This metadata describes the 81cm pixel resolution, historical (1980s) orthophotography produced for the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) - Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) by the Center for Advanced Spatial Technologies (CAST), University of Arkansas. The ortho product provided is 3-band CIR, 8-bit per pixel and delivered in USGS 24k quad tiles (with a 100m buffer) as uncompressed GeoTIFF and compressed (10:1 using JPEG compression) GeoTIFF formats. This orthophotography is published in Universal Transverse Mercator Zone 15N, NAD83, meters, EPSG:26915. Source aerial photography was collected between 1980 and 1986 at a scale of 1:58,000 as part of the National High Altitude Photography (NHAP) program. More information about NHAP can be found at https://doi.org/10.5066/F7M043NG. Mixing photography from multiple dates was avoided as much as possible, therefore each tile is an orthomosaic composed of at least three overlapping aerial photos that were captured on one date (likely seconds apart). However, systematic differences in radiometry do exist between some adjacent orthophotos and between adjacent flight lines due to different conditions at the time of exposure (date of capture, flight direction, sun angle). No color or histogram matching was attempted and pixel values within these orthomosaics closely match the original pixel values captured during the scanning process.

This reference contains the imagery data used in the completion of the baseline vegetation inventory project for the NPS park unit. Orthophotos, raw imagery, and scanned aerial photos are common files held here. The mapping component was produced by identifying land cover on air photos and hand digitizing on-screen. Heads-up digitizing was accomplished at a display scale of not more than 1:1,000 against a back-drop of air photos. Imagery was the most recent available from the National Agriculture Imagery Program. This included 2010 leaf-on true color and 2006 leaf-off color infrared images.

description: Orthophotos combine the image characteristics of a photograph with the geometric qualities of a map. The primary digital orthophoto quadrangle (DOQ) is a 1-meter ground resolution, quarter-quadrangle (3.75 minutes of latitude by 3.75 minutes of longitude) image cast on the Universal Transverse Mercator projection (UTM) on the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83). The geographic extent of the DOQ is equivalent to a quarter-quadrangle plus the over edge ranges from a minimum of 50 meters to a maximum of 300 meters beyond the extremes of the primary and secondary corner points. The over edge is included to facilitate tonal matching for mosaicing and for the placement of the NAD83 and secondary datum corner ticks. The normal orientation of data is by lines (rows) and samples (columns). Each line contains a series of pixels ordered from west to east with the order of the lines from north to south. This series of DOQs was produced as a part of the Arkansas Digital Orthophotography Program headed by the Arkansas State Land Information Board and the Arkansas Geographic Information Office. The aerial photography used to create the digital images was flown between January 15th and March 31st during 2000-2002. The images make use of three separate spectral bands to form a color infrared composite, which allows easier analysis of agriculture, land use, vegetation, and other features with infrared reflectance. Areas of high vegetative vigor appear bright red in color infrared imagery.; abstract: Orthophotos combine the image characteristics of a photograph with the geometric qualities of a map. The primary digital orthophoto quadrangle (DOQ) is a 1-meter ground resolution, quarter-quadrangle (3.75 minutes of latitude by 3.75 minutes of longitude) image cast on the Universal Transverse Mercator projection (UTM) on the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83). The geographic extent of the DOQ is equivalent to a quarter-quadrangle plus the over edge ranges from a minimum of 50 meters to a maximum of 300 meters beyond the extremes of the primary and secondary corner points. The over edge is included to facilitate tonal matching for mosaicing and for the placement of the NAD83 and secondary datum corner ticks. The normal orientation of data is by lines (rows) and samples (columns). Each line contains a series of pixels ordered from west to east with the order of the lines from north to south. This series of DOQs was produced as a part of the Arkansas Digital Orthophotography Program headed by the Arkansas State Land Information Board and the Arkansas Geographic Information Office. The aerial photography used to create the digital images was flown between January 15th and March 31st during 2000-2002. The images make use of three separate spectral bands to form a color infrared composite, which allows easier analysis of agriculture, land use, vegetation, and other features with infrared reflectance. Areas of high vegetative vigor appear bright red in color infrared imagery.

This reference contains the imagery data used in the completion of the baseline vegetation inventory project for the NPS park unit. Orthophotos, raw imagery, and scanned aerial photos are common files held here. The mapping component was produced by identifying land cover on air photos and hand digitizing on-screen. Heads-up digitizing was accomplished at a display scale of not more than 1:1,000 against a back-drop of air photos. This included 2010 leafon true color and 2006 leaf-on color infrared images (Figure 5). Additionally, georeferenced aerial photography from the 1940’s, 1960’s, 1980’s, and 1990’s were used to identify areas where previous disturbance had occurred, including demolished buildings, old roads, clearings, and historical timber harvest sites. Hot Springs National Park = 5,465 acres (2,211.8 hectares) Base Imagery used for mapping (acquired by MoRAP): 2010, Arkansas County, AR, leaf-on, true color, 1m 2006, Arkansas County, AR, leaf-off, CIR, 1m Additional Imagery acquired and viewed by MoRAP: SPOT, leaf on SPOT, leaf off

The Civil Air Patrol is routinely tasked by FEMA and local public safety officials with taking aerial photographs. This collection comprises nearly 30,000 photos taken over the Hurricane Harvey study area, between August 19, 2017 and June 2, 2018. The majority of this collection were taken over southeast Texas from August 10 to September 2, 2017. These were originally uploaded to the web using the GeoPlatform.gov imageUploader capability, and hosted as a web map layer [1]. For this Harvey collection, I exported the dataset of photo location points to a local computer, subset it to the Harvey event, and created a shapefile, which is downloadable below. The photos and thumbnails were not included in this archive, but are attribute-linked to the FEMA-Civil Air Patrol image library on Amazon cloud [2].

The primary resource for these photos is the University of Texas at Austin Center for Space Research (UT CSR), hosted at the Texas Advanced Computational Center (TACC) [3]. These photos are organized by collection date, and each date folder has photo metadata in Javascript (js) and json format files. UT CSR has published a separate web app for browsing these photos [4], as well as several other flood imagery sources.

Note: The cameras used by the Civil Air Patrol do not have an electronic compass with their GPS to record the viewing direction. The easiest way to determine the general angle is to look at consecutive frame counterpoints to establish the flightpath direction at nadir and adjust for the photographer's position behind the pilot looking out the window hatch on the port (left) side of the aircraft. The altitude above ground level is typically between 1000-1500 feet, so it's easy to locate features in reference orthoimages.

Another source of aerial imagery is from the NOAA National Geodetic Survey (NGS) [5]. This imagery was acquired by the NOAA Remote Sensing Division to support NOAA homeland security and emergency response requirements.

References [1] US federal GeoPlatform.gov Image Uploader map service (ArcGIS Server) [https://imageryuploader.geoplatform.gov/arcgis/rest/services/ImageEvents/MapServer] [2] FEMA-Civil Air Patrol image library on Amazon cloud [https://fema-cap-imagery.s3.amazonaws.com] [3] UT CSR primary archive for Harvey photos on TACC [https://web.corral.tacc.utexas.edu/CSR/Public/17harvey/TxCAP/] [4] UT CSR web app for browsing CAP photos [http://magic.csr.utexas.edu/hurricaneharvey/public/] [5] NOAA NGS Hurricane Harvey Imagery [https://storms.ngs.noaa.gov/storms/harvey/index.html#7/28.400/-96.690]

Orthophotos combine the image characteristics of a photograph with the geometric qualities of a map. The primary digital orthophoto quarter quadrangle (DOQQ) is a1-meter ground resolution, quarter-quadrangle (3.75 minutes of latitude by 3.75 minutes of longitude) image cast on the Universal Transverse Mercator projection (UTM) on the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83). The geographic extent of the DOQQ is equivalent to a quarter-quadrangle plus the over edge ranges from a minimum of 50 meters to a maximum of 300 meters beyond the extremes of the primary and secondary corner points. The over edge is included to facilitate tonal matching for mosaicing and for the placement of the NAD83 and secondary datum corner ticks. The normal orientation of data is by lines (rows) and samples (columns). Each line contains a series of pixels ordered from west to east with the order of the lines from north to south. This series of DOQQs was produced as a part of the Arkansas Digital Orthophotography Program headed by the Arkansas State Land Information Board and the Arkansas Geographic information Office. The aerial photography used to create the digital images was flown between January 15th and March 31st in 2006.

Aerial images in the vicinity of USGS gaging station #07094500 Arkansas River at Parkdale, Colorado were collected on March 20-22, 2018, using Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS, or "drones"). Data were processed using structure-from-motion analysis to generate a three- dimensional point cloud that identifies pixels from multiple images representing the same object and calculates the x, y, and z coordinates of that object/pixel. The point cloud was processed to create a digital surface model of the site. Finally, source images were stitched together based on shared pixels and orthogonally adjusted to create a high resolution (approximately 2 cm pixel size) orthoimage for the study area. The orthomosaic image captures conditions of a 500 m reach of the Arkansas River that includes the gaging station and nearby river banks, railroad, roads, and the Route 50 bridge over the river.

Aerial Photo Reference Mosaics contain aerial photographs that are retrievable on a frame by frame basis. The inventory contains imagery from various sources that are now archived at the Earth Data Analysis Center.

This application service provides information pertaining to State of Arkansas 2006 Digital Ortho Program (ADOP) aerial photography. Orthophotos combine the image characteristics of a photograph with the geometric qualities of a map. The primary digital orthophoto quarter quadrangle (DOQQ) is a1-meter ground resolution, quarter-quadrangle (3.75 minutes of latitude by 3.75 minutes of longitude) image cast on the Universal Transverse Mercator projection (UTM) on the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83). The geographic extent of the DOQQ is equivalent to a quarter-quadrangle plus the over edge ranges from a minimum of 50 meters to a maximum of 300 meters beyond the extremes of the primary and secondary corner points. The over edge is included to facilitate tonal matching for mosaicing and for the placement of the NAD83 and secondary datum corner ticks. The normal orientation of data is by lines (rows) and samples (columns). Each line contains a series of pixels ordered from west to east with the order of the lines from north to south. This series of DOQQs was produced as a part of the Arkansas Digital Orthophotography Program headed by the Arkansas State Land Information Board and the Arkansas Geographic information Office. The aerial photography used to create the digital images was flown between January 15th and March 31st in 2006.

Six-inch pixel resolution color orthophotography for the Bismarck-Mandan area. The project encompassed an area of approximately 197 square miles.

Constraints:
The State of North Dakota has compiled this data according to conventional cartographic standards, using what is thought to be the most reliable information available. This data is intended to make results of research available at the earliest possible date, but is not intended to constitute final or formal publication. The State of North Dakota makes every effort to provide virus-free files but does not guarantee uncorrupted files. The State of North Dakota does not guarantee this data to be free from errors, inaccuracies, or viruses, and disclaims any responsibility or liability for interpretations or decisions based on this data.

Orthophotos combine the image characteristics of a photograph with the geometric qualities of a map. The primary digital orthophoto quarter quadrangle (DOQQ) is a1-meter ground resolution, quarter-quadrangle (3.75 minutes of latitude by 3.75 minutes of longitude) image cast on the Universal Transverse Mercator projection (UTM) on the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83). The geographic extent of the DOQQ is equivalent to a quarter-quadrangle plus the over edge ranges from a minimum of 50 meters to a maximum of 300 meters beyond the extremes of the primary and secondary corner points. The over edge is included to facilitate tonal matching for mosaicing and for the placement of the NAD83 and secondary datum corner ticks. The normal orientation of data is by lines (rows) and samples (columns). Each line contains a series of pixels ordered from west to east with the order of the lines from north to south. This series of DOQQs was produced as a part of the Arkansas Digital Orthophotography Program headed by the Arkansas State Land Information Board and the Arkansas Geographic information Office. The aerial photography used to create the digital images was flown between January 15th and March 31st in 2006.

Digital aerial photographs of the Buffalo National River in northern Arkansas were acquired on August 24, 2021 to support research on remote sensing of benthic algae. The images included in this data release were obtained by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service using the following key pieces of equipment: Quest Kodiak K100 aircraft, PhaseOne iXURS-1000 4-band (RGB and NIR) 100 mega-pixel medium format digital camera, SOMAG gyro-stabilized/vibration isolation sensor mounting, and POS AV510 GNSS/IMU navigational system. The original images were processed using photogrammetry software to generate orthophotos for the entire project area, delivered as GeoTIFF tiles. The tiles covering each of the two primary study reaches were identified and combined into a separate mosaic for each reach using ArcMap GIS software. This data release includes a comma-delimited (*.csv) text file with a listing of the orthophoto mosaics with columns: River, Reach, AcquisitionDate, Sensor, PixelSizeMeters, Projection, Datum, and ImageFileName. The images are provided as GeoTIFF files with an embedded header that includes spatial referencing information. The map projection and datum for these data are UTM Zone 15 N and WGS84, respectively. This image data set was used to produce spectrally based depth estimates and classifications of benthic algal coverage.

This hosted feature layer is provided by the Farm Production and Conservation Business Center's Geospatial Enterprise Operations Branch (FPAC-BC-GEO) formerly the Aerial Photography Field Office (APFO) and shows the image acquisition dates for the 2013 National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) imagery. The image dates are important to help the user determine what crops if any can be seen on the imagery.This date index contains a polygon for each exposure used in the creation of the imagery. To view the polygons for a particular state go to the bookmark tab in the upper right of the map. Once a state is chosen the view will zoom to the state and the polygons will appear. Click on a polygon to find out more information about any area on the image. Attribute information includes the following:Image acquisition date, color type, camera type, camera manufacturer, camera model, camera hardware and firmware version, and aircraft type.For access, download, and visualization for this and other years of imagery dates please visit the new NAIP Image Dates Data Hub.For more information about the NAIP program visit the NAIP Informational Map Journal and the NAIP History Map Tour Story Map.

Data available online through the Arkansas Spatial Data Infrastructure (ASDI) at http://gis.arkansas.gov. This dataset contains points which represents the locations of all Hospital-Related Services in the State of Arkansas. The compilation of this data is a collaborative effort between the Arkansas Geographic Information Systems Office and the Arkansas Department of Health (ADH) to build a comprehensive geographic database of Hospital-Related Services as a component of the National Electronic Disease Surveillance System (NEDSS). The Hospital-Related Services form a sub-component of the existing CDC Bioterrorism plan that involves the visualization application for disease detection and surveillance. A visual aid of Hospital-Related Service locations overlaid on current digital aerial photography, associated road names, and landmarks, were produced to representatives of ADH to confirm the accuracy of the _location.

description: Orthophotos combine the image characteristics of a photograph with the geometric qualities of a map. This tile is provided as a digital ortho quarter-quarter-quadrangle (DOQQQ) 1-foot ground resolution, image cast on the State Plane South coordinate system on the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83). The geographic extent of the DOQQQ is equivalent to a quarter-quarter-quadrangle plus the over edge ranges from a minimum of 50 meters to a maximum of 300 meters beyond the extremes of the primary and secondary corner points. The over edge is included to facilitate tonal matching for mosaicing and for the placement of the NAD83 and secondary datum corner ticks. The normal orientation of data is by lines (rows) and samples (columns). Each line contains a series of pixels ordered from west to east with the order of the lines from north to south. This series of DOQQQs was produced as a part of the Arkansas Digital Orthophotography Program headed by the Arkansas State Land Information Board and the Arkansas Geographic Information Office. The aerial photography used to create the digital images was flown between January 7, 2006 and January 24, 2006.; abstract: Orthophotos combine the image characteristics of a photograph with the geometric qualities of a map. This tile is provided as a digital ortho quarter-quarter-quadrangle (DOQQQ) 1-foot ground resolution, image cast on the State Plane South coordinate system on the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83). The geographic extent of the DOQQQ is equivalent to a quarter-quarter-quadrangle plus the over edge ranges from a minimum of 50 meters to a maximum of 300 meters beyond the extremes of the primary and secondary corner points. The over edge is included to facilitate tonal matching for mosaicing and for the placement of the NAD83 and secondary datum corner ticks. The normal orientation of data is by lines (rows) and samples (columns). Each line contains a series of pixels ordered from west to east with the order of the lines from north to south. This series of DOQQQs was produced as a part of the Arkansas Digital Orthophotography Program headed by the Arkansas State Land Information Board and the Arkansas Geographic Information Office. The aerial photography used to create the digital images was flown between January 7, 2006 and January 24, 2006.

description: Data available online through GeoStor at http://www.geostor.arkansas.gov. This dataset contains points which represent the locations of all Community Health Centers in the State of Arkansas. The compilation of this data is a collaborative effort between the Arkansas Geographic Information Office and the Arkansas Department of Health (ADH) to build a comprehensive geographic database of Community Health Centers as a component of the National Electronic Disease Surveillance System (NEDSS). The Community Health Centers form a sub-component of the existing CDC Bioterrorism plan that involves the visualization application for disease detection and surveillance. A visual aid of health center locations overlaid on current digital aerial photography, associated road names, and landmarks, were produced to representatives of ADH to confirm the accuracy of the location.; abstract: Data available online through GeoStor at http://www.geostor.arkansas.gov. This dataset contains points which represent the locations of all Community Health Centers in the State of Arkansas. The compilation of this data is a collaborative effort between the Arkansas Geographic Information Office and the Arkansas Department of Health (ADH) to build a comprehensive geographic database of Community Health Centers as a component of the National Electronic Disease Surveillance System (NEDSS). The Community Health Centers form a sub-component of the existing CDC Bioterrorism plan that involves the visualization application for disease detection and surveillance. A visual aid of health center locations overlaid on current digital aerial photography, associated road names, and landmarks, were produced to representatives of ADH to confirm the accuracy of the location.

description: Data available online through GeoStor at http://www.geostor.arkansas.gov. This dataset contains points which represent the locations of all Veterans Affairs Services in the State of Arkansas. The compilation of this data is a collaborative effort between the Arkansas Geographic Information Office and the Arkansas Department of Health (ADH) to build a comprehensive geographic database of Veterans Affairs Services as a component of the National Electronic Disease Surveillance System (NEDSS). The Veterans Affairs Services form a sub-component of the existing CDC Bioterrorism plan that involves the visualization application for disease detection and surveillance. A visual aid of Veterans Affairs Service locations overlaid on current digital aerial photography, associated road names, and landmarks, were produced to representatives of ADH to confirm the accuracy of the location.; abstract: Data available online through GeoStor at http://www.geostor.arkansas.gov. This dataset contains points which represent the locations of all Veterans Affairs Services in the State of Arkansas. The compilation of this data is a collaborative effort between the Arkansas Geographic Information Office and the Arkansas Department of Health (ADH) to build a comprehensive geographic database of Veterans Affairs Services as a component of the National Electronic Disease Surveillance System (NEDSS). The Veterans Affairs Services form a sub-component of the existing CDC Bioterrorism plan that involves the visualization application for disease detection and surveillance. A visual aid of Veterans Affairs Service locations overlaid on current digital aerial photography, associated road names, and landmarks, were produced to representatives of ADH to confirm the accuracy of the location.

AR50 is a nationwide dataset that shows the main types of land resources adapted to use on scales from 1:20 000 to 1:100 000. The data set consists of the following properties that can be used to produce map layers with predefined presentation rules (sld files): area type (ARTYPE), agriculture (ARJORD USE), tree species (ARTRESLAG), forest bondage (ARSKOGBON) and snauland (ARSKOGBON). AR50 is produced by generalising FKB-AR5 below the tree line and interpreting satellite imagery across the tree line. For classification of tree species, N50 forests have also been used without registered tree species where there is no AR5. Figures that are less than 15 acres do not appear on the map, but are merged with adjacent areas. AR50 is thus not suitable for spatial analyses or production of land-use statistics. The AR50 has been updated approximately every three years with the latest annual version of FKB-AR5. The production is fully automated and based on a complex rule-based production route for compiling the data sets. The latest version of the AR50 was published in May 2022 with data from AR5 and N50 from 31.12.2021, as well as new AR-FJELL2. The satellite images are from the period 2020 and 2022 (Sentinel 2 satellite). The production track was then rewritten with a new code. The code is adjusted to changes in the input data sets. The generalised figures will therefore differ slightly from previous versions. In addition, there is topological straightening including smoothing of the figures. Data is downloaded as county or municipal files. The first version of the AR50 year 2010 dataset was produced by AR5 and N50 as of 31.12.2010, and AR-FJELL with satellite imagery (IMAGE2000) from the period 1994 and 2006. It has since made annual version 2013 (AR5 and N50 as per 31.12.2013) and annual version 2016 (AR5 and N50 as of 31.12.2016). AR-FJELL has not been updated since 2010. The latest update of the first version of the AR50 has data from 31.12.2016.

Orthophotos combine the image characteristics of a photograph with the geometric qualities of a map. This tile is provided as a digital ortho quarter-quarter-quadrangle (DOQQQ) 1-foot ground resolution, image cast on the State Plane South coordinate system on the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83). The geographic extent of the DOQQQ is equivalent to a quarter-quarter-quadrangle plus the over edge ranges from a minimum of 50 meters to a maximum of 300 meters beyond the extremes of the primary and secondary corner points. The over edge is included to facilitate tonal matching for mosaicing and for the placement of the NAD83 and secondary datum corner ticks. The normal orientation of data is by lines (rows) and samples (columns). Each line contains a series of pixels ordered from west to east with the order of the lines from north to south. This series of DOQQQs was produced as a part of the Arkansas Digital Orthophotography Program headed by the Arkansas State Land Information Board and the Arkansas Geographic Information Office. The aerial photography used to create the digital images was flown between December 29, 2005 and February 4, 2006

This repository contains the data used to evaluate the performance of a beach nourishment project in three bays of Mar del Plata, Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The project was carried out by the Belgian company Dredging International between 1998 and 1999. A total of 2,480,000 m3 of sediments were dredged from the mouth of the local port and deposited on the Playa Grande, Varese and Bristol beaches. CoastSat 2.0 toolkit (https://github.com/kvos/CoastSat), an open-source Python software for shoreline detection was utilized. The toolkit allows users to acquire time series of shoreline positions for any coastal area using available satellite imagery from the Google Earth Engine platform. In this case, it was used with data from the Landsat missions L5 (1986–2012), L7 (1999–2021), L8 (2013–2021), and the Sentinel mission S2 (2015–2021). Top-of-Atmosphere reflectance images from the Landsat missions with a resolution of 30 m and a revisit time of 16 days (Tier 1) were utilized, along with images from the Sentinel 2 mission with a resolution of 10 m and a revisit time of 5 days (Level-1C). Additionally, the toolkit employed spatial resolution enhancement techniques over Landsat images to map the position of the shoreline with an accuracy of ~10 m. In this repository, CoastSat-detected shorelines can be accessed along with the normal to shore transects from which the beach width time series were obtained to analyze beach response to nourishment. Tide-corrected beach width time series are also provided.