This map displays the Quantitative Precipitation Forecast (QPF) for the next 72 hours across the contiguous United States. Data are updated hourly from the National Digital Forecast Database produced by the National Weather Service.The dataset includes incremental and cumulative precipitation data in 6-hour intervals. In the ArcGIS Online map viewer you can enable the time animation feature and select either the "Amount by Time" (incremental) layer or the "Accumulation by Time" (cumulative) layer to view a 72-hour animation of forecast precipitation. All times are reported according to your local time zone.Where is the data coming from?The National Digital Forecast Database (NDFD) was designed to provide access to weather forecasts in digital form from a central location. The NDFD produces forecast data of sensible weather elements. NDFD contains a seamless mosaic of digital forecasts from National Weather Service (NWS) field offices working in collaboration with the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). All of these organizations are under the administration of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).Source: https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/SL.us008001/ST.opnl/DF.gr2/DC.ndfd/AR.conus/VP.001-003/ds.qpf.binWhere can I find other NDFD data?The Source data is downloaded and parsed using the Aggregated Live Feeds methodology to return information that can be served through ArcGIS Server as a map service or used to update Hosted Feature Services in Online or Enterprise.What can you do with this layer?This map service is suitable for data discovery and visualization. Identify features by clicking on the map to reveal the pre-configured pop-ups. View the time-enabled data using the time slider by Enabling Time Animation.This map is provided for informational purposes and is not monitored 24/7 for accuracy and currency.If you would like to be alerted to potential issues or simply see when this Service will update next, please visit our Live Feed Status Page!

The National Forest Climate Change Maps project was developed by the Rocky Mountain Research Station (RMRS) and the Office of Sustainability and Climate to meet the needs of national forest managers for information on projected climate changes at a scale relevant to decision making processes, including forest plans. The maps use state-of-the-art science and are available for every national forest in the contiguous United States with relevant data coverage. Currently, the map sets include variables related to precipitation, air temperature, snow (including snow residence time and April 1 snow water equivalent), and stream flow.\Historical (1975-2005) and future (2071-2090) precipitation and temperature data for the contiguous United States are ensemble mean values across 20 global climate models from the CMIP5 experiment (https://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00094.1), downscaled to a 4 km grid. For more information on the downscaling method and to access the data, please see Abatzoglou and Brown, 2012 (https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/joc.2312) and the Northwest Knowledge Network (https://climate.northwestknowledge.net/MACA/). We used the MACAv2- Metdata monthly dataset; monthly precipitation values (mm) were summed over the season of interest (annual, winter, or summer). Absolute and percent change were then calculated between the historical and future time periods.Historical (1975-2005) and future (2071-2090) precipitation and temperature data for the state of Alaska were developed by the Scenarios Network for Alaska and Arctic Planning (SNAP) (https://snap.uaf.edu). These datasets have several important differences from the MACAv2-Metdata (https://climate.northwestknowledge.net/MACA/) products, used in the contiguous U.S. They were developed using different global circulation models and different downscaling methods, and were downscaled to a different scale (771 m instead of 4 km). While these cover the same time periods and use broadly similar approaches, caution should be used when directly comparing values between Alaska and the contiguous United States.Raster data are also available for download from RMRS site (https://www.fs.usda.gov/rm/boise/AWAE/projects/NFS-regional-climate-change-maps/categories/us-raster-layers.html), along with pdf maps and detailed metadata (https://www.fs.usda.gov/rm/boise/AWAE/projects/NFS-regional-climate-change-maps/downloads/NationalForestClimateChangeMapsMetadata.pdf).

This layer is deprecated as of April 3, 2023. Use this layer as a replacement: https://noaa.maps.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=b0cdf263cea24544b0da2fc00fb2b259This nowCOAST time-enabled map service provides maps of NOAA/National Weather Service RIDGE2 mosaics of base reflectivity images across the Continental United States (CONUS) as well as Puerto Rico, Hawaii, Guam and Alaska with a 2 kilometer (1.25 mile) horizontal resolution. The mosaics are compiled by combining regional base reflectivity radar data obtained from 158 Weather Surveillance Radar 1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) also known as NEXt-generation RADar (NEXRAD) sites across the country operated by the NWS and the Dept. of Defense and also from data from Terminal Doppler Weather Radars (TDWR) at major airports. The colors on the map represent the strength of the energy reflected back toward the radar. The reflected intensities (echoes) are measured in dBZ (decibels of z). The color scale is very similar to the one used by the NWS RIDGE2 map viewer. The radar data itself is updated by the NWS every 10 minutes during non-precipitation mode, but every 4-6 minutes during precipitation mode. To ensure nowCOAST is displaying the most recent data possible, the latest mosaics are downloaded every 5 minutes. For more detailed information about the update schedule, see: https://new.nowcoast.noaa.gov/help/#section=updateschedule

Background Information

Reflectivity is related to the power, or intensity, of the reflected radiation that is sensed by the radar antenna. Reflectivity is expressed on a logarithmic scale in units called dBZ. The "dB" in the dBz scale is logarithmic and is unit less, but is used only to express a ratio. The "z" is the ratio of the density of water drops (measured in millimeters, raised to the 6th power) in each cubic meter (mm^6/m^3). When the "z" is large (many drops in a cubic meter), the reflected power is large. A small "z" means little returned energy. In fact, "z" can be less than 1 mm^6/m^3 and since it is logarithmic, dBz values will become negative, as often in the case when the radar is in clear air mode and indicated by earth tone colors. dBZ values are related to the intensity of rainfall. The higher the dBZ, the stronger the rain rate. A value of 20 dBZ is typically the point at which light rain begins. The values of 60 to 65 dBZ is about the level where 3/4 inch hail can occur. However, a value of 60 to 65 dBZ does not mean that severe weather is occurring at that location. The best reflectivity is lowest (1/2 degree elevation angle) reflectivity scan from the radar. The source of the base reflectivity mosaics is the NWS Southern Region Radar Integrated Display with Geospatial Elements (RIDGE2).

Time Information

This map is time-enabled, meaning that each individual layer contains time-varying data and can be utilized by clients capable of making map requests that include a time component.

This particular service can be queried with or without the use of a time component. If the time parameter is specified in a request, the data or imagery most relevant to the provided time value, if any, will be returned. If the time parameter is not specified in a request, the latest data or imagery valid for the present system time will be returned to the client. If the time parameter is not specified and no data or imagery is available for the present time, no data will be returned.

In addition to ArcGIS Server REST access, time-enabled OGC WMS 1.3.0 access is also provided by this service.

Due to software limitations, the time extent of the service and map layers displayed below does not provide the most up-to-date start and end times of available data. Instead, users have three options for determining the latest time information about the service:

Issue a returnUpdates=true request for an individual layer or for
the service itself, which will return the current start and end times of
available data, in epoch time format (milliseconds since 00:00 January 1,
1970). To see an example, click on the "Return Updates" link at the bottom of
this page under "Supported Operations". Refer to the ArcGIS REST API Map Service Documentation for more information.


  Issue an Identify (ArcGIS REST) or GetFeatureInfo (WMS) request against
  the proper layer corresponding with the target dataset. For raster
  data, this would be the "Image Footprints with Time Attributes" layer
  in the same group as the target "Image" layer being displayed. For
  vector (point, line, or polygon) data, the target layer can be queried
  directly. In either case, the attributes returned for the matching
  raster(s) or vector feature(s) will include the following:


      validtime: Valid timestamp.


      starttime: Display start time.


      endtime: Display end time.


      reftime: Reference time (sometimes reffered to as
      issuance time, cycle time, or initialization time).


      projmins: Number of minutes from reference time to valid
      time.


      desigreftime: Designated reference time; used as a
      common reference time for all items when individual reference
      times do not match.


      desigprojmins: Number of minutes from designated
      reference time to valid time.




  Query the nowCOAST LayerInfo web service, which has been created to
  provide additional information about each data layer in a service,
  including a list of all available "time stops" (i.e. "valid times"),
  individual timestamps, or the valid time of a layer's latest available
  data (i.e. "Product Time"). For more information about the LayerInfo
  web service, including examples of various types of requests, refer to
  the nowCOAST help documentation at:https://new.nowcoast.noaa.gov/help/#section=layerinfo

References

NWS, 2003: NWS Product Description Document for Radar Integrated Display with Geospatial Elements Version 2- RIDGE2, NWS/SRH, Fort Worth, Texas (Available at https://products.weather.gov/PDD/RIDGE_II_PDD_ver2.pdf). NWS, 2013: Radar Images for GIS Software (https://www.srh.noaa.gov/jetstream/doppler/gis.htm).

Link to landing page referenced by identifier. Service Protocol: Link to landing page referenced by identifier. Link Function: information-- dc:identifier.

This map displays projected visible surface smoke across the contiguous United States for the next 48 hours in 1 hour increments. It is updated every 24 hours by NWS. Concentrations are reported in micrograms per cubic meter.Where is the data coming from?The National Digital Guidance Database (NDGD) is a sister to the National Digital Forecast Database (NDFD). Information in NDGD may be used by NWS forecasters as guidance in preparing official NWS forecasts in NDFD. The experimental/guidance NDGD data is not an official NWS forecast product.Source: https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/SL.us008001/ST.opnl/DF.gr2/DC.ndgd/GT.aq/AR.conus/ds.smokes01.binSource data archive can be found here: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/weather-climate-models/national-digital-guidance-database look for 'LXQ...' files by date. These are the Binary GRIB2 files that can be decoded via DeGRIB tool.Where can I find other NDGD data?The Source data is downloaded and parsed using the Aggregated Live Feeds methodology to return information that can be served through ArcGIS Server as a map service or used to update Hosted Feature Services in Online or Enterprise.What can you do with this layer?This map service is suitable for data discovery and visualization. Identify features by clicking on the map to reveal the pre-configured pop-ups. View the time-enabled data using the time slider by Enabling Time Animation.RevisionsJuly 11, 2022: Feed updated to leverage forecast model change by NOAA, whereby the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) forecast model system was replaced with the Rapid Refresh (RAP) forecast model system. Key differences: higher accuracy with RAP now concentrated at 0-8 meter detail vs HYSPLIT at 0-100 meter; earlier data delivery by 6 hrs; forecast output extended to 51 hrs.This map is provided for informational purposes and is not monitored 24/7 for accuracy and currency.If you would like to be alerted to potential issues or simply see when this Service will update next, please visit our Live Feed Status Page!

Yearly effective energy and mass transfer (EEMT) (MJ m−2 yr−1) was calculated for the Catalina Mountains by summing the 12 monthly values. Effective energy and mass flux varies seasonally, especially in the desert southwestern United States where contemporary climate includes a bimodal precipitation distribution that concentrates in winter (rain or snow depending on elevation) and summer monsoon periods. This seasonality of EEMT flux into the upper soil surface can be estimated by calculating EEMT on a monthly basis as constrained by solar radiation (Rs), temperature (T), precipitation (PPT), and the vapor pressure deficit (VPD): EEMT = f(Rs,T,PPT,VPD). Here we used a multiple linear regression model to calculate the monthly EEMT that accounts for VPD, PPT, and locally modified T across the terrain surface. These EEMT calculations were made using data from the PRISM Climate Group at Oregon State University (www.prismclimate.org). Climate data are provided at an 800-m spatial resolution for input precipitation and minimum and maximum temperature normals and at a 4000-m spatial resolution for dew-point temperature (Daly et al., 2002). The PRISM climate data, however, do not account for localized variation in EEMT that results from smaller spatial scale changes in slope and aspect as occurs within catchments. To address this issue, these data were then combined with 10-m digital elevation maps to compute the effects of local slope and aspect on incoming solar radiation and hence locally modified temperature (Yang et al., 2007). Monthly average dew-point temperatures were computed using 10 yr of monthly data (2000–2009) and converted to vapor pressure. Precipitation, temperature, and dew-point data were resampled on a 10-m grid using spline interpolation. Monthly solar radiation data (direct and diffuse) were computed using ArcGIS Solar Analyst extension (ESRI, Redlands, CA) and 10-m elevation data (USGS National Elevation Dataset [NED] 1/3 Arc-Second downloaded from the National Map Seamless Server at seamless.usgs.gov). Locally modified temperature was used to compute the saturated vapor pressure, and the local VPD was estimated as the difference between the saturated and actual vapor pressures. The regression model was derived using the ISOHYS climate data set comprised of approximately 30-yr average monthly means for more than 300 weather stations spanning all latitudes and longitudes (IAEA).

Link to landing page referenced by identifier. Service Protocol: Link to landing page referenced by identifier. Link Function: information-- dc:identifier.

Map InformationThis nowCOAST time-enabled map service provides maps depicting the NWS Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor (MRMS) quantitative precipitation estimate mosaics for 1-, 3-, 6-, 12-, 24-, 48-, and 72-hr time periods at a 1 km (0.6 miles) horizontal resolution for CONUS and southern part of Canada. The precipitation estimates are based only on radar data. The total precipitation amount is indicated by different colors at 0.01, 0.10, 0.25 and then at 1/4 inch intervals up to 4.0 inches (e.g. 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 1.25, etc.), at 1-inch intervals from 4 to 10 inches and then at 2-inch intervals up to 14 inches. The increments from 0.01 to 1.00 or 2.00 inches are similar to what are used on NCEP's Weather Prediction Center QPF products and the NWS River Forecast Center (RFC) daily precipitation analysis. The 1-hr mosaic is updated every 4 minutes with a latency on nowCOAST of about 6-7 minutes from valid time. The 3-, 6-, 12-, and 24-hr QPEs are updated on nowCOAST every hour for the period ending at the top of the hour. The 48- and 72-hr QPEs are generated daily for the period ending at 12 UTC (i.e. 7AM EST) and available on nowCOAST shortly afterwards. For more detailed information about the update schedule.Background InformationThe NWS Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor System (MRMS)/Q3 QPEs are radar-only based quantitative precipitation analyses. The 1-h precipitation accumulation is obtained by aggregating 12 instantaneous rate fields. Missing rate fields are filled with the neighboring rate fields if the data gap is not significantly large (e.g.<=15 minutes). The instantaneous rate is computed from the hybrid scan reflectivity and the precipitation flag fields. (Both are 2-D derivative products from the National 3-D Reflectivity Mosaic grid which has a 1-km horizontal resolution, 31 vertical levels and a 5-minute update cycle). The instantaneous rate currently uses four Z-R relationships (i.e. tropical, convective, stratiform, or snow). The particular ZR relationship used in any grid cell depends on precipitation type which is indicated by the precipitation flag. The other accumulation products are derived by aggregating the hourly accumulations. The 1-hr QPE are generated every 4 minutes, while the 3-,6-,12-, and 24-hr accumulations are generated every hour at the top of the hour. The 48- and 72-hr QPEs are updated daily at approximately 12 UTC. MRMS was developed by NOAA/OAR/National Severe Storms Laboratory and migrated into NWS operations at NOAA Integrated Dissemination Program.Time InformationThis map is time-enabled, meaning that each individual layer contains time-varying data and can be utilized by clients capable of making map requests that include a time component.This particular service can be queried with or without the use of a time component. If the time parameter is specified in a request, the data or imagery most relevant to the provided time value, if any, will be returned. If the time parameter is not specified in a request, the latest data or imagery valid for the present system time will be returned to the client. If the time parameter is not specified and no data or imagery is available for the present time, no data will be returned.In addition to ArcGIS Server REST access, time-enabled OGC WMS 1.3.0 access is also provided by this service.Due to software limitations, the time extent of the service and map layers displayed below does not provide the most up-to-date start and end times of available data. Instead, users have three options for determining the latest time information about the service:Issue a returnUpdates=true request for an individual layer or for the service itself, which will return the current start and end times of available data, in epoch time format (milliseconds since 00:00 January 1, 1970). To see an example, click on the "Return Updates" link at the bottom of this page under "Supported Operations". Refer to the ArcGIS REST API Map Service Documentation for more information.Issue an Identify (ArcGIS REST) or GetFeatureInfo (WMS) request against the proper layer corresponding with the target dataset. For raster data, this would be the "Image Footprints with Time Attributes" layer in the same group as the target "Image" layer being displayed. For vector (point, line, or polygon) data, the target layer can be queried directly. In either case, the attributes returned for the matching raster(s) or vector feature(s) will include the following:validtime: Valid timestamp.starttime: Display start time.endtime: Display end time.reftime: Reference time (sometimes reffered to as issuance time, cycle time, or initialization time).projmins: Number of minutes from reference time to valid time.desigreftime: Designated reference time; used as a common reference time for all items when individual reference times do not match.desigprojmins: Number of minutes from designated reference time to valid time.Query the nowCOAST LayerInfo web service, which has been created to provide additional information about each data layer in a service, including a list of all available "time stops" (i.e. "valid times"), individual timestamps, or the valid time of a layer's latest available data (i.e. "Product Time"). For more information about the LayerInfo web service, including examples of various types of requests, refer to the nowCOAST help documentation.References For more information about the MRMS/Q3 system.

Date of freeze for historical (1985-2005) and future (2071-2090, RCP 8.5) time periods, and absolute change between them, based on analysis of MACAv2METDATA. Download this data or get more information

The National Forest Climate Change Maps project was developed by the Rocky Mountain Research Station (RMRS) and the Office of Sustainability and Climate to meet the needs of national forest managers for information on projected climate changes at a scale relevant to decision making processes, including forest plans. The maps use state-of-the-art science and are available for every national forest in the contiguous United States with relevant data coverage. Currently, the map sets include variables related to precipitation, air temperature, snow (including snow residence time and April 1 snow water equivalent), and stream flow.Historical (1975-2005) and future (2071-2090) precipitation and temperature data for the contiguous United States are ensemble mean values across 20 global climate models from the CMIP5 experiment (https://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00094.1), downscaled to a 4 km grid. For more information on the downscaling method and to access the data, please see Abatzoglou and Brown, 2012 (https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/joc.2312) and the Northwest Knowledge Network (https://climate.northwestknowledge.net/MACA/). We used the MACAv2- Metdata monthly dataset; monthly precipitation values (mm) were summed over the season of interest (annual, winter, or summer). Absolute and percent change were then calculated between the historical and future time periods.Raster data are also available for download from RMRS site (https://www.fs.usda.gov/rm/boise/AWAE/projects/NFS-regional-climate-change-maps/categories/us-raster-layers.html), along with pdf maps and detailed metadata (https://www.fs.usda.gov/rm/boise/AWAE/projects/NFS-regional-climate-change-maps/downloads/NationalForestClimateChangeMapsMetadata.pdf).

This map displays Hurricane Helene 2024 estimated rainfall totals for FEMA region 4.NOTE: The data provided are preliminary. They are subject to updates and corrections as appropriate.The National Hurricane Center is responsible for conducting the official post-analysis of all tropical cyclones. Once compiled, the Tropical Cyclone Report is posted here: https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/index.php . For current official data and information, go to weather.gov.

The depth of rainfall in inches for 1-day rainfall with the 3-year return period illustrated as Figure C-6 in Appendix C of Environmental Resource Permit Applicant’s Handbook Volume II from SFWMD Technical Memorandum, Frequency Analysis of One and Three Day Rainfall Maxima for central and southern Florida, Paul Trimble, October 1990 (DRE-291).

Precipitation is water released from clouds in the form of rain, sleet, snow, or hail. It is the primary source of recharge to the planet's fresh water supplies. This map contains a historical record showing the volume of precipitation that fell during each month from March 2000 to the present. Snow and hail are reported in terms of snow water equivalent - the amount of water that will be produced when they melt. Dataset SummaryThe GLDAS Precipitation layer is a time-enabled image service that shows average monthly precipitation from 2000 to the present, measured in millimeters. It is calculated by NASA using the Noah land surface model, run at 0.25 degree spatial resolution using satellite and ground-based observational data from the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS-1). The model is run with 3-hourly time steps and aggregated into monthly averages. Review the complete list of model inputs, explore the output data (in GRIB format), and see the full Hydrology Catalog for all related data and information!What can you do with this layer?This layer is suitable for both visualization and analysis. It can be used in ArcGIS Online in web maps and applications and can be used in ArcGIS for Desktop. It is useful for scientific modeling, but only at global scales.Time: This is a time-enabled layer. It shows the total evaporative loss during the map's time extent, or if time animation is disabled, a time range can be set using the layer's multidimensional settings. The map shows the sum of all months in the time extent. Minimum temporal resolution is one month; maximum is one year.Variables: This layer has two variables: rainfall and snowfall. By default the two are summed, but you can view either by itself using the multidimensional filter. You must disable time animation on the layer before using its multidimensional filter.Important: You must switch from the cartographic renderer to the analytic renderer in the processing template tab in the layer properties window before using this layer as an input to geoprocessing tools.This layer has query, identify, and export image services available.This layer is part of a larger collection of earth observation maps that you can use to perform a wide variety of mapping and analysis tasks.The Living Atlas of the World provides an easy way to explore the earth observation layers and many other beautiful and authoritative maps on hundreds of topics.Geonet is a good resource for learning more about earth observations layers and the Living Atlas of the World. Follow the Living Atlas on GeoNet.

[Metadata] Mean Annual Rainfall Isohyets in Millimeters for the Islands of Hawai‘i, Kaho‘olawe, Kaua‘i, Lāna‘i, Maui, Moloka‘i and O‘ahu. Source: 2011 Rainfall Atlas of Hawaii, https://www.hawaii.edu/climate-data-portal/rainfall-atlas. Note that Moloka‘I data/maps were updated in 2014. Please see Rainfall Atlas final report appendix for full method details: https://www.hawaii.edu/climate-data-portal/rainfall-atlas. Statewide GIS program staff downloaded data from UH Geography Department, Rainfall Atlas of Hawaii, February, 2019. Annual and monthly isohyets of mean rainfall were available for download. The statewide GIS program makes available only the annual layer. Both the monthly layers and the original annual layer are available from the Rainfall Atlas of Hawaii website, referenced above. Note: Contour attribute value represents the amount of annual rainfall, in millimeters, for that line/isohyet. For additional information, please see metadata at https://files.hawaii.gov/dbedt/op/gis/data/isohyets.pdf or contact Hawaii Statewide GIS Program, Office of Planning and Sustainable Development, State of Hawaii; PO Box 2359, Honolulu, Hi. 96804; (808) 587-2846; email: gis@hawaii.gov; Website: https://planning.hawaii.gov/gis.

The amount of rainfall forecasted during each time interval.

The accumulation of rain since the beginning of the forecast period.

The Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS) system is a core EOSDIS component which provides a scalable, responsive, highly available, and community standards based set of imagery services. These services are designed with the goal of advancing user interactions with EOSDIS’ inter-disciplinary data through enhanced visual representation and discovery.