The table adi_by_county is part of the dataset Area Deprivation Index (ADI), available at https://columbia.redivis.com/datasets/axrk-7jx8wdwc2. It contains 9426 rows across 8 variables.

Abstract

ADI: An index of socioeconomic status for communities. Dataset ingested directly from BigQuery.

Documentation

The Area Deprivation Index (ADI) can show where areas of deprivation and affluence exist within a community. The ADI is calculated with 17 indicators from the American Community Survey (ACS) having been well-studied in the peer-reviewed literature since 2003, and used for 20 years by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA). High levels of deprivation have been linked to health outcomes such as 30-day hospital readmission rates, cardiovascular disease deaths, cervical cancer incidence, cancer deaths, and all-cause mortality. The 17 indicators from the ADI encompass income, education, employment, and housing conditions at the Census Block Group level.

The ADI is available on BigQuery for release years 2018-2020 and is reported as a percentile that is 0-100% with 50% indicating a "middle of the nation" percentile. Data is provided at the county, ZIP, and Census Block Group levels. Neighborhood and racial disparities occur when some neighborhoods have high ADI scores and others have low scores. A low ADI score indicates affluence or prosperity. A high ADI score is indicative of high levels of deprivation. Raw ADI scores and additional statistics and dataviz can be seen in this ADI story with a BroadStreet free account.

Dataset source: https://help.broadstreet.io/article/adi/

This dataset recreates three releases (2015, 2020, and 2022) of The Neighborhood Atlas team’s Area Deprivation Index (ADI) using standardized components. The ADI is a measure that aims to quantify the socioeconomic conditions of census block groups (sometimes used to approximate neighborhoods), originally based on 1990 census tract data and factor loadings. The Neighborhood Atlas team at the University of Wisconsin adapted the ADI to block groups and more recent data, imputing missing data using tract- and county-level data.However, unlike the original index construction method, The Neighborhood Atlas team did not adjust (standardize) individual components before combining them into an overall score. This approach resulted in individual index components measured in dollars, such as income and home value, being overly influential in the final score. This dataset corrects for that by standardizing these components before aggregating, offering a more multi-dimensional view of socioeconomic conditions. The standardized ADI dataset provides continuous rankings for block groups nationwide and decile rankings for block groups within each state.

The Area Deprivation Index (ADI) can show where areas of deprivation and affluence exist within a community. The ADI is calculated with 17 indicators from the American Community Survey (ACS) having been well-studied in the peer-reviewed literature since 2003, and used for 20 years by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA). High levels of deprivation have been linked to health outcomes such as 30-day hospital readmission rates, cardiovascular disease deaths, cervical cancer incidence, cancer deaths, and all-cause mortality. The 17 indicators from the ADI encompass income, education, employment, and housing conditions at the Census Block Group level.The ADI is available on BigQuery for release years 2018-2020 and is reported as a percentile that is 0-100% with 50% indicating a "middle of the nation" percentile. Data is provided at the county, ZIP, and Census Block Group levels. Neighborhood and racial disparities occur when some neighborhoods have high ADI scores and others have low scores. A low ADI score indicates affluence or prosperity. A high ADI score is indicative of high levels of deprivation. Raw ADI scores and additional statistics and dataviz can be seen in this ADI story with a BroadStreet free account.Much of the ADI research and popularity would not be possible without the excellent work of Dr. Amy Kind and colleagues at HIPxChange and at The University of Wisconsin Madison.This public dataset is hosted in Google BigQuery and is included in BigQuery's 1TB/mo of free tier processing. This means that each user receives 1TB of free BigQuery processing every month, which can be used to run queries on this public dataset. Watch this short video to learn how to get started quickly using BigQuery to access public datasets. What is BigQuery. Más información

About the Area Deprivation Index (ADI)The Area Deprivation Index (ADI) is based on a measure created by the Health Resources & Services Administration (HRSA) over three decades ago, and has since been refined, adapted, and validated to the Census Block Groupneighborhood level by Amy Kind, MD, PhD and her research team at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. It allows for rankings of neighborhoods by socioeconomic disadvantage in a region of interest (e.g. at the state or national level). It includes factors for the theoretical domains of income, education, employment, and housing quality. It can be used to inform health delivery and policy, especially for the most disadvantaged neighborhood groups. "Neighborhood" is defined as a Census Block Group.For more information, please visit: https://www.neighborhoodatlas.medicine.wisc.edu/

United States County Level Social Deprivation Scores and associated Census Bureau metrics used to compute the scores as well as the sub scores of each. Data are derived from the R package deprivateR, created by Christopher Prener PhD and Timothy Wiemken PhD at Pfizer Inc. Scores include multiple versions of the Social Vulnerability Index, The University of Wisconsin Area Deprivation Index, and the Gini indices.

For the past 20 years, the New Zealand Deprivation Index (NZDep) has been the universal measure of area-based social circumstances for New Zealand (NZ) and often the key social determinant used in population health and social research. This paper presents the first theoretical and methodological shift in the measurement of area deprivation in New Zealand since the 1990s and describes the development of the New Zealand Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD).We briefly describe the development of Data Zones, an intermediary geographical scale, before outlining the development of the New Zealand Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD), which uses routine datasets and methods comparable to current international deprivation indices. We identified 28 indicators of deprivation from national health, social development, taxation, education, police databases, geospatial data providers and the 2013 Census, all of which represented seven Domains of deprivation: Employment; Income; Crime; Housing; Health; Education; and Geographical Access. The IMD is the combination of these seven Domains. The Domains may be used individually or in combination, to explore the geography of deprivation and its association with a given health or social outcome.Geographic variations in the distribution of the IMD and its Domains were found among the District Health Boards in NZ, suggesting that factors underpinning overall deprivation are inconsistent across the country. With the exception of the Access Domain, the IMD and its Domains were statistically and moderately-to-strongly associated with both smoking rates and household poverty.The IMD provides a more nuanced view of area deprivation circumstances in Aotearoa NZ. Our vision is for the IMD and the Data Zones to be widely used to inform research, policy and resource allocation projects, providing a better measurement of area deprivation in NZ, improved outcomes for Māori, and a more consistent approach to reporting and monitoring the social climate of NZ.

This method provides statistics on relative deprivation in England, Wales, and Scotland, including:

• The Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) – a measure of overall deprivation
• Domain-specific indices (e.g., income, employment, education, health etc.) that differ by country
• Area rankings and deciles for simplified analysis

Area Types

The indices assess deprivation at a small-area level:

• England & Wales: Lower-layer Super Output Areas (LSOAs)
• Scotland: Data Zones

Ranking & Deciles

Each area is ranked from most to least deprived:

• England: 1 (most deprived) to 32,844 (least deprived)
• Wales: 1 (most deprived) to 1,909 (least deprived)
• Scotland: 1 (most deprived) to 6,976 (least deprived)

The ranks are available in the imdRank field, with domain-specific ranks in fields such as incomeRank, employmentRank, crimeRank, etc.

To simplify, areas are also categorized into deciles (1 = most deprived, 10 = least deprived), available in fields like imdDecile, incomeDecile, employmentDecile, etc.

Mapping & Consumer Platform Adjustments

We use deciles to color-code our deprivation map. However, on our consumer platform, we reversed the ratings scale to match user expectations where higher ratings are associated with higher deprivation.

For example, postcode W6 0LJ (imdDecile 2, a highly deprived area) is displayed as “_Index of Multiple Deprivation - 9/10 or high_” on the consumer platform.

Data Availability

• England & Wales: 2019
• Scotland: 2020

Census Lower Super Output Area boundaries as of 2011, with indices of multiple deprivation statistics (2019)

Topicality: 2023Projection: New Zealand Transverse Mercator (NZTM)This dataset includes counts and measures for individuals, dwellings, households, families, and extended families from the 2023 Census. Data is available at the Statistical Area 1 (SA1) level, with additional higher geographies for 2023, including:Statistical Area 2 (SA2)Statistical Area 3 (SA3)Urban/Rural areasTerritorial AuthoritiesRegional CouncilsThe data is sourced from the 2023 Census data published by Statistics New Zealand (StatsNZ) and Index of Multiple Deprivation by the Ministry of Health/University of Otago.Lookup Tables:Download lookup file for 'Individual part 1' topic from Stats NZ ArcGIS Online or Stats NZ geographic data service.Download lookup file for 'Individual part 2' topic from Stats NZ ArcGIS Online or Stats NZ geographic data service.Download lookup file for 'Dwellings' topic from Stats NZ ArcGIS Online or Stats NZ geographic data service. Download lookup file for 'Households' topic from Stats NZ ArcGIS Online or Stats NZ geographic data service.Download lookup file for 'Family' topic from Stats NZ ArcGIS Online or Stats NZ geographic data service.This layer is offered by Eagle Technology (Official Esri Distributor). Eagle Technology offers services that can be used in the ArcGIS platform. The Content team at Eagle Technology updates the layers on a regular basis and regularly adds new content to the Living Atlas. By using this content and combining it with other data you can create new information products quickly and easily.If you have any questions or comments about the content, please let us now at livingatlas@eagle.co.nz.NotesDeprivation IndexThe NZDep Index measures relative socioeconomic deprivation for geographic areas, not individuals. The specific indicators and boundaries used to calculate NZDep can change between Censuses. As a result, some deprivation index values may appear as null.Data Values-997 and -999 values from the Stats NZ dataset, previously used to represent unavailable or confidential data, have been replaced with 0 to improve compatibility with Smart Mapping and Policy Mapping workflows. Users should note that while this change supports data processing, 0 may represent either valid data or a placeholder for unavailable or confidential values, depending on the context.

Topicality: 2018 - 2019Projection: New Zealand Transverse Mercator (NZTM)This dataset contains occupied and unoccupied private dwelling counts from and usually resident population counts from the 2006, 2013, and 2018 Censuses, with percentage changes between the 2013 Census and 2018 Censuses, by statistical area 2.The data is sourced from the Census 2018 data published by Statistics New Zealand (StatsNZ) and Index of Multiple Deprivation by the Ministry of Health/ University of Otago.StatsNZ data: Ministery of Health/University of Otago dataThis layer is offered by Eagle Technology (Official Esri Distributor). Eagle Technology offers services that can be used in the ArcGIS platform. The Content team at Eagle Technology updates the layers on a regular basis and regularly adds new content to the Living Atlas. By using this content and combining it with other data you can create new information products quickly and easily.If you have any questions or comments about the content, please let us now at livingatlas@eagle.co.nz.

Weights of ranked access indicators in the Access Domain.

We extend our previous work with the Yost Index by adding 90% confidence intervals to the index values. These were calculated using the variance replicate estimates published in association with the American Community Survey of the United States Census Bureau.

In the file yost-tract-2015-2019.csv, the data fields consists of 11-digit geographic ID built from FIPS codes (2 digit state, 3 digit county, 6 digit census tract); Yost index, 90% lower confidence interval; 90% upper confidence interval. Data is provided for 72,793 census tracts for which sufficient data were available. The Yost Index ranges from 1 (lowest socioeconomic position) to 100 (highest socioeconomic position).

For those only interested in using the index as we have calculated it, the file yost-tract-2015-2019 is the only file you need. The other 368 files here are provided for anyone who wishes to replicate our results using the R program yost-conf-intervals.R. The program presumes the user is running Windows machine and that all files reside in a folder called C:/yostindex. The R program requires a number of packages, all of which are specified in lines 10-22 of the program.

Details of this project were published in Boscoe FP, Liu B, LaFantasie J, Niu L, Lee FF. Estimating uncertainty in a socioeconomic index derived from the American Community Survey. SSM-Population Health 2022; 18: 101078. Full text

Additional years of data following this format are planned to be added to this repository in time.

Topicality: 2018 and 2023Projection: New Zealand Transverse Mercator (NZTM)This dataset provides a curated selection of key variables from the 2018 and 2023 Censuses, focusing on the most critical measures for individuals, dwellings, households, and families. It is designed to provide essential insights for high-level analysis and decision-making.Data is available at the Statistical Area 1 (SA1) level, with additional higher geographies for 2023, including:Statistical Area 2 (SA2)Statistical Area 3 (SA3)Urban/Rural areasTerritorial AuthoritiesRegional CouncilsThe data is sourced from the 2023 Census data published by Statistics New Zealand (StatsNZ) and Index of Multiple Deprivation by the Ministry of Health/University of Otago.Lookup Tables:Download lookup file for 'Individual part 1' topic from Stats NZ ArcGIS Online or Stats NZ geographic data service.Download lookup file for 'Individual part 2' topic from Stats NZ ArcGIS Online or Stats NZ geographic data service.Download lookup file for 'Dwellings' topic from Stats NZ ArcGIS Online or Stats NZ geographic data service. Download lookup file for 'Households' topic from Stats NZ ArcGIS Online or Stats NZ geographic data service.Download lookup file for 'Family' topic from Stats NZ ArcGIS Online or Stats NZ geographic data service. This layer is offered by Eagle Technology (Official Esri Distributor). Eagle Technology offers services that can be used in the ArcGIS platform. The Content team at Eagle Technology updates the layers on a regular basis and regularly adds new content to the Living Atlas. By using this content and combining it with other data you can create new information products quickly and easily.If you have any questions or comments about the content, please let us now at livingatlas@eagle.co.nz.NotesDeprivation IndexThe NZDep Index measures relative socioeconomic deprivation for geographic areas, not individuals. The specific indicators and boundaries used to calculate NZDep can change between Censuses. As a result, some deprivation index values may appear as null.Data Values-997 and -999 values from the Stats NZ dataset, previously used to represent unavailable or confidential data, have been replaced with 0 to improve compatibility with Smart Mapping and Policy Mapping workflows. Users should note that while this change supports data processing, 0 may represent either valid data or a placeholder for unavailable or confidential values, depending on the context.

Correlations between the IMD, its Domains, with rates of smoking and household poverty.

Weights of ranked education indicators in the Education Domain.

This dataset contains a summary measure of the Index of Multiple Deprivation 2010 at local authority district level. It puts the 326 Local Authority Districts into a rank order based the population weighted average rank of all LSOAs in the LAD. A rank of 1 is the most deprived. The English Indices of Deprivation provide a relative measure of deprivation at small area level across England. Areas are ranked from least deprived to most deprived on seven different dimensions of deprivation and an overall composite measure of multiple deprivation. Most of the data underlying the 2010 indices are for the year 2008. The Indices are designed for small areas, but one way of summarising relative deprivation at local authority level is by calculating the average rank of the LSOAs within it. For the IMD and each domain, the summary measure is calculated by averaging all of the LSOA ranks in each local authority district. For the purpose of calculation, LSOAs are ranked such that the most deprived LSOA is given the rank of 32,482. The LSOA ranks are population weighted within a local authority district to take account of the fact that LSOA size can vary. (For simplicity in summarising the domains, the same total population size is used for all domains.) Finally the LADs are ranked according to the average rank of the LSOAs, from 1 to 326 where 1 is the most deprived. The ‘Rank of average rank’ summary measure of for local authorities is also published for the IMD at: http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/statistics/xls/1871689.xls.

The Indices of Deprivation are published nationally by the Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG). These are the official indicators of deprivation. As such, wherever they show deprivation in local areas they provide strong and credible evidence to support funding bids and target resources.

Deprivation is measured by the Indices of Deprivation on an Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD), and also in specific domains and sub-domains of deprivation (for example Income, Employment, Education and Skills, etc). Two further datasets are included for Income Deprivation affecting Children (IDACI) and Older People (IDAOPI).

So as well as overall deprivation shown in the IMD, individual deprivation domains can also be used to identify and evidence distinct elements of deprivation. For example, rural access to housing and services is one of the various deprivation issues affecting local areas in Lincolnshire.

There are useful supporting resources to help people understand and use the Indices of Deprivation, please see the source weblink. Some further resources have also been included along with the dataset.

Source: Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG).

Summary statistics from Indices of Multiple Deprivation (IMD). The spreadsheet includes borough data from 2000, 2004 and 2007.

The latest Indices of Deprivation data for 2010 can be found here.

The Index of Multiple Deprivation 2007 combines a number of indicators, chosen to cover a range of economic, social and housing issues, into a single deprivation score for each small area in England. This allows each area to be ranked relative to one another according to their level of deprivation.

Local Concentration is the population weighted average of the ranks of a district’s most deprived LSOAs that contain exactly 10% of the local authority district’s population.

Extent is the proportion of a local authority district’s population living in the most deprived LSOAs in the country.

Income Scale is the number of people who are Income deprived.

Employment Scale is the number of people who are Employment deprived.

Average of LSOA Ranks is the population weighted average of the combined ranks for the LSOAs in a local authority district.