argo is a global array of 3,000 free-drifting profiling floats that measures the temperature and salinity of the upper 2000 m of the ocean. this allows, for the first time, continuous monitoring of the temperature, salinity, and velocity of the upper ocean, with all data being relayed and made publicly available within hours after collection. the array provides 100,000 temperature/salinity profiles and velocity measurements per year distributed over the global oceans at an average of 3-degree spacing. some floats provide additional bio-geo parameters such as oxygen or chlorophyll. all data collected by argo floats are publically available in near real-time via the global data assembly centers (gdacs) in brest (france) and monterey (california) after an automated quality control (qc), and in scientifically quality controlled form, delayed mode data, via the gdacs within six months of collection.the bgc-argo sprof snapshot is a subset of the global argo data snapshot. it is created to ease bgc-argo data usage. the content is the same if you are to download the global argo data snapshot, and then select all the bgc-argo sprof files. please use the same doi and citation as the global argo data snapshot.

a world deep displacement dataset comprising more than 1600 000 argo floats deep displacements, has been produced from the global argo float database (gdac). andro dataset was completed over the period 2000-2009, then was partially but yearly updated since 2010. andro actual contents and format is described in the user guide, which must be carefully read before using andro (andro format is also described in ollitrault m. et al (2013)).one important feature of andro is that the pressures measured during float drifts at depth, and suitably averaged are preserved in andro (see figure 2). to reach this goal, it was necessary to reprocess most of the argo raw data, because of the many different decoding versions (roughly 100) not always applied by the dacs to the displacement data because they were mainly interested in the p,t,s profiles. the result of our work was the production of comprehensive files, named dep (for déplacements in french), containing all the possibly retrievable float data.for detailed information and status of the last released andro product, please visit the dedicated argo france web page: https://www.umr-lops.fr/sno-argo/products/andro-argo-floats-displacements-atlas

The IMOS Biogeochemical Argo sub-facility aims to undertake real time monitoring of the broad ocean state around Australia by deploying Biogeochemical Argo floats in scientifically important areas of Australia's Exclusive Economic Zone, surrounding seas and the Southern Ocean. The data presented here, includes all Biogeochemical Argo profiles collected since 2002, and covers the oceans worldwide. In collaboration with the US SOCCOM project, the first IMOS Australia Biogeochemical Argo floats were deployed in the East Australia Current in September 2019. Biogeochemical Argo floats are profiling floats that, in addition to temperature and salinity (this data is provided by the IMOS - Argo Profiles - core data collection, https://catalogue-imos.aodn.org.au/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/4402cb50-e20a-44ee-93e6-4728259250d2), carry sensors to measure any combination of dissolved oxygen, pH, dissolved nitrate, chlorophyll fluorescence, particulate backscatter and incoming solar radiation (data provided for the first 4 variables only).

A typical Argo float mission is to profile from 2000 m depth to the sea surface every 10 days. On deployment, the float sinks to a depth of 1000 m and drifts with the ocean currents for 9 days. Then the float sinks deeper to its profile depth (usually 2000 m) before starting to ascend through the water column measuring parameters as it rises. Once at the surface it transmits location and profile data via satellite to land-based Argo data centres. After transmission the float sinks again and repeats the cycle.

Each Argo float is identified by a unique identification number called a WMO ID. WMO (World Meteorological Organisation) ID Numbers are assigned to measurement stations and observing platforms to enable researchers to keep track of, and uniquely identify their floats. The average life of the latest model APEX Argo floats are around 3.7 years or approximately 135 cycles. These statistics are for floats with the standard alkaline battery configuration from an analysis by Kobayashi et al (2009). In the Australian Argo program, the floats are deployed with a combination of lithium and alkaline battery packs which extends float lifetime. The Facility floats usually last 5 years.

The SPURS (Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study) project is a NASA-funded oceanographic process study and associated field program that aim to elucidate key mechanisms responsible for near-surface salinity variations in the oceans. The project is comprised of two field campaigns and a series of cruises in regions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans exhibiting salinity extremes. SPURS employs a suite of state-of-the-art in-situ sampling technologies that, combined with remotely sensed salinity fields from the Aquarius/SAC-D, SMAP and SMOS satellites, provide a detailed characterization of salinity structure over a continuum of spatio-temporal scales. The SPURS-2 campaign involved two month-long cruises by the R/V Revelle in August 2016 and October 2017 combined with complementary sampling on a more continuous basis over this period by the schooner Lady Amber. Focused around a central mooring located near 10N,125W, the objective of SPURS-2 was to study the dynamics of the rainfall-dominated surface ocean at the western edge of the eastern Pacific fresh pool subject to high seasonal variability and strong zonal flows associated with the North Equatorial Current and Countercurrent. Part of the Argo global network of autonomous, self-reporting samplers, Argo floats drift horizontally and move vertically through the water column generally on 10 day cycles, collecting high-quality temperature, conductivity and salinity depth (CTD) profiles from the upper 2000m. Twenty five floats were deployed during SPURS-2 within the campaign spatial _domain and time period, yielding approximately 1,893 profiles. These were standard Argo floats with the addition of acoustic rain gauges (PAL) in some cases. SPURS-2 ARGO data files are organized per float and profile with the vertical conductivity, salinity, temperature, pressure, depth observations per the netCDF ARGO file specification with some augmented global metadata attributes.

ARGO profiles- Array for Real time Geographic Observations (ARGO) are autonomous instruments which are programmed to collect in-situ salinity and temperature of ocean where they exist. ARGO can profile temperature and salinity up to 2000m depth. ARGOs are released in to ocean by different ocean rim countries for research purposes and NARA (Sri Lanka) released 4 in 2013. First ARGO was recorded within Sri Lankan EEZ at 21/08/2002. From that day, number of ARGOs recorded gradually increased,...

Database for annotating ARGs (SARG+ ver. 2025-02-11) and assigning taxonomic labels (GTDB R220) to ARG-containing reads.

Argo is an international collaboration that collects high-quality temperature and salinity profiles from the upper 2000m of the ice-free global ocean and currents from intermediate depths. The data comes from more than 3000 battery-powered autonomous floats that spend most of their life drifting at depth covering most of the world oceans. At typically 10-day intervals, the floats rise to the surface over about 6 hours while measuring temperature and salinity. Satellites determine the position of the floats when they surface, and receive the data transmitted by the floats. The float then returns to its original density and sinks to drift until the cycle is repeated. Floats are designed to make about 150 such cycles. Argo Australia provides real-time observations of the oceans around Australia by maintaining an array of autonomous profiling floats. Data and information regarding Argo Australia and the International Argo program can be found at the Argo Australia web page (see data link below). CMAR holds a mirror of the data from the US Argo server for internal project access, this is regularly updated. (see data link below).

This collection represents all data collected from Argo profiling floats up until last month. The NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) operates the Global Argo Data Repository (GADR) as the long-term archive for the International Global Argo Program (for additional information about Argo, see http://www.argo.ucsd.edu/). Argo data have been archived by NCEI on a monthly basis starting the second quarter of FY 2003. These data may include real-time and/or delayed-mode profiles of ocean temperature, salinity, pressure, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, pH, chlorophyll a, backscattering, and downwelling irradiance. as well as related conductivity and/or pressure measurements. These data were collected by Argo profiling floats and other profiling float data not directly handled by the Argo data assembly centers. Profiling floats have been deployed since 1995 by several research projects.

The SPURS (Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study) project is an oceanographic process study and associated field program that aim to elucidate key mechanisms responsible for near-surface salinity variations in the oceans. The project involves two field campaigns and a series of cruises in regions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans exhibiting salinity extremes. SPURS employs a suite of state-of-the-art in-situ sampling technologies that, combined with remotely sensed salinity fields from the Aquarius/SAC-D and SMOS satellites, provide a detailed characterization of salinity structure over a continuum of spatio-temporal scales. The SPURS-1 campaign involved a series of 5 cruises during 2012 - 2013 seeking to characterize the salinity structure and balance in a high salinity, high evaporation, and low rainfall region of the subtropical North Atlantic. It aims to resolve processes responsible for maintaining the subtropical surface salinity maximum in this region and within a 900 x 800-mile square study area centered at 25N, 38W. Part of the Argo global network of autonomous, self-reporting samplers, Argo floats drift horizontally and move vertically through the water column generally on 10 day cycles, collecting high-quality temperature, conductivity and salinity depth profiles from the upper 2000m. Approximately 24 floats were deployed during SPURS-1 within the campaign domain, mainly during the Knorr cruise (6 Sept-9 Oct,2012). These were standard Argo floats with the addition of surface temperature and salinity (STS) sensors and acoustic rain gauges (PAL). Data accessible here only include the standard ARGO profiles, not the STS or PAL data. SPURS-1 ARGO data files are oganized per float and each contain profile trajectory series of conductivity, salinity, temperature, pressure, depth observations.

The presented database includes 0-1000 m vertical profiles of bio-optical and biogeochemical variables acquired by autonomous profiling Biogeochemical-Argo (BGC-Argo) floats. Data have been collected between October 2012 and January 2016, around local noon, in several oceanic areas encompassing the diversity of ocean’s trophic environments. The database includes profiles of downward irradiance at 3 wavelengths (380, 412 and 490 nm), photosynthetically available radiation, chlorophyll a concentration, fluorescent dissolved organic matter, and particle light backscattering at 700 nm. All variables have been quality controlled following specifically-developed procedures, that aimed to support biogeochemical and bio-optical applications at the global scale. Data corruption by biofouling and any instrumental drift has also been verified. Moreover, to allow users for different biogeochemical applications, vertical profiles of chlorophyll a and particle light backscattering at 700 nm have been presented before and after advanced processing (e.g., non-photochemical quenching correction, identification of spikes). Vertical profiles of temperature and salinity associated to these bio-optical data are also provided although they have been only quality-controlled for sensor issues related to bio-fouling and instrumental drift.

These data are ocean profile data measured by profiling Argo S2A floats at a specific latitude, longitude, and date nominally from the surface to 2000 meters depth. Pressure, in situ temperature (ITS-90), and practical salinity are provided at 1-m increments through the water column. Argo data from Gulf of Mexico (GOM) LC1 (9 floats) and LC2 (12 floats) were delayed mode quality controlled and submitted to Global Data Assembly Centers (GDACs) in May 2020. All available profiles are planned to be revisited and evaluated in early 2021. Float no. 4903233 started showing drift in salinity at profile no. 77, and the salinity data will be carefully examined with a new adjustment in early 2021.

This is a data set of Argo floats (most of the floats automatically measure water temperature and salinity from sea surface to 2000m depth.) of the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA).

Argo float vertical profiles from Coriolis Global Data Assembly Centres (GDAC). Argo is an international collaboration that collects high-quality temperature and salinity profiles from the upper 2000m of the ice-free global ocean and currents from intermediate depths. The data come from battery-powered autonomous floats that spend most of their life drifting at depth where they are stabilised by being neutrally buoyant at the "parking depth" pressure by having a density equal to the ambient pressure and a compressibility that is less than that of sea water. At present there are several models of profiling float used in Argo. All work in a similar fashion but differ somewhat in their design characteristics. At typically 10-day intervals, the floats pump fluid into an external bladder and rise to the surface over about 6 hours while measuring temperature and salinity. Satellites or GPS determine the position of the floats when they surface, and the floats transmit their data to the satellites. The bladder then deflates and the float returns to its original density and sinks to drift until the cycle is repeated. Floats are designed to make about 150 such cycles. Data Management URL: http://www.argodatamgt.org/Documentation cdm_altitude_proxy=pres cdm_data_type=TrajectoryProfile cdm_profile_variables=cycle_number, data_type, format_version, handbook_version, reference_date_time, date_creation, date_update, direction, data_center, dc_reference, data_state_indicator, data_mode, firmware_version, wmo_inst_type, time, time_qc, time_location, latitude, longitude, position_qc, positioning_system, profile_pres_qc, profile_temp_qc, profile_psal_qc, vertical_sampling_scheme cdm_trajectory_variables=platform_number, project_name, pi_name, platform_type, float_serial_no Conventions=Argo-3.1, CF-1.6, COARDS, ACDD-1.3 Easternmost_Easting=180.0 featureType=TrajectoryProfile geospatial_lat_max=61.092 geospatial_lat_min=-77.585 geospatial_lat_units=degrees_north geospatial_lon_max=180.0 geospatial_lon_min=-179.997 geospatial_lon_units=degrees_east infoUrl=http://www.argo.net/ institution=Argo keywords_vocabulary=GCMD Science Keywords Northernmost_Northing=61.092 source=Argo float sourceUrl=(local files) Southernmost_Northing=-77.585 standard_name_vocabulary=CF Standard Name Table v29 subsetVariables=platform_number, project_name, pi_name, platform_type, float_serial_no, cycle_number, data_type, format_version, handbook_version, reference_date_time, date_creation, date_update, direction, data_center, dc_reference, data_state_indicator, data_mode, firmware_version, wmo_inst_type, time, time_qc, time_location, latitude, longitude, position_qc, positioning_system, profile_pres_qc, profile_temp_qc, profile_psal_qc, vertical_sampling_scheme time_coverage_end=2016-03-07T20:10:00Z time_coverage_start=2014-01-01T00:00:31Z user_manual_version=3.1 Westernmost_Easting=-179.997

These data are ocean profile data measured by profiling Argo S2A floats at a specific latitude, longitude, and date nominally from the surface to 2000 meters depth. Pressure, in situ temperature (ITS-90), and practical salinity are provided at 1-m increments through the water column. Argo data from Gulf of Mexico (GOM) LC1 (9 floats) and LC2 (12 floats) were delayed mode quality controlled and submitted to Global Data Assembly Centers (GDACs) in May 2020. All available profiles are planned to be revisited and evaluated in early 2021. Float no. 4903233 started showing drift in salinity at profile no. 77, and the salinity data will be carefully examined with a new adjustment in early 2021.

A broad-scale global array of temperature/salinity profiling floats, known as Argo, is planned as a major component of the ocean observing system, with deployment scheduled to begin in 2000. Conceptually, Argo builds on the existing upper-ocean thermal networks, extending their spatial and temporal coverage, depth range and accuracy, and enhancing them through addition of salinity and velocity measurements. The name Argo is chosen to emphasize the strong complementary relationship of the global float array with the Jason altimeter mission. For the first time, the physical state of the upper ocean will be systematically measured and assimilated in near real-time.

                   Objectives of Argo fall into several categories. Argo will provide a
                   quantitative description of the evolving state of the upper ocean and
                   the patterns of ocean climate variability, including heat and
                   freshwater storage and transport. The data will enhance the value of
                   the Jason altimeter through measurement of subsurface vertical
                   structure (T(z), S(z)) and reference velocity, with sufficient
                   coverage and resolution for interpretation of altimetric sea surface
                   height variability. Argo data will be used for initialization of
                   ocean and coupled forecast models, data assimilation and dynamical
                   model testing. A primary focus of Argo is seasonal to decadal climate
                   variability and predictability, but a wide range of applications for
                   high-quality global ocean analyses is anticipated.

                   The initial design of the Argo network is based on experience from the
                   present observing system, on newly gained knowledge of variability
                   from the TOPEX/Poseidon altimeter, and on estimated requirements for
                   climate and high-resolution ocean models. Argo will provide 100,000
                   T/S profiles and reference velocity measurements per year from about
                   3000 floats distributed over the global oceans at 3-degree spacing.
                   Floats will cycle to 2000 m depth every 10 days, with a 4-5 year
                   lifetime for individual instruments. All Argo data will be publicly
                   available in near real-time via the GTS, and in scientifically
                   quality-controlled form with a few months delay. Global coverage
                   should be achieved during the Global Ocean Data Assimilation
                   Experiment, which together with CLIVAR and GCOS/GOOS, provide the
                   major scientific and operational impetus for Argo. The design
                   emphasizes the need to integrate Argo within the overall framework of
                   the global ocean observing system.

                   International planning for Argo, including sampling and technical
                   issues, is coordinated by the Argo Science Team. Nations presently
                   having Argo plans that include float procurement or production include
                   Australia, Canada, France, Japan, U.K., and U.S.A., plus a European
                   Union proposal. Combined deployments from these nations are expected
                   to exceed 700 floats per year by 2002. Broad participation in Argo by
                   many nations is anticipated and encouraged either through float
                   procurement, logistical support for float deployment, or through
                   analysis and assimilation of Argo data.

                   The Argo data (in NetCDF format) are freely available from two Argo Global Data
                   Assembly Centres (GDAC): the Coriolis and US-GODAE GDAC servers. The Coriolis
                   GDAC is updated daily in real-time data from Data Assembly Centers (DAC): US
                   AOML, Canadian MEDS, Japanese JMA, EU Coriolis. The US- GODAE GDAC is
                   currently operational, serving daily data (updated every hour) from the
                   following national DACs: Australian (CSIRO), Canadian (MEDS), Indian (INCOIS),
                   Korean ( KMA), Japanese (JMA), UK (BODC), and US (AOML).

The SPURS (Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study) project is a NASA-funded oceanographic process study and associated field program that aim to elucidate key mechanisms responsible for near-surface salinity variations in the oceans. The project is comprised of two field campaigns and a series of cruises in regions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans exhibiting salinity extremes. SPURS employs a suite of state-of-the-art in-situ sampling technologies that, combined with remotely sensed salinity fields from the Aquarius/SAC-D, SMAP and SMOS satellites, provide a detailed characterization of salinity structure over a continuum of spatio-temporal scales. The SPURS-2 campaign involved two month-long cruises by the R/V Revelle in August 2016 and October 2017 combined with complementary sampling on a more continuous basis over this period by the schooner Lady Amber. Focused around a central mooring located near 10N,125W, the objective of SPURS-2 was to study the dynamics of the rainfall-dominated surface ocean at the western edge of the eastern Pacific fresh pool subject to high seasonal variability and strong zonal flows associated with the North Equatorial Current and Countercurrent. Part of the Argo global network of autonomous, self-reporting samplers, Argo floats drift horizontally and move vertically through the water column generally on 10 day cycles, collecting high-quality temperature, conductivity and salinity depth (CTD) profiles from the upper 2000m. Four of the Twenty five floats deployed during SPURS-2 within the campaign spatial domain and time period were additionally equipped with acoustic rain gauges (PAL - Passive Acoustic Listeners). SPURS-2 ARGO-PAL data files are in netCDF/CF-compliant data format and organized per float. Float identifiers associated with ARGO CTD data are referenced in the metadata of the related PAL files.

These data are ocean profile data measured by profiling Argo S2A floats at a specific latitude, longitude, and date nominally from the surface to 2000 meters depth. Pressure, in situ temperature (ITS-90), and practical salinity are provided at 1-m increments through the water column. Argo data from Gulf of Mexico (GOM) LC1 (9 floats) and LC2 (12 floats) were delayed mode quality controlled and submitted to Global Data Assembly Centers (GDACs) in May 2020. All available profiles are planned to be revisited and evaluated in early 2021. Float no. 4903233 started showing drift in salinity at profile no. 77, and the salinity data will be carefully examined with a new adjustment in early 2021.

Argo FLOATs. Argo is an international collaboration that collects high-quality temperature and salinity Profiles from the upper 2 000 m of the ice-free global ocean and currents from intermediate depths.

These data are ocean profile data measured by profiling Argo S2A floats at a specific latitude, longitude, and date nominally from the surface to 2000 meters depth. Pressure, in situ temperature (ITS-90), and practical salinity are provided at 1-m increments through the water column. Argo data from Gulf of Mexico (GOM) LC1 (9 floats) and LC2 (12 floats) were delayed mode quality controlled and submitted to Global Data Assembly Centers (GDACs) in May 2020. All available profiles are planned to be revisited and evaluated in early 2021. Float no. 4903233 started showing drift in salinity at profile no. 77, and the salinity data will be carefully examined with a new adjustment in early 2021.

Argo: vertical profiles of temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen, fluorescence and back scattering collected in near real time. Data are reprocessed in delayed mode.