unit, and names of underlying units are imbedded in a text string in the HIERARCHY field. In QLD_STRUCTURAL_FRAMEWORK_MULTI_POLYS, the data is structured into a series of overlapping, multi-part polygons, one for each structural unit. Two layer files are provided with the ESRI data, one where units are symbolised by name. Because the dataset has been designed for units display in the order of superposition, this layer file assigns colours to the units that occur at the surface with concealed units being left uncoloured. Another layer file symbolises them by the orogen of which they are part. A similar set of palettes has been provided for Map Info.

Purpose

This dataset provides a single, merged representation of the Belyando Basin as interpreted by the QLD Geology and Structural Framework of 2012

Dataset History

This dataset has been extracted directly from the QLD Geology and Structural Framework: QLD_STRUCTURAL_FRAMEWORK.shp.

1. Features with the following 'Heirarchy' attributes were selected and extracted:

a) Galilee Basin>Drummond Basin>Belyando Basin>Thomson Orogen

b) Eromanga Basin>Galilee Basin>Drummond Basin>Belyando Basin>Thomson Orogen

c) Drummond Basin>Belyando Basin>Thomson Orogen

d) Galilee Basin>Drummond Basin>Belyando Basin>Thomson Orogen

1. Features were merged together to produce the Belyando Basin province.

The lineage of the QLD Geology and Structural Framework is below:

Data in this release

*ESRI.shp and MapInfo .tab files of rock unit polygons and lines with associated layer attributes of Queensland geology

*ESRI.shp and MapInfo .tab files of structural unit polygons and lines with associated layer attributes of structural framework

*ArcMap .mxd and .lyr files and MapInfo .wor files containing symbology

*Georeferenced Queensland geology map, gravity and magnetic images

*Queensland geology map, structural framework and schematic diagram PDF files

*Data supplied in geographical coordinates (latitude/longitude) based on Geocentric Datum of Australia - GDA94

Accessing the data

Programs exist for the viewing and manipulation of the digital spatial data contained on this DVD. Accessing the digital datasets will require GIS software. The following GIS viewers can be downloaded from the internet. ESRI ArcExplorer can be found by a search of www.esriaustralia.com.au and MapInfo ProViewer by a search on www.pbinsight.com.au collectively ("the websites").

Metadata

Metadata is contained in .htm files placed in the root folder of each vector data folder. For ArcMap users metadata for viewing in ArcCatalog is held in an .xml file with each shapefile within the ESRI Shapefile folders.

Disclaimer

The State of Queensland is not responsible for the privacy practices or the content of the websites and makes no statements, representations, or warranties about the content or accuracy or completeness of, any information or products contained on the websites.

Despite our best efforts, the State of Queensland makes no warranties that the information or products available on the websites are free from infection by computer viruses or other contamination.

The State of Queensland disclaims all responsibility and all liability (including without limitation, liability in negligence) for all expenses, losses, damages and costs you might incur as a result of accessing the websites or using the products available on the websites in any way, and for any reason.

The State of Queensland has included the websites in this document as an information source only. The State of Queensland does not promote or endorse the websites or the programs contained on them in any way.

WARNING: The Queensland Government and the Department of Natural Resources and Mines accept no liability for and give no undertakings, guarantees or warranties concerning the accuracy, completeness or fitness for the purposes of the information provided. The consumer must take all responsible steps to protect the data from unauthorised use, reproduction, distribution or publication by other parties.

Dataset Citation

Bioregional Assessment Programme (XXXX) Belyando Basin Boundary - QLD Structural Framework. Bioregional Assessment Derived Dataset. Viewed 07 December 2018, http://data.bioregionalassessments.gov.au/dataset/4add856a-eb40-4bb2-bd41-f89788884782.

Dataset Ancestors

• Derived From Queensland geology and structural framework - GIS data July 2012

Dave Gardner was on Heard Island in January and February 2000 as part of the 2000 ANARE. Opportunistic use was made of the the differential gps system to take accurate locations of 16 points identified from the 1987 aerial photography, so that they could be used as reference points for merging the photographs into an accurate photo mosaic.

Around the station and to the NE it was easy to identify features from the photographs with confidence. To the west of the station the topography and features of the azorella wallows had changed significant and it was not possible to identify features with confidence.

Dog/sledging tracks in the Mawson region between 1954-1970. Mapped at 1:3250000 and the Casey region in 1967 mapped at 1:1250000.

This data layer, which focuses on benthic communities, was developed as part of a cooperative project between the University of New Haven, the Connecticut DEP, and the U.S. Geological Survey. Benthic communities are an integral component of the ecology of Long Island Sound. Understanding the role that spatial heterogeneity plays in the dynamic of benthic landscapes may be a key to developing a better understanding of the estuarine ecology and the impacts of human activity. The purpose of providing this data layer is to help establish a regional framework for developing a more extensive GIS for benthic communities in Long Island Sound that can be used for education, research, and environmental management.

This GIS layer provides the location where samples were taken in a survey conducted by R.N. Reid, et al (1979).

This hosted feature layer has been published in RI State Plane Feet NAD 83 This is a statewide, seamless digital dataset of the land cover/land use for the State of Rhode Island derived using automated and semi-automated methods and is based on orthophotography captured in spring 2011. The project area encompasses the State of Rhode Island and also extends 1/2 mile into the neighboring states of Connecticut and Massachusetts, or to the limits of the source orthophotography. Geographic feature accuracy meets the National Mapping Standards for 1:5000 scale mapping with respect to base level data (roads, hydrography, and orthos). The minimum mapping unit for this dataset is 0.5 acre.The land use classification scheme used for these data was based on the same Anderson Level III modified coding schema used in previous land use datasets in Rhode Island (1988 & 2003/2004). To provide a statewide dataset representing land cover/land use. The dataset is also intended to be incorporated into the Rhode Island Geographic Information System database for use by federal, state and local government and made available to the general public. The intention of this dataset is to serve as an update to the 2003/2004 land cover/land use dataset. Geography for the dataset was based on ground conditions of 2011 four-band orthophotography with a spatial resolution of 0.5 ft and 2011 LiDAR data and data derivatives with a nominal post spacing of 1m. Additional ancillary data used in the production of this dataset were provided by the State of Rhode Island and included 2003/2004 land cover/land use, road centerline, hydrography, railroads, state boundary, municipal boundary, coastline, location of schools, hospitals, governmental facilities, waste disposal sites, etc. Landuse / Landcover for RI is based upon Anderson Level 3 coding described in the United States Geological Survey Publication: "A Land Use And Land Cover Classification System for Use With Remote Sensor Data, Geological Survey Professional Paper 964" Available Online at: https://landcover.usgs.gov/pdf/anderson.pdf.

AbstractThis dataset is a subset of Surface Geology of Australia 2012, 1:1M Scale symbolised by lithography classification.The Surface Geology of Australia 1:1M scale dataset (2012 edition) is a seamless national coverage of outcrop and surficial geology, compiled for use at or around 1:1 million scale.The data maps outcropping bedrock geology and unconsolidated or poorly consolidated regolith material covering bedrock.Geological units are represented as polygon and line geometries and are attributed with information regarding stratigraphic nomenclature and hierarchy, age, lithology, and primary data source.The dataset also contains geological contacts, structural features such as faults and shears, and miscellaneous supporting lines like the boundaries of water and ice bodies.The 2012 dataset has been updated from the previous 2010 data by updating geological unit data to 2012 information in the Australian Stratigraphic Units Database, incorporating new published mapping in the Northern Territory and Queensland, and correcting errors or inconsistent data identified in the previous edition, particularly in the Phanerozoic geology of Western Australia.The attribute structure of the dataset has also been revised to be more compatible with the GeoSciML data standard, published by the IUGS Commission for Geoscience Information.The first edition of this national dataset was first released in 2008, with map data compiled largely from simplifying and edge matching existing 1:250 000 scale geological maps.Where these maps were not current, more recent source maps ranging in scale from 1:50 000 to 1:1 million were used.In some areas where the only available geological maps were old and poorly located, some repositioning of mapping using recent satellite imagery or geophysics was employed.CurrencyDate modified: December 2014Modification frequency: As neededData extentSpatial extentNorth: -8.47206°South: -58.4495°East: 171.8011°West: 67.05399°Source informationGeoscience Australia catalog entry: Surface Geology of Australia 1:1 million scale dataset 2012 editionLineage statementThe 2012 dataset has been updated from the previous 2010 data by updating geological unit data to 2012 information in the Australian Stratigraphic Units Database, incorporating new published mapping in the Northern Territory and Queensland, and correcting errors or inconsistent data identified in the previous edition, particularly in the Phanerozoic geology of Western Australia.The attribute structure of the dataset has also been revised to be more compatible with the GeoSciML data standard, published by the IUGS Commission for Geoscience Information.The first edition of this national dataset was first released in 2008, with map data compiled largely from simplifying and edge matching existing 1:250 000 scale geological maps.Where these maps were not current, more recent source maps ranging in scale from 1:50 000 to 1:1 million were used.In some areas where the only available geological maps were old and poorly located, some repositioning of mapping using recent satellite imagery or geophysics was employed.Data dictionaryAttribute nameDescriptionmapSymbolLetter symbol or code representing the geologic unitplotSymbolLetter symbol or code representing the geologic unit for display on a map. May be a simplified version of mapSymbolstratnoUnique unit number from the Australian Stratigraphic Units DatabasenameName of the geologic unitdescriptionText description of the geologic unitgeologicUnitTypeThe type of geologic unit. (eg, lithostratigraphic, chronostratigraphic, etc) Term from a controlled vocabulary.geologicUnitType_uriURI link to a controlled vocabulary term for geologic unit typegeologicHistoryText summary description of the geologic history of the geologic unitrepresentativeAge_uriURI link to a controlled vocabulary term for the representative summary age for the geologic unitrepresentativeYoungerAge_uriURI link to a controlled vocabulary term for the older named age for the geologic unitrepresentativeOlderAge_uriURI link to a controlled vocabulary term for the younger named age for the geologic unitlithologyA summary description of the lithological composition of the geologic unitrepresentativeLithology_uriURI link to a controlled vocabulary term for the primary lithological composition of the geologic unitbodyMorphologyDescription of the type of occurrence of the geologic unit (eg, pluton, dyke, sill, markerbed, vein, etc)observationMethodDescription of the observation method or compilation method used compile the mapped geologic unitidentityConfidenceDescription of the confidence in the interpretation of the geologic unitsourceText describing feature-specific details and citations to source materials, and if available providing URLs to reference material and publications describing the geologic feature. This could be a short text synopsis of key information that would also be in the metadata record referenced by metadata_uri.metadata_uriURI referring to a metadata record describing the provenance of data.mappingFrameDescription of the frame of reference of the mapped data (eg, earth surface, top of bedrock, top of Neoproterozoic basement)resolutionScaleThe denominator of the scale at which the mapped data is designed to be representedcaptureScaleThe denominator of the scale of data from which the mapped feature has been compiledcaptureDateThe date of original data capture for this mapped feature Metadata Statement - Surface Geology of Australia, 1:2.5 million scale, 2012 edition 6modifiedDateThe date of modification of this mapped feature, if applicableplotRankA numeric indicator of the intention for how this mapped feature is to be plotted on a map. (1 = normal plotting feature; 2 = non-plotting feature)mappedFeatureIDUnique identifier (URI) for the mapped line segmentgeologicUnitIDUnique identifier (URI) for the geologic unitContactGeoscience Australia, clientservices@ga.gov.au

Remote sensing technologies, such as high-resolution sonar, can be used to collect more detailed information about the benthic and water column characteristics of macro habitats in the Illinois River. Multibeam echosounders (MBES) collect multibeam and sidescan simultaneously, providing high-resolution images of the riverbed. Sidescan images, in raster format, show the recorded intensity of acoustic signal returns from the riverbed. Geomorphons are representing terrain forms calculated with digital elevation model (DEM) geometry using a machine vision approach.