In 2023, 35.7 percent of children aged 19 and under in the U.S. had Medicaid health insurance, this share was slightly higher in comparison to the previous year. This statistic illustrates the distribution of children aged 19 and under with Medicaid coverage in the United States (U.S.) from 2017 to 2023.

The number of children enrolled in Medicaid was projected to reach 31 million by 2027, which would account for nearly 40 percent of total enrollment. Historically, children have been the largest group of Medicaid enrollees.

CHIP builds on Medicaid’s coverage The Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP) provides insurance coverage to children in families with incomes too high to qualify for Medicaid but too low to pay for private health insurance – there were approximately 9.6 million CHIP enrollees in 2018. CHIP is jointly financed by states and the federal government, but each state can decide how to design its program: they can implement it by expanding Medicaid, creating a separate plan, or a combination of both approaches.

Income eligibility levels for children The introduction of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) strengthened children’s health coverage by expanding eligibility levels in all states. For children of all ages, the ACA established a minimum Medicaid eligibility level of 138 percent of the federal poverty level (FPL), but many states have set higher income limits. In 2020, the median upper income eligibility level for children for Medicaid/CHIP was 255 percent of the FPL.

In 2023, some 47.6 percent of Medicaid and CHIP enrollees were aged between 18 and 64 years, while adults aged 65 years accounted for only eight percent of enrollees. Medicaid program is funded jointly by the federal and the state governments, it provided coverage to nearly 19.5 percent of the U.S. population in 2022. Medicaid vs CHIPMedicaid and the Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP) both provide health insurance coverage for children from low-income families. Children who are not eligible for Medicaid but who would otherwise be unable to obtain insurance through a family plan are covered by CHIP. More than five million children were enrolled in CHIP in the U.S. in 2023. Medicaid and CHIP funding rateThe Federal Medical Assistance Percentages (FMAPs) are used to calculate the amount of federal matching funds for State Medicare and CHIP programs. To encourage states to expand coverage for uninsured children the federal matching rates for CHIP are generally 15 points higher than the Medicaid rate. However, unlike permanent federal funding for Medicaid, CHIP federal funding is capped and due to expire in FY 2027.

This data set includes annual counts and percentages of Medicaid and Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP) enrollees who received a well-child visit paid for by Medicaid or CHIP, overall and by five subpopulation topics: age group, race and ethnicity, urban or rural residence, program type, and primary language. These results were generated using Transformed Medicaid Statistical Information System (T-MSIS) Analytic Files (TAF) Release 1 data and the Race/Ethnicity Imputation Companion File. This data set includes Medicaid and CHIP enrollees in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands, except where otherwise noted. Enrollees in Guam, American Samoa, and the Northern Mariana Islands are not included. Results include enrollees with comprehensive Medicaid or CHIP benefits for all 12 months of the year and who were younger than age 19 at the end of the calendar year. Results shown for the race and ethnicity subpopulation topic exclude enrollees in the U.S. Virgin Islands. Results shown for the primary language subpopulation topic exclude select states with data quality issues with the primary language variable in TAF. Some rows in the data set have a value of "DS," which indicates that data were suppressed according to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services’ Cell Suppression Policy for values between 1 and 10. This data set is based on the brief: "Medicaid and CHIP enrollees who received a well-child visit in 2020." Enrollees are identified as receiving a well-child visit in the year according to the Line 6 criteria in the Form CMS-416 reporting instructions. Enrollees are assigned to an age group subpopulation using age as of December 31st of the calendar year. Enrollees are assigned to a race and ethnicity subpopulation using the state-reported race and ethnicity information in TAF when it is available and of good quality; if it is missing or unreliable, race and ethnicity is indirectly estimated using an enhanced version of Bayesian Improved Surname Geocoding (BISG) (Race and ethnicity of the national Medicaid and CHIP population in 2020). Enrollees are assigned to an urban or rural subpopulation based on the 2010 Rural-Urban Commuting Area (RUCA) code associated with their home or mailing address ZIP code in TAF (Rural Medicaid and CHIP enrollees in 2020). Enrollees are assigned to a program type subpopulation based on the CHIP code and eligibility group code that applies to the majority of their enrolled-months during the year (Medicaid-Only Enrollment; M-CHIP and S-CHIP Enrollment). Enrollees are assigned to a primary language subpopulation based on their reported ISO language code in TAF (English/missing, Spanish, and all other language codes) (Primary Language). Please refer to the full brief for additional context about the methodology and detailed findings. Future updates to this data set will include more recent data years as the TAF data become available.

In the state of California, there were approximately 5.2 million children enrolled in Medicaid and CHIP insurance plans in October 2023. Additionally, Texas, Florida, and New York all had more than 2.5 million children enrolled in the programs. How many people are enrolled in Medicaid/CHIP? State Medicaid programs provide medical coverage to millions of Americans, including children, pregnant women, and parents. The Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP) was introduced in 1997 to help uninsured children who were previously not eligible for Medicaid. The total number of individuals enrolled in Medicaid and CHIP was approximately 82.8 million in May 2021, and California has the largest state program. How is income eligibility determined? The Affordable Care Act established a new methodology to assess income eligibility for Medicaid and CHIP. The adoption of the Modified Adjusted Gross Income (MAGI) methodology helped to align eligibility rules that previously varied nationwide. In general, an individual’s eligibility is now determined by their MAGI and where it falls in relation to the federal poverty level (FPL). For Medicaid and CHIP plans across all states in 2021, the median upper income eligibility level for children was 255 percent of the FPL.

This table represents details of Medicaid (coverage for children). Medicaid (coverage for children) is available for many children in working families. Most children who are eligible for Medicaid (coverage for children) do receive their medical care through a health plan, and visit doctors and hospitals that accept that health plan. While ones application is being processed, Medicaid (coverage for children) may provide up to 90 days of retroactive coverage for unpaid medical bills, if eligible during those 90 days

California has more Medicaid and CHIP enrollees than any other state in the United States. As of April 2023, approximately ** million Americans were enrolled in the Medicaid health insurance programs in California, which accounted for approximately ** percent of the total number of Medicaid enrollees nationwide (**** million). Blow to Medicaid expansion plans California is one of many states that has expanded its Medicaid program under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) to encourage more low-income adults to sign up for health coverage. One of the original aims of the ACA was to limit some of the variations in state Medicaid programs, but the Supreme Court ruled that the expansion should be optional. Governors of the states that did not expand said they were concerned about long-term costs. California is the leading state for Medicaid expenditure, spending approximately **** billion U.S. dollars in FY2020. Health coverage for children The Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP) was created as a complement to Medicaid, expanding the reach of government-funded health coverage to more children in low-income families. As of May 2021, over **** million children were enrolled in Medicaid/CHIP programs in California, more than any other state. As of January 2021, the median Medicaid/CHIP eligibility level for children was *** percent of the federal poverty level.

This data set includes annual counts and percentages of Medicaid and Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP) enrollees who received a well-child visit paid for by Medicaid or CHIP, overall and by five subpopulation topics: age group, race and ethnicity, urban or rural residence, program type, and primary language. These results were generated using Transformed Medicaid Statistical Information System (T-MSIS) Analytic Files (TAF) Release 1 data and the Race/Ethnicity Imputation Companion File. This data set includes Medicaid and CHIP enrollees in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands, except where otherwise noted. Enrollees in Guam, American Samoa, and the Northern Mariana Islands are not included. Results include enrollees with comprehensive Medicaid or CHIP benefits for all 12 months of the year and who were younger than age 19 at the end of the calendar year. Results shown for the race and ethnicity subpopulation topic exclude enrollees in the U.S. Virgin Islands. Results shown for the primary language subpopulation topic exclude select states with data quality issues with the primary language variable in TAF. Some rows in the data set have a value of "DS," which indicates that data were suppressed according to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services’ Cell Suppression Policy for values between 1 and 10. This data set is based on the brief: "Medicaid and CHIP enrollees who received a well-child visit in 2020." Enrollees are identified as receiving a well-child visit in the year according to the Line 6 criteria in the Form CMS-416 reporting instructions. Enrollees are assigned to an age group subpopulation using age as of December 31st of the calendar year. Enrollees are assigned to a race and ethnicity subpopulation using the state-reported race and ethnicity information in TAF when it is available and of good quality; if it is missing or unreliable, race and ethnicity is indirectly estimated using an enhanced version of Bayesian Improved Surname Geocoding (BISG) (Race and ethnicity of the national Medicaid and CHIP population in 2020). Enrollees are assigned to an urban or rural subpopulation based on the 2010 Rural-Urban Commuting Area (RUCA) code associated with their home or mailing address ZIP code in TAF (Rural Medicaid and CHIP enrollees in 2020). Enrollees are assigned to a program type subpopulation based on the CHIP code and eligibility group code that applies to the majority of their enrolled-months during the year (Medicaid-Only Enrollment; M-CHIP and S-CHIP Enrollment). Enrollees are assigned to a primary language subpopulation based on their reported ISO language code in TAF (English/missing, Spanish, and all other language codes) (Primary Language). Please refer to the full brief for additional context about the methodology and detailed findings. Future updates to this data set will include more recent data years as the TAF data become available.

Medicaid is an important public health insurance for individuals with a low income, those that are pregnant, disabled or are children. It was projected that by 2020 there would be approximately 76.7 million Medicaid enrollees. By 2027 that number is expected to increase to 82 million individuals covered.

Medicaid in the focus

Medicaid has recently been in the news for several reasons. A proposed Medicaid expansion was announced with the implementation of the Affordable Care Act in 2010. According to the expansion, all states were given the option to expand Medicaid programs to help provide insurance coverage to millions of U.S. Americans. As of 2019, 32 states have accepted federal funding to expand their Medicaid programs. Medicaid, after Medicare and private insurance, provides a significant proportion of the total health expenditures in the United States. In general, Medicaid expenditure, like the number of enrollees, has been growing over time.

Medicaid demographics

A significant proportion of Medicaid enrollees in the U.S. are children and low-income adults. Despite children accounting for most of the enrollees in the Medicaid program, the largest percentage of expenditures for Medicaid is dedicated to those enrolled as a disabled individual. Expenditures for the program also vary regionally. The states with the highest Medicaid expenditures include California, New York and Texas, to name a few.

The following table provides eligibility levels in each state for key coverage groups that use Modified Adjusted Gross Income (MAGI), as of April 1, 2018. The data represent the principal, but not all, MAGI coverage groups in Medicaid, the Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP), and the Basic Health Program (BHP). All income standards are expressed as a percentage of the federal poverty level (FPL). The MAGI-based rules generally include adjusting an individual’s income by an amount equivalent to a 5% FPL disregard. Other eligibility criteria also apply, such as citizenship, immigration status, and state residency. For more information, see: https://www.medicaid.gov/medicaid/program-information/medicaid-and-chip-eligibility-levels/index.html

This dataset includes total enrollment in separate CHIP (S-CHIP) programs by month and state from April 2023 forward. Sources: T-MSIS Analytic Files (TAF) and state-submitted enrollment totals. The data notes indicate when a state’s monthly total was a state-submitted value, rather than from T-MSIS. Methods: Enrollment includes individuals enrolled in S-CHIP at any point during the coverage month, excluding those enrolled in dental-only coverage. The S-CHIP enrollment in this report also excludes enrollees covered by Medicaid expansion CHIP, a program in which a state receives federal funding to expand Medicaid eligibility to optional targeted low-income children that meets the requirements of section 2103 of the Social Security Act. If an individual is enrolled in both Medicaid or Medicaid-expansion CHIP and S-CHIP in a given month, TAF picks the program in which they were last enrolled. Unless S-CHIP enrollment counts are replaced with a state-submitted value, each state's monthly S-CHIP enrollment is equal to the number of unique people in TAF with a CHIP_CODE = 3 (S-CHIP) and ELGBLTY_GRP_CD not equal to ‘66’ (Children Eligible for Dental Only Supplemental Coverage). More information about TAF is available at https://www.medicaid.gov/medicaid/data-systems/macbis/medicaid-chip-research-files/transformed-medicaid-statistical-information-system-t-msis-analytic-files-taf/index.html. Note: A historic dataset with S-CHIP enrollment by month and state from April 2023 to June 2024 is also available at: https://data.medicaid.gov/dataset/d30cfc7c-4b32-4df1-b2bf-e0a850befd77. This historic dataset was created to fulfill reporting requirements under section 1902(tt)(1) of the Social Security Act, which was added by section 5131(b) of subtitle D of title V of division FF of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023 (P.L. 117-328) (CAA, 2023). Please note that the methods used to count S-CHIP enrollees differ slightly between the two datasets; as a result, data users should exercise caution if comparing S-CHIP enrollment across the two datasets. State notes: Alaska, District of Columbia, Hawaii, New Hampshire, New Mexico, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, South Carolina, Vermont, and Wyoming do not have S-CHIP programs. Maryland has an S-CHIP program for the from conception to end of pregnancy group that began in July 2023; April 2023 - June 2023 data for Maryland represents retroactive coverage. Oregon moved all its S-CHIP enrollees, other than those in the from conception to the end of pregnancy group, to a Medicaid-expansion CHIP program effective January 1, 2024. CHIP: Children's Health Insurance Program

Children accounted for 36.5 percent of Medicaid enrollees in 2021, which was the largest share of all enrollment groups. The elderly and persons with disabilities had the smallest shares, but together they accounted for more than half of all Medicaid expenditure.

Medicaid expenditures per enrollee Medicaid is a joint federal and state health care program in the United States. The program provides medical coverage to millions of Americans and supports a variety of enrollment groups, particularly senior citizens and individuals with disabilities. Medicaid per enrollee spending is significantly higher for these two groups because they require more frequent and costly long-term care in the community and nursing homes. In 2022 of the total U.S. health expenditure on home health care, Medicaid paid one-third.

Millions of Americans are uninsured The United States has a multi-payer health care system, meaning that some Americans will be covered by private health insurance, and others will be covered by a government program such as Medicaid. However, approximately 27.6 million people in the U.S. had no health insurance in 2021, and should they require health care, they would have to pay the full price out of their own pocket. This becomes a real problem for many because the United States has the most expensive health care system in the world.

This data set presents annual enrollment counts of Medicaid and CHIP beneficiaries by major eligibility group (children, adult expansion group, adult, aged, persons with disabilities, or COVID newly-eligible). There are three metrics presented: (1) the number of beneficiaries ever enrolled in each major eligibility group over the year (duplicated count); (2) the number of beneficiaries enrolled in each major eligibility group as of an individual’s last month of enrollment (unduplicated count); and (3) average monthly enrollment in each major eligibility group.

These metrics are based on data in the T-MSIS Analytic Files (TAF). Some states have serious data quality issues, making the data unusable for calculating these measures. To assess data quality, analysts used measures featured in the DQ Atlas. Data for a state and year are considered unusable or of high concern based on DQ Atlas thresholds for the topic Eligibility Group Code. Please refer to the DQ Atlas at http://medicaid.gov/dq-atlas for more information about data quality assessment methods.

Some cells have a value of “DS”. This indicates that data were suppressed for confidentiality reasons because the group included fewer than 11 beneficiaries.

This data set includes annual counts and percentages of Medicaid and Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP) enrollees who received mental health (MH) or substance use disorder (SUD) services, overall and by six subpopulation topics: age group, sex or gender identity, race and ethnicity, urban or rural residence, eligibility category, and primary language. These results were generated using Transformed Medicaid Statistical Information System (T-MSIS) Analytic Files (TAF) Release 1 data and the Race/Ethnicity Imputation Companion File. This data set includes Medicaid and CHIP enrollees in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands, ages 12 to 64 at the end of the calendar year, who were not dually eligible for Medicare and were continuously enrolled with comprehensive benefits for 12 months, with no more than one gap in enrollment exceeding 45 days. Enrollees who received services for both an MH condition and SUD in the year are counted toward both condition categories. Enrollees in Guam, American Samoa, the Northern Mariana Islands, and select states with TAF data quality issues are not included. Results shown for the race and ethnicity subpopulation topic exclude enrollees in the U.S. Virgin Islands. Results shown for the primary language subpopulation topic exclude select states with data quality issues with the primary language variable in TAF. Some rows in the data set have a value of "DS," which indicates that data were suppressed according to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services’ Cell Suppression Policy for values between 1 and 10. This data set is based on the brief: "Medicaid and CHIP enrollees who received mental health or SUD services in 2020." Enrollees are assigned to an age group subpopulation using age as of December 31st of the calendar year. Enrollees are assigned to a sex or gender identity subpopulation using their latest reported sex in the calendar year. Enrollees are assigned to a race and ethnicity subpopulation using the state-reported race and ethnicity information in TAF when it is available and of good quality; if it is missing or unreliable, race and ethnicity is indirectly estimated using an enhanced version of Bayesian Improved Surname Geocoding (BISG) (Race and ethnicity of the national Medicaid and CHIP population in 2020). Enrollees are assigned to an urban or rural subpopulation based on the 2010 Rural-Urban Commuting Area (RUCA) code associated with their home or mailing address ZIP code in TAF (Rural Medicaid and CHIP enrollees in 2020). Enrollees are assigned to an eligibility category subpopulation using their latest reported eligibility group code, CHIP code, and age in the calendar year. Enrollees are assigned to a primary language subpopulation based on their reported ISO language code in TAF (English/missing, Spanish, and all other language codes) (Primary Language). Please refer to the full brief for additional context about the methodology and detailed findings. Future updates to this data set will include more recent data years as the TAF data become available.

This data set includes annual counts and percentages of Medicaid and Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP) enrollees by urban or rural residence. Results are shown overall; by state; and by four subpopulation topics: scope of Medicaid and CHIP benefits, race and ethnicity, disability-related eligibility category, and managed care participation. These results were generated using Transformed Medicaid Statistical Information System (T-MSIS) Analytic Files (TAF) Release 1 data and the Race/Ethnicity Imputation Companion File. This data set includes Medicaid and CHIP enrollees in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands who were enrolled for at least one day in the calendar year, except where otherwise noted. Enrollees in Guam, American Samoa, and the Northern Mariana Islands are not included. Results shown overall (where subpopulation topic is "Total enrollees") and for the race and ethnicity subpopulation topic exclude enrollees in the U.S. Virgin Islands. Results shown for the race and ethnicity, disability category, and managed care participation subpopulation topics only include Medicaid and CHIP enrollees with comprehensive benefits. Results shown for the disability category subpopulation topic only include working-age adults (ages 19 to 64). Results for states with TAF data quality issues in the year have a value of "Unusable data." Some rows in the data set have a value of "DS," which indicates that data were suppressed according to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services’ Cell Suppression Policy for values between 1 and 10. This data set is based on the brief: "Rural Medicaid and CHIP enrollees in 2020." Enrollees are assigned to an urban or rural category based on the 2010 Rural-Urban Commuting Area (RUCA) code associated with their home or mailing address ZIP code in TAF. Enrollees are assigned to the comprehensive benefits or limited benefits subpopulation according to the criteria in the "Identifying Beneficiaries with Full-Scope, Comprehensive, and Limited Benefits in the TAF" DQ Atlas brief. Enrollees are assigned to a race and ethnicity subpopulation using the state-reported race and ethnicity information in TAF when it is available and of good quality; if it is missing or unreliable, race and ethnicity is indirectly estimated using an enhanced version of Bayesian Improved Surname Geocoding (BISG) (Race and ethnicity of the national Medicaid and CHIP population in 2020). Enrollees are assigned to a disability category subpopulation using their latest reported eligibility group code and age in the year (Medicaid enrollees who qualify for benefits based on disability in 2020). Enrollees are assigned to a managed care participation subpopulation based on the managed care plan type code that applies to the majority of their enrolled-months during the year (Enrollment in CMC Plans). Please refer to the full brief for additional context about the methodology and detailed findings. Future updates to this data set will include more recent data years as the TAF data become available.

Introduction

The Pediatric Telehealth Market is expected to reach approximately USD 280.6 billion by 2033, growing from USD 27.6 billion in 2023. This growth reflects a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 26.1% between 2024 and 2033. Several key drivers are contributing to this expansion, including advancements in technology, growing demand for remote healthcare, improved accessibility, and supportive health policies. These factors are transforming the way pediatric healthcare services are delivered, with a growing focus on convenience, quality, and reach.

One of the most significant growth drivers is increased accessibility. Telehealth has enabled children in remote or underserved regions to receive medical care. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, telehealth visits for children under Medicaid and CHIP surged from 1.6 million in 2019 to 42.7 million in 2020. This rise of over 2,600% shows how telehealth maintained essential services during health emergencies, ensuring uninterrupted pediatric care when in-person visits were limited.

Government support has also strengthened the pediatric telehealth ecosystem. The World Health Organization (WHO) has introduced telemedicine tools to help countries improve the quality and reach of digital health services. These tools guide healthcare systems in implementing equitable and efficient telehealth solutions. By establishing clear frameworks, policy support has created an environment in which pediatric telehealth can thrive as a mainstream care option.

Technological advancements have further accelerated the adoption of telehealth for children. Digital tools now support services such as urgent consultations, therapy sessions, and routine child wellness checks. These tools are particularly effective for infants and toddlers, enabling caregivers and clinicians to track development and provide timely interventions. Enhanced connectivity and device availability have made it easier for families to access specialized pediatric care remotely.

The increasing demand for remote healthcare services is another contributing factor. Telehealth addresses issues such as limited transportation, long wait times, and scheduling conflicts. It offers a flexible solution for working parents and caregivers. The COVID-19 pandemic played a major role in accelerating this demand, establishing telehealth as a vital healthcare delivery model. This shift is expected to remain a long-term trend, especially in pediatric care, where frequent monitoring is essential.

In summary, the pediatric telehealth market is being shaped by a combination of policy initiatives, technological progress, improved access, and growing patient demand. These developments are expected to continue driving market expansion over the next decade. As digital infrastructure and healthcare policies evolve, pediatric telehealth will become an even more integral part of global healthcare delivery systems.

In FY 2022, Medicaid expenditure on disabled persons was estimated to have totaled 234 billion U.S. dollars, which was more than any other enrollment group. Disabled individuals also had the highest per enrollee Medicaid costs during the year. The high costs of health care Federal and state governments together spent an estimated 640 billion U.S. dollars on the Medicaid health insurance program in 2019. Despite having the smallest shares of Medicaid enrollees, the elderly and disabled groups combined to account for more than half of all Medicaid expenditure in 2019. These two groups have a significantly higher per enrollee expenditure because they have greater long-term needs – Medicaid expenditure on acute care and long-term care benefits combined for approximately 260 billion U.S. dollars in 2017. Which eligibility group has the most enrollees? Elderly individuals can qualify for Medicaid through several pathways, but an income-based methodology is primarily used to determine eligibility for most adults, pregnant women, and children. Children accounted for 37.5 percent of Medicaid enrollees in 2019, which was the largest share of all enrollment groups. Around 28 million children are enrolled in Medicaid programs across the United States, and the number of enrollees is projected to top 30 million in the coming years.

This data set includes annual counts and rates of Medicaid- and Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP)-covered live-birth deliveries that were preterm or with a severe maternal morbidity (SMM) condition within six weeks before or after delivery. Results are shown overall; by state; and by four subpopulation topics: age group, race and ethnicity, disability-related eligibility category, and type of SMM condition (SMM category only). These results were generated using Transformed Medicaid Statistical Information System (T-MSIS) Analytic Files (TAF) Release 1 data and the Race/Ethnicity Imputation Companion File. This data set includes Medicaid and CHIP enrollees in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands, who were ages 15 to 49 as of their delivery date, who were enrolled in Medicaid or CHIP at any point in the calendar year, and who had a live birth. Enrollees in Guam, American Samoa, the Northern Mariana Islands, and select states with TAF data quality issues are not included. Results shown for the race and ethnicity subpopulation topic exclude enrollees in the U.S. Virgin Islands. Results for SMM are calculated per 10,000 Medicaid- and CHIP-covered live births. Results for states with TAF data quality issues in the year have a value of "Unusable data." Some rows in the data set have a value of "DS," which indicates that data were suppressed according to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services’ Cell Suppression Policy for values between 1 and 10.

This data set is based on the brief: "Prematurity and severe maternal morbidity among Medicaid- and CHIP-covered live births in 2021." Preterm birth is defined as a live birth that occurs before the 37th week of gestation. SMM deliveries are defined as live births with an SMM condition within six weeks before or after delivery (Identifying Severe Maternal Morbidity (SMM)). Enrollees are assigned to an age group subpopulation using age as of their delivery date. Enrollees are assigned to a race and ethnicity subpopulation using the state-reported race and ethnicity information in TAF when it is available and of good quality; if it is missing or unreliable, race and ethnicity is indirectly estimated using an enhanced version of Bayesian Improved Surname Geocoding (BISG) (Race and ethnicity of the national Medicaid and CHIP population in 2020). Enrollees are assigned to a disability category subpopulation using their latest reported eligibility group code and age in the year (Medicaid enrollees who qualify for benefits based on disability in 2020). Please refer to the full brief for additional context about the methodology and detailed findings. Future updates to this data set will include more recent data years as the TAF data become available.

This data set includes monthly enrollment counts of Medicaid and CHIP beneficiaries by major eligibility group (children, adult expansion group, adult, aged, persons with disabilities, or COVID newly-eligible). These metrics are based on data in the T-MSIS Analytic Files (TAF). Some states have serious data quality issues for one or more months, making the data unusable for calculating these measures. To assess data quality, analysts adapted measures featured in the DQ Atlas. Data for a state and month are considered unusable or of high concern based on DQ Atlas thresholds for the topic Eligibility Group Code. Please refer to the DQ Atlas at http://medicaid.gov/dq-atlas for more information about data quality assessment methods. Some cells have a value of “DS”. This indicates that data were suppressed for confidentiality reasons because the group included fewer than 11 beneficiaries.

There were approximately 28.1 million children enrolled in the Medicaid health care program in 2018, which accounted for nearly 40 percent of the total number of 74 million Medicaid enrollees. Enrollment numbers in each of the four groups have been consistent for several years.

Medicaid expenditure by eligibility group Medicaid is a joint federal and state health care program in the United States. States administer the program, but they must meet some core federal requirements, one of which includes providing health coverage to children in some low-income families. Medicaid expenditure on children was estimated to have totaled 107.2 billion U.S. dollars in 2017, which accounted for nearly 20 percent of the total expenditure during the year – the only enrollment group with a larger share of expenditures was persons with disabilities.

Health insurance options for children The Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP) was signed into U.S. law in 1997 and increased health coverage to uninsured children under the age of 19 who were not eligible for Medicaid. States can implement CHIP by expanding Medicaid or operating it as a separate program. More than 9.6 million children were enrolled in the program during 2018, around two million of whom were in the state of California.