A common approach to simplify a problem with numerous objectives is to combine the cost layers into a composite a priori weighted single-objective raster grid. This dissertation examines new methods used for determining a spatially diverse set of near-optimal alternatives, and develops parallel computing techniques for brute-force near-optimal path enumeration, as well as more elegant methods that take advantage of the hierarchical structure of the underlying path-tree computation to select sets of spatially diverse near optimal paths.

One important reason for performing GIS analysis is to determine proximity. Often, this type of analysis is done using vector data and possibly the Buffer or Near tools. In this course, you will learn how to calculate distance using raster datasets as inputs in order to assign cells a value based on distance to the nearest source (e.g., city, campground). You will also learn how to allocate cells to a particular source and to determine the compass direction from a cell in a raster to a source.What if you don't want to just measure the straight line from one place to another? What if you need to determine the best route to a destination, taking speed limits, slope, terrain, and road conditions into consideration? In cases like this, you could use the cost distance tools in order to assign a cost (such as time) to each raster cell based on factors like slope and speed limit. From these calculations, you could create a least-cost path from one place to another. Because these tools account for variables that could affect travel, they can help you determine that the shortest path may not always be the best path.After completing this course, you will be able to:Create straight-line distance, direction, and allocation surfaces.Determine when to use Euclidean and weighted distance tools.Perform a least-cost path analysis.

The National Hydrography Dataset Plus (NHDplus) maps the lakes, ponds, streams, rivers and other surface waters of the United States. Created by the US EPA Office of Water and the US Geological Survey, the NHDPlus provides mean annual and monthly flow estimates for rivers and streams. Additional attributes provide connections between features facilitating complicated analyses. For more information on the NHDPlus dataset see the NHDPlus v2 User Guide.Dataset SummaryPhenomenon Mapped: Surface waters and related features of the United States and associated territories not including Alaska.Geographic Extent: The United States not including Alaska, Puerto Rico, Guam, US Virgin Islands, Marshall Islands, Northern Marianas Islands, Palau, Federated States of Micronesia, and American SamoaProjection: Web Mercator Auxiliary Sphere Visible Scale: Visible at all scales but layer draws best at scales larger than 1:1,000,000Source: EPA and USGSUpdate Frequency: There is new new data since this 2019 version, so no updates planned in the futurePublication Date: March 13, 2019Prior to publication, the NHDPlus network and non-network flowline feature classes were combined into a single flowline layer. Similarly, the NHDPlus Area and Waterbody feature classes were merged under a single schema.Attribute fields were added to the flowline and waterbody layers to simplify symbology and enhance the layer's pop-ups. Fields added include Pop-up Title, Pop-up Subtitle, On or Off Network (flowlines only), Esri Symbology (waterbodies only), and Feature Code Description. All other attributes are from the original NHDPlus dataset. No data values -9999 and -9998 were converted to Null values for many of the flowline fields.What can you do with this layer?Feature layers work throughout the ArcGIS system. Generally your work flow with feature layers will begin in ArcGIS Online or ArcGIS Pro. Below are just a few of the things you can do with a feature service in Online and Pro.ArcGIS OnlineAdd this layer to a map in the map viewer. The layer is limited to scales of approximately 1:1,000,000 or larger but a vector tile layer created from the same data can be used at smaller scales to produce a webmap that displays across the full range of scales. The layer or a map containing it can be used in an application. Change the layer’s transparency and set its visibility rangeOpen the layer’s attribute table and make selections. Selections made in the map or table are reflected in the other. Center on selection allows you to zoom to features selected in the map or table and show selected records allows you to view the selected records in the table.Apply filters. For example you can set a filter to show larger streams and rivers using the mean annual flow attribute or the stream order attribute. Change the layer’s style and symbologyAdd labels and set their propertiesCustomize the pop-upUse as an input to the ArcGIS Online analysis tools. This layer works well as a reference layer with the trace downstream and watershed tools. The buffer tool can be used to draw protective boundaries around streams and the extract data tool can be used to create copies of portions of the data.ArcGIS ProAdd this layer to a 2d or 3d map. Use as an input to geoprocessing. For example, copy features allows you to select then export portions of the data to a new feature class. Change the symbology and the attribute field used to symbolize the dataOpen table and make interactive selections with the mapModify the pop-upsApply Definition Queries to create sub-sets of the layerThis layer is part of the ArcGIS Living Atlas of the World that provides an easy way to explore the landscape layers and many other beautiful and authoritative maps on hundreds of topics.Questions?Please leave a comment below if you have a question about this layer, and we will get back to you as soon as possible.

The pathway representation consists of segments and intersection elements. A segment is a linear graphic element that represents a continuous physical travel path terminated by path end (dead end) or physical intersection with other travel paths. Segments have one street name, one address range and one set of segment characteristics. A segment may have none or multiple alias street names. Segment types included are Freeways, Highways, Streets, Alleys (named only), Railroads, Walkways, and Bike lanes. SNDSEG_PV is a linear feature class representing the SND Segment Feature, with attributes for Street name, Address Range, Alias Street name and segment Characteristics objects. Part of the Address Range and all of Street name objects are logically shared with the Discrete Address Point-Master Address File layer. Appropriate uses include: Cartography - Used to depict the City's transportation network location and connections, typically on smaller scaled maps or images where a single line representation is appropriate. Used to depict specific classifications of roadway use, also typically at smaller scales. Used to label transportation network feature names typically on larger scaled maps. Used to label address ranges with associated transportation network features typically on larger scaled maps. Geocode reference - Used as a source for derived reference data for address validation and theoretical address location Address Range data repository - This data store is the City's address range repository defining address ranges in association with transportation network features. Polygon boundary reference - Used to define various area boundaries is other feature classes where coincident with the transportation network. Does not contain polygon features. Address based extracts - Used to create flat-file extracts typically indexed by address with reference to business data typically associated with transportation network features. Thematic linear location reference - By providing unique, stable identifiers for each linear feature, thematic data is associated to specific transportation network features via these identifiers. Thematic intersection location reference - By providing unique, stable identifiers for each intersection feature, thematic data is associated to specific transportation network features via these identifiers. Network route tracing - Used as source for derived reference data used to determine point to point travel paths or determine optimal stop allocation along a travel path. Topological connections with segments - Used to provide a specific definition of location for each transportation network feature. Also provides a specific definition of connection between each transportation network feature. (defines where the streets are and the relationship between them ie. 4th Ave is west of 5th Ave and 4th Ave does intersect with Cherry St) Event location reference - Used as source for derived reference data used to locate event and linear referencing.Data source is TRANSPO.SNDSEG_PV. Updated weekly.

Essential configurations for highly scalable ArcGIS Online web apps (ArcGIS Blog).Learn best practices for configuring web applications that receive a high amount of web traffic, use a quick checklist focus on critical settings._Communities around the world are taking strides in mitigating the threat that COVID-19 (coronavirus) poses. Geography and location analysis have a crucial role in better understanding this evolving pandemic.When you need help quickly, Esri can provide data, software, configurable applications, and technical support for your emergency GIS operations. Use GIS to rapidly access and visualize mission-critical information. Get the information you need quickly, in a way that’s easy to understand, to make better decisions during a crisis.Esri’s Disaster Response Program (DRP) assists with disasters worldwide as part of our corporate citizenship. We support response and relief efforts with GIS technology and expertise.More information...

ArcGIS Location Tracking Privacy Best Practices (Esri Whitepaper).This document contains relevant information that helps guide IT managers, GIS administrators, andprivacy and security team members in deploying cloud and enterprise GIS in a manner that helps complywith privacy regulations, such as GDPR, for location tracking services._Communities around the world are taking strides in mitigating the threat that COVID-19 (coronavirus) poses. Geography and location analysis have a crucial role in better understanding this evolving pandemic.When you need help quickly, Esri can provide data, software, configurable applications, and technical support for your emergency GIS operations. Use GIS to rapidly access and visualize mission-critical information. Get the information you need quickly, in a way that’s easy to understand, to make better decisions during a crisis.Esri’s Disaster Response Program (DRP) assists with disasters worldwide as part of our corporate citizenship. We support response and relief efforts with GIS technology and expertise.More information...

The Route Optimization Software market is experiencing robust growth, projected to reach $6.99 billion in 2025 and maintain a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 14.70% from 2025 to 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key factors. The increasing need for enhanced logistics efficiency across various industries, including transportation and delivery, retail, and manufacturing, is a primary driver. Businesses are increasingly adopting route optimization software to reduce operational costs, improve delivery times, and enhance customer satisfaction. The rise of e-commerce and the consequent surge in last-mile delivery complexities further amplify the demand for sophisticated route planning solutions. Technological advancements, such as the integration of advanced analytics, GPS tracking, and AI-powered predictive capabilities, are also contributing to market growth by enabling more accurate and efficient route optimization. Furthermore, the growing adoption of cloud-based solutions offers scalability and accessibility, making route optimization software more appealing to businesses of all sizes. Competitive dynamics within the market are shaping its evolution. Established players like Trimble, Descartes Systems Group, and ESRI compete with emerging tech companies such as Route4me and Routific, as well as established logistics providers incorporating route optimization into their offerings. This competition fosters innovation and drives down prices, making the technology more accessible to a wider range of businesses. While data privacy concerns and the initial investment costs associated with implementing new software can pose challenges, the long-term benefits of improved efficiency and cost savings are outweighing these restraints, contributing to the market's sustained growth trajectory. The market segmentation is likely diverse, encompassing solutions tailored to different industry verticals and fleet sizes, further contributing to the market’s complexity and opportunity. Recent developments include: February 2024 - Verizon Connect announced new customizable term options, enabling business owners and fleet managers to tailor their contracts better to match their company’s specific needs. When new customers in the US, the UK, and IE sign up for Verizon Connect Reveal fleet management solutions, they can now choose how long a commitment they want to make. In addition to introducing more flexible contracts, Verizon Connect is making it easier for customers by investing in multiple areas, such as seamless installation, training and onboarding, user experience, and customer support., October 2023 - Google Maps launched various innovative AI-driven enhancements. These additions include an enhanced Street View experience, an augmented reality (AR) integrated lens in Maps, comprehensive search functionalities, and more. Immersive View for Places, powered by artificial intelligence, is a blend of thousands of street views and aerial images that enables users to see restaurants or landmarks ahead of their visit. In addition, with the recent introduction of photorealistic 3D tiles in Google Maps, developers can create innovative, immersive experiences. Such launches will help the company to optimize routes more efficiently.. Key drivers for this market are: Increasing Use of Logistics-Specific Solutions, Declining Hardware and Connectivity Costs. Potential restraints include: Increasing Use of Logistics-Specific Solutions, Declining Hardware and Connectivity Costs. Notable trends are: On-demand Food Delivery to Witness Significant Growth.

Discover the booming Sales Mapping System market! Explore key trends, growth drivers, and leading companies shaping this $2.5 billion (2025) industry. Learn how GIS integration, CRM compatibility, and advanced analytics are transforming sales strategies. Get the data-driven insights you need to succeed.

Fiber Route Automated GIS Mapping Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global Fiber Route Automated GIS Mapping market size in 2024 stands at USD 2.13 billion, registering robust momentum across infrastructure sectors. The market is set to expand at a CAGR of 13.4% between 2025 and 2033, driven by the surging demand for advanced network visualization and real-time asset management. By 2033, the Fiber Route Automated GIS Mapping market is projected to reach USD 6.57 billion, underscoring the critical role of automated GIS tools in modernizing fiber optic deployment, operations, and maintenance. This growth is primarily attributed to the increasing need for efficient network planning, route optimization, and the rising complexity of fiber infrastructure globally.

The Fiber Route Automated GIS Mapping market is experiencing significant growth due to the rapid expansion of fiber optic networks to support high-speed data transmission and the proliferation of 5G infrastructure. As telecommunications providers and utility companies race to meet escalating bandwidth demands, there is an acute need for precise, automated, and scalable GIS mapping solutions. These systems streamline the entire lifecycle of fiber network management, from initial route planning and design to ongoing maintenance and optimization. The integration of advanced GIS mapping with AI-driven analytics enables organizations to reduce operational costs, minimize manual errors, and accelerate time-to-market for new network rollouts. Furthermore, the increasing complexity of urban and rural network environments necessitates the adoption of automated GIS mapping to ensure seamless connectivity and optimal resource utilization.

Another key driver for the Fiber Route Automated GIS Mapping market is the growing emphasis on digital transformation and the adoption of smart infrastructure by governments and private enterprises alike. As cities and municipalities invest in smart city initiatives, the need for robust fiber networks and efficient asset management becomes paramount. Automated GIS mapping tools offer unparalleled visibility into existing infrastructure, enabling stakeholders to make informed decisions regarding network expansion, upgrades, and maintenance schedules. Additionally, regulatory mandates for accurate documentation and reporting of network assets are propelling the adoption of automated GIS solutions, as they facilitate compliance and improve transparency. The convergence of IoT, cloud computing, and big data analytics further amplifies the value proposition of automated GIS mapping in the fiber route domain.

The surge in demand for real-time monitoring and predictive maintenance is also fueling the expansion of the Fiber Route Automated GIS Mapping market. As fiber networks become more integral to mission-critical applications across sectors such as transportation, healthcare, and finance, ensuring network reliability and minimizing downtime becomes a top priority. Automated GIS mapping platforms enable continuous monitoring of network health, rapid identification of faults or vulnerabilities, and proactive maintenance interventions. This not only enhances service quality and customer satisfaction but also extends the lifespan of network assets. The integration of mobile GIS applications and remote sensing technologies further empowers field teams to access and update network data in real time, fostering operational agility and resilience.

From a regional perspective, North America currently leads the Fiber Route Automated GIS Mapping market, driven by substantial investments in broadband infrastructure, 5G deployments, and smart city projects. However, the Asia Pacific region is poised for the fastest growth, with a projected CAGR of over 15.2% through 2033, fueled by rapid urbanization, government-led digital initiatives, and expanding telecom networks in countries like China, India, and Japan. Europe follows closely, benefiting from ambitious fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) rollouts and stringent regulatory frameworks promoting network transparency and efficiency. While Latin America and Middle East & Africa are still emerging markets, they present significant long-term opportunities as infrastructure development accelerates and digital connectivity becomes a strategic priority.

Composition and speed of the road network in Lushunkou District.

The National Hydrography Dataset Plus High Resolution (NHDplus High Resolution) maps the lakes, ponds, streams, rivers and other surface waters of the United States. Created by the US Geological Survey, NHDPlus High Resolution provides mean annual flow and velocity estimates for rivers and streams. Additional attributes provide connections between features facilitating complicated analyses.For more information on the NHDPlus High Resolution dataset see the User’s Guide for the National Hydrography Dataset Plus (NHDPlus) High Resolution.Dataset SummaryPhenomenon Mapped: Surface waters and related features of the United States and associated territoriesGeographic Extent: The Contiguous United States, Hawaii, portions of Alaska, Puerto Rico, Guam, US Virgin Islands, Northern Marianas Islands, and American SamoaProjection: Web Mercator Auxiliary Sphere Visible Scale: Visible at all scales but layer draws best at scales larger than 1:1,000,000Source: USGSUpdate Frequency: AnnualPublication Date: July 2022This layer was symbolized in the ArcGIS Map Viewer and while the features will draw in the Classic Map Viewer the advanced symbology will not. Prior to publication, the network and non-network flowline feature classes were combined into a single flowline layer. Similarly, the Area and Waterbody feature classes were merged under a single schema.Attribute fields were added to the flowline and waterbody layers to simplify symbology and enhance the layer's pop-ups. Fields added include Pop-up Title, Pop-up Subtitle, Esri Symbology (waterbodies only), and Feature Code Description. All other attributes are from the original dataset. No data values -9999 and -9998 were converted to Null values.What can you do with this layer?Feature layers work throughout the ArcGIS system. Generally your work flow with feature layers will begin in ArcGIS Online or ArcGIS Pro. Below are just a few of the things you can do with a feature service in Online and Pro.ArcGIS OnlineAdd this layer to a map in the map viewer. The layer or a map containing it can be used in an application. Change the layer’s transparency and set its visibility rangeOpen the layer’s attribute table and make selections. Selections made in the map or table are reflected in the other. Center on selection allows you to zoom to features selected in the map or table and show selected records allows you to view the selected records in the table.Apply filters. For example you can set a filter to show larger streams and rivers using the mean annual flow attribute or the stream order attribute.Change the layer’s style and symbologyAdd labels and set their propertiesCustomize the pop-upUse as an input to the ArcGIS Online analysis tools. This layer works well as a reference layer with the trace downstream and watershed tools. The buffer tool can be used to draw protective boundaries around streams and the extract data tool can be used to create copies of portions of the data.ArcGIS ProAdd this layer to a 2d or 3d map.Use as an input to geoprocessing. For example, copy features allows you to select then export portions of the data to a new feature class.Change the symbology and the attribute field used to symbolize the dataOpen table and make interactive selections with the mapModify the pop-upsApply Definition Queries to create sub-sets of the layerThis layer is part of the ArcGIS Living Atlas of the World that provides an easy way to explore the landscape layers and many other beautiful and authoritative maps on hundreds of topics.Questions?Please leave a comment below if you have a question about this layer, and we will get back to you as soon as possible.

This layer was developed by GPCOG based on information available in each transit agency's route maps, as well as the Southern Maine Transit Tracker website. The following transit agencies are included:METROSouth Portland Bus ServiceShuttlebus-ZOOMRTP's Lakes Region ExplorerCasco Bay LinesChebeague Transportation CompanyNNEPRA's Amtrak DowneasterThe routes in this layer are up to date as of 7/11/24 and to the best of our knowledge.

Attractions and tour schedule.

Fiber Route Automated GIS Mapping Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the Global Fiber Route Automated GIS Mapping market size was valued at $1.2 billion in 2024 and is projected to reach $3.4 billion by 2033, expanding at a robust CAGR of 12.3% during 2024–2033. The primary driver fueling this exponential growth is the increasing demand for high-speed broadband connectivity and the rapid expansion of fiber optic networks worldwide. As telecommunications and utility providers strive to enhance their infrastructure and deliver seamless connectivity, the need for advanced GIS mapping solutions that automate fiber route planning, asset management, and network optimization has become paramount. This surge is further amplified by the integration of AI, IoT, and cloud computing technologies, which streamline GIS operations and provide real-time, actionable insights for network operators.

Regional Outlook

North America continues to dominate the Fiber Route Automated GIS Mapping market, accounting for the largest share of global revenue in 2024. This region’s preeminence can be attributed to its mature telecommunications infrastructure, widespread adoption of advanced GIS technologies, and supportive regulatory policies that encourage digital transformation. The United States, in particular, has seen substantial investments from both public and private sectors in fiber network expansion and smart city projects. The prevalence of established technology vendors and the presence of a highly skilled workforce further fortify the region’s leadership. Moreover, government initiatives aimed at bridging the digital divide and enhancing rural broadband connectivity have spurred additional demand for automated GIS mapping solutions.

The Asia Pacific region is emerging as the fastest-growing market, projected to register a remarkable CAGR of 15.7% from 2024 to 2033. This growth is underpinned by extensive investments in digital infrastructure and rapid urbanization across key economies such as China, India, and Japan. The proliferation of smart city initiatives and the rollout of 5G networks have accelerated the adoption of automated GIS mapping for fiber route planning and maintenance. Local governments and telecom operators are actively collaborating to deploy large-scale fiber optic networks, while increasing foreign direct investment and public-private partnerships are further propelling market expansion. The region’s youthful population and surging internet penetration rates are also driving the need for robust, scalable network infrastructure, making Asia Pacific a hotbed for innovation in this sector.

Emerging economies in Latin America, the Middle East, and Africa are gradually embracing Fiber Route Automated GIS Mapping solutions, though they face unique adoption challenges. Limited access to capital, fragmented regulatory frameworks, and a shortage of skilled GIS professionals have hindered widespread deployment. However, localized demand for improved broadband connectivity and government-led digitalization programs are beginning to stimulate market growth. In these regions, the focus is on cost-effective, scalable mapping solutions that can address the infrastructure gaps in both urban and rural areas. Policy reforms, international funding, and strategic alliances with global technology providers are expected to accelerate adoption, albeit at a more measured pace compared to developed markets.

Report Scope

This feature class consists of approximately 505,000 features representing over 70,000 miles of Interstate, Primary, Secondary and Urban roads throughout the State of Virginia. The Linear Referencing System is based on the Virginia Department of Transportation's Source System of Record for road inventory, Roadway Inventory Management System (RIMS).Geometry and Attribution: The Linear Referencing System (LRS) data contained within this feature class provides dissolved route segmentation (i.e. routes are not segmented when they intersect other routes), thus rendering one table record per route. In cases where routes are noncontiguous (e.g. a valid physical gap exists), multi-part geometry is created. The feature class also depicts overlapping routes (e.g. Interstate 64 and Interstate 95) as two separate collinear features, one on top of the other. Routes built in the prime and non-prime directions are included. Each road centerline record has a master route record assigned. This feature class is best suited for labeling roadways when overlap reference is needed.Measures: The linear reference is based on Official State Mileage (OSM) as derived from reference points at Roadway Inventory Management System (RIMS) roadway intersections (i.e. nodes/junctions). Purpose: This linear referenced data layer represents roadways that are maintained by the Virginia Department of Transportation and provides the underlying spatially enabled geometric network to which all "events" (e.g. potholes, pavement type, vehicle accidents, traffic counts, culverts, etc...) can be located.

Tourism resources monomer level division standard.

GIS in Transportation Market Analysis The global GIS in transportation market is anticipated to reach a valuation of $XX million by 2033, expanding at a CAGR of XX% from 2025. The market's growth is primarily driven by the increasing demand for efficient and sustainable transportation systems, the growing adoption of GIS technology for infrastructure planning and management, and the need for real-time data for traffic management and optimization. Additionally, the emergence of smart cities and autonomous vehicles is further fueling market demand. The market is segmented by type (software, services, data) and application (road, rail, others). The software segment holds a significant share due to the high demand for GIS software for planning, design, and analysis. The road application segment dominates the market due to the extensive use of GIS for road network management, traffic analysis, and route optimization. Key players in the market include Autodesk, Bentley Systems, ESRI, Hexagon, and MDA. The North American region is expected to maintain its market dominance, followed by Europe and Asia Pacific. The market is expected to witness continued growth over the forecast period, driven by ongoing technological advancements and the rising need for efficient and data-driven transportation solutions.

Feature layer generated from running the Plan Routes solution.

The Traffic Geographic Information System (TGIS) market is experiencing robust growth, projected to reach a market size of $223.41 million in 2025. While the provided CAGR is missing, considering the rapid advancements in data analytics, location intelligence, and the increasing adoption of smart city initiatives, a conservative estimate of the Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) for the forecast period (2025-2033) would be around 8%. This growth is fueled by several key drivers: the increasing need for efficient traffic management in urban areas, the proliferation of connected vehicles generating real-time data, and the growing demand for advanced analytics to optimize traffic flow and reduce congestion. Furthermore, the integration of TGIS with other smart city technologies, such as smart parking and public transportation systems, is contributing to market expansion. Software solutions within the TGIS market are likely to dominate due to their scalability and flexibility, while applications focusing on route optimization and traffic prediction are experiencing high demand. The market faces certain restraints, primarily including the high initial investment costs associated with implementing TGIS solutions and the need for skilled professionals to manage and interpret the complex data generated by these systems. However, the long-term benefits of improved traffic management, reduced emissions, and enhanced public safety are likely to outweigh these challenges, ensuring sustained market growth. The regional distribution of the TGIS market mirrors global urbanization trends, with North America and Europe anticipated to hold significant market shares. However, the Asia-Pacific region is poised for rapid growth driven by increasing investments in infrastructure development and the adoption of smart city technologies in rapidly developing economies like China and India. The competitive landscape is marked by established players like Autodesk, Bentley Systems, ESRI, Hexagon, MDA, and Pitney Bowes, constantly innovating and expanding their product offerings to meet the evolving needs of the market. The market segmentation across software, services, and various applications—including route optimization, traffic tracking, and other specialized solutions—reflects the diverse functionalities and applications of TGIS within various sectors, including transportation, logistics, and urban planning.

The New Zealand version of the Zombie Apocalypse lesson."A huge yet unknown catastrophic event has changed the world as we know it. One of the major results of this event is the spread of zombies across the globe. People all around the world are trying to survive this zombie invasion the best way they can. It will take skill, and of course BRAINS to figure out the best way to survive this catastrophe!
Do you have what it takes? Can you use what is in YOUR BRAIN to SURVIVE the ZOMBIE APOCALYPSE!?"