Historical dataset of population level and growth rate for the Arequipa, Peru metro area from 1950 to 2025.

Peru Population: Urban: Arequipa data was reported at 1,158,759.000 Person in 2015. This records an increase from the previous number of 1,141,274.000 Person for 2014. Peru Population: Urban: Arequipa data is updated yearly, averaging 1,029,501.500 Person from Jun 2000 (Median) to 2015, with 16 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,158,759.000 Person in 2015 and a record low of 894,826.000 Person in 2000. Peru Population: Urban: Arequipa data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Institute of Statistics and Information Science. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Peru – Table PE.G003: Population: by Region.

秘鲁 Population: Urban: Arequipa在2015达1,158,759.000 人口，相较于2014的1,141,274.000 人口有所增长。秘鲁 Population: Urban: Arequipa数据按每年更新，2000至2015期间平均值为1,029,501.500 人口，共16份观测结果。该数据的历史最高值出现于2015，达1,158,759.000 人口，而历史最低值则出现于2000，为894,826.000 人口。CEIC提供的秘鲁 Population: Urban: Arequipa数据处于定期更新的状态，数据来源于National Institute of Statistics and Information Science，数据归类于Global Database的秘鲁 – Table PE.G003: Population: by Region。

Changing environmental conditions, including those caused by human activities, reshape biological communities through both loss of native species and establishment of non-native species in the altered habitats. Dynamic interactions with the abiotic environment impact both immigration and initial establishment of non-native species into these altered habitats. The repeated emergence of disease systems in urban areas worldwide highlights the importance of understanding how dynamic migratory processes affect the current and future distribution and abundance of pathogens in urban environments. In this study, we examine the pattern of invasion of Trypanosoma cruzi—the causative agent of human Chagas disease—in the city of Arequipa, Peru. Phylogenetic analyses of 136 T. cruzi isolates from Arequipa and other South American locations suggest that only one T. cruzi lineage established a population in Arequipa as all T. cruzi isolated from vectors in Arequipa form a recent monophyletic group within the broader South American phylogeny. We discuss several hypotheses that may explain the limited number of established T. cruzi lineages despite multiple introductions of the parasite.

Abstract

The Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática (INEI) in Peru carried out the Encuesta Dirigida a la Población Venezolana que Reside en el País (ENPOVE) survey between the months of November and December 2018 in order to gain a better understanding of the Venezuelan population residing in Peru.

The survey was carried out in the capital cities in the departments of Tumbes, La Libertad, Lima-Callao, Arequipa and Cusco, which together are home to 85% of the Venezuelan population in the country. The purpose of the survey was to provide reliable data on the living conditions of the Venezuelan population residing in Peru, including: demographic and social aspects, immigration status, discrimination, violence, health, employment, education, access to basic services, housing and home equipment.

The information can be used by international organizations, researchers, and public policy makers to formulate actions, policies, plans, programs, and projects to meet the most urgent needs of this group. The World Bank, UNHCR, IOM, UNFPA and UNICEF provided technical and financial support to the survey.

Geographic coverage

Urban area of capital cities of the regions of Tumbes, La Libertad, Arequipa, Cusco, Lima and Callao.

Analysis unit

Household and individual

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sampling is probabilistic and stratified. The sampling consists of two stages, the primary sampling unit being the block, which is defined as the urban geographic area delimited by roads. The secondary sampling unit is the dwelling with at least one Venezuelan person that exists within a block. For the households that are finally selected, information is obtained from all the individuals.

The sampling frame for the blocks was constructed as follows: i) The addresses of 58,067 Venezuelan people registered in the 2017 Population and Housing Census were identified. ii) The addresses of 10,076 people were available registered in the registry of Venezuelans who applied for the Temporary Permit of Permanence from the National Superintendency of Migration of the Ministry of the Interior. iii) The blocks containing the addresses of the aforementioned information sources were identified using the Geographic Information System. A global framework of 19,074 blocks was built.

The concept of block used in the survey is a physical area delimited by streets, avenues, roads, canals, etc. easily identifiable and can contain one or more homes, parks, vacant lots, sports fields, etc.

The original design of the sample included the construction of three strata based on the number of dwellings with a Venezuelan population found in each block of the sampling frame: 1 to 5, 6 to 10, greater than 10. On the other hand, the population of the city of Lima was divided into 4 zones with the following districts:

North Lima: Los Olivos, San Martn De Porres, Comas, Carabayllo, Independencia, Puente Piedra East Lima: San Juan De Lurigancho, Ate, Santa Anita, El Agustino, San Luis, La Molina, Lurigancho Downtown Lima: La Victoria, Lima, Santiago De Surco, Surquillo, San Miguel, Brea, Barranco, Rmac, Lince Jesus Maria, Magdalena Del Mar, San Borja South Lima: Chorrillos, San Juan De Miraflores, Villa El Salvador, Villa Mara Del Triunfo, Lurn, Pachacamac

The housing framework was built by means of an exhaustive registry of buildings and dwellings in each of the selected blocks, identifying those places, be they dwellings or establishments, that had a population from Venezuela. The concept of housing for the purposes of the survey included private and collective dwellings (hotels, hostels, lodgings, churches and shelters), where the Venezuelan population is found. This concept is different from the one used in the regular INEI household surveys, which only considers private households with a maximum of 5 households. The concept of the household used was: People, whether or not they are related, who share the main meals and attend to their vital needs in common. This concept is different from that used in the INEI household surveys, where the budget is considered.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

秘鲁 Population: Rural: Arequipa在2015达128,446.000 人口，相较于2014的131,906.000 人口有所下降。秘鲁 Population: Rural: Arequipa数据按每年更新，2000至2015期间平均值为157,306.000 人口，共16份观测结果。该数据的历史最高值出现于2000，达189,899.000 人口，而历史最低值则出现于2015，为128,446.000 人口。CEIC提供的秘鲁 Population: Rural: Arequipa数据处于定期更新的状态，数据来源于National Institute of Statistics and Information Science，数据归类于Global Database的秘鲁 – Table PE.G003: Population: by Region。

Anthropogenic environmental alterations such as urbanization can threaten native populations as well as create novel environments that allow human pests and pathogens to thrive. As the number and size of urban environments increase globally, it is more important than ever to understand the dispersal dynamics of hosts, vectors and pathogens of zoonotic disease systems. For example, a protozoan parasite and the causative agent of Chagas disease in humans, Trypanosoma cruzi, recently colonized and spread through the city of Arequipa, Peru. We used population genomic and phylogenomic tools to analyze whole genomes of 123 T. cruzi isolates derived from vectors and non-human mammals throughout Arequipa to determine patterns of T. cruzi dispersal. The data show significant population genetic structure within city blocks—parasites in the same block tend to be very closely related—but no population structure among blocks within districts—parasites in neighboring blocks are no more closely related to one another than to parasites in distant districts. These data suggest that T. cruzi dispersal within a block occurs regularly and that occasional long-range dispersal events allow the establishment of new T. cruzi populations in distant blocks. Movement of domestic animals may be the primary mechanism of inter-block and inter-district T. cruzi dispersal.

Census Population：阿雷基帕在06-01-2017达1,382,730.000人，相较于06-01-2007的1,152,303.000人有所增长。Census Population：阿雷基帕数据按年更新，06-01-1940至06-01-2017期间平均值为706,580.000人，共7份观测结果。该数据的历史最高值出现于06-01-2017，达1,382,730.000人，而历史最低值则出现于06-01-1940，为263,077.000人。CEIC提供的Census Population：阿雷基帕数据处于定期更新的状态，数据来源于Instituto Nacional de Estadistica e Informatica，数据归类于全球数据库的秘鲁 – Table PE.G003: Population: Census by Department。

BackgroundIn the city of Arequipa, Peru, the government has implemented control measures against dog rabies virus since the detection of its reintroduction in 2015. The city was previously considered free of animal reservoirs, except for free-roaming owned dogs, animals with identifiable owners but allowed to move unsupervised, and stray dogs, which include both abandoned and street-born dogs that roam freely while relying on human settlements for food, within its urban boundaries. However, multiple reports from peri-urban residents have suggested the presence of feral dogs, a population living independently of humans on the city's outskirts. We aim to document the presence and dietary patterns of feral dogs adjacent to the city margins.MethodsWe conducted monthly field visits to four peri-urban localities in eastern Arequipa, an area where the presence of feral dogs had been previously reported. Dog caves were identified by tracking footprints and other field signs left by dogs, and their locations were georeferenced. Each cave was revisited monthly three times to record the presence of live and dead dogs, and puppies. Fecal samples collected around the caves were analyzed to assess dietary patterns.ResultsWe observed that feral dogs use caves for resting, hiding, and reproduction—some of which appear to be constructed by the dogs themselves. The high number of puppies and dead adult dogs indicates a high population turnover. Dietary analysis revealed that these dogs feed on local fauna, including birds, rodents, cats, sheep, and, notably, other dogs.ConclusionsThese unowned, cave-dwelling dogs are not reached by mass rabies vaccination or sterilization programs. Moreover, they exist outside the jurisdiction of health inspectors responsible for rabies surveillance, resulting in a lack of data on rabies infection in this subpopulation. Our findings highlight the need for integrated One Health strategies to address the potential challenges posed by feral dog populations in rabies elimination efforts.

This study describes the microhabitat use, daily activity pattern and diet of Liolaemus etheridgei Laurent 1998 in the El Simbral and Tuctumpaya Polylepis forests in Arequipa, Peru. El Simbral is a fragmented forest, whereas Tuctumpaya is unfragmented. Our results reveal that L. etheridgei shows no positive selection for any of the microhabitats we identified in Polylepis forests; on the contrary, it selects negatively against Polylepis trees and non-thorny bushes. The daily activity patterns indicate a bimodal pattern with peaks at 9:00-10:59 and 13:00-13:59 h. The diet of L. etheridgei consists mainly of plant material, and the most important animal prey category is Lygaeidae: Hemiptera, which is selected for positively. In particular, microhabitat selection varied for non-thorny bushes, which were selected negatively in the Tuctumpaya population but neither positively nor negatively in the El Simbral population. According to the proportions of plant material found, the L. etheridgei ...

The following information corresponds to a progress report on the systematic results of a research study that aims to determine the socioeconomic level and its influence on the quality of life of self-sufficient older adults, considering as older adults all individuals who are 60 years of age or older (Law No. 28803, Law of Older Adults, Peru) United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA).

The variables are socioeconomic level and quality of life. Data collection instruments, namely questionnaires and surveys, were applied to a stratified randomized sample of 390 older adults distributed in households across 14 representative districts characterized by five socioeconomic levels. The project was submitted to the institutional ethics committee. Validation was conducted through a pilot test to verify the understanding and acceptance of the questions. For the validity and reliability in the correlation of the instrument's items, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used. Cronbach's alpha values between 0.70 and 0.90 were employed, indicating good internal consistency. The determination of Cronbach's alpha is recommended for one-dimensional scales with three to twenty items.

For the assessment of the quality of life of the self-reliant older adult, the subject of this report, two dimensions were used, each with its own indicators, namely:

1.OPPORTUNITIES DIMENSION: Health, participation, and security indicators. Two questions were answered for each indicator, totaling six questions. The results showed the highest percentages in self-care of their health, participation in recreational activities with their family or friends, and the perception that they have achieved the goals they set in their life. (Table 1)

2.FACTORS DIMENSION: Environmental, socioeconomic, health, and behavioral indicators. Two questions each, totaling eight questions. (Table No. 1)

As a result, the highest percentages indicate that urban growth worsens environmental conditions and health problems; that economic income is sufficient for the basic needs of an older adult; that their physical and mental abilities are consistent with their age; and that they are as happy as when they were younger.

Abstract

The Government of Peru with the assistance of the World Bank and the Inter-American Development Bank launched a Public Expenditure Tracking Survey (PETS) to study weaknesses of the budget execution system in education and health sectors. The study also aimed to analyze effects of these weaknesses on service delivery and to assist in the generation of policy recommendations.

Documented here is the Public Expenditure Tracking Survey conducted in Peru health sector. The study focused on Vaso de Leche (Glass of Milk) program, one of the largest food assistance program in Peru. By law, the intended primary beneficiaries of the program are children six years old or less and pregnant and breastfeeding mothers. Priority is given to those showing clear signs of malnutrition or tuberculosis. The products distributed can be milk in any form and/or milk substitutes, and/or other products such as soybean, oatmeal, quinoa, kiwicha or other. The funds for the program are transferred from central to local governments. Unfortunately, organizational hurdles, inefficiencies, leakages, and sometimes low nutritional value of the products chosen for distribution, limit the effectiveness of the Vaso de Leche (VdL) program to accomplish its goals.

This study analyzed the leakages of funds for Vaso de Leche program from the central government to the municipalities, within municipalities, from municipality to VdL committees, from VdL committees to beneficiaries/households, and inside the household. One hundred twenty municipalities out of 1828 were surveyed. The fieldwork was carried out from February 3, 2002, to February 17, 2002.

Geographic coverage

Ancash, Arequipa, Cajamarca, Cusco, Lima, Loreto and Piura regions.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The following regions were chosen for the study: Ancash, Arequipa, Cajamarca, Cusco, Loreto, and Piura. These regions have the broadest range of geography, population density and poverty distribution.

One hundred municipalities were selected in these regions. Municipalities were chosen based on poverty as a central stratification variable. Investigators employed the following steps:

• A database consisting of the entire universe of districts in Peru excluding Lima & Callao (total of 1,651 districts) was used as a starting point.

• The Ministry of Economy and Finance's continuous index of poverty FGT24 was used to calculate poverty population deciles.

• The deciles were arranged into three groups such that group 1 consisted of deciles 1-3, group 2 contained deciles 4-7 and group 3 had deciles 8-10. These three groups approximate the categories of "not poor", "poor" and "extreme poor" and were used to stratify the districts of our sub-population (Ancash and Piura) into three strata.

• The three strata represented 14 percent, 41 percent, and 45 percent of the districts in Peru (excluding Lima and Callao).

• In order for the sample to be self-weighted, 14, 41, and 45 municipalities (total of 100) were chosen from each stratum respectively, (from the sub-population of six departments). The selection within each stratum was done using Probability Proportional to Size (PPS) relative to district population.

Once the above procedures were carried out, individual municipalities were selected according to PPS criteria, using a complete listing of all districts selected that were ordered within the stratums by geographic order to allow a systematic selection that ensured geographic heterogeneity.

Within each municipality, from the roster of Vaso de Leche committees using systematic sampling technique, researchers selected four committees. If there were less than four Vaso de Leche committees in a municipality, all were included in the sample. A substitute for a committee was used if travel time to the committee exceeded 24 hours. The sample slightly underrepresented remote areas within the neighborhoods of the selected committees.

In each municipality investigators interviewed the mayor and obtained municipal-level data from him/her. They also attained the municipal roster of committees participating in the Vaso de Leche program. By law, Vaso de Leche committees should include a mayor, a municipal employee, a representative from the Ministry of Health, three representatives of the Mother's Associations (elected by the mothers following the rules established in their own statutes), and a representative of the local agriculture/farming association accredited by the Ministry of Agriculture.

Enumerators interviewed at least one committee member. From the respondents, researchers received a list of beneficiary households and interviewed four households in each committee catchments area, using the survey instrument intended for households in Arequipa, Cusco, Cajamarca, and Loreto.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Abstract

This research is a survey of unregistered businesses conducted in Peru from June 10 to July 20, 2010. Data from 480 enterprises were analyzed.

Questionnaire topics include general information about a business, infrastructure and services, sales and supplies, crime, sources and access to finance, business-government relationship, assets, bribery, workforce composition, obstacles to get registration, reasons for not registering, and benefits that an establishment could get from registration. The mode of data collection is face-to-face interviews.

The Informal Surveys aim to accomplish the following objectives: 1) To provide information about the state of the private sector for informal businesses in client countries; 2) To generate information about the reasons of said informality; 3) To collect useful data for the research agenda on informality; 4) To provide information on the level of activity in the informal sector of selected urban centers in each country.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

The primary sampling unit of the Informal Surveys is an unregistered establishment. For Peru, informal firms were defined as those not registered with the Superintendencia Nacional de Administración Tributaria (SUNAT).

Universe

The whole population, or the universe, covered in the survey is the non-agricultural informal economy.

At the beginning of each survey, a screening procedure is conducted in order to identify eligible interviewees. At this point, a full description of all the activities of the business owner or manager is taken; based on its principal activity, a business is then classified in the manufacturing or services stratum using a list of activities developed from previous iterations of the survey. Certain activities are excluded such as strictly illegal activities (e.g., prostitution or drug trafficking) as well as individual activities that are forms of selling labor like domestic servants or windshield washers.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The Informal Surveys are conducted in selected urban centers, which are intended to coincide with the locations for the implementation of the main Enterprise Surveys. The overall number of interviews is pre-determined.

In Peru, the urban centers identified were Lima and Arequipa. The target sample for both urban centers was 240 interviews.

Sampling in the Informal Surveys is conducted within clearly delineated sampling zones, which are geographically determined divisions within each urban center. Sampling zones are defined at the beginning of fieldwork, and are delineated according to the concentration and geographical dispersion of informal business activity.

The number of sampling areas, and the geographical area they contain, is determined with the goal that each sector will yield four effective interviews.

In Peru, each sampling area was designed to contain a physical area, on average, of no less than the equivalent of eight city blocks. These sampling areas may or may not correspond to the administrative districts of the urban center.

In both Lima and Arequipa, for a total of 240 interviews in each city, 60 sampling areas were identified (240/4 = 60 sampling areas), respectively.

In order to provide information on diverse aspects of the informal economy, the sample is designed to have equal proportions of services and manufacturing (50:50). These sectors are defined by responses provided by each informal business to a question on the business's main activity included in the screener portion of the questionnaire.

As a general rule, services must constitute an ongoing business enterprise and so exclude the sale of manual labor Manufacturing activity in the informal sector includes business activity requiring inputs and/or intermediate goods. Thus, for example, the processing of coffee, sugar, oil, dried fruit, or other processed foods is considered manufacturing, while the simple selling of these goods falls under services. If an informal business conducts a mixture of these activities, the business is considered under the manufacturing stratum.

Each sampling zone was designed with the goal of obtaining two interviews in services and two interviews in manufacturing. In order to ensure a degree of geographical dispersion within each sampling zone, two starting points were identified.

Each starting point was designed to correspond to five city blocks, which were numbered sequentially. The first starting point was identified as Starting Point A and the second as Starting Point B.

Proceeding from each starting point, interviewers were instructed to begin on block 1, defining the starting block and corner. Each interviewer was instructed to attempt to achieve two interviews from each starting point, ideally one interview in manufacturing and one in services.

Interviewers were instructed to proceed clockwise around block 1 from Starting Point A; if the target interviews were not achieved, interviewers proceeded to block 2, Starting Point A, and so forth until completing a circuit of block 5. After achieving two interviews from Starting Point A, interviewers were instructed to cease work in the blocks assigned to that given Starting Point and repeat the sameprocedure from Starting Point B, beginning with block 1.

Using local knowledge, within each block all houses and shops were checked for unregistered businesses, following the pre-fixed route described above, until the allotted quota of interviews for each starting point was reached. Often interviewers used referrals by neighbors and locals in order to identify informal businesses. When a referral was obtained, the pre-determined route was followed until reaching the address of the referral. It should be noted that when referrals were obtained, interviewers were instructed to maintain the sampling procedure noted above; i.e., in the case that an interviewer encountered an informal business in the process of following a referral, an attempt was made to interview the former business first.

Each sampling zone, including its two starting points, were marked using Google maps, with the GPS coordinates of the starting points being systematically recorded.

Additionally, when obtaining a complete interview, the exact address of the informal business (or where the interview took place) was registered by the interviewer. Once in the office, this address was searched in Google maps, and its GPS coordinates were registered in a fieldwork report.

If no address was immediately available, using local knowledge, the GPS coordinates were determined using imaging via Google maps. In order to preserve confidentiality, the exact coordinates of businesses are not published.

Due to issues of non-response, in the process of fieldwork, the implementing contractor was unable to obtain the targeted four interviews in each of the originally delineated sampling areas.

As a result, replacement sampling areas were delineated, ex post. In sum, there were 70 sampling areas (60 original, 10 replacement) in Arequipa and 72 zones in Lima (60 original, 12 replacement).

Complete information regarding the sampling methodology as well as maps of starting points can be found in "Description of Peru Informal Survey Implementation" and "Mapping of starting points for sampling in Peru Informal Survey 2010" in "Technical Documents" folder.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The current survey instrument is available: - Informal Questionnaire.

The survey topics include general information about a business, infrastructure and services, sales and supplies, crime, sources and access to finance, business-government relationship, assets, bribery, workforce composition, obstacles to get registration, reasons for not registering, and benefits that an establishment could get from registration.

Cleaning operations

Data entry and quality controls are implemented by the contractor and data is delivered to the World Bank in batches (typically 10%, 50% and 100%). These data deliveries are checked for logical consistency, out of range values, skip patterns, and duplicate entries. Problems are flagged by the World Bank and corrected by the implementing contractor through data checks, callbacks, and revisiting establishments.

Response rate

The overall survey response rate among contacted, eligible businesses for the Peru Informal Survey 2010 was estimated at 25%.

There is significant population genetic structure among blocks within districts, but not among districts.

Demographic characteristics of farmers in the four Water User Associations (WUAs) in Arequipa.

A. Association coefficients for free-roaming dogs using Google Street View in urban communities of Arequipa, Peru. B. Association coefficients for free-roaming dogs using Google Street View in periurban communities of Arequipa, Peru.

BackgroundFrom smallpox to poliomyelitis, halting contagion transmission through simultaneous mass vaccination is ubiquitous and often perceived as the only possible solution. But implementing mass vaccination campaigns in large populations within a short period poses many challenges. For example, in Arequipa, Peru, sweeping mass vaccination campaigns conducted yearly over a single weekend have failed to achieve the required ‘herd immunity’ to halt canine rabies transmission. Contrary to the global paradigm of a simultaneous campaign, the 2022 Arequipa rabies campaign was implemented at the sub-district level (patches), with dates of the campaign staggered across 6 months.MethodsWe constructed a stochastic, metapopulation model to examine how the timing of pulsed vaccination campaigns across patches can affect metapopulation dynamics. We explore general metapopulation dynamics for pulsed vaccinations as well as parameterizing the model for canine rabies in Arequipa, Peru. We simulated how the timing of the planned vaccination campaign, staggered over 6 months versus a single yearly pulse, affected the prospects for regional rabies elimination.ResultsMetapopulation dynamics can affect the efficacy of pulsed vaccination campaigns. In the case of Arequipa, Peru, the planned staggered mass dog vaccination campaign has the potential for local elimination with the tradeoffs of increased time to elimination and increased outbreak size due to metapopulation dynamics.ConclusionsHeterogeneities caused by control strategies enactment at sub-population scales should be accounted for when modeling transmission dynamics. In Arequipa, Peru, although metapopulation dynamics may allow for re-introduction of canine rabies in previously vaccinated patches when mass dog vaccination campaigns are staggered temporally over 6 months, continuous mass vaccination reaching recommended vaccination coverage levels is sufficient to eliminate canine rabies.

Pearson correlation coefficients between the number of free-roaming dogs estimated with the 2016 D2D survey and the counts of dogs identified through 2013 GSV imagery in urban (red) and periurban (blue) communities in Arequipa, Peru.

Free-roaming dogs counted with 2013 GSV imagery and estimated with the 2016 D2D survey in study urban and periurban communities in Arequipa, Peru.