This article summarizes a reconstruction of the adjusted monetary base and adjusted bank reserves of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. The revised figures, based on as much original source data as feasible, include changes to both the monetary (source) base and reserve requirement magnitude (RAM). The revised figures include the new measure or RAM developed by Anderson and Rasche (2001) that interprets the operation of retail-deposit sweep programs by United States banks, beginning in 1994, as economically equivalent to a reduction in statutory reserve requirements. The authors also present new seasonal adjustment factors that incorporate adjustments for the Y2K-related surge in the monetary base and reserves.

Graph and download economic data for FOMC Summary of Economic Projections for the Fed Funds Rate, Median (FEDTARMD) from 2025 to 2027 about projection, federal, median, rate, and USA.

The Federal Reserve's balance sheet has undergone significant changes since 2007, reflecting its response to major economic crises. From a modest *** trillion U.S. dollars at the end of 2007, it ballooned to approximately **** trillion U.S. dollars by July 2025. This dramatic expansion, particularly during the 2008 financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic - both of which resulted in negative annual GDP growth in the U.S. - showcases the Fed's crucial role in stabilizing the economy through expansionary monetary policies. Impact on inflation and interest rates The Fed's expansionary measures, while aimed at stimulating economic growth, have had notable effects on inflation and interest rates. Following the quantitative easing in 2020, inflation in the United States reached ***** percent in 2022, the highest since 1991. However, by *********, inflation had declined to *** percent. Concurrently, the Federal Reserve implemented a series of interest rate hikes, with the rate peaking at **** percent in ***********, before the first rate cut since ************** occurred in **************. Financial implications for the Federal Reserve The expansion of the Fed's balance sheet and subsequent interest rate hikes have had significant financial implications. In 2023, the Fed reported a negative net income of ***** billion U.S. dollars, a stark contrast to the ***** billion U.S. dollars profit in 2022. This unprecedented shift was primarily due to rapidly rising interest rates, which caused the Fed's interest expenses to soar to over *** billion U.S. dollars in 2023. Despite this, the Fed's net interest income on securities acquired through open market operations reached a record high of ****** billion U.S. dollars in the same year.

Graph and download economic data for Federal Debt: Total Public Debt (GFDEBTN) from Q1 1966 to Q1 2025 about public, debt, federal, government, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for Interest Rate on Reserve Balances (IORB Rate) (IORB) from 2021-07-29 to 2025-08-18 about reserves, interest rate, interest, rate, and USA.

View economic output, reported as the nominal value of all new goods and services produced by labor and property located in the U.S.

Part A: The following articles by the Federal Reserve are about TIC data, or make significant use of TIC data. Part B: The following statistics from the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) use adjusted TIC data.

Ten-Year TIPS Yields versus Real Yields is a part of the Inflation Expectations indicator of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland.

This dataset sheds light on the evolution of published contributions of women economists over a 110-year period. The dataset is collected from the Papers and Proceedings (P&P), an annual volume of the proceedings of the American Economic Association (AEA) annual meetings, which has been published since 1911. It catalogs the 110 years of publications in the annual proceedings volume and provides insight into women's position in the economics profession, as well as differences between men and women with respect to coauthoring patterns, institutional affiliations, and research fields.

This data package includes the underlying data and files to replicate the calculations, charts, and tables presented in The Federal Reserve Engages the World (1970-2000): An Insider's Narrative of the Transition to Managed Floating and Financial Turbulence, PIIE Working Paper 14-5. If you use the data, please cite as: Truman, Edwin M. (2014). The Federal Reserve Engages the World (1970-2000): An Insider's Narrative of the Transition to Managed Floating and Financial Turbulence. PIIE Working Paper 14-5. Peterson Institute for International Economics.

This repository contains replication materials for the article "Fed Up: The Determinants of Public Opposition to the U.S. Federal Reserve", published in 2024 in Political Research Quarterly.

The U.S. federal funds rate peaked in 2023 at its highest level since the 2007-08 financial crisis, reaching 5.33 percent by December 2023. A significant shift in monetary policy occurred in the second half of 2024, with the Federal Reserve implementing regular rate cuts. By December 2024, the rate had declined to 4.48 percent. What is a central bank rate? The federal funds rate determines the cost of overnight borrowing between banks, allowing them to maintain necessary cash reserves and ensure financial system liquidity. When this rate rises, banks become more inclined to hold rather than lend money, reducing the money supply. While this decreased lending slows economic activity, it helps control inflation by limiting the circulation of money in the economy. Historic perspective The federal funds rate historically follows cyclical patterns, falling during recessions and gradually rising during economic recoveries. Some central banks, notably the European Central Bank, went beyond traditional monetary policy by implementing both aggressive asset purchases and negative interest rates.

Graph and download economic data for Student Loans Owned and Securitized (DISCONTINUED) (SLOAS) from Q1 2006 to Q4 2024 about student, securitized, owned, loans, and USA.

Yearly citation counts for the publication titled "Bias in Federal Reserve inflation forecasts: Is the Federal Reserve irrational or just cautious?".

United States - Import Price Index: Other Countries - Nonmanufactured articles (DISCONTINUED) was 221.60000 Index 2000=100 in December of 2017, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Import Price Index: Other Countries - Nonmanufactured articles (DISCONTINUED) reached a record high of 417.50000 in July of 2008 and a record low of 46.80000 in December of 1998. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Import Price Index: Other Countries - Nonmanufactured articles (DISCONTINUED) - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on July of 2025.

United States - Import Price Index: Other Countries - Manufactured articles (DISCONTINUED) was 103.80000 Index 2000=100 in December of 2017, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Import Price Index: Other Countries - Manufactured articles (DISCONTINUED) reached a record high of 112.60000 in July of 2008 and a record low of 94.50000 in November of 2003. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Import Price Index: Other Countries - Manufactured articles (DISCONTINUED) - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on September of 2025.

Expected Inflation Term Structure is a part of the Inflation Expectations indicator of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland.

United States - Import Price Index (Harmonized System): Articles of iron or steel, not elsewhere specified or included was 102.40000 Index Dec 2012=100 in December of 2018, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Import Price Index (Harmonized System): Articles of iron or steel, not elsewhere specified or included reached a record high of 104.50000 in April of 2018 and a record low of 95.50000 in March of 2017. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Import Price Index (Harmonized System): Articles of iron or steel, not elsewhere specified or included - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on September of 2025.

United States - Import Price Index (Harmonized System): Articles of Iron or Steel was 182.00000 Index 2000=100 in July of 2025, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Import Price Index (Harmonized System): Articles of Iron or Steel reached a record high of 212.60000 in May of 2022 and a record low of 94.80000 in May of 2002. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Import Price Index (Harmonized System): Articles of Iron or Steel - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on August of 2025.

Graph and download economic data for Nominal Broad U.S. Dollar Index (DTWEXBGS) from 2006-01-02 to 2025-08-22 about trade-weighted, broad, exchange rate, currency, goods, services, rate, indexes, and USA.