ArcGIS Map Packages and GIS Data for Gillreath-Brown, Nagaoka, and Wolverton (2019)

**When using the GIS data included in these map packages, please cite all of the following:

Gillreath-Brown, Andrew, Lisa Nagaoka, and Steve Wolverton. A Geospatial Method for Estimating Soil Moisture Variability in Prehistoric Agricultural Landscapes, 2019. PLoSONE 14(8):e0220457. http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0220457

Gillreath-Brown, Andrew, Lisa Nagaoka, and Steve Wolverton. ArcGIS Map Packages for: A Geospatial Method for Estimating Soil Moisture Variability in Prehistoric Agricultural Landscapes, Gillreath-Brown et al., 2019. Version 1. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2572018

OVERVIEW OF CONTENTS

This repository contains map packages for Gillreath-Brown, Nagaoka, and Wolverton (2019), as well as the raw digital elevation model (DEM) and soils data, of which the analyses was based on. The map packages contain all GIS data associated with the analyses described and presented in the publication. The map packages were created in ArcGIS 10.2.2; however, the packages will work in recent versions of ArcGIS. (Note: I was able to open the packages in ArcGIS 10.6.1, when tested on February 17, 2019). The primary files contained in this repository are:

Raw DEM and Soils data

Digital Elevation Model Data (Map services and data available from U.S. Geological Survey, National Geospatial Program, and can be downloaded from the National Elevation Dataset)

DEM_Individual_Tiles: Individual DEM tiles prior to being merged (1/3 arc second) from USGS National Elevation Dataset.

DEMs_Merged: DEMs were combined into one layer. Individual watersheds (i.e., Goodman, Coffey, and Crow Canyon) were clipped from this combined DEM.

Soils Data (Map services and data available from Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey, U.S. Department of Agriculture)

Animas-Dolores_Area_Soils: Small portion of the soil mapunits cover the northeastern corner of the Coffey Watershed (CW).

Cortez_Area_Soils: Soils for Montezuma County, encompasses all of Goodman (GW) and Crow Canyon (CCW) watersheds, and a large portion of the Coffey watershed (CW).

ArcGIS Map Packages

Goodman_Watershed_Full_SMPM_Analysis: Map Package contains the necessary files to rerun the SMPM analysis on the full Goodman Watershed (GW).

Goodman_Watershed_Mesa-Only_SMPM_Analysis: Map Package contains the necessary files to rerun the SMPM analysis on the mesa-only Goodman Watershed.

Crow_Canyon_Watershed_SMPM_Analysis: Map Package contains the necessary files to rerun the SMPM analysis on the Crow Canyon Watershed (CCW).

Coffey_Watershed_SMPM_Analysis: Map Package contains the necessary files to rerun the SMPM analysis on the Coffey Watershed (CW).

For additional information on contents of the map packages, please see see "Map Packages Descriptions" or open a map package in ArcGIS and go to "properties" or "map document properties."

LICENSES

Code: MIT year: 2019 Copyright holders: Andrew Gillreath-Brown, Lisa Nagaoka, and Steve Wolverton

CONTACT

Andrew Gillreath-Brown, PhD Candidate, RPA Department of Anthropology, Washington State University andrew.brown1234@gmail.com – Email andrewgillreathbrown.wordpress.com – Web

Each drainage area is considered a Hydrologic Unit (HU) and is given a Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC) which serves as the unique identifier for the area. HUC 2s, 6s, 8s, 10s, & 12s, define the drainage Regions, Subregions, Basins, Subbasins, Watersheds and Subwatersheds, respectively, across the United States. Their boundaries are defined by hydrologic and topographic criteria that delineate an area of land upstream from a specific point on a river and are determined solely upon science based hydrologic principles, not favoring any administrative boundaries, special projects, or a particular program or agency. The Watershed Boundary Dataset is delineated and georeferenced to the USGS 1:24,000 scale topographic basemap.Hydrologic Units are delineated to nest in a multi-level, hierarchical drainage system with corresponding HUCs, so that as you move from small scale to large scale the HUC digits increase in increments of two. For example, the very largest HUCs have 2 digits, and thus are referred to as HUC 2s, and the very smallest HUCs have 12 digits, and thus are referred to as HUC 12s.Dataset SummaryPhenomenon Mapped: Watersheds in the United States, as delineated by the Watershed Boundary Dataset (WBD)Geographic Extent: Contiguous United States, Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, US Virgin Islands, Northern Marianas Islands and American SamoaProjection: Web MercatorUpdate Frequency: AnnualVisible Scale: Visible at all scales, however USGS recommends this dataset should not be used for scales of 1:24,000 or larger.Source: United States Geological Survey (WBD)Data Vintage: January 7, 2025What can you do with this layer?This layer is suitable for both visualization and analysis acrossthe ArcGIS system. This layer can be combined with your data and other layers from the ArcGIS Living Atlas of the World in ArcGIS Online and ArcGIS Pro to create powerful web maps that can be used alone or in a story map or other application. Because this layer is part of the ArcGIS Living Atlas of the World it is easy to add to your map:In ArcGIS Online, you can add this layer to a map by selecting Add then Browse Living Atlas Layers. A window will open. Type "Watershed Boundary Dataset" in the search box and browse to the layer. Select the layer then click Add to Map. In ArcGIS Pro, open a map and select Add Data from the Map Tab. Select Data at the top of the drop down menu. The Add Data dialog box will open on the left side of the box, expand Portal if necessary, then select Living Atlas. Type "Watershed Boundary Dataset" in the search box, browse to the layer then click OK.Questions?Please leave a comment below if you have a question about this layer, and we will get back to you as soon as possible.

Each drainage area is considered a Hydrologic Unit (HU) and is given a Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC) which serves as the unique identifier for the area. HUC 2s, 6s, 8s, 10s, & 12s, define the drainage Regions, Subregions, Basins, Subbasins, Watersheds and Subwatersheds, respectively, across the United States. Their boundaries are defined by hydrologic and topographic criteria that delineate an area of land upstream from a specific point on a river and are determined solely upon science based hydrologic principles, not favoring any administrative boundaries, special projects, or a particular program or agency. The Watershed Boundary Dataset is delineated and georeferenced to the USGS 1:24,000 scale topographic basemap.Hydrologic Units are delineated to nest in a multi-level, hierarchical drainage system with corresponding HUCs, so that as you move from small scale to large scale the HUC digits increase in increments of two. For example, the very largest HUCs have 2 digits, and thus are referred to as HUC 2s, and the very smallest HUCs have 12 digits, and thus are referred to as HUC 12s.Dataset SummaryPhenomenon Mapped: Watersheds in the United States, as delineated by the Watershed Boundary Dataset (WBD)Geographic Extent: Contiguous United States, Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, US Virgin Islands, Northern Marianas Islands and American SamoaProjection: Web MercatorUpdate Frequency: AnnualVisible Scale: Visible at all scales, however USGS recommends this dataset should not be used for scales of 1:24,000 or larger.Source: United States Geological Survey (WBD)Data Vintage: January 7, 2025What can you do with this layer?This layer is suitable for both visualization and analysis acrossthe ArcGIS system. This layer can be combined with your data and other layers from the ArcGIS Living Atlas of the World in ArcGIS Online and ArcGIS Pro to create powerful web maps that can be used alone or in a story map or other application. Because this layer is part of the ArcGIS Living Atlas of the World it is easy to add to your map:In ArcGIS Online, you can add this layer to a map by selecting Add then Browse Living Atlas Layers. A window will open. Type "subsidence" in the search box and browse to the layer. Select the layer then click Add to Map. In ArcGIS Pro, open a map and select Add Data from the Map Tab. Select Data at the top of the drop down menu. The Add Data dialog box will open on the left side of the box, expand Portal if necessary, then select Living Atlas. Type "subsidence" in the search box, browse to the layer then click OK.Questions?Please leave a comment below if you have a question about this layer, and we will get back to you as soon as possible.

Each drainage area is considered a Hydrologic Unit (HU) and is given a Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC) which serves as the unique identifier for the area. HUC 2s, 6s, 8s, 10s, & 12s, define the drainage Regions, Subregions, Basins, Subbasins, Watersheds and Subwatersheds, respectively, across the United States. Their boundaries are defined by hydrologic and topographic criteria that delineate an area of land upstream from a specific point on a river and are determined solely upon science based hydrologic principles, not favoring any administrative boundaries, special projects, or a particular program or agency. The Watershed Boundary Dataset is delineated and georeferenced to the USGS 1:24,000 scale topographic basemap.Hydrologic Units are delineated to nest in a multi-level, hierarchical drainage system with corresponding HUCs, so that as you move from small scale to large scale the HUC digits increase in increments of two. For example, the very largest HUCs have 2 digits, and thus are referred to as HUC 2s, and the very smallest HUCs have 12 digits, and thus are referred to as HUC 12s.Dataset SummaryPhenomenon Mapped: Watersheds in the United States, as delineated by the Watershed Boundary Dataset (WBD)Geographic Extent: Contiguous United States, Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, US Virgin Islands, Northern Marianas Islands and American SamoaProjection: Web MercatorUpdate Frequency: AnnualVisible Scale: Visible at all scales, however USGS recommends this dataset should not be used for scales of 1:24,000 or larger.Source: United States Geological Survey (WBD)Data Vintage: January 7, 2025What can you do with this layer?This layer is suitable for both visualization and analysis acrossthe ArcGIS system. This layer can be combined with your data and other layers from the ArcGIS Living Atlas of the World in ArcGIS Online and ArcGIS Pro to create powerful web maps that can be used alone or in a story map or other application. Because this layer is part of the ArcGIS Living Atlas of the World it is easy to add to your map:In ArcGIS Online, you can add this layer to a map by selecting Add then Browse Living Atlas Layers. A window will open. Type "Watershed Boundary Dataset" in the search box and browse to the layer. Select the layer then click Add to Map. In ArcGIS Pro, open a map and select Add Data from the Map Tab. Select Data at the top of the drop down menu. The Add Data dialog box will open on the left side of the box, expand Portal if necessary, then select Living Atlas. Type "Watershed Boundary Dataset" in the search box, browse to the layer then click OK.Questions?Please leave a comment below if you have a question about this layer, and we will get back to you as soon as possible.

As established by WAC 222-22-020, the state is divided into areas known as watershed administrative units (WAUs). WAU boundaries are defined by the Department of Natural Resources (DNR) in cooperation with the departments of Ecology, Fish and Wildlife, affected Indian tribes, local governments, forest land owners, and the public. This dataset is intended for use at 1:24,000 scale. WAU's are used by the Timber/Fish/Wildlife cooperators as the boundaries for watershed analysis studies and other natural resources management purposes on state and privately owned lands. WAU represents the administrative boundaries of 846 units. The boundaries are mainly along drainage divides (ridges), with some along rivers and other Washington State Department of Natural Resources (DNR) management boundaries. In the forested areas of the state WAUs range in size from 3,822 to 297,614 acres with a mean of 40,187 acres and a standard deviation of 26,697 acres. On the Columbia Plateau WAU areas range in size from 35,098 to 1,765,555 acres. This version of the WAU boundaries is current as of April 2006. Administrative boundaries based on hydrology form a general hierarchy. Water Resource Inventory Areas (WRIAs) are the largest unit, BASINs are subunits of WRIAs, and WAUs are subunits of BASINs. However, boundaries in this hierarchy do not necessarliy match in all areas. Where watershed analysis was been conducted, WAU boundaries may cross WRIA lines. Do not use WAU to derive WRIA boundaries. WRIA is managed and maintained by the Washington Department of Ecology.

For more information, see the Aquatic Significant Habitats Factsheet at https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=150855. The California Department of Fish and Wildlife’s (CDFW) Areas of Conservation Emphasis (ACE) is a compilation and analysis of the best-available statewide spatial information in California on biodiversity, rarity and endemism, harvested species, significant habitats, connectivity and wildlife movement, climate vulnerability, climate refugia, and other relevant data (e.g., other conservation priorities such as those identified in the State Wildlife Action Plan (SWAP), stressors, land ownership). ACE addresses both terrestrial and aquatic data. The ACE model combines and analyzes terrestrial information in a 2.5 square mile hexagon grid and aquatic information at the HUC12 watershed level across the state to produce a series of maps for use in non-regulatory evaluation of conservation priorities in California. The model addresses as many of CDFWs statewide conservation and recreational mandates as feasible using high quality data sources. High value areas statewide and in each USDA Ecoregion were identified. The ACE maps and data can be viewed in the ACE online map viewer, or downloaded for use in ArcGIS. For more detailed information see https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/Data/Analysis/ACE and https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=24326.

This resource contains data inputs and a Jupyter Notebook that is used to introduce Hydrologic Analysis using Terrain Analysis Using Digital Elevation Models (TauDEM) and Python. TauDEM is a free and open-source set of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) tools developed at Utah State University for the extraction and analysis of hydrologic information from topography. This resource is part of a HydroLearn Physical Hydrology learning module available at https://edx.hydrolearn.org/courses/course-v1:Utah_State_University+CEE6400+2019_Fall/about

In this activity, the student learns how to (1) derive hydrologically useful information from Digital Elevation Models (DEMs); (2) describe the sequence of steps involved in mapping stream networks, catchments, and watersheds; and (3) compute an approximate water balance for a watershed-based on publicly available data.

Please note that this exercise is designed for the Logan River watershed, which drains to USGS streamflow gauge 10109000 located just east of Logan, Utah. However, this Jupyter Notebook and the analysis can readily be applied to other locations of interest. If running the terrain analysis for other study sites, you need to prepare a DEM TIF file, an outlet shapefile for the area of interest, and the average annual streamflow and precipitation data. - There are several sources to obtain DEM data. In the U.S., the DEM data (with different spatial resolutions) can be obtained from the National Elevation Dataset available from the national map (http://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/). Another DEM data source is the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (https://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/srtm/), an international research effort that obtained digital elevation models on a near-global scale (search for Digital Elevation at https://www.usgs.gov/centers/eros/science/usgs-eros-archive-products-overview?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects). - If not already available, you can generate the outlet shapefile by applying basic terrain analysis steps in geospatial information system models such as ArcGIS or QGIS. - You also need to obtain average annual streamflow and precipitation data for the watershed of interest to assess the annual water balance and calculate the runoff ratio in this exercise. In the U.S., the streamflow data can be obtained from the USGS NWIS website (https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis) and the precipitation from PRISM (https://prism.oregonstate.edu/normals/). Note that using other datasets may require preprocessing steps to make data ready to use for this exercise.

Draft of the Geographies of the Watershed Improvement Program (WIP) Capacity Assessments for reference only. (This is a draft for resolution refinements of the watershed boundaries.) If you wish to be contacted when the final file is posted contact john.tangenberg @ sierranevada.ca.gov or use the dynamic service found at in your map document as it will automatically update. https://snc.maps.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=6843fd5e35cf42e4a5c0c4fa548b1df8A WIP Capacity Assessment Geography is an aggregation of WIP watersheds More info on the WIP Watersheds can be found here:https://snc.maps.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=f38517016ee54e7998ecade01f1a17eb

This data release includes GIS datasets supporting the Colorado Legacy Mine Lands Watershed Delineation and Scoring tool (WaDeS), a web mapping application available at https://geonarrative.usgs.gov/colmlwades/. Water chemistry data were compiled from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water Information System (NWIS), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) STORET database, and the USGS Central Colorado Assessment Project (CCAP) (Church and others, 2009). The CCAP study area was used for this application. Samples were summarized at each monitoring station and hardness-dependent chronic and acute toxicity thresholds for aquatic life protections under Colorado Regulation No. 31 (CDPHE, 5 CCR 1002-31) for cadmium, copper, lead, and/or zinc were calculated. Samples were scored according to how metal concentrations compared with acute and chronic toxicity thresholds. The results were used in combination with remote sensing derived hydrothermal alteration (Rockwell and Bonham, 2017) and mine-related features (Horton and San Juan, 2016) to identify potential mine remediation sites within the headwaters of the central Colorado mineral belt. Headwaters were defined by watersheds delineated from a 10-meter digital elevation dataset (DEM), ranging in 5-35 square kilometers in size. Python and R scripts used to derive these products are included with this data release as documentation of the processing steps and to enable users to adapt the methods for their own applications. References Church, S.E., San Juan, C.A., Fey, D.L., Schmidt, T.S., Klein, T.L. DeWitt, E.H., Wanty, R.B., Verplanck, P.L., Mitchell, K.A., Adams, M.G., Choate, L.M., Todorov, T.I., Rockwell, B.W., McEachron, Luke, and Anthony, M.W., 2012, Geospatial database for regional environmental assessment of central Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 614, 76 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds614. Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (CDPHE), Water Quality Control Commission 5 CCR 1002-31. Regulation No. 31 The Basic Standards and Methodologies for Surface Water. Effective 12/31/2021, accessed on July 28, 2023 at https://cdphe.colorado.gov/water-quality-control-commission-regulations. Horton, J.D., and San Juan, C.A., 2022, Prospect- and mine-related features from U.S. Geological Survey 7.5- and 15-minute topographic quadrangle maps of the United States (ver. 8.0, September 2022): U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F78W3CHG. Rockwell, B.W. and Bonham, L.C., 2017, Digital maps of hydrothermal alteration type, key mineral groups, and green vegetation of the western United States derived from automated analysis of ASTER satellite data: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F7CR5RK7.

This layer shows a multi-component analysis for California stream gage priorities at the Hydrologic Unit Code 12 (HUC12) watershed resolution. The Stream Gage Prioritization Analysis is part of the Senate Bill 19 Stream Gaging Plan, which seeks to prioritize areas for additional stream gaging efforts. The dataset includes the gaged proportion of each HUC12 based on a Gage Gap Analysis and information on prioritization results based on five management criteria. The management criteria include scores for ecosystem, water quality, water supply, flood, and reference gages. The priorities are the top scoring 200 watersheds for each management criteria area, for a total of 921 watersheds with overlap between the priorities. The 921 priorities are assigned a primary (highest scoring) benefit. Included is the presence of gages that could be reactivated or upgraded in the watershed. The presence of underrepresented communities, as defined in the Department of Water Resources DAC Mapping Tool, is also noted for each watershed.parameterRangeDescriptionhuc124469California huc12 watershed, of which there are 4469 totalhuc12_name Name of the huc12 watershedhuc101039California huc10 watershed, of which there are 1039 totalhuc10_name Name of the huc10 watershedfirst_in_huc100 or 1first time this huc10 appears in a ranked list; for hucXX_multibenefit, the master rank is hucXX_rank_combinedprimary benefit top scoring management criteria, if in top 100 or 200; if "multibenefit topranks", it scores in top 100 in multiple categories; if "combined above median", it scores in the top 200 in no categories but the sum of the scores is in the top 200prop_need_gage0 - 1Proportion of huc12 watershed that is ungaged, by stream segment lengthhuc12_gg_combined0 - 4Sum ecosystem_gg, watersupply_gg, waterquality_gg, and flood_gghuc12_gg_combined_ref0 - 5Same as huc12_gg_combined plus reference_priority_score_01ecosystem_gg0 – 1Final ecosystem score = ecosystem_raw x prop_need_gageecosystem_rank1-4096Final ecosystem ranking based on ecosystem_gg, with 1 the highest. Equal scores receive equal highest rank.ecosystem_raw0 - 1Raw management priority score, without gage gapwaterquality_gg0 – 1Final waterquality score = waterquality_raw x prop_need_gagewaterquality_rank1 - 1299Final waterquality ranking based on waterquality_gg, with 1 the highest. Equal scores receive equal highest rank.waterquality_raw0 - 1Raw management priority score, without gage gapwatersupply_gg0 – 1Final watersupply score = watersupply_raw x prop_need_gagewatersupply_rank1-3166Final watersupply ranking based on watersupply_gg, with 1 the highest. Equal scores receive equal highest rank.watersupply_raw0 - 1Raw management priority score, without gage gapflood_gg0 – 1Final flood score = flood_raw x prop_need_gageflood_rank1-4025Final flood ranking based on flood_gg , with 1 the highest. Equal scores receive equal highest rank.flood_raw0 - 1Raw management priority score, without gage gapref_priority_score_010 – 1Final reference gage score = (1 – gagepair_score) * ref_impairment_scorereference_rank1 – 2231 (4469)Final reference ranking based on ref_priority_score_01, with 1 the highest. Equal scores receive equal highest rank.gagepair_score0- 1Final gage pairing score, which indicates how well each watershed matches to the best fit reference gage. 1 indicates a perfect match. site_id_upgrade Gage ID of top-scoring upgrade gage in this watershedsite_name_upgrade Gage name of top-scoring upgrade gage in this watershedgage_upgrade_spatial_history_score0 - 1Final gage spatial marginal benefit score, where 1 is a high spatial marginal benefit and 0 is redundant with another gage. No history component for upgrade gagessite_id_reactivate Gage ID of top-scoring inactive gage in this watershedsite_name_reactivate Gage name of top-scoring inactive gage in this watershedgage_reactivate_spatial_history_score0 - 1Final combined gage spatial marginal benefit and gage history score, where 1 is a high spatial marginal benefit with a long and/or recent active gage history and 0 is redundant with another gage and/or indicates a very temporary gage. ecosystem priority1, 0.5, 0Score = 1 is rank 1-100; Score = 0.5 is rank 101-200 for ecosystemwaterquality priority1, 0.5, 0Score = 1 is rank 1-100; Score = 0.5 is rank 101-200 for waterqualitywatersupply priority1, 0.5, 0Score = 1 is rank 1-100; Score = 0.5 is rank 101-200 for watersupplyflood priority1, 0.5, 0Score = 1 is rank 1-100; Score = 0.5 is rank 101-200 for floodreference priority1, 0.5, 0Score = 1 is rank 1-100; Score = 0.5 is rank 101-200 for referencescoresum priority1, 0.5, 0Score = 1 is rank 1-100; Score = 0.5 is rank 101-200 for raw score summarynum_of_ind_priority0 - 5Score = ecosystem priority + waterquality_priority + watersupply_priority + flood_priority + reference_prioritydac_type indicates if there is a Disadvantaged Community (DAC) present in the watershed, with data equal to severe DAC (SDAC), DAC, not a DAC (community is present), no data (community is present), or no census data (area not analyzed for DAC)

Narragansett Bay, Little Narragansett Bay, and the Southwest Coastal Ponds are the three estuarine study areas under the purview of the Narragansett Bay Estuary Program. This dataset represents the watershed boundaries for the three estuaries, i.e., the areal extent of surface water drainage to the three estuaries, based on topographic, hydrologic, and other relevant landscape characteristics. The boundaries of the Narragansett Bay and the Southwest Coastal Ponds watersheds are sourced from the U.S. Geological Survey Watershed Boundary Dataset (WBD) which contains a nested, hierarchical system of hydrologic units. The boundaries of the Little Narragansett Bay watershed were constructed by combining WBD hydrologic unit boundaries for the Wood-Pawcatuck with an NBEP-delineated watershed area for the western portion of Little Narragansett Bay (which comprised a smaller outlet than any hydrologic unit available in the WBD). Watershed boundaries were updated with NBEP’s estuarine coastline delineation (for details about NBEP’s coastline delineation, see metadata for BAYS_NBEP2019). This dataset is intended for use in general planning, GIS analysis, and mapping at watershed and subwatershed scales. For more information, please reference the 2017 State of Narragansett Bay & Its Watershed Technical Report (nbep.org).