Cars were the most valuable type of commodity exported from the United Kingdom in 2024, with exports of this commodity valued at approximately 32.9 billion British pounds. Mechanical power generators were the second-most valuable commodity in 2024, with an export value of around 32.7 billion pounds in this year. By comparison, the most valuable import commodity was also cars, amounting to over 38.4 billion British pounds. The next most valuable import commodity was medicinal and pharmaceutical products at over 27.2 million pounds in this year. UK main trading partners Although the share of both imports and exports from the European Union has been declining recently, the single market is still by far the UK's main trading partner. In terms of individual countries, the United States was the main export partner in 2024 at 16.1 percent of all exports, while Germany was the UK's main import partner with 12.5 percent of imports coming from there in 2024. A main argument of the Leave vote, was that the UK should seek to improve up its trade with the rest of the world, outside of Europe. The success of this 'Global Britain' strategy, depends on the UK significantly scaling up its trade with other continents, with countries outside of Europe still responsible for far less trade than European ones. Brexit and EU trade At the start of 2021, the United Kingdom exited both the European Single Market and the European Customs Union, with the UK's trading relationship with the EU now determined by a new Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA). Although the TCA continued tariff and quota-free goods trade between the EU and UK, a number of customs checks came into force, increasing trade friction between the two parties. The status of Northern Ireland in the initial agreement was also different from the rest of the UK. Goods entering Northern Ireland from Great Britain were initially subject to customs checks, to prevent customs checks occurring at the border with the Republic of Ireland. In February 2023, it was announced that under a new EU-UK agreement called the Windsor Framework, some goods entering Northern Ireland from Britain will be subject to fewer checks.

As of 2020, companies in the Netherlands were least optimistic about exports to the United Kingdom, of all export countries. Over ** percent of companies surveyed indicated that they expected the turnover of exports to the UK to decrease, while the share of companies who expected the turnover of exports to Turkey to decline was approximately ** percent in the same year.

In 1950, the Netherlands' volume of exports was 171 percent the rate it had been in 1913 (i.e., it was 1.7 times larger), but this figure grew to be more than 1,600 percent by 1973, which was the largest change in Western Europe. 1913 was the year before the First World War, and 1950 marked the end of the recovery period after the Second World War for most countries in Western Europe. Across these years, the most considerable change in export volumes was in Scandinavian countries, a region that saw rapid economic development in this period and whose level of devastation from the wars was much lower than most of the other countries listed here. The emergence of the Scandinavian and Dutch shipping industries also contributed significantly to their export sectors. Declines in Austria and Germany The only countries listed who saw a decrease in export volumes between 1913 and 1950 were Austria and Germany, where exports fell by 68 and 65 percent, respectively. Of the countries listed, these were the only ones to have been defeated in the war. Not only were much of their resources invested into recovery, but these countries were obligated to pay reparations for their roles in the Second World War via industrial and mechanical exports, rather than financial payments, which is one contributing factor to their lower export volumes. Territorial differences between 1913 and 1950 also played a large part in this, as both countries lost a significant share of their natural resources and industry due to the wars. Increased integration Despite this, the United Kingdom eventually saw the lowest growth in export volumes between 1913 and 1973. This was due to the fact that the British Empire had been the largest exporter in the world going into the First World War, but had lost the majority of its territories by 1973. The UK was also reluctant to join the Economic Communities in later decades, and the lack of integration meant that trade between the UK and the mainland had additional tariffs and barriers that were not in place for member states. Unrestricted trade and cooperation between nations, particularly concerning high-quality, manufactured goods, became a defining aspect of Western European trade in the late 20th century. European imports from Africa, Asia, Latin America, and Oceania dropped from roughly one-third to 18 percent between 1938 and 1970, while exports to these regions also dropped by a very similar rate.

India Exports to United Kingdom was US$13.96 Billion during 2024, according to the United Nations COMTRADE database on international trade. India Exports to United Kingdom - data, historical chart and statistics - was last updated on October of 2025.

The UK's International Trade in Services (ITIS) data are collected from a number of different survey and administrative sources. The ITIS inquiry (formally called the Overseas Trade in Services Inquiry) was forged as a result of the merging of the Annual and Quarterly Inquiries into Royalties and Services (RASI) and the Annual and Quarterly Inquiries of Overseas Trade of Consultants (CONS) in 1996.

The ITIS survey collects data on UK resident companies’ international transactions in services, and includes the type and value of service imports/exports and the country of origin/destination of the services. (Note: companies are not required to identify the country for transactions less than £10,000.)

The ITIS survey is also supplemented by information collected via the Annual Business Survey (ABS) (UK Data Archive SN 7451) in relation to amounts paid or received for the imports or exports of services.

ITIS covers the whole economy, with the exception of: finance, travel and transport, higher education, charities, and most activities in the legal profession, which are collected from other sources. For the 2021 collection onwards, the ITIS sample has been expanded to include new industries, notably in the financial sector and higher education. For the 2022 collection onwards, the ITIS sample has also been expanded to cover transport and travel industries.

The results contribute to the key components of the measurement of the UK’s Balance of Payments and of Gross Domestic Product. In addition, the results are used in the industrial and non-industrial services breakdown within the current price Input-Output Supply and Use Tables. For further information, the latest ITIS UK Statistical Bulletins are available from the Office for National Statistics web site.

Linking to other business studies
These data contain Inter-Departmental Business Register reference numbers. These are anonymous but unique reference numbers assigned to business organisations. Their inclusion allows researchers to combine different business survey sources together. Researchers may consider applying for other business data to assist their research.

Latest edition information
For the thirteenth edition (May 2025), the two separate 2021 imports and exports data files have been replaced by a single combined imports-exports 2021 data file. A combined 2022 data file has also been added to the study. In addition, the documentation has been updated.

Turkey's total Exports in 2024 were valued at US$261.78 Billion, according to the United Nations COMTRADE database on international trade. Turkey's main export partners were: Germany, the United States and the United Kingdom. The top three export commodities were: Vehicles other than railway, tramway; Machinery, nuclear reactors, boilers and Mineral fuels, oils, distillation products. Total Imports were valued at US$344.01 Billion. In 2024, Turkey had a trade deficit of US$82.23 Billion.

The European Union (EU) has been the key source of anthracite coal to the United Kingdom over the past decade, with imports peaking in 2013 at 109,000 metric tons. The UK's imports of anthracite from the EU amounted to 64,000 metric tons in 2022. Anthracite is the highest ranking of coal. It is often referred to as hard coal and has the highest carbon content and energy density of all types of coal.Coal typesWhilst the EU was the main provider of anthracite to the UK, the region's exports of coking coal paled in comparison to that of Australia, Russia and the United States. Australia was the main exporter of this form of coal to the UK, exporting more than four million metric tons in 2002. However, imports from Australia began to decrease annually from 2012, and by 2018 the country was exporting less than Russia. Russia is the leading exporter of steam coal to the UK, providing 1.12 million metric tons in 2021. Nevertheless, imports from Russia fell considerably since 2013's peak of 19 million metric tons.UK coal consumptionThe consumption of coal for energy use in the United Kingdom has fallen significantly in recent decades. In 1970, consumption stood at 99 million metric tons of oil equivalent, but by 2020 it had fallen to a low of 5.6 million metric tons of oil equivalent.

Over the past years, the cosmetics market value in Great Britain has generally seen gentle fluctuations. The sector experienced a dip from 2017 to 2021, and thereafter saw a recovery trend, with a market value of approximately 9.56 billion British pounds in 2023. This is a slight decrease in market value compared to the highest market value 2017, which stood at 9.8 billion pounds. Export market for the UK’s cosmetics industry According to the top ten export markets of the UK’s cosmetics industry, the 2021 leading market is the Irish Republic having an export value of 481 million British pounds. Surprisingly, the smaller EU country of Belgium is in second place, generating approximately 447 million British pounds in export value. The United States rounds out the top three and generates approximately 335 million British pounds in export for the UK. Overall, the UK’s cosmetics industry focuses most of its exports on European countries as 64.8 percent of the exports go to the EU-27 countries. Cosmetics consumption in Europe As the EU’s most populated country and economic powerhouse, Germany consumed the most personal care and cosmetics products in 2021. At 13.6 billion Euros, Germany’s cosmetics industry revenue was approximately 1.6 billion euros higher than France's, which came in second place for consumption. Italy followed in third place at 10.6 billion euros.

The UK antimony market fell to $5.9M in 2024, shrinking by -7.7% against the previous year. Overall, consumption saw a relatively flat trend pattern. Over the period under review, the market hit record highs at $7.2M in 2022; however, from 2023 to 2024, consumption remained at a lower figure.

Champagne exports from the UK contracted remarkably to X tons in 2020, falling by -X% compared with the previous year's figure. Overall, exports recorded a abrupt descent. The pace of growth was the most pronounced in 2011 when exports increased by X% against the previous year. As a result, the exports attained the peak of X tons. From 2012 to 2020, the growth of the exports remained at a lower figure.

The UK toy market was estimated at $2.2B in 2024, surging by 10% against the previous year. Overall, consumption continues to indicate a modest increase. Over the period under review, the market reached the maximum level at $2.6B in 2022; however, from 2023 to 2024, consumption stood at a somewhat lower figure.

Following a long history of stability and slow innovation, the dairy producers have been compelled to adapt rapidly as non-traditional dairy products, especially plant-based milks, make significant inroads among consumers not just for health and ethical reasons, but increasingly for taste. While some protection remains, like EU law reserves names like “milk” and “cheese” for animal-derived products, demand for classic dairy items is no longer unchallenged, pressuring processors to step up their marketing game, diversify product portfolios and invest heavily in both sustainability and product innovation. Revenue is projected to hike at a compound annual rate of 1.5% over the five years through 2025, including a shrink of 1.3% in 2025 to reach €289.8 billion. The industry has benefitted from export growth, which has mainly been fuelled by trade agreements and global market expansions, opening doors to lucrative export opportunities. Notably, those specialising in unique dairy products, like speciality cheeses, are reaping the benefits. European drinking milk volumes have gradually slumped, even as pandemic-induced home cooking temporarily buoyed demand in 2021. Input costs soared, with EU farm-gate milk prices peaking dramatically in late 2022 due to high feed and energy costs and supply disruptions amplified by the Russia–Ukraine conflict. While producers hiked prices to offset these cost shocks, driving a temporary revenue surge in 2022, profit has been squeezed as dairy processors struggled to pass on rising costs fully to price-sensitive consumers. Strength in exports, particularly artisan and PDO-certified cheeses, provided some offset, as Europe cemented its reputation for premium dairy on the global stage. Meanwhile, premiumisation and growing household incomes in core markets like Germany, France and the UK drove robust demand for value-added products like soft cheeses and dairy desserts. Dairy producers will contend with the swelling popularity of plant-based alternatives like oat, almond and soy milk. Thanks to cultural shifts driven by health, environmental sustainability and animal welfare concerns, demand for these alternatives is set to surge. In response, major dairy brands like Arla, Danone and FrieslandCampina are moving into the plant-based segment, while innovation in taste and texture is expected to intensify competition. At the same time, sustainability and organic production will dominate industry strategies, as the EU’s Green Deal pushes for at least a quarter of agricultural land to be organic by 2030. While this transition supports stronger profit, premium product categories and aligns with evolving consumer values, it’s likely to elevate both compliance and production costs. Adoption of advanced agri-tech and automation should drive operational efficiencies, but industry-wide growth will remain constrained by price-sensitive consumption patterns, regulatory shifts and ongoing geopolitical risks affecting export potential. Over the five years through 2030, industry revenue is projected to climb at a compound annual rate of 3% to reach an estimated €335.5 billion.

This statistic presents the value of cereals exported from France in 2022. Exports of wheat and meslin were valued at over ************* euros that year, making these cereals the highest-grossing kinds. Rye, on the other hand, generated the least amount of revenue in export that year, around *** million euros.

Canada's total Exports in 2024 were valued at US$549.62 Billion, according to the United Nations COMTRADE database on international trade. Canada's main export partners were: the United States, China and the United Kingdom. The top three export commodities were: Mineral fuels, oils, distillation products; Vehicles other than railway, tramway and Machinery, nuclear reactors, boilers. Total Imports were valued at US$540.56 Billion. In 2024, Canada had a trade surplus of US$9.06 Billion.

The Paper and Paperboard Manufacturing industry faces the ever-growing threat and pressure of IT and telecommunications adoption, reducing paper usage. As such, over the five years through 2024-25, industry revenue is expected to slump at a compound annual rate of 2.3% to £3 billion. Some leading manufacturers, like AW UK Holdings Ltd, have exited the industry, while others have seen factory closures, like the Stoneywood paper mill in Aberdeen in 2022, contributing to the industry's downfall. Following some companies’ exits, the industry is consolidating, with many more prominent manufacturers acquiring smaller businesses. The COVID-19 outbreak in 2020-21 caused a large slump in industry revenue. Volatile commodity prices and weak downstream conditions, caused by forced business closures and more cautious consumer spending, led to widespread economic uncertainty and low investment. Industry imports and exports tanked amid supply chain disruption and trade restrictions off the back of the COVID-19 outbreak. The paper stationery manufacturing market and newspaper publishers took a huge hit, partly because of increased IT and telecommunication adoption, driven by a work-from-home trend that reduced paper consumption. Revenue is forecast to contract by 0.6% in 2024-25 and remain below pre-pandemic levels despite a promising revenue recovery after lockdown restrictions were lifted. Volatile wood pulp and paper prices, more immense regulatory pressures and supply chain disruption have caused industry profit to remain low. However, inflation stabilising in 2023-24 thanks to high interest rates limiting borrowing is rebuilding some consumer confidence in 2024-25. The ongoing shift towards electronic communications and media will continue to create challenging conditions for the industry over the coming years. In the short term, easing macroeconomic headwinds will support revenue prospects, especially as paper manufacturers start to re-invest their widening profit into the production process. Continuing investment in sustainability and automation practices within manufacturing facilities will put manufacturers in an excellent position to capitalise on a growing packaging and paper bag manufacturing market. As the plastic packaging tax escalates, paper manufacturers will sway customers away from unsustainable plastic bag manufacturers. Over the five years through 2029-30, industry revenue is forecast to creep upwards at a compound annual rate of 0.3% to exceed £3.1 billion.

The UK ice cream market reached $1B in 2024, flattening at the previous year. Over the period under review, consumption, however, showed a relatively flat trend pattern. Ice cream consumption peaked at $1.2B in 2013; however, from 2014 to 2024, consumption remained at a lower figure.

In 2024, the UK unvulcanized rubber market increased by 0.4% to $493M, rising for the third consecutive year after two years of decline. The market value increased at an average annual rate of +2.0% from 2012 to 2024; however, the trend pattern indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded in certain years. Over the period under review, the market hit record highs at $537M in 2019; however, from 2020 to 2024, consumption stood at a somewhat lower figure.

Germany was the largest supplier of passenger motor vehicles worldwide, globally exporting around 177.2 billion U.S. dollars worth of these vehicles. Japan, which reported some 110.9 billion U.S. dollars in exports, was second in the ranking. These two countries were the only ones to record exports over 100 billion U.S. dollars. Automotive parts and vehicle imports While Germany leads in vehicle exports, it also excels in supplying automotive parts and accessories to the rest of the world. In 2023, Germany exported nearly 66.5 billion U.S. dollars worth of these goods worldwide, outpacing China and the United States. This demonstrates Germany's relative strength in the automotive sector, encompassing both finished vehicles and components. Interestingly, the United States emerges as the largest importer of passenger vehicles, spending nearly 210.3 billion U.S. dollars on imports in 2023, more than double the value recorded by Germany. Re-exports and commercial vehicles The automotive trade landscape extends beyond new vehicle exports. The United Kingdom stands out as the largest supplier of re-exported passenger motor vehicles, with a re-export value of nearly 25.9 billion U.S. dollars in 2023. In the commercial vehicle segment, Spain has a slight lead in re-exports, recording over 985.2 million U.S. dollars worth. The United States plays a significant role in commercial vehicle imports, bringing in around 43.7 billion U.S. dollars worth of medium or heavy trucks in 2023, more than double the value imported by Canada.

The UK truck market expanded sharply to $7.6B in 2024, picking up by 8.5% against the previous year. The market value increased at an average annual rate of +2.3% over the period from 2012 to 2024; however, the trend pattern indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. Over the period under review, the market hit record highs at $8.7B in 2019; however, from 2020 to 2024, consumption stood at a somewhat lower figure.